Lp trnh PLC

Bin tp bi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn

Lp trnh PLC
Bin tp bi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
Cc tc gi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn

Phin bn trc tuyn:

http://voer.edu.vn/c/b65809e7

MC LC
1. Chng 1: Tng quan v PLC
1.1. M U
1.2. Lch s pht trin
1.3. Cu trc v nguyn l lm vic ca PLC
1.4. Phn loi
1.5. Cu trc phn cng PLC S7-300
1.5.1. H thng Module
1.5.2. Cu trc b nh
2. Chng 2 : Ngn ng lp trnh v ng dng
2.1. Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh
2.2. Chu trnh lm vic, lp trnh v cu trc chng trnh
2.3. Tp lnh PLC S7 - 300
2.3.1. Nhm lnh logic tip im
2.3.2. B m (Counter)
2.3.3. B thi gian (Timer)
2.3.4. Cc hm so snh
2.3.5. Cc hm ton hc
2.3.6. Hm di chuyn d liu
2.3.7. Hm logic thc hin trn thanh ghi
2.3.8. Lnh lm vic vi tn hiu tng t
3. Chng 3 : Ngn ng lp trinh Step 7
3.1. CI T STEP 7
3.2. Son tho mt Project mi
3.3. Son tho chng trnh
3.4. Chy th, np chng trnh xung phn cng, gim st hot ng ca chng
trnh
4. Chng 4 : La chn, lp t, kim tra v bo tr h thng
4.1. La chn, lp t, kim tra v bo tr h thng
Tham gia ng gp

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Chng 1: Tng quan v PLC

M U
Trong cc h thng sn xut, trong cc thit b t ng v bn t ng, h thng iu
khin ng vai tr iu phi ton b cc hot ng ca my mc thit b. Cc h thng
my mc v thit b sn xut thng rt phc tp, c rt nhiu i lng vt l phi iu
khin c th hot ng ng b hoc theo mt trnh t cng ngh nht nh nhm to
ra mt sn phm mong mun. Tng i lng vt l n l c th c iu khin bng
mt mch iu khin c s dng tng t hay gin on. iu khin nhiu i lng vt
l ng thi chng ta khng th dng cc mch iu khin tng t m phi s dng h
thng iu khin l gc. Trc y cc h thng iu khin l gc c s dng l h
thng l gc r le. Nh s pht trin nhanh chng ca k thut in t, cc thit b iu
khin l gc kh lp trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) xut hin vo nm
1969 thay th cc h thng iu khin r le. Cng ngy PLC cng tr nn hon thin v
a nng. Cc PLC ngy nay khng nhng c kh nng thay th hon ton cc thit b
iu khin lo gc c in, m cn c kh nng thay th cc thit b iu khin tng t.
Cc PLC c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip.
Chc nng chnh ca PLC l kim tra trng thi ca cc u vo v iu khin cc qu
trnh hoc cc h thng my mc thng qua cc tn hiu trn chnh u ra ca PLC. T
hp l gc ca cc u vo to ra mt hay nhiu tn hiu ra c gi l iu khin
l gc. Cc t hp l gc thng c thc hin theo trnh t iu khin hay cn gi l
chng trnh iu khin. Chng trnh iu khin c lu trong b nh ca PLC c th
bng cch lp trnh bng thit b cm tay ni trc tip vi PLC hoc lp trnh trn my
tnh c nhn nh cc phn mm chuyn dng v truyn vo PLC qua mng hay qua cp
truyn d liu. B x l tn hiu, thng l cc b vi x l tc cao, thc hin chng
trnh iu khin theo chu k. Khong thi gian thc hin mt chu trnh iu khin t lc
kim tra cc tn hiu vo, thc hin cc php tnh lo gc hoc i s c c tn hiu
iu khin, cho n khi pht tn hiu n u ra c goi l chu k thi gian qut.

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PLC trong cng nghip thng c cu hnh n gin nht, bi v cc chng trnh trnh
iu khin qu trnh cng ngh hay my mc thng c hot ng 24/24 v khng
cn bt c s can thip ca con ngi trong qu trnh iu khin. PLC ch dng qut
chng trnh iu khin khi ngt ngun hoc khi cng tc ngng c kch hot. S
khi n gin ho ca PLC c th hin trn hnh
Trn u vo ca PLC c th c cc knh tn hiu tng t hoc cc knh tn hiu s.
Cc knh tn hiu ny xut pht t cc cm bin, t cc cng tc hnh trnh, cng tc
ng ngt mch in hoc t cc bin l gc tng ng vi cc cc trng thi ca my
mc, thit b. Tn hiu vo c b x l trung tm x l nh cc php tnh l gc hay
s hc v kt qu l cc tn hiu ra. Cc tn hiu tn hiu ra l cc tn hiu truyn in
nng n cho cc c cu chp hnh nh cun ht, n hiu, ng c vv.
in p trn u vo ca PLC l in p cng sut thp, tng ng vi mc t 0V n
5V mt chiu. Khi ta ni cc u vo c mc in p cao hn 5V, thng phi dng cc
knh c cc mch chuyn i bin in p vo thnh in p tng ng vi mc
+/ 5VDC. in p trn u ra ca PLC c th c nhiu mc in p khc nhau, nhng
u c mc nng lng thp. Nu cn phi iu khin c cu chp hnh c mc nng
lng cao hn, ta phi s dng cc thit b khuych i cng sut.

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Lch s pht trin

Vo khong nm 1968, cc nh sn xut t a ra cc yu cu k thut u tin
cho thit b i khin l gc kh lp trnh. Mc ch u tin l thay th cho cc t iu
khin cng knh, tiu th nhiu in nng v thng xuyn phi thay th cc r le do
hng cun ht hay gy cc thanh l xo tip im. Mc ch th hai l to ra mt thiu b
iu khin c tnh linh hot trong vic thay i chng trnh iu khin. Cc yu cu k
thut ny chnh l c s ca cc my tnh cng nghip, m u im chnh ca n l s
lp trnh d dng bi cc k thut vin v cc k s sn xut. Vi thit b iu khin kh
lp trnh, ngi ta c th gim thi gian dng trong sn xut, m rng kh nng hon
thin h thng sn xut v thch ng vi s thay i trong sn xut. Mt s nh sn xut
thit b iu khin trn c s my tnh sn xut ra cc thit b iu khin kh lp trnh
cn gi l PLC.
Nhng PLC u tin c ng dng trong cng nghip t vo nm 1969 em li s
u vit hn hn cc h thng iu khin trn c s r le. Cc thit b ny c lp trnh
d dng, khng chim nhiu khng gian trong cc xng sn xut v c tin cy cao
hn cc h thng r le. Cc ng dng ca PLC nhanh chng rng m ra tt c cc
ngnh cng nghip sn xut khc.
Hai c im chnh dn n s thnh cng ca PLC chnh l tin cy cao v kh
nng lp trnh d dng. tin cy ca PLC c m bo bi cc mch bn dn c
thit k thch ng vi mi trng cng nghip. Cc mch vo ra c thit k m bo
kh nng chng nhiu, chu c m, chu c du, bi v nhit cao. Cc ngn ng
lp trnh u tin ca PLC tng t nh s thang trong cc h thng iu khin l
gc, nn cc k s lm quen vi s thang, d dng thch nghi vi vic lp trnh m
khng cn phi qua mt qu trnh o to no. Mt s cc ng dng ca my tnh trong
sn xut trong thi gian u b tht bi, cng chnh v vic hc s dng cc phn mm
my tnh khng d dng ngay c vi cc k s.
Khi cc vi x l c a vo s dng trong nhng nm 1974 1975, cc kh nng c
bn ca PLC c m rng v hon thin hn. Cc PLC c trang b vi x l c kh nng
thc hin cc tnh ton v x l s liu phc tp, iu ny lm tng kh nng ng dng
ca PLC cho cc h thng iu khin phc tp. Cc PLC khng ch dng li ch l
cc thit b iu khin l gc, m n cn c kh nng thay th c cc thit b iu khin
tng t. Vo cui nhng nm by mi vic truyn d liu tr nn d dng nh s
pht trin nhy vt ca cng nghip in t. Cc PLC c th iu khin cc thit b cch
xa hng vi trm mt. Cc PLC c th trao i d liu cho nhau v vic iu khin qu
trnh sn xut tr nn d dng hn.

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Thit b iu khin kh lp trnh PLC chnh l cc my tnh cng nghip dng cho mc
ch iu khin my, iu khin cc ng dng cng nghip thay th cho cc thit b
cng nh cc r le, cun ht v cc tip im.
Ngy nay chng ta c th thy PLC trong hng nghn ng dng cng nghip. Chng
c s dng trong cng nghip ho cht, cng nghip ch bin du, cng nghip thc
phm, cng nghip c kh, cng nghip x l nc v cht thi, cng nghip dc phm,
cng nghip dt may, nh my in ht nhn, trong cng nghip khai khong, trong giao
thng vn ti, trong qun s, trong cc h thng m bo an ton, trong cc h thng vn
chuyn t ng, iu khin r bt, iu khin my cng c CNC vv. Cc PLC c th
c kt ni vi cc my tnh truyn, thu thp v lu tr s liu bao gm c qu trnh
iu khin bng thng k, qu trnh m bo cht lng, chn on s c trc tuyn,
thay i chng trnh iu khin t xa. Ngoi ra PLC cn c dng trong h thng
qun l nng lng nhm gim gi thnh v ci thin mi trng iu khin trong cc
cc h thng phc v sn xut, trong cc dch v v cc vn phng cng s.
S ra i ca my tnh c nhn PC trong nhng nm tm mi nng cao ng k tnh
nng v kh nng s dng ca PLC trong iu khin my v qu trnh sn xut. Cc PC
gi thnh khng cao c th s dng nh cc thit b lp trnh v l giao din gia ngi
vn hnh v h thng iu khin. Nh s pht trin ca cc phn mm ho cho my
tnh c nhn PC, cc PLC cng c trang b cc giao din ho c th m phng
hoc hin th cc hot ng ca tng b phn trong h thng iu khin. iu ny c
ngha c bit quan trng i vi cc my CNC, v n to cho ta kh nng m phng
trc qu trnh gia cng, nhm trnh cc s c do lp trnh sai. My tnh c nhn PC v
PLC u c s dng rng ri trong cc h thng iu khin sn xut v c trong cc
h thng dch v.
PLC c sn xut bi nhiu hng khc nhau trn th gii. V nguyn l hot ng, cc
PLC ny c tnh nng tng t ging nhau, nhng v lp trnh s dng th chng hon
ton khc nhau do thit k khc nhau ca mi nh sn xut. PLC khc vi cc my tnh
l khng c ngn ng lp trnh chung v khng c h iu hnh. Khi c bt ln th
PLC ch chy chng trnh iu khin ghi trong b nh ca n, ch khng th chy c
hot ng no khc. Mt s hng sn xut PLC ln c tn tui nh: Siemens, Toshiba,
Mishubisi, Omron, Allan Bradley, Rocwell, Fanuc l cc hng chim phn ln th phn
PLC th gii. Cc PLC ca cc hng ny c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip s
dng cng ngh t ng ho.
Cc thit b iu khin PLC to thm sc mnh, tc v tnh linh hot cho cc h thng
cng nghip. Bng s thay th cc phn t c in bng PLC, qu trnh iu khin tr
nn nhanh hn, r hn, v quan trng nht l hiu qu hn. PLC l s la chn tt hn
cc h thng r le hay my tnh tiu chun do mt s l do sau:

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-Tn t khng gian: Mt PLC cn t khng gian hn mt my tnh tiu chun hay t iu
khin r le thc hin cng mt cc nng.
- Tit kim nng lng: PLC tiu th nng lng mc rt thp, t hn c cc my tnh
thng thng.
-Gi thnh thp : Mt PLC gi tng ng c 5 n 10 r le, nhng n c kh nng
thay th hng trm r le.
- Kh nng thch ng vi mi trng cng nghip: Cc v ca PLC c lm t cc vt
liu cng, c kh nng chng chu c bi bn, du m, m, rung ng v nhiu.
Cc my tnh tiu chun khng c kh nng ny.
- Giao din tc tip: Cc my tnh tiu chun cn c mt h thng phc tp c th
giao tip vi mi trng cng nghip. Trong khi cc PLC c th giao din trc tip
nh cc m un vo ra I/O.
- Lp trnh d dng: Phn ln cc PLC s dng ngn ng lp trnh l s thang, tng
t nh s u ca cc h thng iu khin r le thng thng.
- Tnh linh hot cao: Chng trnh iu khin ca PLC c th thay i nhanh chng v
d dng bng cch np li chng trnh iu khin mi vo PLC bng b lp trnh, bng
th nh, bng truyn ti qua mng.

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Cu trc v nguyn l lm vic ca PLC

Cu trc chung
PLC l thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (Program Logic Control), l loi thit b cho
php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua 1 ngn ng lp trnh,
thay cho vic phi th hin thut ton bng mch s.
Cng nh cc thit b lp trnh khc, h thng lp trnh c bn ca PLC bao gm 2 phn:
khi x l trung tm (CPU) v h thng giao tip vo/ra (I/O) nh s khi:

Khi x l trung tm:

L mt vi x l iu khin tt c cc hot ng ca PLC nh: Thc hin chng trnh,
x l vo/ra v truyn thng vi cc thit b bn ngoi.
B nh
C nhiu cc b nh khc nhau dng cha chng trnh h thng l mt phn mm
iu khin cc hot ng ca h thng, s LAD, tr s ca Timer, Counter c cha
trong vng nh ng dng, ty theo yu cu ca ngi dng c th chn cc b nh khc
nhau:
1. B nh ROM: l loi b nh khng thay i c, b nh ny ch np c mt ln
nn t c s dng ph bin nh cc loi b nh khc.

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2. B nh RAM: l loi b nh c th thay i c v dng cha cc chng trnh

ng dng cng nh d liu, d liu cha trong Ram s b mt khi mt in. Tuy nhin,
iu ny c th khc phc bng cch dng Pin.
3. B nh EPROM: Ging nh ROM, ngun nui cho EPROM khng cn dng Pin, tuy
nhin ni dung cha trong n c th xo bng cch chiu tia cc tm vo mt ca s nh
trn EPROM v sau np li ni dung bng my np.
4. B nh EEPROM: kt hp hai u im ca RAM v EPROM, loi ny c th xa v
np bng tn hiu in. Tuy nhin s ln np cng c gii hn.
Mt PLC c y cc chc nng nh: b m, b nh thi, cc thanh ghi (registers)
v tp lnh cho php thc hin cc yu cu iu khin phc tp khc nhau. Hot ng
ca PLC hon ton ph thuc vo chng trnh nm trong b nh, n lun cp nht tn
hiu ng vo, x l tn hiu iu khin ng ra.
nh gi mt b PLC ngi ta da vo 2 tiu chun chnh: Dung lng b nh v s
tip im vo/ra ca n. Bn cnh cng cn ch n cc chc nng nh: B vi x
l, chu k xung clock, ngn ng lp trnh, kh nng m rng s cng vo/ra.
Bn cnh , mt b PLC hon chnh cn i km thm mt n v lp trnh bng tay
hay bng my tnh. Hu ht cc n v lp trnh n gin u c RAM cha ng
chng trnh di dng hon thin hay b sung. Nu n v lp trnh l n v xch tay,
RAM thng l loi CMOS c pin d phng, ch khi no chng trnh c kim tra
v sn sng s dng th n mi truyn sang b nh PLC. i vi cc PLC ln thng
lp trnh trn my tnh nhm h tr cho vic vit, c v kim tra chng trnh. Cc n
v lp trnh ni vi PLC qua cng RS232, RS422, RS458,
Trong h thng iu khin PLC cc phn t nhp tn hiu nh: chuyn mch, nt n,
cm bin, ... c ni vi u vo ca thit b PLC. Cc phn t chp hnh nh: n
bo, r le, cng tc t,... c ni n li ra ca PLC ti cc u ni.
Chng trnh iu khin PLC c son tho di cc dng c bn (s c trnh by
phn sau) s c np vo b nh bn trong PLC, sau t ng thc hin tun t theo
mt chui lnh iu khin c xc nh trc.
H cn cho php cng nhn vn hnh thao tc bng tay cc tip im, nt dng khn
cp m bo tnh an ton trong cc trng hp xy ra s c.
PLC c xem nh tri tim trong mt h thng iu khin t ng n l vi chng
trnh iu khin c cha trong b nh ca PLC, PLC thng xuyn kim tra trng
thi ca h thng thng qua cc tn hiu hi tip t thit b vo t c th a ra
nhng tn hiu iu khin tng ng n cc thit b ra.

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PLC c th c s dng cho nhng yu cu iu khin n gin v c lp i lp li

theo chu k, hoc lin kt vi my tnh ch khc hoc my tnh ch thng qua mt kiu
h thng mng truyn thng thc hin cc qu trnh x l phc tp.
Tn hiu vo
Mc thng minh ca mt h thng iu khin ph thuc ch yu vo kh nng ca
PLC c c cc d liu khc nhau t cc cm bin cng nh bng cc thit b nhp
bng tay.
Tiu biu cho cc thit b nhp bng tay nh: nt n, bn phm v chuyn mch. Mt
khc, o, kim tra chuyn ng, p sut, lu lng cht lng ,... PLC phi nhn cc
tn hiu t cc cm bin. V d: tip im hnh trnh, cm bin quang in,...tn hiu a
vo PLC c th l tn hiu s (digital) hoc tn hiu tng t (analog), cc tn hiu ny
c giao tip vi PLC thng qua cc modul nhn tn hiu vo khc nhau khc nhau DI
(Digital Input) hoc AI (Analog Input),....
i tng iu khin
Mt h thng iu khin s khng c ngha thc t nu khng giao tip c vi
thit b ngoi, cc thit b ngoi thng dng nh: mt, van, rle, n bo, chung
in,...cng ging nh thit b vo, cc thit b ngoi c ni n cc cng ra ca
modul ra (output). Cc modul ra ny c th l DO (Digital Output) hoc AO (ra tng
t).

Nguyn l lm vic
CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra chng trnh
c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin th t tng lnh trong chng trnh, s
ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti cc thit b lin kt
thc thi. V ton b cc hot ng thc thi u ph thuc vo chng trnh iu
khin c gi trong b nh.
PLC thc cht chy bng m my vi h thng s nh phn, do tc qut vng
chng trnh c th t n vi phn ngn giy, cc Software dng lp trnh PLC
tch hp c phn bin dch. Cc dng lnh khi lp trnh chng ta a t chng trnh
vo th trnh bin dch s chuyn i sang m my v ghi tng bit 0 hay bit 1 ln
ng vo v tr c a ch c quy c trc trong PLC ln PC c thc thi xy ra
ngc li v trnh bin dch lm xong nhim v ca mnh trc khi tr chng trnh
ln Monitor..
H thng Bus l tuyn dng truyn tn hiu, h thng gm nhiu ng tn hiu song
song:

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- Address Bus: Bus a ch dng truyn a ch n cc Modul khc nhau.

- Data Bus: Bus dng truyn d liu.
- Control Bus: Bus iu khin dng truyn cc tn hiu nh th v iu khin ng
b cc hot ng trong PLC.
Trong PLC cc s liu c trao i gia b vi x l v cc modul vo ra thng qua
Data Bus. Address Bus v Data Bus gm 8 ng, cng thi im cho php truyn 8
bit ca 1 byte mt cch ng thi hay song song.
Nu mt modul u vo nhn c a ch ca n trn Address Bus, n s chuyn tt c
trng thi u vo ca n vo Data Bus. Nu mt a ch byte ca 8 u ra xut hin trn
Address Bus, modul u ra tng ng s nhn c d liu t Data bus. Control Bus s
chuyn cc tn hiu iu khin vo theo di chu trnh hot ng ca PLC. Cc a ch v
s liu c chuyn ln cc Bus tng ng trong mt thi gian hn ch.
H thng Bus s lm nhim v trao i thng tin gia CPU, b nh v I/O. Bn cch ,
CPU c cung cp mt xung Clock c tn s t 18 MHZ. Xung ny quyt nh tc
hot ng ca PLC v cung cp cc yu t v nhthi, ng h ca h thng.
* Vng qut ca chng trnh:
PLC thc hin cc cng vic (bao gm c chng trnh iu khin) theo chu trnh lp.
Mi vng lp c gi l mt vng qut (scancycle). Mi vng qut c bt u bng
vic chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc
hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin
n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1.
Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o
Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on x l cc yu cu truyn
thng (nu c) v kim tra trng thi ca CPU. Mi vng qut c th m t nh sau:

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Ch : B m I v Q khng lin quan ti cc cng vo/ra tng t nn cc lnh truy

nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cng vt l ch khng thng qua b
m.
Thi gian cn thit cho PLC thc hin c mt vng qut c gi l thi gian
vng qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi vng qut
no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c thc
hin lu, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tuthuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh
c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu truyn thng. Trong vng qut . Nh vy gia
vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn hiu iu khin n i
tng c mt khongthi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi
gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu khin trong PLC.
Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh cng cao.
Nu s dng cc khi chng trnh c bit c ch ngt, v d khi OB40, OB80,...
Chng trnh ca cc khi s c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin tn hiu
bo ngt cng chng loi. Cc khi chng trnh ny c th thc hin ti mi vng qut
ch khng phi b g p l phi trong giai on thc hin chng trnh. Chng hn
mt tn hiu bo ngt xut hin khi PLC ang giai on truyn thng v kim tra ni
b, PLC s tm dng cng vic truyn thng, kim tra, thc hin ngt nh vy, thi
gian vng qut s cng ln khi cng c nhiu tn hiu ngt xut hin trong vng qut.
Do nng cao tnh thi gian thc cho chng trnh iu khin, tuyt i khng
nnvit chng trnh x l ngt qu di hoc qu lm dng vic s dng ch ngt
trong chng trnh iu khin.
Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi
cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b nh m ca cng trong vng nh tham s. Vic truyn
thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong giai on 1 v 3 do h iu hnh CPU qun l.
mt s modul CPU, khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay lp tc h thng s cho dng mi cng
vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin vi cng vo/ra.
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u nhc im ca PLC trong cng nghip

c im h thng iu khin dng Rle
- Tn km rt nhiu dy dn .
- Thay th rt phc tp.
- Cn cng nhn sa cha tay ngh cao.
- Cng sut tiu th ln .
- Thi gian sa cha lu.
- Kh cp nht s nn gy kh khn cho cng tc bo tr cng nh thay
th.
Tm li: nhng h thng relay c iu khin ng ngt mt thit b sau khi thc thi
tc v theo mt khong thi gian xc nh, chng ta hay dng cc b Timer Controller,
khi m cc s kin, sn phm, chng ta dng cc b Counter Controller c th l
bng s c kh hay hin th bng Led 7 on, LCD cc gi tr ci t c thao tc
trn cc b controller ny, nhng vn s bt u phc tp dn khi trong h thng cn
nhiu b timer hay counter ring l nhng phi phi hp c h thng trong mt tc v
lin tc v khng c tnh lp li, lc ny t iu khin ca ta bt u qu ti v s lng
controller, dy ni iu khin, cable ngun bt u tng ln v khi h thng cn s thay
i cc tham s trong qu trnh iu khin chng ta s tn rt nhiu cng sc ln lt
thit lp tng b Timer hay Counter. Qu phc tp. Chng ta cha tnh n kh nng lo
ho cc thit b, tnh chnh xc s t t km i theo thi gian, cha tnh n kh nng h
hng tc thi ca s lng thit b ny s tiu tn ca chng ta kh nhiu tin chi cho
vic chun on v thay th v chng ta cn cha tnh n s thi gian v ch khi ngng
h thng khng vn hnh sn xut c, c l cc s kin nu trn hon ton ng vi
cng thc: Xc sut ca s ln hng hc s tng t l thun vi tng s cc thit b c
tham gia trong qu trnh iu khin.
c im h thng iu khin dng PLC
S ra i ca h iu khin PLC lm thay i hn h thng iu khin cng nh cc
quan nim thit k v chng, h iu khin dng PLC c nhiu u im nh sau:
- Gim 80% s lng dy ni.
- Cng sut tiu th ca PLC rt thp .

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- C chc nng t chun on do gip cho cng tc sa cha c nhanh chng v

d dng.
- Chc nng iu khin thay i d dng bng thit b lp trnh (my tnh, mn hnh) m
khng cn thay i phn cng nu khng c yu cu thm bt cc thit b vo, ra.
- S lng rle v timer t hn nhiu so vi h iu khin c in.
- S lng tip im trong chng trnh s dng khng hn ch.
- Thi gian hon thnh mt chu trnh iu khin rt nhanh (vi ms) dn n tng cao tc
sn xut .
- Chng trnh iu khin c th in ra giy ch trong vi pht gip thun tin cho vn
bo tr v sa cha h thng.
- Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hc.
- Gn nh, d dng bo qun, sa cha.
- Dung lng b nh ln c th cha c nhng chng trnh phc tp.
- Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip.
- Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh khc nh: my tnh, ni mng, cc Modul
m rng.
- tin cy cao, kch thc nh.
- Gi c c th cnh tranh c.
c trng ca PLC l kh nng c th lp trnh c, ch s IP di quy nh cho php
PLC hot ng trong mi trng khc nghit cng nghip, yu t bn vng thch nghi,
tin cy, t l h hng rt thp, thay th v hiu chnh chng trnh d dng, kh nng
nng cp cc thit b ngoi vi hay m rng s lng u vo nhp v u ra xut c
p ng tu nghi trong kh nng trn c th xem l cc tiu ch u tin cho chng ta
khi ngh n thit k phn iu khin trung tm cho mt h thng hot ng t ng.

ng dng ca PLC trong cng nghip

T cc u im nu trn, hin nay PLC c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc khc
nhau trong cng nghip nh:
- H thng nng vn chuyn.
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- Dy chuyn ng gi.
- Cc robot lp gip sn phm .
- iu khin bm.
- Dy chuyn x l ho hc.
- Cng ngh sn xut giy .
- Dy chuyn sn xut thu tinh.
- Sn xut xi mng.
- Cng ngh ch bin thc phm.
- Dy chuyn ch to linh kin bn dn.
- Dy chuyn lp gip Tivi.
- iu khin h thng n giao thng.
- Qun l t ng bi u xe.
- H thng bo ng.
- Dy chuyn may cng nghip.
- iu khin thang my.
- Dy chuyn sn xut xe t.
- Sn xut vi mch.
- Kim tra qu trnh sn xut .

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Phn loi
V hnh dng
C hai kiu c cu thng dng vi cc h thng PLC l kiu hp n v kiu modul ni
ghp. Kiu hp n thng c s dng cho cc thit b iu khin lp trnh c nh v
c cung cp di dng nguyn chic hon chnh.
Kiu modul ghp ni: gm nhiu modul ring cho b ngun, CPU, cng vo/ra.... c
lp trn thanh ray. Kiu ny c th s dng cho cc thit b lp trnh mi kch c.

V s lng cc u vo/ra
Cn c vo s lng cc u vo/ ra, ta c th phn PLC thnh bn loi sau:
- Micro PLC l loi c di 32 knh vo/ ra
- PLC nh c n 256 knh vo/ ra
- PLC trung bnh c n 1024 knh vo/ ra
- PLC c ln c trn 1024 knh vo/ra.

Cc micro PLC thng c t hn 32 u vo/ra. Trn hnh 1.2 l v d v micro PLC

h T100MD-1616 do hng Triangle Research International sn xut. Cu to tng i
n gin v ton b cc b phn c tch hp trn mt bng mch c kch thc nh
gn. Micro PLC c cu to gm tt c cc b phn nh b x l tn hiu, b ngun,
cc knh vo/ra trong mt khi. Cc Micro PLC c u im hn cc PLC nh l gi
thnh r, d lp t.
Mt loi micro PLC khc l DL05 ca hng Koyo, loi ny c 30 knh vo/ ra
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Mt loi micro-PLC khc l loi x ri 90 ca Fanuc. Loi ny c 8 knh vo v 8 knh

ra.

PLC loi nh c th c n 256 u vo/ra. Trn hnh 1.5 l PLC ca hng OMRON
loi ZEN 10C. Loi PLC ny c 34 knh vo/ ra gm: 6 knh vo v 4 knh ra trn
m un CPU, cn li 3 m un vo/ ra, vi 4 knh vo v 4 knh ra cho mi m un.

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Hng Siemens c cc PLC loi nh nh S5-90U, S5-95U, S5-100U (hnh 1.6), S7 200
l cc loi PLC loi nh, c s lng knh vo/ ra nh hn 256. Cu to ca cc PLC
loi nh cng tng t nh cu to ca cc PLC loi trung bnh, v u l dng m un.
im khc bit l dung lng b nh, s lng knh vo/ ra ca cc m un khc nhau
v ln v tc x l thng tin cng khc nhau. PLC ca Siemens c dng rng
ri trong hu ht cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin.

Cc PLC trung bnh c th c dn 1024 u vo/ra. Loi CJ1M ca Omron trn hnh 1.8
c 320 knh vo/ ra.

Loi PLC CQM1 hay CQMIH ca Omron trn hnh c 512 knh vo ra

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Hng Siemens c mt s x ri S7-200 l ccloi PLC hng trung bnh. S lng knh
vo/ra ca S-300 c th trong khong t 256 n 1024.
Cc PLC loi ln c nhiu hn 1024 u vo/ra. Loi ny c tc x l rt cao, dung
lng b nh ln v thng c dng trong iu khin cc h thng thit b cng ngh
phc tp. Hng Omron c PLC loai CJ1 trn hnh 1.10, l loi c ti 1280 knh vo/ ra
v loi CJ1H c ti 2560 knh vo/ra.

Hng Omron cn c loai CS1 trn hnh, l loi PLC c ln vi 5120 knh vo/ ra

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Cc PLC loi ln ca Siemens l cc loi x ri S7-300, S7-400. Cc loi ny c s lng

knh vo/ ra rt ln. Cc knh ny khng th u trc tip ln PLC m phi thng qua
cc b dn knh v tch knh ( demultiplexeur v multiplexeur). Trn hnh 1.12 l PLC
S7400 ca Siemens. y l loi PLC mnh nht ca Siemens hin nay. Cu hnh ca
PLC ny c biu din bng hnh. Cc PLC trung bnh v ln c cc m un vo/ra c
th lp rp vi nhau trn cng mt gi tiu chun, cho php lp thm hoc tho bt ra
m khng cn tt ngun. Cc PLC c kt ni vi nhau thng qua mng ETHERNET
cng nghip

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Hnh 1.13a.Cu trc ca S7-400

Hnh 1.14. S kt ni mng ca S7-400 trong cng nghip

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Cc PLC loi ln thng dng iu khin mc cao. mc thp thng l cc thit

b iu khin tng t, hay thit b iu khin s vi cc PLC loi nh, hay loi trung
bnh. mc thp, ch yu l cc thit b iu khin trc tip cc thit b cng ngh, cc
c cu chp hnh, cc ng c, bm, van, cun ht, n hiu vv. iu khin mc cao
bao gm cc iu khin lin quan n phn qun l h thng v qun l d liu ca h
thng iu khin. mc ny, cc d liu c th c thu thp t cc cc thit b iu
khin mc thp hoc t bn ngoi h thng thng qua mng ni b v mng Internet.
Cc d liu t cc PLC c truyn v cc my tnh trung tm lu tr v x l.
Trng hp cc h thng sn xut t ng c iu khin bng thng k, y chnh l
iu khin mc cao, tng ng vi cu trc qun l ca h thng. Hot ng ca h
thng iu khin c iu chnh da theo kt qu phn tch, nh gi t cc d liu
thng k, nh vy gip cho vic sn xut lun dng ti u nht v hiu qu nht. PLC
S7-400 ca Siemens l mt trong nhng loi PLC ln v rt mnh trong cc h thng
iu khin sn xut qui m nh cc nh my cng nghip. Loi PLC ny c th kt ni
trc tip qua mng Ethernet cng nghip vi cc thit b iu khin mc cao hn trao
i d liu hoc thng cc cc cc knh giao din khc nh MPI , PROFIBUS, EIB hay
giao din AS thu thp d liu v iu khin nh hnh 1.14.

V hng sn xut v sn phm

C nhiu hng sn xut PLC. Chng ta chn 4 hng tiu biu gm: Mitsubishi, Omron,
Siemens, Telemecanique.
CP1L - Th h Micro PLC mi cho tng lai
Ti a 160 I/O, RS-232 / 485 / 422
- Kt ni vi mun m rng CPM1
- B nh 5/10Kstep, c memory unit ngoi
- Lp trnh cng USB bng CX-P V7.1
- Chy m phng bng CX-Simulator

CPM1A, CPM2A - Loi Micro PLC thng dng

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CP1H - Loi Compact PLC cao cp (All-In-One)

PLC c va CJ1M

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Cch th hin cc dng lnh v nguyn tc gi v thc thi chng trnh cng nh cc
cng c dng g ri khi tho chng rt ging nhau c php v cch th hin.
Trn nn tng ph hp cc ng dng, tnh kinh t, tnh cnh tranh, cc nh sn xut PLC
gii thiu kh nhiu dng sn phm ph hp trong dy sn phm ca mnh, cc sn
phm c ng dng n gin nh (Logo-Siemens, Alpha-Mitsubishi, Zen-Omron, SmartTelemecanique).
Chng ta s quan tm ti cc h PLC c i ch vo/ra trn di 512 I/O (512 input/
output) b nh chng trnh tng n 32KB hoc 64KB Step v cc thnh phn ngoi vi
kt ni thm c th iu khin trong cc h thng t ng va v nh, n l, gn nh
p ng hu ht cc yu cu iu khin theo ca cc nh thit k.
Mitsubishi: (Software m t GX-Developer V8.0Up) h Fx-xx ca hng tun th quy
c gn a ch mang tnh k tha v pht trin trong tng lai (ch ni v cc a ch
cho cc cng vo/ra, v cc ng vo v ra ny s c ni trc tip vi cc thit b ra
lnh v chp hnh bn ngoi).
V d: dng Fx-xx c a ch ng vo InputDigital c gn theo nhm tng byte, bt
u l byte 0 tng ng chng ta c cc a ch: X000 n X007 (8 bit = 1 byte) hay cn
gi l h c s 8.
Nh vy, nhm byte th 2 tip theo quy c gn a ch s bt u bng X010 n
X017 a ch ng ra c gn k hiu Y v bt u t Y000 n Y007 tun th tng t
nh cch gn ng vo X
Cc a ch c gn theo quy c trn ch bao gm trong dng sn phm PLC c seri
FX, cc dng sau t seri A, Q-A c nng cp ln nhm 2 byte nh vy a ch

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c gn lc ny s bt u bng X000 cho n X007, tun theo th t m ca h c

s 16
Tri qua hn 25 nm, t khi Mitsubishi Electric gii thiu PLC gn u tin trn th
trng chu Au. T Mitsubishi tr nn hng dn u th gii trong khu vc ny,
vi hn 6 triu trong s nhng s ci t b iu khin.
Vi nhng kch thc gn ca h v chi ph thp nhng b iu khin c m ra vin
cnh mi trong k thut t ng cng nghip. Nhiu ng dng cho t ng ha .
Lot FX3U m by gi ang c gii thiu l h PLCs gn v cng thnh cng ca
Mitsubishi Electric th h th ba.
Tnh tng thch - nh phm vi b cp in (tip in) rng ca h nhng b iu
khin FX c th c s dng khp th gii.
Tnh Ton cu - Nhng b iu khin MELSEC FX ph hp vi tt c cc tiu chun
cng nghip quc t chnh.

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FX1N kt hp nhng li ch ca mt b iu khin gn khng t vi nhng kh nng

m rng linh hot ca mt h iu khin m un. N c th c m rng cho ti 128
u vo v nhng u ra v vi mt phm vi ton din ca nhng m un chc nng
c bit. FX1N cng lm ni bt mt b iu khin nh v tng hp mnh.
Th truyn thng ca FX1N v nhng kh nng ni d liu lm cho n tr nn l tng
cho nhng ng dng ni kch thc phn cng b iu khin, nhng c tnh truyn
thng, nhng chc nng v tc x l c bit l mi th ph bnh.
Nhng u im ca lot FX1N:
- 14 ti 128 u vo v nhng u ra
- Tc x l cao
- Ample lp trnh dung lng nh (nhng bc 8,000) v nhng phm vi thit b
- Hp nht b iu khin nh v
- Ton din phm vi ca chc nng v nhng m un m rng c bit cho nhng yu
cu ring l
- Tch hp b iu khin PID
- Cung cp kt ni m nhng mng
- Tch hp ng h thi gian thc
- Giao din lp trnh thn thin vi n v lp trnh b phn mm ng dng hay cm tay
lp trnh trn nn Windows MS
S x l tn hiu tng t vi nhng b tip hp m rng chn

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The FX2N t nhng tiu chun trong khu vc k thut t ng cng nghip v l
mt trong nhng b iu khin tiu th- ln nht worldwide. N c nhiu c tnh bnh
thng c tm thy trong nhng b iu khin ln hn Ch dn FX2N lgc l mt
trong nhng h thng PLC gn nhanh nht sn c. N c nhng kh nng truyn thng
v mt phm vi rng ca s m rng rng ln v nhng m un chc nng c bit sn
c cho cu hnh ca nhng h thng chnh xc.

Hng Siemens (c)

PAC Sn phm tch hp gia PLC v WinCC lp trnh iu khin v m phng h

thng iu khin t ng

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Cu trc phn cng PLC S7-300

H thng Module
PLC S7-300 cu trc dng module gm cc thnh phn sau:
CPU cc loi khc nhau: 312IFM, 312C, 313, 313C, 314, 314IFM, 314C, 315,
315-2 DP, 316-2 DP, 318-2,
Module tn hiu SM xut nhp tn hiu tng ng /s: SM321, SM322,
SM323, SM331, SM332,SM334, SM338, SM374
Module chc nng FM
Module truyn thng CP
Module ngun PS307 cp ngun 24VDC cho cc module khc, dng 2A, 5A,
10A
Module ghp ni IM: IM360, IM361, IM365
Cc module c gn trn thanh ry nh hnh di, ti a 8 module SM/FM/CP bn
phi CPU, to thnh mt rack, kt ni vi nhau qua bus connector gn mt sau ca
module . Mi module c gn mt s slot tnh t tri sang phi, module ngun l slot
1, module CPU slot 2, module k mang s 4

Nu c nhiu module th b tr thnh nhiu rack (tr CPU312IFM v CPU313 ch c

mt rack), CPU rack 0, slot 2, k l module pht IM360, slot 3, c nhim v kt
ni rack 0 vi cc rack 1, 2, 3, trn mi rack ny c module kt ni thu IM361, bn phi
mi module IM l cc module SM/FM/CP. Cp ni hai module IM di ti a 10m. Cc
module c nh s theo slot v dng lm c s t a ch u cho cc module ng
vo ra tn hiu. i vi CPU 315-2DP, 316-2DP, 318-2 c th gn a ch ty cho cc
module.

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Mi a ch tng ng vi mt byte. Vi cc module s a ch mt ng vo hay ra l

x.y, x l a ch byte, y c gi tr t 0 n 7. V d module SM321 DI 32 c 32 ng vo
gn k CPU slot 4 c a ch l I0.y, I1.y, I2.y, I3.y, I l k hiu ch ng vo s. Module
analog c a ch theo word, v d module SM332 AO4 c 4 ng ra analog gn slot
5 rack 1 c a ch PQW400, PQW402, PQW404, PQW406, ng ra s c k hiu l Q
cn ng vo analog k hiu l PIW.
Cc CPU 312IFM, 314 IFM, 31xC c tch hp sn mt s module m rng
CPU 312IFM, 312C: 10 ng vo s a ch I124.0 I124.7, I125.1; 6 ng ra s
Q124.0Q124.5.
CPU 313C: 24 DI I124.0..126.7, 16DO Q124.0..125.7, 5 ng vo tng ng
AI a ch 752..761, hai ng ra AO 752..755
CPU 314IFM: 20 ng vo s I124.0 I126.3; 16 ng ra s Q124.0 Q125.7;
4 ng vo tng ng PIW128, PIW130, PIW132, PIW134; mt ng ra tng
ng PQW128.

Module CPU
Cc module CPU khc nhau theo hnh dng chc nng, vn tc x l lnh. Loi 312IFM,
314IFM khng c th nh. Loi 312IFM, 313 khng c pin nui. Loi 315-2DP,
316-2DP, 318-2 c cng truyn thng DP. Cc n bo c ngha sau:
- SF ... () ... li phn cng hay mm,
- BATF ... () ... li ngun nui,
- DC5V ... (l cy) ... ngun 5V bnh thng,
- FRCE ... (vng ) ... force request tch cc
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- RUN ... (l cy) ... CPU mode RUN ; LED chp lc start-up w. 1 Hz; mode HALT w.
0.5 Hz
- STOP mode ... (vng) ... CPU mode STOP hay HALT hay start-up; LED chp khi
memory reset request
- BUSF ... () ... li phn cng hay phn mm giao din PROFIBUS
Kha mode c 4 v tr:
- RUN-P ch lp trnh v chy
- RUN ch chy chng trnh
- STOP ngng chy chng trnh
- MRES reset b nh
Th nh c th c dung lng t 16KB n 4MB, cha chng trnh t PLC chuyn
qua v chuyn chng trnh ngc tr li cho CPU.
Pin nui gip nui chng trnh v d liu khi b mt ngun (ti a 1 nm), ngoi ra
cn nui ng h thi gian thc. Vi loi CPU khng c pin nui thi cng c mt phn
vng nh c duy tr.
Thng qua cng truyn thng MPI (MultiPoint Interface) c th ni : my tnh lp
trnh, mn hnh OP (Operator panel) , cc PLC c cng MPI (S7-300, M7-300, S7-400,
M7-400, C7-6xx), S7-200, vn tc truyn n 187.5kbps (12Mbps vi CPU 318-2, 10.2
kbps vi S7-200) . Cng Profibus DP ni cc thit b trn theo mng Profibus vi vn
tc truyn ln n 12Mbps.

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* Cc vng nh ca PLC
Vng nh chng trnh (load memory) cha chng trnh ngi dng (khng cha
a ch k hiu v ch thch) c th l RAM hay EEPROM trong CPU hay trn trn th
nh.
Vng nh lm vic (working memory) l RAM, cha chng trnh do vng nh
chng trnh chuyn qua; ch cc phn chng trnh cn thit mi c chuyn qua,
phn no khng cn li vng nh chng trnh , v d block header, data block
Vng nh h thng (system memory) phc v cho chng trnh ngi dng, bao gm
timer , counter, vng nh d liu M, b nh m xut nhp
Trn CPU 312IFM v 314 IFM vng nh chng trnh l RAM v EEPROM; cc CPU
khc c pin nui, vng nh chng trnh l RAM v th nh. Khi mt ngun hay ch
MRES ( reset b nh) RAM s b xa. Mt s vng nh ca RAM ( timer, counter,
vng nh M, khi d liu..) c th khai bo l lu gi (retentive) bng phn mm S7
chuyn cc vng ny sang b nh lu gi (NVRAM non volative ) d khng c pin
nui, kch thc c th ty loi CPU.
Bng sau cho mt s thng s chnh ca cc CPU

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32/130

Module ngun nui (PS)

Module ngun nui. C 3 loi:2A, 5A, 10A.

Module m rng cng tn hiu vo/ra (SM)

Module vo s c cc loi sau:

SM 321; DI 32 _ 24 VDC
SM 321; DI 16 _ 24 VDC
SM 321; DI 16 _ 120 VAC, 4*4 nhm
SM 321; DI 8 _ 120/230 VAC, 2*4 nhm
SM 321; DI 32 _ 120 VAC 8*4 nhm

Module ra s:

SM 322; DO 32 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A, 8*4 nhm

SM 322; DO 16 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A, 8*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 24 VDC/2 A, 4*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 16 _ 120 VAC/1 A, 8*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 120/230 VAC/2 A, 4*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 32_ 120 VAC/1.0 A, 8*4 nhm
SM 322; DO 16 _ 120 VAC ReLay, 8*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 230 VAC Relay, 4*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 230 VAC/5A Relay,1*8 nhm

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Module vo/ ra
SM 323; DI 16/DO 16 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A
SM 323; DI 8/DO 8 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A

Module Analog in
Module analog in c nhiu ng vo, dng o in p, dng in, in tr ba dy, bn
dy, nhit . C nhiu tm o, phn gii, thi gian chuyn i khc nhau. Ci t
thng s hot ng cho module bng phn mm S7- Simatic 300 Station Hardware
v/hoc chng trnh ngi dng s dng hm SFC 55, 56, 57 ph hp (xem mc ) v/
hoc ci t nh modulle tm o (measuring range module) gn trn module SM. Kt
qu chuyn i l s nh phn ph hai vi bit MSB l bit du.

SM331 AI 2*12 : module chuyn i hai knh vi sai p hoc dng, hoc mt knh in
tr 2/3/4 dy, dng phng php tch phn, thi gian chuyn i t 5ms n 100ms,
phn gii 9, 12, 14 bit + du, cc tm o nh sau: 80 mV; 250 mV; 500 mV; 1000
mV; 2.5 V; 5 V;1 .. 5 V; 10 V; 3.2 mA; 10 mA; 20 mA; 0 .. 20 mA; 4 ..20
mA. in tr 150 ?; 300 ?; 600 ?; o nhiy dng cp nhit E, N, J, K, L, nhit k
in tr Pt 100, Ni 100. Cc thng s mc nh c ci sn trn module, kt hp vi
t v tr ca module tm o (bn v tr A, B, C, D) nu khng cn thay i th c th s
dng ngay

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35/130

 SM331, AI 8*12bit , 8 knh vi sai chia lm hai nhm, phn gii 9 (12, 14 )
bit + du
SM331, AI 8*16bit , 8 knh vi sai chia lm 2 nhm , phn gii 15 bit + du
Module Analog Out:
Cung cp p hay dng ph thuc s nh phn ph hai
- SM332 AO 4*12 bit: 4 ng ra dng hay p phn gii 12 bit, thi gian chuyn i
0.8 ms .
- SM332 AO 2*12 bit
- SM332 AO 4*16 bit
Module Analog In/Out
- SM 334; AI 4/AO 2 * 8 Bit
- SM334; AI 4/AO 2* 12 Bit

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Module ghp ni (IM)

Module IM360 gn rack 0 k CPU dng ghp ni vi module IM361 t cc rack
1, 2, 3 gip kt ni cc module m rng vi CPU khi s module ln hn 8. Cp ni gia
hai rack l loi 368. Trong trng hp ch c hai rack, ta dng loi IM365.

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Module c chc nng iu khin ring (FM)

FM350-1 : m xung mt knh
FM350-2 : m xung tm knh
FM351, 353, 354, 357-2 : iu khin
nh v
FM352: b iu khin cam in t
FM355: b iu khin h kn

Module phc v truyn thng (CM)

Module phc v truyn thng trong mng gia cc PLC vi nhau hoc gia PLC vi
my tnh

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Cu trc b nh
Kiu d liu

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Vng nh d liu, i tng v cch truy cp

PLC thng yu cu b nh trong cc trng hp: Lm b nh thi cho cc knh trng
thi I/O. Lm b m trng thi cc chc nng trong PLC nh nh thi, m, ghi cc
Relay.
Mi lnh ca chng trnh c mt v tr ring trong b nh, tt c mi v tr trong b nh
u c nh s, nhng s ny chnh l a ch trong b nh. a ch ca tng nh s
c tr n bi mt b m a ch bn trong b vi x l. B vi x l s gi tr trong
b m ny ln mt trc khi x l lnh tip theo. Vi mt a ch mi, ni dung ca
nh tng ng s xut hin u ra, qu trnh ny c gi l qu trnh c.
B nh bn trong PLC c to bi cc vi mch bn dn, mi vi mch ny c kh nng
cha 2000 - 16000 dng lnh , ty theo loi vi mch. Trong PLC cc b nh nh RAM,
EPROM u c s dng.
+ RAM (Random Access Memory) c th np chng trnh, thay i hay xa b ni
dung bt k lc no. Ni dung ca RAM s b mt nu ngun in nui b mt. trnh
tnh trng ny cc PLC u c trang b mt pin kh, c kh nng cung cp nng lng
d tr cho RAM t vi thng n vi nm. Trong thc t RAM c dng khi to
v kim tra chng trnh. Khuynh hng hin nay dng CMOS RAM nh kh nng tiu
th thp v tui th ln.

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+ EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory) l b nh m ngi s

dng bnh thng ch c th c ch khng ghi ni dung vo c. Ni dung ca
EPROM khng b mt khi mt ngun, n c gn sn trong my, c nh sn xut
np v cha h iu hnh sn. Nu ngi s dng khng mun m rng b nh th ch
dng thm EPROM gn bn trong PLC. Trn PG (Programer) c sn ch ghi v xa
EPROM.
+ EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) lin kt vi
nhng truy xut linh ng ca RAM v c tnh n nh. Ni dung ca n c th c
xa v lp trnh bng in, tuy nhin s ln l c gii hn. Mi trng ghi d liu th
t l a cng hoc a mm, c s dng trong my lp trnh. a cng hoc a mm
c dung lng ln nn thng c dng lu nhng chng trnh ln trong mt thi
gian di.
* Kch thc b nh:
- Cc PLC loi nh c th cha t 300 -1000 dng lnh ty vo cng ngh ch to.
- Cc PLC loi ln c kch thc t 1K - 16K, c kh nng cha t 2000 -16000 dng
lnh. Ngoi ra cn cho php gn thm b nh m rng nh RAM, EPROM.
Cu trc b nh:
B nh gm 48KB RAM, 48KB ROM, khng c kh nng m rng v tc x l gn
0.3ms trn 1000 lnh nh phn, b nh c chia trn cc vng:
+ Vng cha chng trnh ng dng:
- OBx (Organisation block): Min cha chng trnh t chc, trong :
- Khi OB1: Khi t chc chnh, mc nh, thc thi lp vng. N c bt u khi qu
trnh khi ng hon thnh v bt u tr li khi n kt thc.
- Khi OB10 (Time of day interrupt): c thc hin khi c tn hiu ngt thi gian.
- Khi OB20 (Time delay interrupt): c thc hin sau 1 khong thi gian t trc.
- Khi OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): khi ngt theo chu k nh trc
- Khi OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): c thc hin khi tn hiu ngt cng xut hin
ng vo I124.0 I124.3
- FC (Function): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc thnh hm c bin hnh thc
trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi n, c phn bit bi cc s nguyn. V d:
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FC1, FC7, FC30ngoi ra cn c cc hm SFC l cc hm c tch hp sn trong h

iu hnh.
- FB (Function Block): tng t nh FC, FB cn phi xy dng 1khi d liu ring gi
l DB (Data Block) v cng c cc hm SFB l cc hm tch hp sn trong h iu hnh.
+ Vng cha cc tham s h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng:
- I (Process image input): Min b m d liu cc ng vo s. Trc khi bt u thc
hin chng trnh, PLC s c tt c gi tr logic ca cc cng vo ri ct gi chng
trong vng I. khi thc hin chng trnh CPU s s dng cc gi tr trong vng I m
khng c trc tip t ng vo s.
- Q (Process image output): tng t vng I, min Q l b m d liu cng ra s. Khi
kt thc chng trnh, PLC s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc cng ra s.
- M (Memory): Min cc bin c. Do vng nh ny khng mt sau mi chu k qut nn
chng trng ng dng s s dng vng nh ny lu gi cc tham s cn thit. C
th truy nhp n theo bit (M), byte (MB), theo t (MW) hay t kp (MD).
- T (Timer): Min nh phc v b thi gian bao gm vic lu tr cc gi tr t trc
(PV-Preset Value), cc gi tr tc thi (CV-Current Value) cng nh cc gi tr logic
u ra ca Timer.
- C (Counter): Min nh phc v b m bao gm vic lu gi cc gi tr t trc (PVPreset Value), cc gi tr tc thi (CV-Current Value) cng nh cc gi tr logic u ra
ca Counter.
- PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc module tng t (I/O External input). Cc gi tr
tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng theo
nhng a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PI theo tng byte (PIB),
tng t (PIW) hoc theo tng t kp (PID).
- PQ: Min a ch cng ra ca cc module tng t (I/O External output). Cc gi tr
tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng
theo nhng a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PI theo tng byte
(PQB), tng t (PQW) hoc theo tng t kp (PQD).
+ Vng cha cc khi d liu, c chia thnh 2 loi:
DB (Data block): Min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh khi. Kch thc
hay s lng khi do ngi s dng qui nh. C th truy nhp min ny theo
tng bit (DBX), byte( DBB), tng t (DBW), t kp (DBD).

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 L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng, c cc khi chng trnh

OB, FC, FB t chc v s dngcho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao i d liu
ca bin hnh thc vi nhng khi gi n. Ton b vng nh s b xo sau
khi khi thc hin xong. C th truy nhp theo tng bit (L), byte (LB), t LW),
hoc t kp (LD).
Kch thc cc vng nh ty thuc vo tng loi PLC

Phng php truy cp vng nh:

a ch nh trong PLC S7-300 bao gm hai thnh phn: phn ch v phn s.
V d:

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Truy nhp theo byte: Bao gm cc kiu Byte (1 byte), Word (2 byte), Double word (4
byte)
Quy cch: Tn vng nh, kch thc, a ch byte u tin
Vng nh cc u vo I:
- Ti thi im u tin mi vng qut PLC ly tn hiu t cc u vo v ghi cc gi tr
tng ng vo vng nh u vo.
- Truy nhp: Kiu: Bit I[a ch byte].[a ch bit] I0.1
Byte, word, Double word I[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: IB4, IW1, ID2
Vng nh cc u ra Q:
- Trong qu trnh thc hin cc cng vic trong mt vng qut (bao gm c chng trnh
iu khin), PLC s ghi cc gi tr tng ng ca cc vo vng nh ny, cui vng qut
PLC s gi cc gi tr ny n cc u ra tng ng.
- Truy nhp: Kiu: Bit Q[a ch byte].[a ch bit] Q0.0
Byte, word, Double word Q[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: QB2, QW1, QD4
Vng nh M:
- Cc nh thuc vng nh (M) dng lu tr trng thi ca qu trnh hot ng hoc
cc thng tin iu khin khc.
- Truy nhp:Kiu: Bit M[a ch byte].[a ch bit] M10.1
Byte, Word, Double word M[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]

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V d: MB20, MW8, MD6

Vng nh thi gian T
- Mi b thi gian c hai gi tr c lu tr trong vng nh T: Gi tr m thi gian
hin ti (16 bit), v gi tr bit timer (1 bit).
- Truy nhp: T [s th t b timer] T3
Vng nh b m C:
- Mi b m c hai gi tr c lu tr trong vng nh C: Gi tr m hin ti (kiu
BDC, 12 bit), v gi tr bit counter (1 bit).
- Truy nhp: C [s th t b timer] C1
Vng nh cc u vo, u ra Analog AI, AQ:
- PLC chuyn i mt gi tr in p (hoc dng in) thnh mt s nh phn (12 bit)
lu tr trong vng nh analog (hoc ngc li).
- Cch truy nhp vi tn hiu vo: PI[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: Truy nhp: Kiu: Byte, Word, Double word
PIB20, PIW8, PID6
- Cch truy nhp vi tn hiu ra: PQ[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: Truy nhp: Kiu: Byte, Word, Double word
PQB20, PQW8, PQD6
Vng nh ca cc khi d liu DB:
- M khi d liu DB hoc DI bng lnh OPN
V d: OPN DB 1 // M khi d liu DB (Open data Block)
Hoc OPN DI 1 // M khi d liu DI (Open instance data Block)
- M mt bt trong khi d liu DBX
V d: A DB3.DB 0.5 // m bit s 5 ca byte 0 trong khi d liu DB3

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- M mt Byte, mt WORD hoc mt mt DW trong khi d liu DBx

V d: L DB3. DBB2 // ch ti Byte 2 trong khi d liu DB3
L DB3. DBW2 // ch ti WORD 2 trong khi d liu DB3
L DB. DBD2 // ch ti DWORD 2 trong khi d liu DB3
Vng nh trong cc khi chng trnh OB, FBx v FCx
- Ch 1 bit
V d: A L0.2// ch bt s 2 ca Byte 0 trong min d liu a phng
- Ch mt Byte, Word hoc DW
V d: L LB0 // ch byte 0 trong min d liu a phng
L LW0 // ch Word 0 trong min d liu a phng
L LD0 // ch DWord 0 trong min d liu a phng

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Chng 2 : Ngn ng lp trnh v ng dng

Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh
Lp trnh cho S7 v cc PLC khc ca hng Siemens da trn 3 phng php c bn:
- Phng php hnh thang (Ladder logic - LAD).
- Phng php khi hm (Function Block Diagram - FBD).
- Phng php lit k cu lnh (Statement List - STL).
Chng ny s gii thiu cc thnh phn c bn ca ba phng php v cch s dng
chng trong lp trnh.
Nu chng trnh c vit theo ngn ng LAD (hoc FBD) th c th chyn sang
ngn ng STL hay FBD (hoc LAD) tng ng. Nhng khng phi bt c chng trnh
vit theo STL no cng chuyn sang ngn ng LAD hay FBD c. B tp lnh STL
c trnh by trong gio n ny u c mt chc nng nh cc tip im, cun dy, cc
hp (trong LAD) hay IC s trong FBD.
Nhng lnh ny phi phi hp c trng thi cc tip im quyt nh v gi tr
trng thi u ra hoc gi tr logic cho php hoc khng cho php thc chc nng ca
mt (hay nhiu) cun dy hoc hp. Trong lp trnh lgic thng hay s dng hai ngn
ng LAD v STL v n gn gi hn i vi chuyn ngnh in. Sau y l nhng nh
ngha cn phi nm khi bt tay vo thit k mt chng trnh:

Ngn ng bng lnh (STL)

Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement List). y l ngn ng lp trnh thng
thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu lnh theo mt thut ton
nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung l: "tn lnh" + "ton
hng". Mt s lnh c bit th c th ch c tn lnh m khng cn ton hng.
V d:

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Ngn ng s thang (LAD)

Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD (Ladder Logic) Vi loi ngn ng ny rt thch
hp vi ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic. Chng trnh c vit di dng
lin kt gia cc cng tc:
V d:

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Chu trnh lm vic, lp trnh v cu trc chng trnh

Cc phng php lp trnh
Lp trnh tuyn tnh
Phn b nh ca CPU dnh cho chng trnh ng dng c tn gi l logic Block. Nh
vy logic block l tn chung gi tt c cc khi bao gm nhng khi chng trnh t
chc OB, khi chng trnh FC, khi hm FB.
Trong cc loi khi chng trnh th ch c khi duy nht khi OB1 c thc hin
trc tip theo vng qut. N c h iu hnh gi theo chu k lp vi khng thi gian
khng cch u nhau m ph thuc vo di ca chng trnh. Cc loi khi chng
trnh khc khng tham gia vo vng qut.
Vi t chc chng trnh nh vy th phn chng trnh trong khi OB1 c y iu
kin ca mt chng trnh iu khin thi gian thc v ton b chng trnh ng dng
c th ch cn vit trong OB1 l nh hnh v sau.
Cch t chc chng trnh vi ch mt khi OB1 duy nht nh vy c gi l lp trnh
tuyn tnh.

Khi OB1 c h thng gi xoay vng lin tc theo vng qut.

Cc khi OB khc khng tham gia vo vng qut c gi bng nhng tn hiu bo
ngt. S7-300 c nhiu tn hiu bo ngt nh tn hiu bo ngt khi c s c ngun nui,
c s c chp mch cc modul m rng, tn hiu bo ngt theo chu k thi gian, v
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mi loi tn hiu bo ngt nh vy cng ch c kh nng gi mt khi OB nht nh. V

d tn hiu bo ngt s c ngun nui ch gi khi OB81, tn hiu bo ngt truyn thng
ch gi khi OB87.
Mi khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt h thng s dng cng vic ang thc hin li, chng
hn nh tm dng vic thc hin chng trnh trong OB1, v chuyn sang thc hin
chng trnh x l ngt tong cc khi OB tng ng. V d khi ang thc hin chng
trnh trong khi OB1 m xut hin ngt bo s c truyn thng, h thng s tm dng
vic thc hin chng trnh trong OB1 li gi chng trnh trong khi truyn thng
OB87. Ch sau khi thc hin xong chng trnh trong khi OB87 th h thng mi
quay tr v thc hin tip tc phn chng trnh cn li trong OB1.
Lp trnh cu trc
Vi kiu lp trnh c cu trc th khc v ton b chng trnh iu khin c chia
nh thnh cc khi FC v FB mang mt nhim v c th ring v c qun l chung
bi nhng khi OB. Kiu lp trnh ny rt ph hp cho nhng bi ton phc tp, nhiu
nhim v v li rt thun li cho vic sa cha sau ny.

Khi OB (Organization Block): Khi t chc v qun l chng trnh iu

khin. C nhiu loi khi OB vi nhng chc nng khc nhau ,chng c
phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn i sau nhm k t OB.
V d: OB10, OB85, ...
Khi FC (Program Block): Khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring ging
nh 1 chng trnh con hoc mt hm ( chng trnh con c bin hnh thc).
Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FC v cc khi FC ny c
phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn sau nhm k t FC.
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V d: FC1,FC2.
Khi FB (Function Block): L loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i 1
lng d liu ln vi cc khi chng trnh khc .Cc d liu ny phhi c
t chc thnh khi d liu ring c tn gi l Data block.Mt chng trnh ng
dng c th c nhiu khi FB v cc khi Fb ny c phn bit vi nhau bng
mt s nguyn sau nhm k t FB. Chng hn nh FB1,FB2
Khi DB (Data Block): Khi cha cc d liu cn thit thc hin chng
trnh. Cc tham s ca khi do ngi dng t t .Mt chng trnh ng dng
c th c nhiu khi DB v cc khi DB ny c phn bit vi nhau bng mt
s nguyn sau nhm k t DB. V d: DB1,DB2,...
Chng trnh trong cc khi c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lnh gi khi, chuyn khi.
Xem nhng phn chng trnh trong cc khi nh l cc chng trnh con th S7_300
cho php gi chng trnh con lng nhau ,tc l chng trnh con ny gi mt chng
trnh con khc v t mt chng trnh con c gi li gi ti mt chng trnh con th
3, S cc lnh gi lng nhau ph thuc vo tng chng loi module CPU m ta ang
s dng. V d i vi module CPU 314 th s lnh gi lng nhau nhiu nht c th cho
php l 8.Nu s ln gi khi lng nhau m vt qu con s gii hn cho php ,PLC s
t chuyn qua ch Stop v t c bo li.
Cc khi OB c bit
Trong khi khi OB c thc hin u n tng vng qut trong giai on thc hin
chng trnh th cc khi OB khc ch c thc hin khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt
tng ng ,ni cch khc chng trnh vit cho cc khi OB ny chnh l chng trnh
x l tn hiu ngt (event).Chng bao gm:
OB10 ( Time of Day Interrupt):Chng trnh trong khi s c thc hin khi
gi tr ca ng h thi gian thc nm trong mt khong thi gian c quy
nh. OB10 c th gi mt ln ,nhiu ln cch u nhau tng pht, tng
gi,tng ngy .Vic quy nh khong thi gian hay s ln gi OB10 c
thc hin nh chng trnh h thng SFC28 hoc trong bng tham s ca
module CPU nh phn mm Step 7.
OB20 ( Time Day Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khi s c thc hin sau
mt khong thi gian tr t trc k t khi gi chng trnh h thng SFC32
t thi gian tr.
OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): Chng trnh trong OB35 s c thc hin cch u
nhau 1 khong thi gian c nh.Mc nh khong thi gian ny s l
100ms,xong ta c th thay i n trong bng tham s ca module CPU ,nh
phn mm Step7.

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 OB40 (Hardware Interrupt) : Chng trnh trong OB s c thc hin khi xut
hin 1 tn hiu bo ngt t ngoi vi a vo module CPU thng qua cc cng
vo ra s onboard c bit,hoc thng qua cc module SM,CP,FM OB80
(Cycle Time Fault): Chng trnh trong khi OB80 s c thc hin khi thi
gian vng qut(Scan time) vt qu khong thi gian cc i c quy nh
hoc khi c mt tn hiu ngt gi mt khi OB no m khi OB ny cha
kt thc ln gi trc.Mc nh thi gian Scan time cc i l 150ms ,nhng
c th thay i n thng qua bng tham s ca module CPU nh phn mm
Step 7.
OB81 (Power Supply fault): CPU s gi chng trnh trong khi OB81 khi
pht hin thy c li v ngun nui.
OB82( Diagnostic Interrupt):Chng trnh trong OB82 c gi khi CPU pht
hin s c t cc Modul vo ra
OB85( Not Load fault):Chng trnh trong OB82 c gi khi CPU pht hin
thy chng trnh ng dng c s dng ch ngt nhng chng trnh s l
tn hiu ngt li khng c trong khi OB tng ng.
OB87 ( Communication fault):Khi OB87 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li trong truyn thng v d nh khng c tn hiu tr li t cc i tc.
OB100 ( Start Up Information):Khi OB100 s c thc hin 1 ln khi CPU
chuyn trng thi Stop sang Run.
OB121 ( Synchronous error):Khi OB121 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li logic trong chng trnh nh i sai kiu d liu hoc li truy nhp khi DB
,FC,FB khng c trong b nh CPU.
OB122 ( Synchronous error):Khi OB122 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li truy cp module trong chng trnh,v d chng trnh c lnh truy nhp
module vo ra m rng nhng li khng tm thy module ny.
SFB: System Function block
SFC: System function
SDB: System Data Block
Ch : FB lun s dng chung vi DB

Chu trnh lm vic

PLC thc hin chng trnh theo mt chu trnh kn c lp li lin tc cho n khi no
c lnh dng. Mi vng lp hay cn gi l vng qut c bt u bng vic qut cc s
liu t cc knh vo/ra, chuyn cc s liu ny n vng nh m u vo/ra, tip theo
l bc thc hin cc lnh tip theo ca chng trnh nh thc hin cc php tnh logic,
cc php tnh s hc xc nh cc tc ng iu khin, bc k tip l chuyn d liu
t b nh m u ra n cc knh ra. Khi c mt lnh dng no xut hin th PLC
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s dng cc hot ng x l thng tin v truyn tin kim tra khi chng trnh tng
ng vi lnh ngt.

Vng qut cng t lnh dng th thc hin cng nhanh. Nu chng trnh hot ng bnh
thng th chu k ca mi vng qut c di nh nhau. Tc qut cng cao th c
th cho php nhp c nhiu s liu gn nh ng thi trong thi gian qut, v nh
vy kh nng iu khin c ng thi nhiu i lng l hon ton c th thc hin
c. Kh nng x l tn hiu trong mt chu trnh iu khin khng c hin tng tr
cn c gi l iu khin trong thi gian thc. Cc PLC v cc PC ngy nay c tc
x l rt cao nn cht lng ca cc h thng iu khin s khng km cht lng ca
cc h thng iu khin tng t. Chu k qut ca PLC thng vo khong t 1 n 25
mi li giy. Thi gian qut u vo v u ra tng i ngn so vi chu k qut ca PLC.
Phn ln thi gian dng cho vic tnh ton cc hm iu khin.
Thng thng chng trnh c np vo PLC bi b lp trnh cm tay, thit b lp trnh
chuyn dng hay my tnh c nhn. B lp trnh cm tay thng dng cho cc PLC r
tin, n gin. B lp trnh chuyn dng c trang b mn hnh v cc phm tng ng
vi cc phn t ca s thang tin cho vic lp trnh. Cc thit b ny cho php kim
tra vic thc hin cc lnh ca chng trnh trong thi gian thc. Ngy nay ta thng s
dng cc phn mm lp trnh cho PLC trn my tnh v sau khi chay th m phng c
th np vo PLC thng qua cng RS232.
B np EPROM cho php np chng trnh ghi trn EPROM vo b nh ca PLC. Thit
b m phng thng gn vi cc i t quang in LED hoc cc cang tc th nghim
cc bc ca chng trnh logic.
B x l ho thng dng lm giao din gia h thng m phng v h thng hin
th bng mn hnh.
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Cc PLC hot ng lin tc t lc c bt ln. Khc vi my tnh thng thng, PLC

khng cn c h iu hnh, khng cn c phn mm no ngoi phn mm ca ngi s
dng v ring i vi cc my CNC hoc r bt c th c thm phn mm ho dng
cho m phng cc qu trnh gia cng hay cc hot ng ca r bt . PLC ln lt c
cc u vo, thc hin tnh ton, xc nh cc tc ng iu khin, trun cc tc ng
iu khin n u ra v lp li. Kt ni vi m un vo l cc i lng vt l. Cc i
lng vo ny c th l c hai dng:
- Cc i lng tng t (analog): l cc i lng n t cc cm bin tng t.
- Cc i lng l gc: l cc i lng th hin cc trng thi hay cc iu kin thc
hin mt hm l gc hay chnh l cc quyt nh l gc. Cc i lng ny n t cc
cng tc, cm bin s.
Cc m un ra kt ni cc u ra vi cc ng c, cc cun ht, cc n tn hiu vv. Tc
ng ca chng trnh iu khin l cc thao tc khi ng ng c, dng ng c, bt/
tt n, kch hot mt c cu no vv.
Tt c cc PLC u thc hin cc chc nng iu khin v mt bn cht l ging nhau.
Tuy nhin v cch th bng lp trnh c th khc nhau, ph thuc vo nh sn xut PLC.
Mi u vo ca PLC c ni vi mt hay nhiu thit b m qua dng in b chn
li hay c cho i qua. Nu c in p trn u vo th u vo c c xem nh
ang trng thi bt. Ngc li nu khng c in p trn u vo, c ngha l u vo
ang trng thi tt.
PLC kim tra trng thi cc u vo v so snh vi chng trnh l gc ng hay ngt
tn hiu in p trn u ra. Cc PLC khng cn bit n cc cc thit b c c kt ni
vo n qua m un vo hay m un ra hay khng, m chng ch n gin l kim tra
cc trng thi ca cc u vo v bt hay tt cc u ra tng ng vi l gc ca chng
trnh iu khin.
Mi vng iu khin hon thnh c gi l mt chu k qut. Thi gian ca mt chu
k l rt quan trng, v n lin quan n s lng cc y ra c th iu khin c ca
PLC. Thi gian chu k cng nh PLC cng hoath ng nhanh, cng c th iu khin
c nhiu i lng vt l khc nhau. Chnh v vy PLC tr nn thit b iu khin l
tng cho cc my v thit b cng nghip.
Khi cha c chng trnh iu khin PLC khng th hot ng c. PLC ch hot ng
khi c chng trnh iu khin np vo b nh ca n. Chng trnh iu khin c
th np vo PLC bng 3 phng php khc nhau:
- Lp trnh nh cc phn mm lp trnh trn my tnh v np chng trnh ln PLC qua
cng RS232 hay qua cng kt ni vi mng LAN hay mng Internet. My tnh c nhn
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l phng tin lp trnh tt nht cho PLC, bi v chng ta c th quan st c nhiu

dng lnh trn mn hnh, son tho v truy cp vo chng trnh d dng. iu bt tin
l my tnh c nhn khng thch hp lm vi mi trng cng nghip v kh nng di
chuyn km.
- Lp trnh bng thit b lp trnh sch tay: lp trnh trc tip vo b nh ca PLC. Thit
b ny khng d s dng nh my tnh, nhng li tin cho vic mang i theo ngi. Lp
trnh c thc hin tng dng lnh tng ng vi tng bc ca s thang.
- Lp trnh trn my tnh, np ln th nh v sau np t th nh vo PLC qua cng
tiu chun. Cc th nh EEPROM l cc b nh ROM c th xo v lp trnh li c
bng in. u im ca EEPROM l n c th thay i chng trnh ca PLC bng
cch cm vo cng ca PLC.
Khi np chng trnh iu khin t PC n PLC, chng trnh c th chy c, n
phi c np vo b nh ca b x l. Khi np chng trnh trc tip t PC cn phI
ch cc thao tc sau:
1. Tt c cc phn t c lin quan n PLC phi c ngt in.
2. Ni PC vi PLC
3. Chuyn cng tc trn b x l sang ch iu khin t xa.
4. Bt cng tc ngun cp in vo PLC v cc b phn ca n.
5. Thc hin bc ti chng trnh iu khin t PC v PLC.
6. Khi vic ti chng trnh hon tt, chuyn sang ch gin tip, ngng kt ni vi
PC (stay offline). Lc ny PLC c th chy chng trnh mi np v.

55/130

Tp lnh PLC S7 - 300

Nhm lnh logic tip im
Hm AND: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C,
D, L

Tn hiu ra Q4.0 s bng 1 khi ng thi tn hiu I0.0=1 v I0.1=1.

D liu vo v ra :
Vo: I0.0, I0.1: BOOL
Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL
V d: Mt ng c ko bng ti hot ng khi n v gi ng thi hai nt n S1 v S2:

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Hm OR: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D,

L.

Tn hiu ra s bng 1 khi c t nht mt tn hiu u vo bng 1.

D liu vo v ra :
Vo: I0.0, I0.1: BOOL
Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL
V d: Mt bng n s sng nu nhn 1 trong hai cng tc S1 hoc S2

Hm NOT: Tn hiu u ra l nghch o ca tn hiu u vo

D liu vo ra

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Vo: I0.0: BOOL Ra: Q4.0: BOOL

Hm XOR: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C,

D, L.

Tn hiu u ra s bng 1 khi 2 tn hiu u vo nghch o nhau.

Lnh xo RESET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L.

Tn hiu ra Q4.0 s b xo khi tn hiu u vo I0.0 = 1.

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Lnh SET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L.

Tn hiu ra Q4.0 = 1 (Q4.0 s c thit lp ) khi I0.0 =1.

B nh RS: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L

Khi I0.0 = 1 v I0.1 = 0 Merker M0.0 b Reset v u ra Q4.0 l "0". Nu I0.0

= 0 v I0.1 = 1 th Set cho M0.0 v u ra Q4.0 l "1".
Khi c hai u vo Set v Reset cng ng thi =1 th M0.0 v Q4.0 c gi tr
l "1".

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B nh SR: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L

Khi I0.0 = 1 v I0.1 = 0 th Set cho Merker M0.0 v u ra Q4.0 l "1". Nu

I0.0 = 0 v I0.0 = 1 th M0.0 b Reset v u ra Q4.0 l "0".
Khi c hai u vo Set v Reset cng ng thi =1 th M0.0 v Q4.0 c gi tr
l "0".
Ch : Trong k thut s trng thi ca trig RS s b cm khi R=1 v S=1. Nn y
c hai loi b nh RS v SR l loi Trig u tin S hay u tin R

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B m (Counter)
Nguyn l hot ng
Counter thc hin chc nng m ti cc sn ln ca cc xung u vo. S7-300 c ti
a l 256 b m ph thuc vo tng loi CPU, k hiu bi Cx. Trong x l s nguyn
trong khong t 0 n 255. Trong S7-300 c 3 loi b m thng s dng nht l :
B m tin li (CUD), b m tin (CU) v b m li (CD).
Mt b m tng qut c th c m t nh sau:

Trong :
CU : BOOL l tn hiu kch m tin
CD : BOOL l tn hiu kch m li
S : BOOL l tn hiu t
PV : WORD l gi tr t trc
R : BOOL l tn hiu xo
CV : WORD L gi tr m h m 16
CV_BCD: WORD l gi tr m h m BCD
Q : BOOL L tn hiu ra .
Qu trnh lm vic ca b m c m t nh sau:

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S sn xung m c, c ghi vo thanh ghi 2 Byte ca b m, gi l thanh ghi

C-Word. Ni dung ca thanh ghi C-Word c gi l gi tr m tc thi ca b m v
k hiu bng CV v CV_BCD. B m bo trng thi ca C-Word ra ngoi C-bit qua
chn Q ca n. Nu CV <> 0, C-bit c gi tr "1". Ngc li khi CV = 0, C- bit nhn gi
tr 0. CV lun l gi tr khng m. B m s khng m li khi CV = 0.
i vi Counter, gi tr t trc PV ch c chuyn vo C-Word ti thi im xut
hin sn ln ca tn hiu t ti chn S.
B m s c xo tc thi bng tn hiu xo R (Reset). Khi b m c xa c CWord v C- bit u nhn gi tr 0.

Khai bo s dng
Vic khai bo s dng mt Counter bao gm cc bc sau:
- Khai bo tn hiu Enable nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch m (S): dng d
liu BOOL
- Khai bo tn hiu u vo m tin CU : dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo tn hiu u vo m li CD : dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo gi tr t trc PV: dng d liu WORD
- Khai bo tn hiu xo: dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo tn hiu ra CV (h 16): dng d liu WORD.
- Khai bo tn hiu ra CV-BCD nu mun ly gi tr m tc thi h BCD dng d
liu WORD.
- Khai bo u ra Q nu mun ly tn hiu tc ng ca b m. dng d liu BOOL.
Trong cn ch cc tn hiu sau bt buc phi khai bo: Tn ca b m cn s
dng, tn hiu kch m CU hoc CD.

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B m tin/li: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t 0 ln 1b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u ra Q4.0 =1 .
B m s thc hin m tin ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CU khi tn hiu I0.0
chuyn gi tr t "0" ln "1"
B m s m li ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn I0.1 khi tn hiu chuyn t "0"
ln "1" . Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R ( I0.3)
B m tin CU: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t "0" ln "1" b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u ra Q4.0
=1.
B m s thc hin m tin ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CU khi tn hiu I0.0
chuyn gi tr t "0" ln "1" .Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln
ca chn R (I0.3). B m s ch m n gi tr <= 999.

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B m li CD: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t "0" ln "1" b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u
ra Q4.0 =1.
B m s thc hin m li ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CD khi tn
hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln"1".
Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R(I0.3). B
m s ch m n gi tr >= 0.

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V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin qun l bi xe t t ng. Cm bin S1

pht hin xe vo, cm bin S2 pht hin xe ra. S xe trong Gara c lu vo a ch
QW20.

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B thi gian (Timer)

Nguyn l hot ng ca b Timer
B thi gian Timer l b to thi gian tr T mong mun gia tn hiu logic u vo X(t)
v u ra Y(t).

S7-300 c 5 kiu thi gian Timer khc nhau. Tt c 5 loi Timer ny cng bt u to
thi gian tr tn hiu k t thi im c sn ln ca tn hiu kch u vo, tc l khi c
tn hiu u vo U(t) chuyn trng thi t logic "0" ln logic"1", c gi l thi im
Timer c kch.
Thi gian tr T mong mun c khai bo vi Timer bng gi tr 16 bits bao gm hai
thnh phn:
- phn gii vi n v l mS. Timer ca S7 c 4 loi phn gii khc nhau l 10ms,
100ms, 1s v 10s.
- Mt s nguyn BCD trong khong t 0 n 999 c gi l PV (Preset Value - gi tr
t trc).
Nh vy thi gian tr T mong mun s c tnh nh sau:
T = phn gii x PV.
Ty theo ngn ng lp trnh m c th khai bo thi gian tr theo hai cch sau:
- Cch 1: S5t#5s: Cch khai bo ny dng c cho cc loi ngn ng lp trnh Step 7

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- Cch 2: L W#16#1350, cch khai bo ny ch dng c cho ngn ng STL

xc nh c phn gii trong cch khai bo th nht ta c th tnh nh sau:
p dng cng thc tnh: T = phn gii x PV; trong PV l s nguyn ln nht
c th nm trong khong 0-999. Nh vy, nu khai bo s5t#5s th c th tnh nh sau:
5s=10mS x 500, vy phn gii l 10mS. Vi cch khai bo ny ta khng th thay i
c phn gii v phn mm Step7 t gn cho n phn gii.
Vi cch khai bo th 2 ta co th la chn phn gii ty . V d mun khai bo
khong thi gian tr l 5s ta c th khai bo nh sau:
W#16#1050 hoc W#16#2005. Trong , ch s 1 hoc 2 l phn gii c quy nh
theo bng sau:

Cn ba ch s ng sau l gi tr t. Nh vy, trong v d trn vi cng mt gi tr thi

gian tr 5s ta c th t c phn gii l 100ms hoc 1s.
Ngay ti thi im kch Timer, gi tr PV c chuyn vo thanh ghi 16 bits ca Timer
T-Word ( gi l thanh ghi CV- Curren value- gi tr tc thi). Timer s ghi nh khong
thi gian tri qua k t khi kch bng cch gim dn mt cch tng ng ni dung thanh
ghi CV. Nu ni dung thanh ghi CV tr v bng 0 th Timer t c thi gian mong
mun T v iu ny c bo ra ngoi bng cch thay i trng thi tn hiu u ra Y(t).
Vic thng bo ra ngoi bng cch i trng thi tn hiu du ra Y(t) nh th no cn
ph thuc vo loi Timer c s dng.
Bn cnh sn ln ca tn hiu u vo U(t), Timer cn c th kch bng sn ln ca
tn hiu kch ch ng c tn l tn hiu ENABLE nu nh ti thi im c sn ln ca
tn hiu ENABLE, tn hiu u vo U(t) c gic l "1".
Tng loi Timer c nh s t 0 n 255 (tu thuc vo tng loi CPU). Mt Timer
c t tn l Tx, trong x l s hiu ca Timer ( 0<=x<=255). K hiu Tx cng
ng thi l tn hiu hnh thc ca thanh ghi CV (T-Word) v u ra T-bits ca Timer
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. Tuy chng c cng a ch hnh thc, nhng T-Word v T-bits vn c phn bit
vi nhau nh kiu lnh s dng ton hng Tx. Khi dng lm vic vi t Tx c hiu l
T-Word cn khi lm vic vi im thi Tx c hiu l T-bit.
xa tc thi trng thi ca T-word v T-bit ngi ta s dng mt tn hiu reset Timer.
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu ny gi tr T-Word v T-bit ng thi c gi tr bng
0 tc l thanh ghi tc thi CV c t v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng c trng thi Logic
l "0". Trong thi gian tn hiu Reset c gi tr logic l "1" Timer s khng lm vic.

Khai bo s dng
Cc tn hiu iu khin cho mt b Timer phi c khai bo bao gm cc bc sau:
- Khai bo tn hiu ENABLE nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch.
- Khai bo tn hiu u vo U(t).
- Khai bo thi gian tr mong mun TV.
- Khai bo loi Timer c s dng (SP, SE, SD, SS, SF).
- Khai bo tn hiu xo Timer nu mun s dng ch Reset ch ng.
Trong cc bc trn th bc 1 v 5 c th b qua.
Dng d liu vo / ra ca b Timer:
S : BOOL BI :WORD
TW : S5TIME BCD : WORD
R : BOOL Q: BOOL

68/130

B thi gian SP: Khai bo

Nguyn l lm vic
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET thi gian s c tnh ng thi gi tr
Logic u ra l "1". Khi thi gian t kt thc gi tr u ra cng tr v 0.

Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr

l "0".
V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha i ni Y/, hot
ng theo nguyn tc sau: n nt Start kha K1 c in cp in cho h thng, ng
69/130

thi K2 cng c in ng c hot ng ch Y, sau thi gian 5s kha K3 c in

ng c hot ng ch . n nt Stop h thng dng
B thi gian SE: Khai bo

Nguyn l lm vic
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET cui cng b thi gian c thit lp v
thi gian s c tnh ng thi gi tr Logic u ra l "1". Kt thc thi gian t tn
hiu u ra s tr v 0.
Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr
l "0".

70/130

V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin bng n hot ng nh sau: n nt S n sng sau

thi gian 10s bng n t tt.
B thi gian SD: Khai bo

Nguyn l lm vic
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp v thi gian s
c tnh. Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s c gi tr l "1". Khi tn hiu u vo
kch S l "0" u ra cng lp tc tr v "0" ngha l tn hiu u ra s khng c duy
tr khi tn hiu kch c gi tr l "0".

71/130

Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v "0" v tn hiu u ra cng gi
tr l "0".
B thi gian SS: Khai bo

Nguyn l lm vic
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp v thi gian s
c tnh. Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s c gi tr 1 gi tr ny vn duy tr
ngay c khi tn hiu u vo kch S c gi tr l 0. Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian
tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr l "0".

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V d: Mt bng n D c bt theo yu cu sau: n nt S1 sau 5s bng n sng, tt

n bng nt n S2

B thi gian SF: Khai bo

Nguyn l lm vic

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Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp. Tn hiu u

ra c gi tr l 1. Nhng thi gian s c tnh thi im sn xung cui cng ca
tn hiu u vao SET(S). Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s tr v 0.
Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr
l "0".
V d: Mt ng c c iu khin hot ng theo nguyn tc sau: Bt cng tc S1
ng c hot ng, ng c dng li sau 5s khi tt cng tc S1 hoc dng li ngay khi
n nt S2

74/130

Cc hm so snh
Hm so snh s nguyn 16 bits: Khai bo

Khi thc hin chc nng so snh bng nhau

C cc dng so snh hai s nguyn 16 bits nh sau:
- Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: ==
- Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <>
- Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: >
- Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <
- Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: >=
- Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <=
Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MW0 = MW2

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Hm so snh s nguyn 32 bits

Khi thc hin chc nng so snh bng nhau

C cc dng so snh hai s nguyn 32 bits nh sau:
- Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: ==
- Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <>
- Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: >
- Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <
- Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: >=
- Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <=

Hm so snh s thc 32 bits

Khi thc hin chc nng so snh 2 s thc

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Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MD0 < MD4 .

Cc dng so snh hai s thc 32 bits nh sau :
- Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: ==
- Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: <>
- Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s thc 32 bits: >
- Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s thc 32 bits: <
- Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: >=
- Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s thc 32bits: <=
V d: Mt Gara t t ng c kh nng cha 100 xe. Lp trnh cho b hin th sao cho
nu cn ch th bo n xanh, ht ch bo n .

77/130

Cc hm ton hc
Nhm lm vic vi s nguyn 16 bits.
Cng 2 s nguyn
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s nguyn 16
bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: INT
IN2 :INT OUT: INT ENO : BOOL
V d: Chng trnh tnh tng sn phm ca hai bng ti vn chuyn hng vo kho cha,
kt qu ct vo vng nh MW4:

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Tr 2 s nguyn

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: INT
IN2 :INT OUT: INT ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s nguyn 16 bits
MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.
Nhn 2 s nguyn

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: INT
IN2 :INT OUT: INT ENO : BOOL
79/130

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s nguyn 16

bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.
Chia 2 s nguyn

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s nguyn 16 bits
MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

Nhm lm vic vi s nguyn 32 bits

Cng 2 s nguyn

D liu vo ra

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EN: BOOL IN1: DINT

IN2 :DINT OUT: DINT ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s nguyn 32
bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.
Tr 2 s nguyn
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s nguyn 32 bits
MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: DINT
IN2 :DINT OUT: DINT ENO : BOOL

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Nhn 2 s nguyn

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: DINT
IN2 :DINT OUT: DINT ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s nguyn 32
bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.
Chia 2 s nguyn

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: DINT

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IN2 :DINT OUT: DINT ENO : BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s nguyn 32 bits
MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

Nhm lm vic vi s thc

Cng 2 s thc
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s thc MD0 +
MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: REAL
IN2 : REAL OUT: REAL ENO : BOOL
Tr 2 s thc
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s thc MD0 MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

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D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: REAL
IN2 : REAL OUT: REAL ENO : BOOL
Nhn 2 s thc

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: REAL
IN2 : REAL OUT: REAL ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s thc MD0 .
MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.

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Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc

nng.
Chia 2 s thc

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL IN1: REAL
IN2 : REAL OUT: REAL ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s thc MD0 :
MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.

85/130

Mt s hm khc
Hm ly gi tr tuyt i ABS

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL OUT: REAL
IN : REAL ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng ly gi tr tuyt
i ca MD8 ri ct vo MD12
Khi tn hiu vao I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.
Hm SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN

D liu vo ra
EN: BOOL OUT: REAL
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IN : REAL ENO : BOOL

Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng tnh SIN, COS,
TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN ca MD0 ri ct vo MD10.
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.

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Hm di chuyn d liu
Khi chuyn d liu: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
Khi c tn hu kch I0.0 khi MOVE c thit lp, tn hiu u ra ENO l Q4.0 =1.
ng thi s liu u vo IN l MW0 c Copy sang u ra OUT l MW2.
Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 0 tn hiu u ra Q4.0 = 0.
Trong trng hp mun thay i s liu trong b nh (tc l thay i gi tr trong MW2)
ta c th khng cn s dng tn hiu kch I0.0.
V d: Mt bng n c hot ng theo nguyn tc sau: Nu n nt S1 n sng 5s,
nu n nt S2 n sng 10s, n tt khi n nt S3

Cc b ghi dch v quay s liu trn thanh ghi

Dch phi s nguyn 16 bits: Khai bo
Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 Khi s thc hin chc nng dich chuyn sang phi s liu
trong thanh ghi. ng thi tn hiu ra ti ENO l Q4.0 c gi tr l 1.
S liu a vo ti IN l MW0
S bit s dich chuyn l MW2 ( ti chn N)
Kt qu sau khi dch c ct vo MW4.
Trn s cho ta thy kt qu ca b dch phi 4 bit.
88/130

Dch phi s nguyn 32 bits: Khai bo

Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1. Khi s thc hin chc nng dich chuyn sang phi s liu
trong thanh ghi. ng thi tn hiu ra ti ENO l Q4.0 c gi tr l 1.
S liu a vo ti IN l MD0

89/130

S bit s dch chuyn l MW2 (ti chn N). Kt qu sau khi dch c ct vo MW4.
Trn s cho ta thy kt qu ca b dch phi 4 bit.
Dch tri 16 bits: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi c tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 tn hiu ra Q4.0 c thit lp v c gi tr 1.
D liu u vo MW0 c dch sang tri vi s bit c t ti chn N (MW2). Kt
qu sau khi dch c ghi vo MW4.

Gin thi gian b dch tri 6 v tr

Quay tri s 32 bits: Khai bo

90/130

Nguyn l hot ng
Khi c tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 tn hiu ra Q4.0 c thit lp v c gi tr 1.
D liu u vo MD0 c quay sang tri vi s bit c t ti chn N (MW4) Kt
qu sau khi dch c ghi vo MD10.

91/130

Quay phi s 32 bits: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
- Khi c tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 tn hiu ra Q4.0 c thit lp v c gi tr 1.
- D liu u vo MD0 c quay phi vi s bit c t ti chn N (MW4)
- Kt qu sau khi dch c ghi vo MD10.
Gin thi gian b dich phi 3 v tr s 32 bits

92/130

Hm logic thc hin trn thanh ghi

Hm AND 2 s 16 bits: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
Hm s thc hin chc nng nhn hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo IN2 kt
qu c ct OUT ( MW2) khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN (I0.0 =1).
Tn hiu u ra ENO (Q4.0 = 1) khi hm thc hin chc nng.
-V d:
IN1 = 0101010101010101 S th nht
IN2 = 0100000000001111 S th 2
OUT = 0100000000000101 Kt qu

93/130

Hm OR 2 s 16 bits: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
Hm s thc hin chc nng OR hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo IN2 kt qu
c ct OUT ( MW2) khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN (I0.0= 1).
Tn hiu u ra ENO (Q4.0 = 1) khi hm thc hin chc nng.
-V d:
IN1 = 0101010101010101 S th nht
IN2 = 0000000000001111 S th 2
OUT = 0101010101011111 Kt qu

Hm XOR 2 s 16 bits: Khai bo

Nguyn l hot ng
94/130

Hm s thc hin chc nng XOR hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo IN2 kt
qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN.
Tn hiu u ra ENO khi hm thc hin chc nng.
V d:
IN1 = 0101010101010101 S th nht
IN2 = 0000000000001111 S th 2
OUT = 0101010101011010 Kt qu

Hm AND 2 t kp: Khai bo

EN(I0.0): BOOL IN2 : DWORD

IN1 : DWOED OUT : DWORD ENO : BOOL
Nguyn l hot ng
Hm s thc hin chc nng AND hai s nh phn ti u vo IN1 v u vo IN2 kt
qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN.
Tn hiu u ra ENO khi hm thc hin chc nng.
V d:
IN1 = 0101010101010101 0101010101010101
IN2 = 0000000000000000 0000111111111111

95/130

OUT = 000000000000000 0000010101010101

Hm OR 2 t kp: Khai bo

EN(I0.0): BOOL IN2 : DWORD

IN1 : DWOED OUT : DWORD ENO : BOOL
Nguyn l hot ng
Hm s thc hin chc nng OR hai s c di 2 t ti u vo IN1 v u vo IN2
kt qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN.
Tn hiu u ra ENO khi hm thc hin chc nng.
V d:
IN1 = 0101010101010101 0101010101010101
IN2 = 0000000000000000 0000111111111111
OUT = 0101010101010101 0101111111111111

96/130

Hm XOR 2 t kp: Khai bo

EN(I0.0): BOOL IN2: DWORD

IN1: DWORD

OUT: DWORD ENO: BOOL

Nguyn l hot ng
Hm s thc hin chc nng XOR hai s c di 2 t ti u vo IN1 v u vo IN2
kt qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN
Tn hiu u ra ENO khi hm thc hin chc nng.
V d:
IN1 = 0101010101010101 0101010101010101
IN2 = 0000000000000000 0000111111111111
OUT = 0101010101010101 0101101010101010

97/130

Lnh lm vic vi tn hiu tng t

Cc dng tn hiu tng t
Nu tn hiu s (digital signals) l loi tn hiu ch c 2 mc 0 v 1 tng ng vi
0V v 24V th tn hiu tng t c th nhn bt c gi tr no trong mt di xc nh.
x l tn hiu tng t, cc i lng vt l nh: nhit , lu lng, tc t cm
bin s c chuyn i thnh tn hiu in nh dng in, in p, in tr.
Sau tn hiu ny c gi ti PLC x l. Tn hiu ny c chuyn i A/D.
Thng thng b chuyn i A/D dng trong cc module tng t ca PLC l loi 8bit
hoc 12 bit.

. Cc cu lnh x l tn hiu tng t

- Kiu gi tr u vo/ ra tng t : Word
Lnh c v ghi:
L PIW x (c cc gi tr u vo)
T PQW x (Ghi cc gi tr ti u ra)
Gi tr cc tn hiu vo/ra tng t s c lu tr ti PI/PQ. Kiu d liu l s t nhin
(INT)
a ch vng nh ca cc u vo/ra tng t ph thuc vo v tr ca module tng t.
Nu module slot 4, n s c a ch bt u l 256, cc module cc slot tip theo s
tng ln 16 byte cho mi slot. Nu module tng t slot 6 n s c a ch vo bt u
l PIW288, a ch u ra u tin l PQW288.
- Chuyn i cc gi tr t u vo tng t.
chuyn i cc tn hiu u vo tng t c th s dng cc hm ton hc.
gim sai s chng ta phi chuyn i kiu s thc trc khi x l.
- Chuyn i tn hiu ra tng t
Gi tr c x l c th l kiu s thc trong khong no , chng ta s phi chuyn
i thnh s t nhin nm trong di tng ng.

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Chng 3 : Ngn ng lp trinh Step 7

CI T STEP 7
Step 7 l mt phn mm h tr, cho php :
- Khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC thuc h Simatic S7-300/400.
- Xy dng cu hnh mng gm nhiu trm PLC S7-300/400 cng nh th tc truyn
thng gia chng.
- Son tho v ci t chng trnh iu khin cho 1 hoc nhiu trm.
- Gim st vic thc hin chng trnh iu khin trong mt trm PLC v g ri chng
trnh.
Ngoi ra Step 7 cn c c mt th vin y vi cc hm chun hu ch, phn tr gip
Online rt mnh c kh nng tr li mi cu hi ca ngi s dng v cch s dng Step
7, v c php lnh trong lp trnh, v xy dng cu hnh cng ca mt trm cng nh
ca mt mng gm nhiu trm PLC.
Ch : iu kin ci t thnh cng phn mm STEP7 vo my tnh l i hi cu
hnh my ti thiu : CPU 80586, 8MRAM , cng trng 90MB v c card VGA
Ti vit nam hin c rt nhiu phin bn ca b phn mm gc ca Step7. ang c
s dng nhiu nht l phin bn (version) 4.2, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3. Trong khi phin bn
4.2 kh ph hp cho nhng PC c cu hnh trung bnh (CPU 80586, 90MB cn trng
trong cng, mn hnh VGA) nhng li i hi tuyt i c bn quyn. Trong khi phin
bn 5.0 v 5.1 mc d i hi my tnh c cu hnh mnh nhng li khng i hi bn
quyn mt cch tuyt i, ngha l phin bn ny vn lm vic mt mc hn ch khi
khng c bn quyn. Phn ln cc a gc ca Step7 u c kh nng t ci t chng
trnh (autorun). Bi vy ch cn cho a vo CD v thc hin theo ng ch dn hin
trn mn hnh. Ta c th ch ng thc hin vic ci t bng cch gi chng trnh
Setup.exe c trn a. Cng vic ci t, v c bn khng khc nhiu so vi vic ci t
cc phn mm ng dng khc, tc l cng bt u bng vic chn ngn ng ci t (
mc nh l ting Anh), chn th mc t trn cng (mc nh l C:\simens), kim tra
dung lng cn li trn cng, chn ngn ng s c s dng trong qu trnh lm vic
vi Step7 sau ny.

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Khai bo m hiu sn phm: m hiu sn phm lun i km vi sn phm v c in

ngay trn a cha b ci Step7. Khi trn mn hnh xut hin ca s yu cu cho tit m
hiu sn phm, ta phi in y vo tt c cc th mc ca ca s , k c a ch
ngi s dng sau n continue tip tc.

100/130

Son tho mt Project mi

Khi nim Project khng n thun ch l chng trnh ng dng m rng hn bao gm
tt c nhng g lin quan n vic thit k phn mm ng dng iu khin, gim st
mt hay nhiu trm PLC. Theo khi nim nh vy, trong mt Project s c:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Bng cu hnh cng v tt c cc module ca tng trm PLC.

Bng tham s xc nh ch lm vic cho tng module ca mi trm PLC.
Cc Logic block cha chng trnh ng dng ca tng trm PLC.
Cu hnh ghp ni v truyn thng gia cc trm PLC.
Cc ca s giao din phc v vic gim st ton b mng hoc gim st tng
trm PLC ca mng.

y, trong khun kh phn mm Step7 ti ch gii thiu vic son tho mt Project
gm cc phn 1,2,3. Nhng phn cn li bn c c th tham kho trong cun ti liu
khc

Cc thao tc khai bo v m mt Project mi.

khai bo mt Project, t mn hnh chnh ca Step 7 ta chn File-> New hoc kch
chut ti biu tng "New Project/ Library".

Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 3-6. G tn Project ri n phm
OK v nh vy ta khai bo song mt Project mi. Ngoi ra ta cn c th chn ni
Project s c ct ln a. Mc nh, ni ct s l th mc c quy nh khi ci t
Step 7, y l th mc F:\S7_ projects.
Trong trng hp mun m mt Project c, ta chn File -> Open hoc kch chut ti
biu tng "Open Project/ Library" t ca s chnh ca Step7 ri chn tn Project mun
m t hp hi thoi c dng nh hnh 3-7. Cui cng n phm OK kt thc.

101/130

Xy dng cu hnh cng cho trm PLC.

Sau khi khai bo xong mt Project mi, trn mn hnh s xut hin Project nhng
dng rng (cha c g trong project), iu ny ta nhn bit c qua biu tng th mc
bn cnh tn Project ging nh mt th mc rng ca Window.

Cng vic tip theo ta c th lm l xy dng cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC. iu
ny khng bt buc, ta c th khng cn khai bo cu hnh cng cho trm m i ngay
102/130

vo phn chng trnh ng dng. Song kinh nghim cho thy cng vic ny nn lm v
khi c cu hnh trong project, lc bt ngun PLC, h iu hnh ca S7-300 bao gi cng
i kim tra cc module hin c trong trm, so snh vi cu hnh m ta xy dng v nu
pht hin thy s khng ng nht s pht ngay tn hiu bo ngt li hoc thiu module
ch khng cn phi i ti khi thc hin chng trnh ng dng. Trc ht ta khai bo
cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC vi simatic S7-300 bng cch vo: Insert -> Station
->Simatic 300- Station:

Trong trng hp khng mun khai bo cu hnh cng m i ngay vo chng trnh
ng dng ta c th chn thng. ng tc ny s hu ch cho nhng trng hp mt trm
PLC c nhiu phin bn ng dng khc nhau.

Mn hnh khai bo cu hnh cng cho tm PLC

103/130

Sau khi khai bo mt trm (chn mt Station), th mc Project chuyn sang dng
khng rng vi th mc con trong n tn mc nh l Simatic300(1) cha tp thng tin
v cu hnh cng ca trm.
vo mn hnh khai bo cu hnh cng, ta nhy chut ti biu tng Hardware. Trong
hp thoi hin ra ta khai bo thanh Ray (Rack) v cc module c trn thanh Ray .
V d:
Step7 gip vic khai bo cu hnh cng c n gin nh bng danh mc cc module
ca n. Mun a module no vo bng cu hnh ta ch cn nh du v tr ni module
s c a vo ri nhy kp chut tri ti tn ca module trong bng danh mc cc
module km theo.

t tham s quy nh ch lm vic cho module.

Vi bng cu hnh cng phn mm Step7 cng xc nh lun cho ta a ch tng module.
Chng hn Step7 c h tr vic tch cc ngt theo thi im cho module CPU module
ny pht mt tn hiu ngt gi khi OB10 mt ln vo ng ngy 16/02/2003 lc 10 gi
30 pht. lm c iu ny ta nhy p chut ti tn ca module CPU v tr 2 ri
chn Time-Of-Day Interrupt, trn mn hnh s xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 3-12.
in thi im, tn sut pht tn hiu ngt ri nh du tch cc ch ngt vo cc
tng ng trong hp hi thoi. Cui cng n phm OK.

104/130

t tham s cho Modul CPU

Cng trong hp hi thoi ta thy module CPU314 ch cho php s dng OB10 trong s
cc module OB10 - OB17 vi mc u tin l cha chng trnh x l tn hiu ngt
theo thi im.
Cc ch lm vic khc ca module CPU cng c quy nh nh Step7. V d
sa i thi gian vng qut cc i cho php t gi tr mc nh 150ms thnh 100 ms, ta
chn Cycle/Clock memory trong hp hi thoi ri sa ni dung Scan time thnh 100.
Hon ton tng t ta cng c th s dng Step7 quy nh ch lm vic cho cc
module m rng khc, nh xc nh ch lm vic vi dng tn hiu in p, vi di ?
5V cho module AI:

105/130

106/130

Son tho chng trnh

Cc thit b lp trnh
Thit b lp trnh c s dng nhp chng trnh cn thit vo b nh ca b x l.
Chng trnh c vit trn thit b ny, sau c chuyn n b nh ca PLC.
Thit b ny khng kt ni c nh vi PLC v c th chuyn t thit b iu khin ny
sang thit b iu khin khc. PLC vn hnh m khng cn kt ni vi thit b lp trnh
C hai loi thit b lp trnh l thit b lp trnh PG v thit b lp trnh PC
Thit b lp trnh PG: y l loi thit b lp trnh cm tay, c bn phm nh v mn
hnh tinh th lng.
Cc thit b lp trnh cm tay thng c b nh lu gi chng trnh trong khi
chuyn t v tr ny sang v tr khc.
Thit b lp trnh PC: L cc my tnh c nhn c ci t phn mm v c thit lp
cu hnh nh cc trm ca PLC.u im chnh khi s dng my tnh l cc chng trnh
c th lu trn a cng hoc a mm d dng, nhc im l vic lp trnh kh thc
hin. Chng trnh ch c chuyn vo b nh ca PLC khi c vit hon chnh
trn thit b lp trnh.

Son tho trn cc khi chng trnh

Tt c cc khi Logic (OB, FC, FB, DB) cha chng trnh ng dng s nm trong th
mc Block.
Son tho chng trnh cho khi OB1:
Chc nng chng trnh son tho ca Step7 v c bn cng ging nh cc chng trnh
son tho khc, tc l cng c cc phm nng g nhanh, c ch ct v dn, c ch
kim tra li c php lnh.

107/130

 khai bo v son tho chng trnh cho cc khi OB khc hoc cho cc khi FC, FB
hoc DB, ta c th to mt khi mi ngay trc tip t chng trnh son tho.
Cc bc son tho mt khi logic cho chng trnh ng dng c tm tt nh sau:
- To khi logic hoc t ca s mn hnh chnh ca Step7 bng cch chn Einfuegen
(Insert) trn thanh cng c ri vo S7 Block d chn loi khi logic mong mun ( OB,
FB, FC ) hoc vo chng trnh son tho ri t kch biu tng New.
- Thit k local block cho khi logic va to.
Vi tt c cc khi hon thnh cng vic thit k Local Block ta cn phi ch vic
khai bo theo bng sau:

108/130

Son tho chng trnh: chng trnh c th c son tho theo rt nhiu ngn ng
khc nhau v d: FBD, LAD, STL....
Son tho mt chng trnh trong khi logic FC1:
Ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
To khi:

To mt khi logic mi
Sau khi chn th mc nh hnh v trn trn mn hnh s hin ra mt ca s sau:

t tn v chn ch lm vic cho khi logic mi

109/130

Trong hp hi thoi cho php ta chn tn ca FC v d FC2. Trong thc t Step7 lun
mc nh th t ca cc FC v ta ch cn OK nu ta chp nhn tn nh mc nh,
ngoi ra ta cn c th chn ch vit chng trnh trong khi hm FC2 di dng
FBD, LAD hay STL. Cui cng ta nhn nt OK. Trn mn hnh s xut hin ca s
chnh ca Step7 nh sau:

Gi mn hnh son tho

son tho chng trnh trong FC2 ta ch cn nhy p chut tri vo biu tng ca
FC2 v lp tc s hin ra ca s son tho chng trnh cho FC2:

110/130

Xy dng Local block:

Trong ca s mn hnh son tho ta xy dng local block cho khi FC2 nh sau:

Nhp d liu vo khi Lokal block ca khi FC

Son tho chng trnh:
Ton b chng trnh c th vit trong khi logic FC2 nh sau:

111/130

Son tho chng trnh trong khi logic FC1

Son tho chng trnh cho khi FB.
To khi FB:
Ta c th to khi FB bng cch t ca s mn hnh chnh ca Step7 ta dng chut phi
v chn cc i tng nh hnh sau:

Sau khi chn th mc Funktionsblock trn mn hnh xut hin mt ca s: Trong ca

s ta cn phi t tn cho khi FB m ta mi chn v d FB1 (thng thng S7 t
gn cho mt tn theo th t m ngi lp trnh chn khi nu ng ta ch cn
nhn nt OK). Ngoi ra ta cn c th t tn cho khi FB; v d: test_1, chn cch vit
chng trnh STL, LAD, FBD hay S7-GRAPH,..... Sau khi in cc thng tin vo
ca s mn hnh ta nhn nt OK.

112/130

Mun son tho chng trnh trong khi FB ta ch cn nhn p chut tri vo biu
tng FB trn mn hnh chnh. Sau khi thc hin xong bc ny ta s c ca s son
tho chng trnh cho khi FB1 v cng vic tip theo cng c thc hin ging nh
ta thc hin i vi khi FC trn, l cc bc nh xy dng Local block, son
tho chng trnh.

Chn ngn ng vit chng trnh trong khi FB1

Th tc gi khi FB:
V khi FB bao gi cng lm vic vi khi d liu DB dng lu gi ni dung cc
bin kiu STAT ca Local block. V vy thc hin vic gi khi FB ta phi t tn
cho khi d liu DB tng ng. Lnh gi khi hm FB nh sau:

113/130

Tu theo nhu cu s dng m ta s dng mt , hai hay nhiu khi DB ta phi t tn cho
khi DB m ta va chn v d DB1, DB2,... Sau khi chn xong bc trn ta c th
son tho chng trnh cho khi DB1 v DB2 nh sau:

Mn hnh son tho trong khi FBs

S dng bin hnh thc:

Step7 cung cp mt kh nng s dng tn hnh thc trong lp trnh thay v cc k hiu
a ch , ch s khi FB, FC,...kh nh. Cc tn hnh thc c thay bi mt a ch hay
mt tn khi tu theo ngi lp trnh t t. lm c iu ny, ngi lp trnh cn
phi khai bo trc trong mt bng c tn l Symbols.
Kch chut vo th mc m ca Block, y l th mc vi tn mc nh l S7
Program(1), sau nhy phm chut tri ti biu tng Symbole nh hnh v ta s c
mn hnh son tho bng cc tn hnh thc sau:

114/130

S dng bin hnh thc

Ghi cc k hiu bin hnh thc vo bng Symbol

Sau khi in y tn hnh thc, a ch nh m n thay th ( hu ht kiu d liu
u c S7 t xc nh cn c vo a ch nh) v ct vo Project, ta s quay tr li
mn hnh chnh ca S7. M mt khi chng trnh, v d OB1 v chn biu tng dng
bin hnh thc ta s chuyn sang dng son tho vi nhng bin hnh thc nh t
sn trong bng Symbole.

115/130

Mn hnh son tho vi cc tn bin hnh thc

Mun quay tr v s dng li cc k hiu a ch tuyt i ta nhn li nt chn
ban u l biu tng ny nm trn thanh cng c .

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Chy th, np chng trnh xung phn cng, gim st

hot ng ca chng trnh
Trc khi khi ng h thng cn phi chc chn dy ni t plc n cc thit b ngoi
vi l ng, trong qu trnh chy kim tra c th cn thit phi thc hin cc bc tinh
chnh h thng nhm m bo an ton khi a vo hot ng thc t.
lm c iu ny ta c th s dng mt s cc phn mm sau: PLC-SIM, SPS
VISU,

Np chng trnh xung phn cng

Np chng trnh son tho t PC xung CPU: Chng trnh sau khi son tho cn
c truyn xung CPU.
Ch : Khi np chng trnh cn phi t CPU trng thi Stop hoc t CPU trng
thi RUN-P.
Xo chng trnh c trong CPU:
thc hin vic np chng trnh mi t PC xung CPU ta cn thc hin cng vic
xo chng trnh c sn trong CPU. iu ny ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
a trng thi ca CPU v STOP
T mn hnh chnh ca Step7 ta chn lnh

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Np chng trnh
S dng biu tng np chng trnh trn thanh cng c ca menu chnh v thc hin
tr li y cc cu hi ca phn mm.

Gim st hot ng ca chng trnh

Sau khi np chng trnh son tho xung CPU lc ny chng trnh c ghi
vo b nh ca CPU. Khi ta c th tch ri PC v CPU ca S7 m chng trnh vn
hot ng bnh thng. thc hin vic quan st qu trnh hot ng ca chng trnh
v CPU ta s dng chc nng gim st chng trnh bng cch nhn vo biu tng ny
trn thanh cng c. Sau khi chn chc nng gim st chng trnh ny th trn mn hnh
s xut hin mt ca s sau:
Tu theo kiu vit chng trnh m ta nhn c s khc nhau v kiu hin th trn mn
hnh (Di y s dng kiu vit chng trnh FBD).

118/130

Quan st qu trnh hot ng

Ngoi ra ta cn c th quan st c ni dung ca nh. Nhng nh mun quan st
cn phi khai bo trong bng Variable.

Quan st ni dung ca nh
Sau khi khai bo tt c cc bin cn quan st ta kch vo phm quan st trn mn hnh
xut hin ca s nh hnh trn. Tu theo yu cu m ta kch vo phm quan st tng

119/130

ng trn mn hnh s hin th ni dung ca nh ti thi im hin ti hay lin tc quan

st theo tng thi im.

120/130

Chng 4 : La chn, lp t, kim tra v

bo tr h thng
La chn, lp t, kim tra v bo tr h thng
XEM XT TNH KH THI
Da vo quy m ca h thng, nu h thng sn xut theo dy chuyn th c th phn
dy chuyn ra lm nhiu cm da trn c im cng ngh. Sao cho mi cm lm vic
tng i c lp nhau, khong cch dy ni n cm bin v c cu chp hnh khng
vt qu chiu di quy nh tng ng vi tng loi, s I/O hp l nm trong khong
m cc loi PLC nh cho php.

TRNH T THIT K H THNG PLC

Trnh t thit k h thng thc hin qua cc bc sau:
1. T mi cm c chia trong phn xem xt s kh thi ca h thng tin hnh phn
tch chi tit quy trnh cng ngh, h truyn ng v trang b in. M t chi tit s lin
ng gia cc phn t ca h thng trn c s thnh lp gin thi gian hay lu
thut ton c bit phi ch n cc li c th xy ra trong qu trnh my ang hot
ng bnh thng.
2. Tnh chn thit b cm bin v c cu chp hnh:
Nu u vo ch c chc nng logic 0&1 th tnh chn cho u vo s.
Nu c chc nng phn tch tn hiu phc v cho vic gim st (nhit , m,
mc, lu lng, khi lng, lc tc dng) hoc iu khin c phn hi th phi tnh
chn cho u vo analog.
Nu iu chnh ng c theo phng php PID loop th phi tnh chn cho u ra
analog.
C cu chp hnh l Piton thu lc hay kh nn th phi tnh chn van thu hoc kh
tng ng. iu khin cc van ny phi tnh chn cho u ra s, ngoi tr cc van
tit lu hoc van phn trm iu khin thng qua ng c th c th tnh chn bin tn
hoc b iu chnh tng ng vi ng c. Ngoi ra c th dng PID loop iu khin
cc van , lc phi tnh chn cho du ra analog.

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 C cu chp hnh l ng c phi xem xt c cn thit phi iu khin tc khng.

Nu c th phi tnh chn bin tn, b iu chnh in p nu l ng c mt chiu hay
module iu khin v tr nu l ng c bc. Xem xt c cn thit phi kt ni bin tn
vi PLC khng? Nu ch n thun l vic khi ng v dng ng c th khng nht
thit phi kt ni qua cng truyn thng m ch cn dng cc u ra s l . Nu cn
thit gim st dng in, in p, nhit hoc t li gi tr tc th phi kt ni
bin tn vi PLC thng qua cng truyn thng theo giao thc ring ca hng. Hin hai
giao thc c s dng thng dng nht i vi bin tn MicroMaster 430, 440 l USS
protocol v Mudbus protocol.
Tnh chn cng tc, nt n trn panel iu khin bng tay.
Ngoi ra cn phi xem xt dng ra ca c cu chp hnh: Ich > 1.5A i vi PLC loi
DC/DC/RLY; Ich > 0.2A i vi loi DC/DC/DC th nht thit phi thng qua h r le
trung gian, Transistor, Tiristor hay Triac.
3. Tnh chn PLC:
Cc ng dng s dng u ra pht xung nhanh th nht thit phi chn PLC u ra
Transistor (loi DC/DC/DC).
Nu khng s dng cho cc ng dng c u ra pht xung nhanh th nn chn PLC loi
u ra l rle (loi DC/DC/RLY). V loi ny n gin hn trong vic giao tip vi c
cu chp hnh.
Tnh tng s:

Xem xt nu s dng cng truyn thng vo nhng mc ch nh iu khin bin tn,

kt ni panel, OPs (Operation), PC hay mng th nn s dng PLC c hai cng truyn
thng PPI nh CPU 2224XP, 226, 226XM.
4. Nu h thng lm vic dy chuyn th phi thit k mng kt ni cc PLC li vi
nhau. Quy trnh thit k v chy mng s nu r hn mn hc mng truyn thng cng
nghip, trong gio trnh ny ch gii hn trn 1 PLC.

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THIT K CHNG TRNH TRN PLC

Trnh t thit k chng trnh ca PLC thc hin theo cc bc sau y:
1. Trn c s gin thi gian hay lu thut ton da theo bi ton cng ngh
phn tch phn 8.2. Tin hnh phn chia a ch vo/ra, thit lp nhng vng nh
phc v cho qu trnh x l d liu. Lit k cc b m, b nh thi cn thit phi s
dng trong chng trnh, cc bit, byte trong vng nh c bit. Lit k cc chng
trnh con, chng trnh x l ngt...
2. Sau tin hnh bin dch t gin thi gian hay lu thut ton sang ngn ng
ca PLC.
3. C th dng cc cng tc v n Led hay dng phn mm PLCsim cho S7-200
chy th chng trnh ch offline. Trn c s xem xt, nh gi mc ti u
ca chng trnh. Chng trnh cn phi c vit ngn gn (nht l cc chng trnh
x l ngt) v tin cy, c bit cn phi c cc chng trnh x l s c.

T CHC, B TR PHN CNG H THNG

H thng PLC bao gm: Module ngun, module CPU, Module m rng tt c u c
lp trn gi theo chn DIN nh trong hnh v 1 v 2.

Gi lp t PLC theo chun DIN

hai mt giao tip vi dy ni ca cm bin v c cu chp hnh, khng gian ti thiu

phi 25mm. C th lp t cc Rack theo chiu ng hoc ngang. S rack khng vt
qu hai rack. Khong cch gia hai mt trc v sau t khng c nh hn 75mm.
PLC phi t trong khng gian tng i thong, t bi. Trong cc t in thng phi
c qut thng gi.

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Khong cch lp t cho php ca PLC trong t in

CHY TH CHNG TRNH

y l qu trnh chy tht trn my ch online. Trc khi chy ch ny phi
thc hin cc bc sau:
1. Kim tra mc tip xc dy ni cng nh a ch u vo ca cng tc, nt nhn,
cng tc hnh trnh da vo cc n trng thi trn u vo ca PLC. Dng ng h
o c cc tn hiu tng t.
2. Kim tra dy ni n cc c cu chp hnh ln cui trc khi cho chy th nghim.
Xem xt chc chn u ni ng theo s hay cha. Kim tra in p trn cc c
cu chp hnh xem th t cha.
3. C th vit tng on chng trnh nh kim tra trng thi hot ng ca tng u
ra, nht l i vi cc c cu thu lc v kh nn. Bc ny gi l bc chy n ng.
Thng thc hin cho nhng my mc c cng ngh tng i phc tp. Cc my n
gin c th b qua bc ny. a cc c cu v tr li trng thi ban u (ng vi quy
trnh thit k theo gin thi gian hay lu thut ton).
4. Np chng trnh vo PLC v chy lin ng ton b h thng. Xem xt, nh gi
mc tin cy ca chng trnh nu cha tt th c th hiu chnh thm mt vi ln na.

XY DNG TI LIU CHO H THNG

Lp ti liu theo cc gi sau:
1. Ti liu chung cho h thng nh: Ti liu v phn cng v phn mm ca PLC, ng
c, bin tn

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2. Ti liu lp t: Cc bn v, ti liu hng dn lp t cng nh ti liu v cch ci

t phn mm v chy th nghim h thng.
3. Ti liu vn hnh: Hng dn cc quy trnh vn hnh my.
4. Ti liu bo dng.

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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: Lp trnh PLC
Bin tp bi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/b65809e7
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: M U
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/810d0d51
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Lch s pht trin
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/80222f7f
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cu trc v nguyn l lm vic ca PLC
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/95688481
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Phn loi
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/4323bc61
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: H thng Module
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/f427f26c
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cu trc b nh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/472ec791

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Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Module: Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/80352d0b
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Chu trnh lm vic, lp trnh v cu trc chng trnh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/56ddaad3
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Nhm lnh logic tip im
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/d62d0780
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: B m (Counter)
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/1ae673af
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: B thi gian (Timer)
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/8a558779
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cc hm so snh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/77a47a31
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cc hm ton hc
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/38576f5c
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Module: Hm di chuyn d liu

Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/6a2fb1e4
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Hm logic thc hin trn thanh ghi
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/02ee8841
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Lnh lm vic vi tn hiu tng t
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/f940a338
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: CI T STEP 7
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/64575074
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Son tho mt Project mi
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/80a363f4
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Son tho chng trnh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/fd60fff1
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Chy th, np chng trnh xung phn cng, gim st hot ng ca chng
trnh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/13b0c2ef
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: La chn, lp t, kim tra v bo tr h thng
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Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn

URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/026c633c
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam

Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources
VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng kho
Ti nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phong
ph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0
do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trc
ht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.
Vi s h tr ca Qu Vit Nam, Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (VOER) tr thnh
mt cng thng tin chnh cho cc sinh vin v ging vin trong v ngoi Vit Nam. Mi
ngy c hng chc nghn lt truy cp VOER (www.voer.edu.vn) nghin cu, hc
tp v ti ti liu ging dy v. Vi hng chc nghn module kin thc t hng nghn
tc gi khc nhau ng gp, Th Vin Hc liu M Vit Nam l mt kho tng ti liu
khng l, ni dung phong ph phc v cho tt c cc nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca
c gi.
Ngun ti liu m phong ph c trn VOER c c l do s chia s t nguyn ca cc
tc gi trong v ngoi nc. Qu trnh chia s ti liu trn VOER tr ln d dng nh
m 1, 2, 3 nh vo sc mnh ca nn tng Hanoi Spring.
Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng d
dng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh ging
dy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khi
nim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phong
bi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phong
tro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v c
chp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.

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