Hop

International
Journal of Mechanical
Engineering
Technology (IJMET), ENGINEERING
ISSN 0976 6340(Print),
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
OFandMECHANICAL
ISSN 0976 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 70-79 IAEME
AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
ISSN 0976 6340 (Print)

ISSN 0976 6359 (Online)
Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 70-79
IAEME: www.iaeme.com/IJMET.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.5377 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
IJMET
IAEME
DEFLECTION AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF A BEAM ON DIFFERENT

ELEMENTS USING ANSYS APDL
Victor Debnath1,
Bikramjit Debnath2
Lovely Professional University1, SRM University2
ABSTRACT
This paper studies the maximum deflection and Von-Misses stress analysis of:- a) Simply
Supported Beam and b) Cantilever Beam under two different types of loading. The theoretical
calculations are done based on the general Euler-Bernoullis Beam Equation. The Computational
Analysis is done on ANSYS 14.0 software. Comparing the Numerical Results with that of the
ANSYS 14.0, excellent accuracy of the present method has been extracted and demonstrated. In
ANSYS 14.0 accuracies of different elements are measured and it has been visualized and concluded
that Beam 189 element is most suitable element for Beam Analysis as compared to the Beam 188
element and other Solid elements.
Keywords: ANSYS, Beam, Beam Analysis, Euler-Bernoullis Beam Equation, 188 Element,
189 Element, Solid Elements.
I. INTRODUCTION
Beams belong to the basic structural members used in the modeling abstraction of mechanical
systems [1]. In this paper behavior of beam and solid elements are discussed on the basis of VonMisses stress and Deflection occurred on beam due to various types of load i.e point load and
uniformly distributed load applied on rectangular section beam. A member subjected to bending
moment and shear force undergoes certain deformations. The material of the member will offer
resistance or stresses against these deformations.[2] It is possible to estimate these stresses with
certain assumptions. The beam cannot have any translational displacements at its support points, but
no restriction is placed on rotations at the supports. The deflected distance of a member under a load
is directly related to the slope of the deflected shape of the member under that load. While the beam
gets deflected under the loads, bending moment occurs in the same plane due to which stresses are
developed. Here the deflection of the beam element is calculated by using the Euler-Bernoullis
beam equation [3] and the bending stresses using the general standard bending equation
70
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print),
analytically.[2] where on other hand Sparse solver is used to solve the Finite Element Model through
Ansys 14.0 APDL.[4]
The effect of elements structure on Maximum Von-Misses stress and Deflection are analyzed
in this paper. Those elements are Beam 188, Beam 189, Solid 185 and solid 285. And it has been
noticed that the most accurate result was measured by Beam 189 followed by Beam 188.
II. THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS
The calculations are done considering a uniform rectangular cross-sectional beam of linear
elastic isotropic homogeneous materials. The beam is assumed to be massless, inextensible having
developed no strains [5].
Using the bending moment curvature relationship the following equation is obtained:
EI (d2y/dx2)=M ---- (1)
Using the equation: (M/I)=(E/R)=(/Y) ---- (2)
Stress is calculated.
Where E is modulus of elasticity, which is constant. I is moment of inertia=bh3/12, b=width of beam,
h=height of beam, M=moment developed.
Four cases are considered in this paper a) Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly Loading
b) Simply Supported Beam with Single Point Load at centre c) Cantilevered Beam with Uniformly
Loading d) Cantilevered Beam with Single Point Load at the end.
CASE 1.Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load W per unit length
Assuming L=100m, b=10m, h=10m, =0.3, E=2107N/m2, F=500N. The maximum deflection of
beam at a distance x=L/2 from one of the fixed end is 5WL4/384EI and it is calculated as
0.0003906m. With the required boundary conditions the maximum bending moment is obtained as
WL2/8. Using the equation: (M/I)=(E/R)=(/Y), Stress developed b is 37.502N/m2.
Figure 1: Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load

CASE 2: Simply Supported Beam with Single Point Load at Centre
Assuming L=100m,b=10m,h=10m, =0.3,E=2107N/m2,F=500N. The maximum deflection of
beam at a distance x=L/2 from one of the fixed end is WL3/48EI and it is calculated as 0.00063m.
With the required boundary conditions the maximum bending moment is obtained as WL/4. Using
the equation: (M/I)=(E/R)=(/Y), Stress developed b is 75.003N/m2.
Figure 2: Simply Supported Beam with Single Point Load at Centre

71
CASE 3: Cantilevered Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load W per unit run over the whole length
beam at a distance x=L from the fixed end is WL4/8EI and it is calculated as 0.00375m. With the
required boundary conditions the maximum bending moment is obtained as WL2/2. Using the
equation: (M/I)=(E/R)=(/Y), Stress developed b is 150.0060N/m2.
Figure 3: Cantilevered Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load W per unit run over the whole
length
CASE 4: Cantilevered Beam with Single Point Load at the end
beam at a distance x=L from the fixed end is WL3/3EI and it is calculated as 0.01m. With the
required boundary conditions the maximum bending moment is obtained as WL. Using the equation:
(M/I)=(E/R)=(/Y), Stress developed b is 300.0120N/m2.
Figure 4: Cantilevered Beam with Single Point Load at the end

III. COMPUTATIONAL RESULT
CASE 1: Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load W per unit length
A. 188 element- (Fig.5 & Fig.6) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.4e-3m and Maximum Von-Mises
Stress obtained= 37.4925 N/m2.
B. 189 element- (Fig.7 & Fig.8) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.4e-3m and Maximum Von-Mises
Stress obtained= 37.5025 N/m2.
C. 185 element- (Fig.9 & Fig.10) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.401e-3m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 37.0599 N/m2.
D. 285 element- (Fig.11 & Fig.12) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.394e-3m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 37.6991 N/m2.
Figure 5: Displacement At Different

Nodes In 188 Element
Figure 6: Stress Distribution At Different

72






CASE 2: Simply Supported Beam with Single Point Load at Centre

A. 188 element- (Fig.13 & Fig.14) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.644e-3m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 74.2500 N/m2.
73
B. 189 element- (Fig.15 & Fig.16) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.644e-3m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 75 N/m2.
C. 185 element- (Fig.17 & Fig.18) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.655e-3m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 111.6060 N/m2.
D. 285 element- (Fig.19 & Fig.20) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.644e-3m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 74.2500 N/m2.

Nodes In188 Element


Nodes In 189 Ellement



74


CASE 3: Cantilevered Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load W per unit run over the whole length
A. 188 element- (Fig.21 & Fig.22) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.3797e-2 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 148.5070 N/m2.
B. 189 element- (Fig.23 & Fig.24) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.3797e-2 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 148.9980 N/m2.
C. 185 element- (Fig.25 & Fig.26) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.3761e-2 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 161.8340 N/m2.
D. 285 element- (Fig.27 & Fig.28) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.3703e-2 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained 151.3950 N/m2.




75




CASE:4 Cantilevered Beam with Single Point Load at the end

A. 188 element- (Fig.29 & Fig.30) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.010105 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 298.5000 N/m2.
B. 189 element- (Fig.31 & Fig.32) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.010105 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 300.0000 N/m2.
C. 188 element- (Fig.33 & Fig.34) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.010043 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 321.0030 N/m2.
D. 188 element- (Fig.29 & Fig.30) Maximum Deflection obtained=0.010105 m and Maximum VonMises Stress obtained= 298.5000 N/m2.


76






IV. COMPARISON OF RESULTS

In table.1 and table.3 the Analytical Results of Maximum Von-Mises stress and Maximum
Deflection on different elements after considering the loading conditions as mentioned above are
compared with the Computational Results. And table.2 and table.4 demonstrates the percentage of
error between the Analytical Results and Computational Results.
77
Table 1: DEFLECTION
DEFLECTION(m)
189ele
185ele
285ele
188ele
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
0.400e-3
0.644 e-3
0.3797 e-2
0.010105
0.400 e-3
0.644 e-3
0.3797 e-2
0.010105
0.401 e-3
0.655 e-3
0.3761 e-2
0.010043
0.394 e-3
0.610 e-3
0.3703 e-2
0.009886
Analytical
Results
0.391 e-3
0.630 e-3
0.3750 e-2
0.01000
Table 2: DEFLECTION ERROR PERCENTAGE

DEFLECTION ERROR PERCENTAGE
188ele
189ele
185ele
285ele
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
2.30
2.20
1.25
1.01
2.30
2.20
1.25
1.01
2.56
3.97
0.29
0.43
0.77
3.17
1.25
1.14
Table 3: VON-MISES STRESS

VON MISES STRESS(N/m)
188ele
189ele
185ele
285ele
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
Analytical
Results
37.4925 37.5025 37.0599 37.6991
37.5020
74.2500 75.0000 111.6060 73.4405
75.0030
148.5070 148.9980 161.8340 151.3950 150.0060
298.5000 300.0000 321.0030 303.4560 300.0120
Table 4: VON-MISES STRESS ERROR PERCENTAGE

VON MISES STRESS ERROR PERCENTAGE
188ele
189ele
185ele
285ele
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
0.025
1.000
0.999
0.504
0.001
0.004
0.672
0.004
1.179
48.802
7.885
6.997
0.526
2.080
0.926
1.148
V. CONCLUSION
After going through all the tables data, it can be concluded that the ELEMENT 189 is the
best element to do BEAM ANALYSIS rather than 188 element and other SOLID ELEMENTS.
Rather, if we define the priority of the elements for beam analysis than it would be as follows 189
element, 188 element, Solid 285 element, solid 185 element. Hence, it is very well justified to
mention that to solve beam type of problem we always need to rely on beam 189 element rather than
any other elements.
78
REFERENCES
[1] A solid-beam finite element and non-linear constitutive modeling J. Frischkorn, S. Reese
Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 265 (2013) 195212.
[2] Strength of Material by S.Ramamrutham, pg:235 Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company 15th
edition
[3] Timoshenko, S., (1953), History of strength of materials, McGraw-Hill New York.
[4] ANSYS. (Help Documentation).
[5] Timoshenko, S.P. and D.H. Young. Elements of Strength of Materials, 5th edition. (MKS
System).
[6] JN Mahto, SC Roy, J Kushwaha and RS Prasad, Displacement Analysis of Cantilever Beam
using Fem Package, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology
(IJMET), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 75 - 78, ISSN Print: 0976 6340, ISSN Online:
0976 6359.
[7] Prabhat Kumar Sinha, Ishan Om Bhargava and Saifuldeen Abed Jebur, Non Linear Dynamic
and Stability Analysis of Beam using Finite Element in Time, International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET), Volume 5, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 10 - 19,
ISSN Print: 0976 6340, ISSN Online: 0976 6359.
[8] Prabhat Kumar Sinha and Rohit, Analysis of Complex Composite Beam by using
Timoshenko Beam Theory & Finite Element Method, International Journal of Design and
Manufacturing Technology (IJDMT), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 43 - 50, ISSN Print:
0976 6995, ISSN Online: 0976 7002.
79

Hop

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hop

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

International

AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)

ISSN 0976 6340 (Print)

DEFLECTION AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF A BEAM ON DIFFERENT

Lovely Professional University1, SRM University2

Figure 1: Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load

Figure 2: Simply Supported Beam with Single Point Load at Centre

Figure 4: Cantilevered Beam with Single Point Load at the end

Figure 5: Displacement At Different

Figure 6: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 7: Displacement At Different

Figure 8: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 9: Displacement At Different

Figure 10: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 11: Displacement At Different

Figure 12: Stress Distribution At Different

CASE 2: Simply Supported Beam with Single Point Load at Centre

Figure 13: Displacement At Different

Figure 14: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 15: Displacement At Different

Figure 16: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 17: Displacement At Different

Figure 18: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 19: Displacement At Different

Figure 20: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 21: Displacement At Different

Figure 22: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 23: Displacement At Different

Figure 24: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 25: Displacement At Different

Figure 26: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 27: Displacement At Different

Figure 28: Stress Distribution At Different

CASE:4 Cantilevered Beam with Single Point Load at the end

Figure 29: Displacement At Different

Figure 30: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 31: Displacement At Different

Figure 32: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 33: Displacement At Different

Figure 34: Stress Distribution At Different

Figure 35: Displacement At Different

Figure 36: Stress Distribution At Different

IV. COMPARISON OF RESULTS

Table 2: DEFLECTION ERROR PERCENTAGE

Table 3: VON-MISES STRESS

Table 4: VON-MISES STRESS ERROR PERCENTAGE

You might also like