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SYNOPSIS: An estimation of excavation rate is needed for time planning, cost control and choice of
excavation method in order to make tunnel boring economic in comparison with the conventional drill and
blast method. As a consequence, efforts have been made to correlate TBM performance in terms of
penetration and advance rates with rock mass and machine parameters, either through empirical approach or
physically based theories.
The TBM performance has been evaluated using the QTBM and rock mass excavability (RME) index in the
head race tunnel (HRT) of a hydroelectric project in the Himalayas and presented in the paper alongwith the
description of QTBM and RME index.
Keywords: TBM; Himalayan tunnelling; QTBM; RME index; Quartzites.
1.
INTRODUCTION
1522
THE QTBM
where
RQD0
Jn,Jr,Ja,Jw
and SRF
=
cm
or
tm
cm
tm
I50
CLI
=
=
=
=
1523
(2)
(3)
1524
follows:
Where D is the diameter of tunnel in meters, q
is the quartz content in per cent and n is the porosity
in per cent.
Sometimes, PR becomes too fast due to the
logistics and muck handling. There may be a local
increase in gradient from 1 hr to 1 day as a more
rapid fall occurs in AR.
2.3 Penetration and advance rate
Development of a workable relationship between
penetration rate PR and QTBM was based on a
process of trial and error using case records [9].
Striving for a simple relationship, and rounding
decimal places, the following correlation was
obtained:
PR
5 (QTBM)-0.2
(5)
5 (QTBM)-0.2. Tm
(6)
QTBM
0.1
3.1 x 108
(5/PR)5
0.5
105
1.0
3125
(7)
5
1
10
0.03
(8)
1525
(9)
30 -90
25
90 - 180
14
>180
0
65 - 50
7
50 - 40
3
<40
0
Homogeneous
Mixed
0-4
4-8
8-15
15-30
>30
perpendicular
Oblique
Parallel
Rating
15
10
10
24 - 96
10
96 - 192
15
>192
25
30 - 70
2
10 - 30
4
<10
5
1526
Crew Factor
(FE)
0.88
1.0
1.15
(11)
Adaptation
Factor
(FA)
0.68
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.08
1.12
1.16
1 20
1527
Average
Orientation
060o/052o to
055o/070o
225o/050o to
240o/040o
310o/052o to
330o/070o
135o/072o to
160o/040o
Persistence
Aperture
Spacing
Condition
1 to 10m
5 to 50cm at places
open 5 to 30mm
Generally tight, at
places open 1 to 5mm
Tight to 5mm
Slightly
rough/planar
Smooth/planar
Tight to 5mm
Tight to 5mm
0.5 to 3m rarely
exceed > 10m
2 5m
1 5m at places >
10m
Slightly
rough/smooth planar
Smooth planar
1528
Location of Samples
Surface samples
121.45
267.2
16.2
24.6
12.5
0.21
1.74 2.75
0.89 1.31
2.68 2.74
45 49
4.02 5.00
74*
9.15 10.50
71 73
Tunnel samples
80-150
6-13
--0.4 7 (say 2.0)
0.1 0.9
2.5 2.7 (2.6)
50 60
4.96 5.13
77
7.1
78
5.
510m
218 days
5232 hrs
10.31%
2.95%
11.48%
11.14%
7.11%
3.55%
13.26%
1.27%
38.93%
539 hrs
0.097m/hr
0.946m/hr
1529
QTBM
Description
60% (Evaluated as per above details and using details
collected by the author; tunnel axis orientation in TBM
length is N10E- S10W)
Four plus random joints
Slightly rough planar to smooth
Unaltered to slightly altered chloritic coating
Moist
Rock strength 80-150MPa, rock cover around 1000m,
rock bursting is experienced
(RQD/Jn)(Jr/Jn)(Jw/SRF)
80-150, average 115 (Table 6)
From Table 6
5 (Q. c /100)1/3
Assumed as 15
Quartzites is mainly composed of quartz
92-95%; average 93.5%
2 *rock cover in meters (rock cover is assumed as
1000m)
Eq. 1
Rating/value
60
15
1
1
0.66
15
0.176
115
2.6
7.63
15
4
93.5
52
289.85 (290)
Period
Time (T) Hours
AR (m/hr)
PR
1
1.6
1 shift
8
0.35
1 day
24
0.157
1530
Rate
of
Advance
Description
60%
Strong to very strong (80 150 MPa)
Rating/value
13
7
Moderate to close
Rough and slightly weathered, wall rock separation
<1mm
Moist
Fair
8 - 10
25
58 60 (59)
67
25
14
10
5
7
61
14.13 m/day
or 0.587m/hr
1.14
1.0
0.68
0.45
Eq. 9
Eq. 10 for D = 6.8m
Table 3
Tunnel length excavated = 510 m, using Table 4
Eq. 11
CONCLUSIONS
10
-5
1531
13.
14.
15.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1532