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March 1998

British Gypsum Guide to


Timber Frame Construction

Timber Frame Construction

Timber frame construction has a


centurieslong tradition in the
UK, however, over the last 80
years it has continuously evolved
to meet the challenges of

c1560

changing Regulations and


expectations. Currently, the UK
population of modern timber
frame dwellings is around
1 million and the number is
c1860

growing. Nonhousing
applications such as hotels,
nursing homes, schools, and
community buildings, now
account for over 30% of the UK
Timber Frame Industry output.

1974

British Gypsum products are widely specified within


timber frame buildings to form internal elements.
Applications include linings to external walls,
partitions, ceilings, separating and compartment
floors, cavity barriers and ceilings below roof spaces.
1995

Timber Frame Construction

Contents

Introduction

Components

Applications

Performance

Performance tables

Design

15

Construction details

17

Board fixing on site

26

Timber Frame Construction

Introduction

Your attention is brought to the following publications which


give approved guidance.

Timber framed construction is being increasingly adopted by


a wide range of client groups because of its contribution to
energy efficiency. Typical applications range from private
dwellings through to hotels, nursing homes, and community
buildings.

Within timber frame buildings, British Gypsum products are


extensively used to form the internal elements. They provide
external wall linings, partitions, separating and
compartment walls, ceiling linings, compartment floors,
cavity barriers, and ceilings below roof spaces. Linings range
from basic Gyproc Wallboard where economical space
division is required, through to specialist boards such as
Gyproc Wallboard Duplex, Moisture Resistant Board, Plank,
Duraline, SoundBloc, Fireline, and Glasroc Multi-Board,
chosen to achieve specified performance requirements.

The lightweight nature of plasterboard and its speed of


installation are ideally suited to timber frame building
methods. This, coupled with completely dry construction
techniques and the high standards of finishing that are
possible, mean that British Gypsum products provide
extremely cost-effective internal lining solutions.
British Gypsum linings/elements conform to :
BS 1230: Part 1: 1985 Specification for plasterboard excluding
materials submitted to secondary operations.
BBA Certificate No. 90/2541: Glasroc Multi-Board.
BS 5234: Parts 1 & 2: 1993 Code of Practice: Internal
non-loadbearing partitions.
Limitations
British Gypsum standard plasterboard linings are not
generally suitable for use in areas subject to continuously
damp or humid conditions. In such applications the designer
should consider the use of specialist boards or treatments. For
further details contact British Gypsum Technical Service
Department on 0990 456123.
Seasoned timber with a moisture content not exceeding that
recommended in BS 5268: Part 2: 1991 and BS 4978: 1988
should be used throughout.
Handling and storage
British Gypsum fully accepts its responsibilities as a supplier of
building materials and systems as required by Section 6 of the
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. However, in designing
and installing systems incorporating British Gypsum products,
full consideration must be taken of the requirements of the
following :
1
2
3

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992.


Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994.
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
1988 (COSHH).

5
6

Manual Handling Guidance on Regulations


ISBN 0 11 886335 5.
Managing Construction for Health and Safety ACOP
ISBN 0 7 7176 0792 5.
A Guide to Managing Health and Safety in Construction
ISBN 0 7176 0755 0.
Designing for Health and Safety in Construction
ISBN 0 7176 0807 7.
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health in the
Construction Industry ISBN 0 11 885526 3.

Quality
British Gypsum
British Gypsum operates quality assurance procedures to
BS EN ISO 9002, and maintains the quality and leading edge
performance of its products and systems through an
extensive and ongoing programme of research,
development, and testing. This is supported by inhouse fire,
acoustic, and system test facilities which are unique among
building manufacturers, and match the best available
anywhere in the U.K.
Timber & Brick
The Timber & Brick Quality Mark is a Quality Management
and Product Conformity Scheme, which establishes a
benchmark of good practice for designers and manufacturers
of timber framed buildings. It is based upon the system
requirements of ISO 9000, and the technical requirements of
Building Regulations together with relevant British, European
and Warrantors' Standards. There are two parts to the
scheme covering both design and manufacture.
Specifiers can now procure timber framed buildings safe in
the knowledge that the companies they are approaching
have all been through a rigorous third party certification
process before being awarded their Certificate of
Registration. In addition they are assured that ongoing
surveillance is taking place to make sure that the high
standards established at the initial registration stage are
being maintained.
The benefits of the Timber & Brick Quality Mark are only
available from timber frame design and manufacturer
members of Timber & Brick. A full list of members is available
from The Timber & Brick Information Council on
01923 778136

Timber Frame Construction

Gyproc and Glasroc boards description

Components

Wallboard / Wallboard Duplex


Standard board product suitable for direct
decoration or gypsum plaster finish.

Gyproc and Glasroc boards data


Table 1 Dimensions
Type of board

Thickness
mm

Width
mm

.....................................................................................
Wallboard, Wallboard Duplex

9.5, 12.5, 15

900, 1200

Plank

19

600

Moisture Resistant Board

9.5, 12.5, 15

1200

Duraline

12.5

1200

SoundBloc

12.5, 15

1200

Fireline

12.5, 15

900, 1200

Fireline Duplex

12.5

1200

Multi-Board

6, 10, 12.5

1200

Baseboard / Baseboard Duplex

9.5

900

Lath

9.5, 12.5

400

.....................................................................................
Gyproc Nails - 30, 40, 50, and 65mm, fixing boards to framing.
Gyproc Drywall Screws - 32, 36, 42, 50, and 60mm, fixing
boards to framing as an alternative to nail-fixing.
Isowool General Purpose Roll (1000) or
Isowool Acoustic Partition Roll (1200) - providing acoustic
and thermal insulation in partitions, walls, roofs, and floors.
Isowool Timber Frame Batts (1005) - providing thermal
and acoustic insulation in external walls.
Isowool Sound Deadening Floor Slabs (6405) - providing
sound deadening in timber-base intermediate separating
floors.
Isowool Flanged Rolls (1012) and (1022) - paper-faced and
aluminium-faced products respectively for specialist
applications.
Isowool Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier - fire stopping.
Gyproc Resilient Bar - for partially isolating the lining from
the framing for improved sound insulation.
Gyproc Sealant (optional) - sealing airpaths.
Gyproc jointing materials - for a seamless finish, including:
Joint Tape - perforated paper tape for joint reinforcement.
Fibatape - self-adhesive glass fibre mesh tape.
Joint Filler - tape bedding and filling joints.
Easi-Fill - tape bedding, bulk filling, and finishing.
Joint Cement - joint finishing (hand or mechanical).
Glasroc Filler - bulk filling joints in Glasroc Multi-Board.
Drywall Primer - priming the lining surface ready for
decoration.
Drywall Sealer - priming and sealing the lining surface
to provide vapour control.

Wallboard Duplex is backed with a vapour control


membrane for use where a vapour control layer is
specified.
Plank
19mm thick version of Wallboard which provides
additional mass

Moisture Resistant Board


Silicone treated core and water repellent green
paper liner. Suitable as a base for ceramic tiling in
wetuse areas, and for external soffits in sheltered
positions.
Duraline
Modified higher mass core with a heavy duty
mustard coloured liner. Provides a high impact
resistance wall and partition lining.

SoundBloc
High density core with a pale blue liner. Suitable for
wall linings and partitions where greater levels of
sound insulation are required.

Fireline / Fireline Duplex


Pink coloured liner. Glass fibre and other additives in
the core to provide increased fire protection.
Fireline Duplex is backed with a vapour control
membrane for use where a vapour control layer is
specified.
Glasroc MultiBoard
Noncombustible glass reinforced gypsum board.
Combines excellent fire protection properties and
high impact resistance. Ideal for curved linings.
Baseboard / Baseboard Duplex
Grey faced board suitable for lining timber joists,
studs, and battens as a base for gypsum plasters.
Baseboard Duplex is backed with a vapour control
membrane for use where a vapour control layer is
specified.
Lath
Grey faced ceiling board suitable for gypsum plaster
application.

Thistle Multi-Finish or Thistle Board Finish - providing a


plaster finish to the decorative face as an alternative to jointing.
5

Timber Frame Construction

Applications

Internal partitions and walls


Timber stud partitions and walls are used in both new-build
and general refurbishment. Timber stud separating and
compartment walls are primarily specified as sound resisting
walls in residential units such as flats and apartments to meet
the sound insulation requirements of national Building
Regulations. The partitions and walls are constructed from
timber sections nail-fixed to provide a suitable single stud or
twin stud framework. Gyproc or Glasroc boards are nail or
screw-fixed to each side to form the lining. Isowool insulation
will improve sound insulation if included in the stud cavity.
Refer to Tables 2 and 3.
External walls
Gyproc plasterboards are used as the internal lining to structural
timber frame walls. The external wall is based on a structural
timber frame comprising factory-produced timber units to
which sheathing board and a breather membrane is attached.
The frame is tied to the external brick leaf using flexible wall
ties. Alternative claddings, such as tile hanging and timber
cladding, are fixed directly to the timber frame. Isowool glass
mineral wool insulation is included in the stud cavity, and
Gyproc plasterboard forms the internal lining. Refer to
Table 4.
Floors and ceilings
Gyproc plasterboards are fixed to timber joists to form ceiling
linings in both new-build and general refurbishment. They
comprise one or two layers of board which are nail or
screw-fixed to the timber joist supports. Isowool glass mineral
wool insulation will improve the thermal and sound
insulation. Compartment floors are primarily specified as
sound resisting floors in residential units such as flats and
apartments to meet the sound insulation requirements of
national Building Regulations. They combine a plasterboard
ceiling lining, Isowool insulation in the floor cavity, and a
platform or Gyproc SI Floor to give the required airborne and
impact sound performance. Refer to Tables 5 and 6.
Roofs
Gyproc plasterboard is used to line the underside of
traditional or trussed roof rafters to provide a ceiling
membrane with Isowool glass mineral wool insulation laid
over the membrane to provide sound / thermal insulation.
Gyproc Gyplyner or Gyproc MF Suspended Ceiling can be used
where a reduced height ceiling is required. Refer to Table 7.
Cavity barriers
National Building Regulations require that concealed spaces
in the structure or fabric of a building are sub-divided or
sealed by means of cavity barriers or fire stopping. Suitable
cavity barriers can be formed using Gyproc Fireline or Glasroc
Multi-Board of appropriate thickness. Isowool Sleeved Cavity
Fire Barrier can provide fire stopping. Refer to Table 8.
6

Typical interiors

Timber Frame Construction

Energy efficient private housing


Community housing for the elderly

Period style private housing

Private flats development

Stone-faced environmentally conscious development


7

Timber Frame Construction

Performance

Fire protection
Plasterboard is designated a 'material of limited
combustibility' within the Building Regulations 1991. The
plasterboard surfaces achieve a Class 0 rating as a result of
their performance when tested to BS 476: Parts 6 and 7.
Glasroc Multi-Board is non-combustible when tested to
BS 476: Part 4: 1970.
Fire resistance
The fire resistances given in Tables 2 - 8 are for imperforate
constructions tested to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, or BS 476:
Part 22: 1987, or are assessments based on these tests.
Sound insulation
The Rw ratings given in Tables 2 8 are for imperforate
constructions and have been calculated in accordance with
BS 5821: Part 1: 1984, using measurements from laboratory
tests to BS 2750: Part 3 : 1980, or estimates where direct test
data is not available.
Airtightness is essential for optimum sound insulation. While
most junctions will be sealed by standard jointing materials,
gaps at the base of the partition or lining, at the perimeter of
the floor / ceiling, and other small airpaths, can be sealed
using Gyproc Sealant.
The laboratory sound insulation data quoted was measured in
the absence of flanking transmission. The actual performance
of the building element will generally be governed by
flanking transmission.
Water vapour control
Where there is a requirement for a vapour control layer,
Duplex grade boards should be specified as the face layer (i.e.
the outer layer in double layer linings). The application of
two coats of Gyproc Drywall Sealer to the face lining will also
provide vapour control.
Thermal properties
Isowool glass mineral wool insulation is positioned between
joists or wall studs to provide the required level of thermal
insulation. The U values given in Table 4 for external wall
constructions are based on a non-combustible glass mineral
wool quilt being provided in the stud cavity. The use of 90mm
Isowool Timber Frame Batts 1005 in conjunction with a
standard 89mm stud framework can provide a U value down
to 0.38W/m2K. The use of 140mm studs with the same
thickness of Isowool 1005 can provide a U value down to
0.27W/m2K.

Roof designs

Timber Frame Construction

Performance
Table 2 Timber stud partitions and walls with Gyproc linings

One layer of board each side


of timber studs at 600mm
centres.

One layer of board each


side of timber studs at
600mm centres with one layer
fixed to Gyproc Resilient Bars
to one side plus 25mm
Isowool 1200 in the cavity.

Two layers of board each side


of timber studs at 600mm
centres.

Remedial treatment on one


side of existing plasterboard
partition using 50 x 50mm
timber battens at 400mm
centres with 50mm Isowool
1200 between Gyproc
Resilient Bar fixed horizontally
and two layers of board.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail

Board type

Board
thickness

Nominal
partition
thickness

Approx.
weight

Fire
resistance

mm

mm

kg/m2

hours

Laboratory sound insulation


100 3150Hz
No insulation
25mm
Isowool 1200
Rw dB
Rw dB

Performance
substantiation
report

...............................................................................................................................................................................
1

MultiBoard

87

15

34

G106001

Wallboard

12.5

100

19

35

36

Duraline

12.5

100

28

36

Wallboard

15

105

23

37

40

A026002 / 006

SoundBloc

12.5

116

24

37

41

A046013 / 021

SoundBloc

12.5

100

23

38

40

A026011 / 016

Wallboard

12.5

116

20

42

A046009 / 017

SoundBloc

15

105

27

40

43

A026014 / 017

A026001 / 005
Q026021

........................................................................................
1

Fireline

15

130

30

38

A026023

Wallboard

12.5

125

36

38

42

A026003 / 007

SoundBloc

12.5

125

44

44

46

A026015 / 018

SoundBloc

15

196

48

52

A05402

........................................................................................
3

Fireline

15

160

54

41

A026025

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 2
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for partitions and walls incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and
filled according to British Gypsums recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used
throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with
British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Minimum dimensions of timber studs 75 x 38mm unless otherwise stated. Larger stud sizes will enhance performance.
Loadbearing partitions at 100% load ratio, with minimum dimensions of timber studs nominal thickness 100 x 50mm.
50mm Isowool 1200.
An equivalent sound insulation improvement can be achieved using 60mm Isowool 1000.
9

Timber Frame Construction

Table 3 Timber stud separating and compartment walls with Gyproc linings

Separating / compartment walls


100% load ratio

Compartment walls

Two separate timber frames


spaced 50mm apart, consisting
of 89 x 38mm timber studs at
600mm centres with midheight
noggings. Two layers of board each
side. Min. 25mm Isowool 1200
between the studs on one side.

Two separate timber frames


consisting of 89 x 38mm timber
studs at 600mm centres with
midheight noggings. Two layers
of board each side. Min. 80mm
Isowool 1000 between the studs
on one side.

Two layers of board each side


of 75 x 38mm timber studs at
600mm centres with Gyproc
Resilient Bars fixed horizontally
to one side at 600mm centres.
Min. 50mm Isowool 1200 in
the cavity.

Two layers of board each side


of 75 x 38mm timber studs at
600mm centres with Gyproc
Resilient Bars fixed horizontally
to both sides at 600mm centres.
Min. 50mm Isowool 1200 in the
cavity.

Separating / compartment wall in roof spaces


Minimum 37mm timber roof trusses with additional framing to back board joints.
One or two layers of board each side.
Isowool insulation installed if required.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail

Board type

Board
thickness
mm

Nominal
partition
thickness
mm

Approx.
weight

Fire
resistance

kg/m2

hours

Laboratory sound insulation


100 3150Hz

Performance
substantiation
report

Rw dB

...............................................................................................................................................................................
5

Duraline

12.5

225 (min)

30

38

Q026024

Wallboard

25 (2 x 12.5)

250 (min)

40

38

A046025

SoundBloc

25 (2 x 12.5)

141

46

56

A046005

SoundBloc

25 (2 x 12.5)

157

47

59

A046006

SoundBloc

30 (2 x 15)

263 (min)

55

61

A036002

Wallboard / Plank

12.5 + 19

263 (min)

54

63

A046022

SoundBloc / Plank

12.5 + 19

263 (min)

58

64

A036001

SoundBloc

30 (2 x 15)

151

54

58

A046007

SoundBloc / Plank

12.5 + 19

154

57

58

A046023

SoundBloc

30 (2 x 15)

167

55

60

A046008

SoundBloc / Plank

12.5 + 19

170

58

60

A046024

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 3
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for walls incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled according
to British Gypsums recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the
Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Detail 5 provides the 1 hour fire resistance between compartments as required by Building Regulations, subject to the suitability of the
surrounding structure. The combination of ceiling and truss cladding is essential to meet the acoustic requirements of Building Regulations (see
construction detail F). Where single layer Gyproc Duraline linings are used however, joints must be backed with timber. Alternatively, a min.
100mm wide strip of Duraline can be used. The actual fire and sound figures quoted are based on 100 x 35mm trusses at 600mm centres.
The terminology for Separating and Compartment walls and floors follows the conventions established in the Approved Documents to the
England and Wales Building Regulations. Part B refers to fire resisting constructions as "Compartment" walls, and Part E to sound resisting
constructions as "Separating" walls. Please note, however, that not all walls designated as "Compartment" under Part B will be required to
perform as "Separating" walls under Part E, although this is generally the case. If in doubt refer to the relevant Approved Document.
Site sound test data is available on request. Contact British Gypsum Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.
10

Timber Frame Construction

Table 4 Timber frame external walls

265mm

215mm

Cladding of 103mm facing brick


tied with stainless steel wall ties across
a nominal 50mm clear cavity through
breather membrane and sheathing board
to minimum 89 x 38mm timber studs
at max 600mm centres.
90mm Isowool 1005 in stud cavity with
internal linings as below. 100% load ratio.

Cladding comprising vertical tile hanging


on treated 25mm battens fixed through
breather membrane and sheathing board
to minimum 89 x 38mm timber studs
at max 600mm centres. 90mm Isowool 1005
in stud cavity with internal linings as below.
100% load ratio.

283mm
Cladding of 100mm aggregate block with
20mm render tied with stainless steel wall ties
across a nominal 50mm clear cavity through
breather membrane and sheathing board
to minimum 89 x 38mm timber studs
at max 600mm centres.
90mm Isowool 1005 in stud cavity with
internal linings as below. 100% load ratio.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail

Board Type

Fire
resistance
hours

U value
W/m2K

Estimated laboratory
sound insulation
100 3150Hz, Rw dB

Performance
substantiation
report

...............................................................................................................................................................................
1

One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

0.39

50 55

A066001

One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

0.41

50 55

A066002

One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

0.44

40 45

A066003

........................................................................................
1

Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard and

0.38

50 55

A066007

0.40

50 55

A066008

0.43

40 45

A066009

outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex


2

Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard and


outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard and


outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard Duplex

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 4
The fire resistances quoted are for loadbearing walls tested with fire exposure to the internal face. Performances are for walls incorporating
tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved
only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in
the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where higher standards of thermal insulation are required the use of 140mm studs with an equivalent thickness of Isowool 1005 will produce
lower U values. Contact British Gypsum Technical Service Department on 0990 456123 for guidance.
U values are calculated by the proportional area method. The proportion of timber to mineral wool used in the calculations is 15% timber to
85% mineral wool. This allows for framing, lintels, cripple studs, etc., and is the figure used by T.R.A.D.A. for over 10 years. The Thermal
Conductivity ( l )value used of 0.12W/mK for timber is based on that applicable to the Spruce / Pine / Fir groups from N. America and Europe
used in timber frame structures.
If standard wallboard is used in place of Duplex, a min. 500 gauge polyethylene film vapour control layer will be required directly behind the
plasterboard, fixed to the face of the timber frame.
The fire resistance performances quoted are independent of any contribution from the external construction.
Conductivity ( ) of block taken as 0.51 W/mK (1400 kg/m 3)
Conductivity ( ) of brick taken as 0.84 W/mK
Other lightweight claddings, such as timber sidings, cementitious render or lath, etc., can be used and will offer the same performance.

11

Timber Frame Construction

Table 5 Timber joist floors with Gyproc ceiling linings

Standard timber floor


with no insulation

Minimum 30mm Gyproc Alpha Floor


Screed on 1000 gauge polythene sheet
(taped at joints) laid on Expamet wire
reinforced mesh with Gyproc Edge Strips
to perimeter on any suitable floor deck.

Gyproc Gyplyner Ceiling


framework to joists.

Gyproc Resilient Bars at


450mm centres to underside
of joists.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail

Board type

Flooring
board
type

Joist
centres

Joist
width
(min.)

Fire
resistance

mm

mm

hours

Estimated laboratory
sound insulation
100 3150Hz
Airborne
Impact
Lnw dB
Rw dB

Performance
substantiation
report

...............................................................................................................................................................................
1

One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

38

(modified) 38

79

C016001

One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

38

(modified) 42

71

V106007

One layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

450

38

37

82

C014003

One layer of 15mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

38

38

79

C016005

Two layers of 15mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

47

40

76

C016006

Inner layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline


and outer layer of 15mm Gyproc Fireline

600

38

40

76

C016008

Two layers of 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline

600

38

40

76

C016009

Inner layer of Gyproc Plank and


outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

38

45

69

V106008

Inner layer of Gyproc Plank and


outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

38

50

68

C206003

Inner layer of Gyproc Plank and


outer layer of 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

38

52

66

C206004

........................................................................................

........................................................................................

........................................................................................
1

Two layers of 15mm Gyproc Fireline

450

47

40

78

C014011

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 5
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for ceilings incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled
according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used
throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with
British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailfixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to Board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where joist width is less than that stated, nominal 50 x 25mm timber battens should be screwfixed to the side of those joists where the ceiling
boards butt in order to maintain an adequate bearing surface.
Floor types
a
Any structurally suitable wood board flooring.
b
Wood board t & g flooring, not less than 15mm (finished) thickness.
c
Wood board t & g flooring, not less than 21mm (finished) thickness.
No noggings.
The acoustic ratings quoted above are based on 200mm deep joists and a walking surface of min. 9.6kg/m3.
15 : 15 : 30 in accordance with Approved Document. If floor type c is used the fire resistance increases to a full hour.

12

Timber Frame Construction

Table 6 Compartment / separating floors

Platform floor. Gyproc Gyplyner


or Gyproc MF Suspended Ceiling hung
underneath timber joists to give a 277mm cavity,
with 80mm Isowool 1000 between joists.

Gyproc SI Floor with Gyproc Plank


on SIF Channels.
100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity.
Gyproc Resilient Bars at 450mm centres.

Separating subjoist floor comprising


platform floor.
100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity

Minimum 30mm Alpha Gyproc Floor Screed on


1000 gauge polythene sheet (taped at joints)
laid on Expamet wire reinforced mesh with
Gyproc Edge Strips to perimeter on any
suitable floor deck. 100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity
Gyproc Gyplyner Ceiling framework to joists.

Platform floor.
100mm Isowool 1000
between the joists.

Gyproc SI Floor with Gyproc Plank on


SIF Channels. 100mm Isowool 1000 in cavity.
Gyproc Gyplyner Ceiling framework to joists.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail

Board type

Flooring
board
type

Joist
centres
mm

Joist
width
(min.)
mm

Fire
resistance
hours

Laboratory sound insulation


100 3150Hz
Airborne
Impact
Lnw dB
Rw dB

Performance
substantiation
report

...............................................................................................................................................................................
6

One layer of 15mm Gyproc Fireline

600

47

60

56

V106005

Two layers of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

450

44

61

56

C204006

Gyproc Plank with outer layer of


12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

600

44

62

56

C016038

One layer of Gyproc Plank and


one layer of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

450

44

63

55

C204001

One layer of Gyproc Plank and


one layer of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

450

44

63

55

C154008

Two layers of 12.5mm Gyproc SoundBloc

600

44

66

50

C106011

Two layers of 15mm Gyproc SoundBloc

600

47

66

48

C106050

Two layers of 15mm Gyproc Fireline

450

44

60

57

C204002

........................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................

Notes to Table 6
The fire resistance and sound insulation performances are for ceilings incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled
according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout,
and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailed-fixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where joist width is less than that stated, nominal 50 x 25mm timber battens should be screwfixed to the side of those joists where the ceiling
boards butt in order to maintain an adequate bearing surface.
The terminology for Separating and Compartment walls and floors follows the conventions established in the Approved Documents to the
England and Wales Building Regulations. Part B refers to fire resisting constructions as "Compartment" walls, and Part E to sound resisting
construction as "Separating" walls. Please note, however, that not all walls designated as "Compartment" under Part B will be required to
perform as "Separating" walls under Part E, although this is generally the case. If in doubt refer to the relevant Approved Document.
Floor types
a Any structurally suitable wood board flooring.
b Softwood floor boarding, not less than 21mm (finished) thickness.
c Walking surface of 18mm t & g wood board flooring, spotbonded with Gyproc Sealant at 300mm centres to a substrate of
Gyproc Plank laid on 25mm Isowool 6405 (64kg/m3) laid on minimum 12mm wood based sheet sub-deck nailed to the joists.
Site sound insulation figures are available on request.
Underestimate of airborne sound insulation performance due to laboratory constraints.
Normal fixing centres for MF5s and MF7s (450 and 1200mm respectively).
The example shown , using a combination of Gyproc Alpha Floor Screed and timber floor construction, has been the subject of acoustic
testing and fire resistance assessment. Before specifying this construction, advice should be sought from a suitably qualified timber or structural
engineer to determine the appropriate size, span, and spacing of joists able to withstand all imposed loads, including that of the floor screed.
At 30mm thickness, Gyproc Alpha Floor Screed has a mass of up to 63kg/m2. The 30N/mm2 grade of Gyproc Alpha Floor Screed has a flexural
strength of at least 6N/mm2.
13

Timber Frame Construction

Table 7 Ceilings below roof spaces

Timber joists or bottom chord of trusses with suitable timber noggings between joists to
support board edges. Insulation laid between joists.

Gyproc Gyplyner or MF Suspended


Ceiling hung from joists.
Insulation laid over grid.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Detail

Board type

Joist / truss
centres
mm

Min. joist / truss


width
mm

Insulation
type

Insulation
thickness
mm

Fire
resistance
hours

Performance
substantiation
report

...............................................................................................................................................................................
1

One layer 12.5mm Glasroc MultiBoard

600

38

Isowool 1000

150

G106041

Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

50

Isowool 1000

150

C106049

One layer 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline

600

38

Isowool 1000

150

C106047

Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Wallboard

600

35

Isowool 1000

150

C106045

........................................................................................
2

Two layers 10mm Glasroc MultiBoard

600

35

Isowool 1000

150

G106042

Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline

600

38

Rock mineral
wool (24kg/m3)

150

C106048

Two layers 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline

600

35

Rock mineral
wool (45kg/m3)

30

C106046

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 7
The fire resistance performances are for imperforate ceilings incorporating tapered edge boards with all joints taped and filled according to
British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the
Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
All tests were carried out with boards nailfixed. Screw-fixing is an acceptable alternative - refer to Board fixing on site, Table 12.
Where timber bearing width is 35mm or less than the minimum stated, nominal 50 x 25mm timber battens should be fixed to the side of
timber supports where the ceiling boards butt in order to maintain an adequate bearing surface (refer to Board fixing on site, Fig 1).
Table 8 Cavity barriers
Detail

Construction

Fire resistance
Integrity : Insulation
minutes

Performance
substantiation
report

...............................................................................................................................................................................
10mm Glasroc MultiBoard fixed to one side of a timber stud framework
or trusses at maximum 600mm centres using Gyproc Nails or Screws
at 230mm centres. Firestopping to the perimeter as necessary.

30

15

G110002

As above but with 12.5mm Gyproc Fireline

30

15

E106002

Isowool Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier sealing the cavity between the outer brick wall

30

30

E106004

and the internal timber frame leaf.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
Notes to Table 8
The fire resistances are for barriers with all joints taped and filled according to British Gypsum's recommendations. The quoted performances
are achieved only if British Gypsum components are used throughout, and the Company's fixing recommendations are strictly observed. Any
variations in the specifications should be checked with British Gypsum.
Joints between sleeved cavity barriers must be compressed in accordance with Isowool recommendations in order to achieve 30 minutes
insulation.
14

Timber Frame Construction

Specification clauses
For details of Specification Clauses contact British Gypsum
Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.
Design
When designing timber frame buildings, the designer should
take account of relevant British Standards, Documents, and
associated literature. General guidance can be obtained by
contacting the Timber and Brick Information Council on
01923 778136. For further guidance on British Gypsum
products and systems, refer to The White Book, or contact
British Gypsum Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.

applications such as plastering and screeding are subject to


slow drying conditions.
In small flatroof areas, where a polythene vapour control
layer is included in the ceiling construction, condensation can
form on the polythene surface. This can result in plasterboard
becoming unduly damp, and affecting the standard of
acceptability of the lining, and any applied plaster or
textured coating.
Sound insulation
In designing for sound insulation it is important to set targets
which are correct in terms of the uses of spaces separated by
partitions and walls. The table below can be used for guidance.
Table 9 Degree of acoustic privacy

General considerations
Ensure that fixing recommendations are followed for the
specific board to be installed refer to current British
Gypsum literature.
Consider using Gyproc Drywall Screws to eliminate the risk
of nail popping.
Consider using Gyproc Duplex grade board where there is a
need for vapour control.
Site conditions must be suitable for the installation of
plasterboard, e.g. building sealed against the elements, wet
trades finished (floor screeds etc.).
Timber must be aligned and levelled, and should satisfy the
requirements of BS 5268: Part 2: 1991.
When textured coatings are specified the manufacturer's
recommendations must be followed.
Ensure that the floor construction is suitable to support any
imposed loads, such as the inclusion of thermal insulation in
the cavity.
If ceiling heating is specified for use with plasterboard, the
manufacturer's recommendations must be followed.
Ensure that cavity barriers are installed where required in
order to satisfy national Building Regulations, particularly in
perimeter walls in roof spaces and at roof / separating wall
junctions.
Racking resistance
Plasterboard products contribute to the racking resistance of
timber frames in accordance with BS 5268: Section 6.1: 1988
Strength and robustness
The dimensions and assembly of timber supports should be
sufficient to allow positive fixing of boards without bounce
or undue deflection because of nailing, screwing, or other
applied force. When the above fixing conditions cannot be
met, a timber batten should be securely fixed to the side of
the timber support to increase the bearing surface.
Where boards are fixed at maximum centres in adverse
conditions, the standard of lining can be affected. Adverse
conditions can generally be described as conditions where
high humidity occurs, principally in the cold, damp autumn /
winter period. They also refer to buildings under construction
during this period where both the structure and wet

Rw

Speech level

25 dB

Normal speech can be easily overheard

30 dB

Loud speech can be heard clearly

35 dB

Loud speech can be distinguished under normal

.....................................................................................

conditions
40 dB

Loud speech can be heard but not distinguished

45 dB

Loud speech can be heard faintly but not distinguished

> 50 dB

Loud speech or shouting can only be heard with great


difficulty

.....................................................................................
Service penetrations
Suitable detailing will be required at service penetrations if
specified levels of fire resistance and sound insulation are to
be achieved. Refer to construction details F and M, which
have been shown by tests to maintain integrity.
Room in a roof
Where Gyproc plasterboard is used to line a room in a roof
for the purposes of fire resistance, a surface sloping more
than 70 from vertical is treated as a ceiling, and less than 70
from vertical as a wall lining.
Timber noggings
Perimeter support, using either min. 38 x 38mm timber
noggings or plasterboard clips, may be required between
ceiling joists to support board edges. The provision of
noggings depends on the thickness of boards used, and the
spacing of timber joists. Timber noggings / clips should always
be provided at the room perimeter with the exception that
they are not required when using 15mm Gyproc Wallboard.
Nail popping
Loosening of nails in timber can occur through timber
shrinkage, or as a result of fixing boards to misaligned or
twisted framing. To reduce the risk, boards should be fixed
tight to framing members. Where the risk of nail popping is
unacceptable, consideration should be given to fixing using
Gyproc Drywall Screws. For further advice contact British
Gypsum Technical Service department on 0990 456123.
15

Timber Frame Construction

Partition junctions
Where partition junctions occur, additional studs can be

should be specified as the lining. For small areas such as


splashbacks, however, standard wallboard can be used,

specified within the factoryproduced wall panels, and can be


incorporated either during manufacture or onsite.
Alternatively, a suitable ladder frame can be installed
between vertical studs during site construction, with
horizontal members at 600mm centres (see Construction

provided that the surface is protected by applying two coats


of Gyproc Drywall Sealer prior to tiling.

detail W for typical example).


Services
Electrical and other small service runs can be routed within
the timber stud / floor cavity.
The installation of electrical services should be carried out to
BS 7671, following the recommendations of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers. Concealed cables may need earthed
metallic covering, or be enclosed in earthed conduit,
trunking, or ducting to satisfy BS 7671. Cables located within
thermal insulation may need to be uprated to counter the
effect of overheating (IEE Regulations refer).
Fixtures
The selection of the most appropriate fixing depends on the
weight of fixtures to be installed, the particular Gyproc
system used, and whether the fixing has to bridge a cavity.
Table 10 gives general guidance.
Table 10 Fixtures to plasterboard

Finishing
Plasterboards (excluding Moisture Resistant Board)
Tapered edge boards are used for the vast majority of dry
lining work. For jointing, Gyproc Joint Tape is used to
reinforce board joints to minimise any risk of cracking.
Gyproc Fibatape provides an alternative method but is not a
direct substitute in its resistance to cracking. Tape is bedded,
(or in the case of Fibatape , which is selfadhesive, stuck over
the joint), and the joint filled, using Gyproc Joint Filler or
Gyproc EasiFill. Gyproc Joint Cement is used as the finishing
compound. If Gyproc EasiFill is used, it can be also be used
for finishing. Once the joint treatment is set and dry, the
entire plasterboard surface is treated with one coat of Gyproc
Drywall Primer. This primes the board ready for direct
decoration, and allows wall coverings to be wetstripped in the
future. Where vapour control is specified, two coats of Gyproc
Drywall Sealer are applied to prime and seal the board surface.
Drywall Sealer, however, should not be used in conjunction
with vinyl or other low permeability wall coverings.
A gypsum plaster finish can be specified as an alternative to
jointing and primer application. Thistle MultiFinish or Thistle
Board Finish plaster can be applied to the decorative face of
the board to a nominal 2mm thickness after joint treatment.

Fixture

Example

Solution

Heavy

Lavatory cisterns;
wash hand basins;
storage heating
units;
central heating
boilers.

Framing to be incorporated in
partitions. In lining systems
the fixing to be made back to the
structure using a proprietary
fixing. The cavity may need to be
blocked.

Medium to
heavyweight

Wall cupboards;
radiators.

Mushroom plugs, proprietary


anchors, cavity fixings.

Medium

Floor cupboards;
light fittings.

Proprietary anchors, cavity


fixings.

Glasroc MultiBoard
Glasroc MultiBoard is jointed using Glasroc Filler as a taped

Pictures.

Steel pin and hook.

or tapeless joining method, or Gyproc Joint Cement where


the joint is to be reinforced with Gyproc Joint Tape.

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

Gyproc Moisture Resistant Board


Gyproc Moisture Resistant Board can be used as a ceramic tile
backer board, and is available with tapered or square edges.
This product can only be plastered provided the surface is
pretreated with a proprietary PVAC bonding agent applied
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Gyproc
EasiFill is recommended for jointing.

.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
Lightweight

.....................................................................................
Note :
Detailed recommendations and guidance on suitable proprietary
fixings are given in the British Gypsum White Book, or Technical
Information leaflet 'Fixtures to plasterboard', and in the Timber and
Brick Information Council publications 'Living in a Timber and Brick
Home', and the Timber and Brick Homes Handbook.

Ceramic tiling
Ceramic tiles up to 12.5mm thick with a maximum weight of
32kg/m2 can be applied using thinbed adhesives (usually
3mm thick). Stud support centres should be closed down to
400mm, or alternatively, timber noggings (50 x 38mm) should
be installed horizontally between studs at 600mm centres
within the area to be tiled. Gyproc Moisture Resistant Board

16

Textured finishes
If a textured finish is to be applied, nail heads should be
spotted using Gyproc jointing material. Gyproc Drywall
Primer should be applied as soon as possible after board
fixing. Joint treatment and texturing should be carried out in
accordance with the texture manufacturer's instructions.
Ornate / decorative features
Other decorative products from British Gypsum and
Artex-Blue Hawk include Gyproc Cove and Cornice profiles,
Gyproc Styletrims, Artex Ceiling Roses and Artex Dado Panels.

Timber Frame Construction

Construction key drawings

The construction details that follow are generic and represent


good practice. Individual practitioners will have their own
preferred details, but these should follow the principles set
out herein.
Particular attention is drawn to the junctions between
external walls and separating / compartment floors, where
the principles of separation to avoid flanking sound
transmission must be followed if the quoted acoustic

performance of individual elements is to be achieved.


The terminology for Separating and Compartment walls and
floors follows the conventions established in the Approved
Documents to the England and Wales Building Regulations.
Part B refers to fire resisting constructions as "Compartment"
walls, and Part E to sound resisting construction as
"Separating" walls. Please note, however, that not all walls
designated as "Compartment" under Part B will be required
to perform as "Separating" walls under Part E, although this
is generally the case. If in doubt refer to the relevant
Approved Document.

Key Drawings - Housing

Cross section

Longitudinal
section

Plan

Key Drawings - Flats / Commercial buildings

Cross section

Longitudinal
section

17

Timber Frame Construction

Construction individual details

18

Timber Frame Construction

Construction individual details

H
19

Timber Frame Construction

Construction individual details

20

Timber Frame Construction

Construction individual details

21

Timber Frame Construction

Construction individual details

22

Timber Frame Construction

Construction individual details

23

Timber Frame Construction

Timber Frame Construction

List of details by reference letter


Detail Reference

Title

Typical Eaves detail

External wall/ground floor

Non loadbearing partition/upper floor ceiling

Non loadbearing partition/ground floor

External wall to verge

Compartment (Separating) wall to underside of tiled roof

External wall/timber joist floor

Compartment (Separating) wall junction with timber joist floor. (Small electrical outlet box detail
also shown)

External wall/Compartment (Separating) floor with typical window head

External wall with typical window cill

Compartment (Separating) floor junction with Compartment (Separating) wall

Compartment (Separating) wall with larger electrical outlet box

Non-loadbearing partition on Compartment (Separating) floor

Compartment (Separating) floor junction with loadbearing partition under

Compartment (Separating) floor with loadbearing partition under and non loadbearing partition over

Compartment (Separating) floor junction with loadbearing partition top and bottom

Non loadbearing partition on timber joist floor

Loadbearing partition/ground floor

Loadbearing or non-loadbearing partition under timber joist floor

Compartment (Separating) wall/ground floor

Compartment (Separating) wall junction with internal partition on plan

External wall with internal partition junction and typical door jamb on plan

Compartment (Separating) wall junction with external wall showing typical window jamb on plan

External wall at corner showing typical window jamb on plan.

Note
These details relate to buildings constructed in England &
Wales. Some minor modifications will be required to comply
with the Scottish and Northern Ireland Building Regulations.

24

Timber Frame Construction

Timber Frame Construction

Annotation notes to Construction details

1.

Brickwork.

2.

External wall cavity.

3.

Stainless steel wall ties.

4.

Breather membrane.

5.

Wood based sheathing board.

6.

Structural timber frame.

22.

40m x 3m metal straps at minimum 1200mm centres


located just above or below floor level.

23.

Damp proof course.

24.

Damp proof membrane.

25.

Differential movement gap. Minimum gaps to be as in


the table below.

Differential movement gap table

7.

Vapour control layer (minimum 500 gauge or


Gyproc Wallboard Duplex).

8.

Gyproc Wallboard 12.5mm thick.

9.

Gyproc Plank (19mm thick).

10.

Gyproc SoundBloc 12.5mm thick.

11.

Mineral wool insulation minimum 10kg/m3 (Isowool


Timber Frame Batts - 1005).

12.

25mm glass wool 60 - 100 kg/m3 (Isowool Sound


Deadening Floor Slabs 25mm thick - 6405).

13.

100mm mineral wool minimum 10kg/m3 (Isowool

Suspended timber ground floor


Other ground floor
when panels are supported
construction
on ground floor joists
or perimeter joists
......................................................................................................
Allowances for :
ground floor openings

5mm

3mm

first floor openings

12mm

9mm

second floor openings

18mm

15mm

Eaves and verges

Add 3mm to the allowance for openings

on the uppermost floor


......................................................................................................

General Purpose Roll - 1000).

26.

Roof space ventilation.

14.

Isowool Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier

27.

Maximum 65mm long annular ring shank nails or screws.

15.

Fire stop. (50mm thick wire reinforced rock mineral

28.

Additional layer of Gyproc Wallboard 12.5mm thick


required in buildings of 1hr fire resistance (for example
flats 3 storeys and over).

wool).
16.

Wood based sheet walking surface (minimum 18mm


thick).

29.

Window frame (typical).

Walking surface spot bonded to Gyproc Plank with

30.

Door frame (typical).

31.

Small electrical outlet box viz. switch or 13amp socket.

32.

Larger electrical outlet box for example, cooker point.

33.

Minimum 38mm thick s.w. nogging.

34.

Electricity cable tight fit through hole in nogging.

one side) may be suspended in the cavity for the full


storey height.

35.

Proprietary mild steel lintel to support outer leaf of

20.

Resilient upstand (strips of EPS or Extruded Polystyrene).

36.

21.

Gap: A 3mm gap must be retained between the wall


lining, skirting and walking surface to maintain the
correct isolation so as to prevent flanking transmission
of impact sound. This may, if desired, be pugged with
loose mineral wool or sealed with polysulphide mastic.

17.

Gyproc Sealant at 300mm centres.


18.
19.

Wood based sheet sub-deck (minimum 12mm thick).


Isowool General Purpose Roll (1000) 50mm thick in one
leaf of separating wall.
Alternatively, 25mm of mineral wool (paper faced on
brickwork.
Weephole in perpend joint, min. two per opening and at
900mm max. centres.
37.

Flexible and compressible mastic sealant.

38.

Semi rigid slab insulation.

39.

Trussed rafter.

40.

Gable ladder.

25

Timber Frame Construction

Board fixing on site


The following gives an appreciation of installation
procedures. For full fixing details contact British Gypsum
Technical Service Department on 0990 456123.
Timber frame external walls
Factoryproduced timber wall panels of the required
dimension are installed to form the structural building frame.
Studs are uniformly spaced at max. 600mm intervals, with
additional framing installed as required to support heavy
fixtures or adjoining partitions. Isowool Timber Frame Batts
1005 are fitted into the stud cavity. Alternatively, if an
Isowool roll is used, it should be suspended between studs.
Gyproc Wallboard Duplex is nailfixed to all framing
members at 150mm centres, or screwfixed at 300mm centres,
to form the lining. Where door or window openings occur,
lintels and additional vertical studs are normally incorporated
within wall units during factory construction.

Run of ceiling Lath and Baseboard


Boards are installed as for Wallboards, except that the
rounded edge of Gyproc Lath and the square edge of Gyproc
Baseboard only require to be supported by noggings at the
perimeter.
Services
Electrical and other services are installed within the stud or
floor cavity prior to fitting insulation. Timber noggings are
installed to support recessed switch boxes / socket outlets.
Additional linings may be required to maintain fire resistance
and acoustic performance.

Table 11 Provision of timber noggings in floors


Board thickness

Max. joist centres


with noggings
without noggings
mm
mm

mm

.....................................................................................
9.5

450

400

Timber stud partitions and walls

12.5

600

450

Timber of the required dimensions is installed to the


perimeter, abutments, and to frame any openings. Additional

15

600

19

750

framing is installed as required to support heavy fixtures.


Isowool insulation is suspended in the cavity where required.
Where Gyproc Resilient Bars are specified, these are fixed
across studs, at 600mm centres, with one fixing per stud
position. Gyproc plasterboard is nailfixed to all framing

.....................................................................................
Noggings are recommended for Fireline board and Duplex grade
boards, regardless of joist spacing, to ensure that fire and/or vapour
control integrity is maintained. When fixing Gyproc Lath or
Baseboard, noggings are not required in the field of the boards.

members at 150mm centres, or screwfixed at 300mm centres,


to form the lining. Additional boarding is nail or screwfixed
as specified. At door openings, fullheight studs are located
both sides of the opening together with a timber head piece.
Door facings are then fixed to the timber ground.
Timber joist ceilings and compartment floors
Run of ceiling Wallboard linings
Boards should be fixed to form the ceiling with the long
edges at right angles to the joists. Cut ends must be located
over a joist or timber nogging support. Unless 15mm Gyproc
Wallboard is used, timber noggings should be provided
between joists at the perimeter to support board edges in the
field of the boards (see Table 11). Boards are fixed using
Gyproc Nails inserted at 150mm centres, or Gyproc Drywall
Screws inserted at 230mm centres. For double layer ceilings,
noggings are set out to suit the second layer to provide fixing
and support for board edges. All joints are staggered in
relation to the first layer.
In trussed rafter situations, it is possible that the bottom
chord of the truss can be as little as 35mm thick. Where board
ends butt and fire resistance is a requirement, it is important
that additional timber is planted on the side of the truss to
give an adequate bearing surface, (see Fig 1).

26

Fig 1 Fixing boards to trussed rafters

35mm

25mm

Timber Frame Construction

Nail / screwfixing
Table 12 gives the recommended length of fixings. Where
there is a risk of nail popping the use of Gyproc Drywall
Screws should be considered. Fixing tolerances are given in
Fig 2.

Table 12 Fixing plasterboard to timber supports


Plasterboard
thickness

Gyproc Drywall Screws


to fix plasterboard for
direct decoration

mm

mm

Gyproc Nails to fix


plasterboard for direct
decoration or plastering
to timber
mm

.....................................................................................
9.5

32

30

12.5

36

40

15

36

40

19

42

50

12.5 over 12.5

50

50

15 over 15

60

65

12.5 over 19

60

65

15 over 19

60

65

.....................................................................................
Note:
Nail fixing to timber supports.
Drive the nails into the timber straight not skewed and not closer
than 6mm from the timber edge (see Fig 2). If the timber support has
insufficient bearing surface, fix a further timber support to it, or, in
the case of joists and trusses, consider using suitable
counterbattens. Drive the nails firmly home without fracturing the
paper surface, but leaving a shallow depression to facilitate spotting.

5.65m high structural elements

Fig 2 Fixing tolerances

A
6mm
min
Boards should be lightly butted with a max. separation of 3mm.
Where a cut edge occurs dimension A is 13mm min; where a bound
edge occurs dimension A is 10mm min.

Built-up elements

27

Timber Frame Construction

Prefabrication

Structural elements

Internal structure

28

Typical Dormer window

Timber Frame Construction

Acknowledgements

British Gypsum would like to thank


the Timber and Brick Information
Council, together with Laing Homes,
for their assistance and support
in preparation of this brochure.

The Timber and Brick Information Council is the recognised


trade association representing manufacturers and designers of
timber frame buildings in England and Wales.

Technical support
For technical guidance or specification

For technical information and guidance on structural

support on British Gypsum products,

elements, construction details, cladding options, and the

contact :

Timber and Brick Qmark, contact :

British Gypsum Limited

The Timber and Brick Information Council

Technical Service Department

Gable House

East Leake

40 High Street

Loughborough

Rickmansworth

Leics.

Herts.

LE12 6JT

WD3 1ES

Tel :

0990 456123

Tel :

01923 778136

Fax :

0990 456356

Fax :

01923 720724

email

hsd_timber@msn.com

29

British Gypsum

..................................................................................................................................................................................
UK market leader in gypsum plaster and plasterboard
systems, British Gypsum markets its products under the
Gyproc, Glasroc, Carlite, Thistle and Isowool brand names.
Isowool is a registered trade name of British GypsumIsover Ltd.
British Gypsum operates quality assurance procedures to
BS EN ISO 9002 and maintains the quality and leading edge
performance of its products and systems through an
extensive and on-going programme of research,
development and testing, supported by in-house fire,
acoustic and system test facilities which are unique amongst
building product manufacturers and match the best available
anywhere in the UK.
British Gypsum quality does not stop at the products
themselves. CAD and technical support for specifiers;
comprehensive on-site support and off-site training through
three dedicated product training centres at East Leake near
Nottingham, Kirkby Thore in Cumbria, and Erith in Kent, and
ex-stock or next day availability through more than 4000
builder's merchants nationwide are just a part of a customer
support package that has, for many years, set British Gypsum
apart in the market place.
British Gypsum further benefits from being a member of
Europe's leading gypsum company, BPB plc, which has
interests in a wide range of associated building products and
provides an extensive pool of knowledge and experience to
the benefit of all its member companies.

Written enquiries

Technical service

Written enquiries should be


addressed to:-

British Gypsum technical staff are available for discussion and to


render technical advice when the Company's products are being
specified or used. These services are available nationally
through the numbers listed below.

Price 15

..................................................................................................................................................................................

British Gypsum Limited


Technical Service Dept.
Telephone 0990 456123
East Leake
Loughborough
Fax 0990 456356
British Gypsum March 1998 TFCV1
Leicestershire LE12 6JT
..................................................................................................................................................................................

A BPB group company


Q.5978

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