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b gio dc v o to

------------------------ chnh thc

Cu
I

II

p n thang im
thi tuyn sinh i hc, Cao ng nm 2004
---------------------------Mn: Lch s, Khi C
(p n - Thang im c 4 trang)

Ni dung
im
Nhng bi hc kinh nghim ca Cch mng thng Tm 2,0 im
(1945).
Nm vng ngn c c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi, kt hp
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ng n, sng to nhim v dn tc v dn ch, a nhim v
chng quc v tay sai ln hng u, nhm tp trung lc lng
thc hin cho k c yu cu cp bch ca cch mng l gii
phng dn tc, ginh c lp, t do cho T quc.
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nh gi ng v bit tp hp, t chc lc lng cc giai cp
cch mng, trong cng nng l i qun ch lc. Trn c s
khi lin minh cng nng, bit khi dy tinh thn dn tc trong
mi tng lp nhn dn, tp hp mi lc lng yu nc v tin b
trong mt trn dn tc thng nht rng ri, phn ho v c lp cao
k th ri tin ln nh bi chng.
Nm vng v vn dng sng to quan im bo lc cch mng v
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khi ngha v trang, kt hp u tranh v trang vi u tranh
chnh tr; kt hp chin tranh du kch, u tranh chnh tr v khi
ngha tng phn nng thn vi u tranh chnh tr v khi ngha
th khi c thi c th pht ng ton dn khi ngha ginh
chnh quyn.
Da vo ba s kin quan trng sau y: Chin thng Vit Bc 5,0 im
(1947), chin thng Bin gii (1950) v chin thng in Bin
Ph (1954), anh (ch) hy lm sng t cc bc pht trin ca
cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php ca nhn dn ta.
Chin thng Vit Bc 1947(1,50 im)
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a. Sau khi qun ta rt khi cc th, thc dn Php, tuy kim
sot c nhiu a bn quan trng, nhng vn cha thc hin
c m mu nh nhanh thng nhanh. Cuc chin tranh c nguy
c ko di. Thu - ng 1947, thc dn Php tin cng ln Vit
Bc nhm tiu dit c quan u no ca cuc khng chin v phn
ln b i ch lc ca ta, t thc y vic thnh lp chnh
quyn b nhn v nhanh chng kt thc chin tranh.
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b. T ngy 7 thng 10 nm1947, ch huy ng 12.000 qun chia
thnh nhiu mi (ng thu, ng b, nhy d) tin cng ln
Vit Bc.
Thc hin ch th ca Thng v Trung ng ng "Phi ph
tan cuc tn cng ma ng ca gic Php", sau 75 ngy chin
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u (t ngy 7 thng 10 nm 1947 n ngy 19 thng 12 nm


1947) chin dch Vit Bc ton thng. i b phn qun ch
rt khi a bn ny. Trong chin dch, ta tiu dit mt lc
lng ln qun ch v ph hu nhiu phng tin chin tranh
(hn 6.000 tn b loi khi vng chin u, 16 my bay b bn ri,
11 tu chin, ca n b nh chm...).
c. Vi chin thng Vit Bc, c quan u no khng chin ca ta
c bo v an ton.
Qun i ta khng nhng khng b tiu dit m trng thnh
v c trang b thm nhiu v kh. Sau chin thng, so snh lc
lng gia ta v ch bt u thay i theo chiu hng c li cho
ta.
Vi chin thng Vit Bc, qun dn ta nh bi hon ton
chin lc nh nhanh thng nhanh ca ch, buc chng phi
chuyn sang nh lu di vi ta.
Chin thng Bin Gii 1950 (1,50 im)
a. Qua my nm khng chin, qun dn ta thu c nhiu
thng li to ln trn tt c cc mt trn. T cui nm 1949 n
gia nm 1950, tnh hnh th gii c nhiu chuyn bin quan
trng c li cho cuc khng chin ca ta. tranh th nhng iu
kin thun li, ph th b bao vy bn trong v bn ngoi, a
cuc khng chin bc sang giai on pht trin mi, Trung ng
ng ch trng m chin dch Bin gii nhm khai thng bin
gii Vit - Trung m rng ng lin lc vi cc nc x hi
ch ngha; cng c v m rng cn c a Vit Bc; tiu dit mt
b phn quan trng sinh lc ch.
b. y l chin dch ln nht ca qun dn ta k t ngy u
khng chin chng Php n lc . Gn 3 vn b i v hn 12
vn dn cng tham gia chin dch.
Sau hn 1 thng chin u (t ngy 16 thng 9 nm1950 n
ngy 22 thng 10 nm 1950), chin dch Bin gii ginh c
thng li to ln: Dit v bt sng 8.300 tn ch, thu hng ngn
tn v kh; gii phng tuyn bin gii di 750 km vi 35 vn dn.
c. Trong chin dch Bin gii, ln u tin nhiu n v b i
phi hp tc chin, nh ch trn mt chin trng rng, dit gn
nhiu tiu on c ng tinh nhu ca ch.
Tuyn bin gii Vit - Trung t Cao Bng n nh Lp c
khai thng; "Hnh lang ng - Ty" ca ch b chc thng; th
bao vy ca ch c trong v ngoi i vi cn c a Vit Bc b
ph v. T , cch mng Vit Nam c iu kin m rng lin lc
quc t.
Vi chin thng Bin gii, ta ginh c quyn ch ng v
chin lc trn chin trng chnh (Bc B). T v sau, qun
dn ta m nhiu chin dch tin cng, nh tiu dit ch vi quy
m ngy cng ln.
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Chin thng in Bin Ph 1954 (2,0 im)


a. Sau 8 nm chin u, ta ln mnh v mi mt v c iu
kin y mnh cuc khng chin n thng li hon ton. Ngc
li, Php ang sa ly trong cuc chin tranh ng Dng. Cuc
chin tranh lu di, tn km lm cho thc dn Php gp nhiu
kh khn v ngy cng ph thuc vo M. Trc tnh hnh ,
c s tho thun ca M, Php ra k hoch Nava vi hi
vng "chuyn bi thnh thng" trong vng 18 thng.
Php xy dng in Bin Ph thnh mt tp on c im mnh
nht ng Dng, mt pho i "bt kh xm phm", sn sng
"nghin nt" b i ch lc ta. in Bin Ph tr thnh tm im
ca k hoch Nava.
b. Thc hin ch trng ca Trung ng ng v Ch tch H Ch
Minh, qun dn ta khn trng vo chin dch vi tinh thn "Tt
c cho tin tuyn, tt c chin thng!". Hu ht cc i on b
i ch lc v hn 26 vn dn cng c huy ng cho chin
dch.
in Bin Ph l mt chin dch tin cng ch lin tc gm 3
t:
t 1 (t ngy 13 n ngy 17 thng 3 nm 1954): Ta tiu dit
c im Him Lam v ton b phn khu pha Bc.
t 2 (t ngy 30 thng 3 n ngy 26 thng 4 nm 1954): Ta
tn cng cc c im pha ng ca phn khu trung tm, khp
cht vng vy quanh khu trung tm Mng Thanh.
t 3 (t ngy 1 n ngy 7 thng 5 nm 1954): Ta nh chim
cc cao im cn li pha ng v tng cng kch vo khu trung
tm. B tham mu tp on c im b bt, gn mt vn qun ch
ra hng.
c. Sau 56 ngy m chin u, ta ginh c thng li to ln:
Tiu dit v bt sng ton b lc lng ch tp on c im
gm 16.200 tn, bn ri v ph hu 62 my bay, thu ton b v
kh, phng tin chin tranh.
Chin thng in Bin Ph p tan k hoch Nava, n lc
cui cng ca thc dn Php v can thip M ng Dng.
Chin thng in Bin Ph i vo lch s dn tc nh mt Bch
ng, Chi Lng, ng a ca th k XX.
Thng li qun s quyt nh in Bin Ph a phi on
chnh ph Vit Nam dn ch cng ho n hi ngh Ginev vi
t th i biu cho mt dn tc chin thng. Hip nh Ginev
c k kt; cc nc tham d cam kt tn trng cc quyn dn
tc c bn ca Vit Nam, Lo, Campuchia.
Chin thng in Bin Ph cng vi hip nh Ginev, chm
dt cuc chin tranh xm lc ca thc dn Php v can thip M
ng Dng. Cch mng Vit Nam bc sang thi k mi.
Min Bc c hon ton gii phng v chuyn sang giai on
cch mng x hi ch ngha, lm hu phng vng chc cho cuc
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1,00

III

khng chin chng M cu nc.


Anh (ch) hy trnh by nhng thnh tu (t sau Chin tranh
th gii th hai n nm 1991) ca cuc cch mng khoa hc- 3,0 im
k thut ln th hai ca nhn loi.
Trc ht, trong lnh vc khoa hc c bn, con ngi thu c
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nhng thnh tu ht sc to ln, nh du nhng bc nhy vt
cha tng c trong lch s ton hc, vt l hc, ha hc, sinh vt
hc, tiu biu nh pht minh ra sng in t, tia rnghen v hin
tng phng x, khi tho thuyt lng t v thuyt tng i
hc,...
Th hai, cc nh khoa hc c nhng pht minh ln v cng c
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sn xut mi, c bit l s ra i ca my tnh, my t ng v
h thng my t ng, ngi my (rbt). Ngy nay rbt
m nhim nhng cng vic m con ngi khng th hoc khng
nn lm.
Th ba, con ngi tm ra nhng ngun nng lng mi ht sc
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phong ph v v tn nh nng lng nguyn t, nng lng nhit
hch, nng lng mt tri,...Nng lng nguyn t v nng lng
mt tri ang c con ngi s dng ngy cng ph bin, v
trong mt tng lai khng xa, n s thay th dn nhit in v
thy in.
Th t, sng ch ra nhng vt liu mi trong tnh hnh vt liu t
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nhin ang cn kit dn trong thin nhin, tiu biu nh cht
plime (cht do) ang c mt v tr rt quan trng trong i sng
v sn xut cng nghip.
Th nm, l cuc cch mng xanh trong nng nghip. Nh tc
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ng tng hp ca cc ngnh khoa hc, nht l sinh vt hc, ha
hc, nng nghip ang tin nhng bc nhy vt. Nh cuc cch
mng xanh ny, con ngi tm ra nhng phng hng c
th khc phc c nn i n, thiu thc phm ko di nhiu th
k.
Th su, con ngi t nhng tin b thn k trong cc lnh
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vc giao thng vn ti v thng tin lin lc (my bay siu m
khng l, tu ha chy ti 300km/gi, tu ch du 1 triu tn, v
tinh nhn to, nhng phng tin thng tin lin lc v pht sng
truyn hnh hin i,...).
Ngoi ra, con ngi cn c thnh tu k diu trong chinh phc v
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tr, phc v cuc sng con ngi (thm him mt trng, tu con
thoi, nhn nhng thng tin v Sao Kim, Sao Ha ,...).

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