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AIM
14.2
14.3
RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED
14.4
CALCULATION LOG
14.4.1
Introduction ............................................................................... 2
14.4.1.1
14.4.1.2
14.4.1.3
14.4.1.4
14.4.2
Preprocess................................................................................ 3
14.4.3
Solution ..................................................................................... 6
14.4.4
Postproceso .............................................................................. 7
14.5
RESULTS
14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3
14.5.4
14.5.5
14.6
SUMMARY
12
14
14.1
AIM
The aim of this example is to show the possibilities of CivilFEM for a tunnel
construction process. Capabilities as birth and death of elements and initial stresses in
terrain are used.
14.2
This example consists of several phases: an initial state where tunnel is not yet
digged, the next phase is excavation, the following is concrete lining (with null density)
and in final step concrete reaches its normal density.
Tunnel and terrain dimensions are explained in the figure:
H= 3 m
Concrete
HSEC= 0.5 m
R=7 m
1.5(H+R) m
Soil
1.5(H+R) m
Structures Sketch
E= 21000 MPa
14-1
= 0.25
= 2400 Kg/m3
Soil SW
E= 10000 MPa
= 0.30
= 20000 N/m3
K0= 1.00 (coefficient of earth
pressure at rest)
14.3
RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED
14.4
CALCULATION LOG
14.4.1
Introduction
14-2
In this phase only terrain exists and elements which not belong to this phase are
killed. Only gravity and initial stresses (no strain) are considered:
y =h
x= K0y
h is the height of terrain over the point considered and K0 is coefficient of earth
pressure at rest. ~TIS command generates a file that contains initial stress data that
will be applied to the terrain (defined using ANSYS elements and soil or rock material)
subjected only to the self-weight. To assure this, ~TIS command is executed just
before assigning attributes to concrete, saving database to restore it afterwards
because ~TIS command is only valid in SOLUTION and RST results file is not
available when returning to PREP7. To read the created file (in our case Init.ist) abd
apply initial stress to model command ISFILE is used. In order to have load
equilibrium, it is necessary to apply gravity to the model, if not, imposed stresses
would create deformation in terrain at the first load step.
14.4.1.2
In phase 1 tunnel gap is excavated and elements belonging to the gap are killed.
14.4.1.3
Once tunnel gap is excavated concrete lining begins. Therefore, elements of concrete
material born at this moment. Since density is zero, stresses must be zero.
14.4.1.4
This phase is identical to previous but concrete reaches its desired value applying an
increment of temperature to nodes of concrete elements.
14.4.2
Preprocess
FINISH
~CFCLEAR,,1
~CFACTIV,GETC,Y
14-3
~UNITS,SI
/PREP7
! INPUT PARAMETERS
H=3
R=7
Rint=6.5
HSec=0.5
N_DivArc=9
N_DivWd =2
N_DivPar=6
N_DivExt1=10
N_DivExt2=6
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Depth of tunnel
Radius of tunnel
Inner radius
Concrete section
Number of arc divisions
Number of arc width divisions
Number of parallelogram divisions
Number of external lines divisions
Number of external lines divisions
! ELEMENT TYPE
ET,1,PLANE82
! MATERIALS
~CFMP,1,LIB,SOIL,,SW,0,0,0
~CFMP,1,SOIL,EXST
,,1e+010
~CFMP,1,SOIL,NUxySt ,,0.3
~CFMP,1,SOIL,GAMD
,,20000
~CFMP,1,SOIL,K0
,,1.00
~CFMP,1,DatGen,ALP
,,0.0
MPTEMP,1,0
MP,EX,2,2.1e10
MP,NUXY,2,0.25
MP,DENS,2,0,60
! Soil
! Concrete material
! Density as a function of temperature
! MODEL
K, 1,
0, 0
K, 2,
R, 0
K, 3,
0, HSec
K, 4,
Rint, HSec
K, 5,
0, KY(3)+Rint
K, 6,
0, KY(5)+Hsec
K, 7,
0, KY(1)-1.5*(H+R)
K, 8, kx(2)+1.5*(H+R), KY(7)
K, 9,
0, KY(6)+H
K,10,
KX(8), KY(9)
LSEL,NONE
LARC,4,5,3,Rint*1.001
LARC,6,2,3,R*1.001
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivArc
LSEL,NONE
L,5,6
L,4,2
L,1,3
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivWd
LSEL,NONE
L,3,4
L,1,2
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivPar
LSEL,NONE
L,9,10
L,7,8
L,1,7
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivExt1,4
LSEL,NONE
L,6,9
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivExt2,3
LSEL,NONE
14-4
L,10,8
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivExt1
LSEL,NONE
L,3,5
LESIZE,ALL,,,N_DivPar
ALLSEL,ALL
! AREAS
A,4,2,6,5
A,1,2,4,3
A,1,2,6,5,3
A,1,7,8,10,9,6,2
!
!
!
!
Area
Area
Area
Area
1:
2:
3:
4:
Circular sector
Parallelogram
Circular quadrant (overlaps area 2)
Surround terrain
! MESHING
TYPE,1 $ MAT,1 $ ESHAPE,0
ASEL,S,AREA,,4
AMESH,ALL
CM,TERRAIN,ELEM
ESEL,NONE
ASEL,S,AREA,,3
AMESH,ALL
CM,TUNNEL,ELEM
! Tunnel gap
ALLSEL
CM,TERRAIN_T,ELEM
~CFSAVE,,,,ALL
/SOLU
~TIS,Init,IST,-Y
FINISH
~CFCLEAR,,1
~CFRESUM
/PREP7
ESEL,NONE
ASEL,S,AREA,,1,2
TYPE,1 $ MAT,2 $ ESHAPE,2
AMESH,ALL
CM,CONCRETE,ELEM
ESEL,ALL
! Concrete lining
! Quad mesh
! COMPONENTS
! PHASE 0, Terrain
CMSEL,S,TERRAIN
CMSEL,A,TUNNEL
CM,PHASE0,ELEM
! PHASE 1, Everything but tunnel gap and without concrete lining
CMSEL,U,TUNNEL
CM,PHASE1,ELEM
! PHASE 2, Terrain with tunnel gap and lining
CMSEL,A,CONCRETE
CM,PHASE2,ELEM
! PHASE 3, Same as before
CM,PHASE3,ELEM
14-5
! BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
NSEL,A,LOC,X,Kx(8)
D,ALL,UX
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,Ky(7)
D,ALL,UY
14.4.3
Solution
/SOLU
ALLSEL
NLGEOM,ON
NROPT,FULL,,ON
ESEL,INVE
EKILL,ALL
ESEL,ALL
14-6
~CFSAVE,PHASE3,DB,,ALL
SOLVE
ALLSEL
14.4.4
Postproceso
FINISH
~CFCLEAR,,1
/GRAPHICS,FULL
~CFRESUM,PHASE0,DB
/POST1
SET,1
CMSEL,S,PHASE0
PLNSOL,S,Y
~CFRESUM,PHASE1,DB
/POST1
SET,2
CMSEL,S,PHASE1
PLNSOL,S,Y
~CFRESUM,PHASE2,DB
/POST1
SET,3
CMSEL,S,PHASE2
PLNSOL,S,Y
~CFRESUM,PHASE3,DB
/POST1
SET,4
CMSEL,S,PHASE3
PLNSOL,S,Y
/DSCALE,ALL,AUTO
PLNSOL, U,Y, 2,1.0
14.5
RESULTS
14.5.1
Stresses are distributed evenly according to terrain depth since all model has the
same material.
14-7
MX
DMX =.196E-05
SMN =-512080
SMX =388.391
-512080
-455139
-398198
-341257
-284316
-227375
-170434
-113493
-56553
388.391
MN
PHASE 0: Y-Component of stress
14.5.2
14-8
DMX =.251E-03
SMN =-510620
SMX =39943
-510620
-449446
-388273
-327099
-265925
-204752
-143578
-82405
-21231
39943
MX
MN
14-9
14.5.3
Concrete lining appears, with null density, stresses in lining are almost zero.
DMX =.251E-03
SMN =-510620
SMX =19971
-510620
-451665
-392711
-333756
-274802
-215847
-156892
-97938
-38983
19971
MX
MN
MX
MN
DMX =.251E-03
SMN =-.139E-03
SMX =.473E-04
-.139E-03
-.118E-03
-.974E-04
-.767E-04
-.561E-04
-.354E-04
-.147E-04
.593E-05
.266E-04
.473E-04
14-10
14.5.4
In last phase, concrete has density ( = 24000 N/m3) and stresses appear in lining.
MX
DMX =.313E-03
SMN =-516868
SMX =12312
-516868
-458070
-399273
-340475
-281677
-222879
-164082
-105284
-46486
12312
MN
MX
MN
DMX =.313E-03
SMN =-68713
SMX =11307
-68713
-59822
-50931
-42040
-33149
-24258
-15367
-6476
2415
11307
14-11
14.5.5
MN
DMX =.313E-03
SMN =-.313E-03
SMX =.205E-03
-.313E-03
-.256E-03
-.198E-03
-.140E-03
-.829E-04
-.254E-04
.322E-04
.898E-04
.147E-03
.205E-03
MX
14.6
SUMMARY
With this example user becomes more experimented in non linear analysis such as
birth and death of elements.
14-12