Bài Tập Phương Pháp Tính

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BI TP CHNG 1
SAI S V TNH GN NG
Bi 1.
Xc nh sai s tuyt i gii hn ca s gn ng x = 3,14 thay cho s .
Bi 2.
o trng lng ca 1 dm3 nc 00C nhn c:
p* = 999,847g 0,001g.
Hy xc nh sai s tng i gii hn ca php o trn.
Bi 3.
Mt mnh t hnh ch nht c chiu di d =15,45m v chiu rng
r = 3,94m vi sai s 1cm.
Hy c lng sai s tuyt i gii hn ca din tch S.
Bi 4.
Cho cc s gn ng a =4,7658 v b = 3,456 vi a =5.10-4 v b=10-3;
cn u = a.b. Hy tm sai s tng i gii hn ca a v b; tnh u v c lng
sai s u v u.
Bi 5.
Cho a=12345; v a =0,1%, b=34,56 vi b=0,8%. Xc nh sai s tuyt i
gii hn a; b.
Bi 6.
Cho u = a-b vi a = 55,23 v b = 55,20; a = b = 0,005.
Tnh u, u v u.
Bi 7. Cho u = a/b + c vi a = 125; b = 0,5; c = 5; a = b = 0,1 ; c = 1.
Tnh u v u.
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GII BI TP CHNG 1
SAI S V TNH GN NG
Bi 1.
V 3,14 3,15 nn x 0,01 v c th chn x 0,01 .
Ch : Nu 3,14 3,142 th x 0,002 v do vy ta c gi tr x 0,002 .
Bi 2.
Sai s tng i gii hn ca php o trn l:
p =p/p = 0,001/999,847 = (10-4)%
Bi 3.
Sai s 1cm= 0,01m ta hiu l:
d = 0,01m. Do : d = 15,45m 0,01m
r = 0,01m. Do : r = 3,94m 0,01m
Khi din tch ca mnh t c tnh l:
S = d.r = (15,45m) . (3,94 m) = 60,873 m2
Cch 1.
Ta c: d =d/d = 0,01/15,45 = 6,47.10-4 ;
r = r/r = 0,01/3,94 = 2,54.10-3.
Sai s tng i gii hn ca S l:
S = d + r = 0,01/15,45 + 0,01/3,94 = 3,18.10-3
Sai s tuyt i gii hn ca S l:
S = S. S = (60,873).( 3,18.10-3) = 0,1939.
hay lm trn S = 0,2 m2.
Cch 2.
Vi cn trn l (15,45 + 0,01) .(3,94 + 0,01) = 61,067 m2
v cn di l (15,45 - 0,01) . (3,94 - 0,01) = 60,679m2
hay
60,679 S 61,067
Vy c lng sai s tuyt i gii hn ca S l:

| S-S0| 0,194 m2 = S
hay lm trn S = 0,2 m2
Bi 4.
Ta c: a =a/a = 5.10-4/4,7658 = 1,049.10-4;
b = b/b = 10-3/3,456 = 2,8935.10-4.
Sai s tng i gii hn ca S l:
u = a + b = 5.10-4/4,7658 + 10-3/3,456
= 1,049.10-4 + 2,8935.10-4
= 3,9426.10-4
Ta c: u = a.b = (4,7658).(3,456 ) = 16,470
Sai s tuyt i gii hn ca S l:
u = u.u = (16,47).(3,9426.10-4)

= 6,4935.10-3.
Bi 5.
Vi a=12345; b=34,56 v a =0,1%, b=0,8%.
Ta c: - Sai s tuyt i gii hn a = a.a = 12345.0,1%= 12,345;
- Sai s tuyt i gii hn b = b.b = 34,56.0,8%= 0,27648.
Bi 6.
Ta c u = a - b = 55,23 - 55,20 = 0,03;
a = b = 0,005.
Sai s tuyt i gii hn ca u l: u = a + b = 0,005 +0,005 = 0,01.

Sai s tng i gii hn ca u l: u = u/u = 0,01 / 0,03 = 33,33% .
Bi 7.
Kin thc:
Hm tng i s:
u=a +b
u = a + b
Hm thng:
u=a:b
u = a + b
Tm tt bi:
Cho u = a:b + c vi a = 125; b = 0,5; c = 5; a = b = 0,1; c = 1.
a) Ta c: u = 125:0,5 + 5 = 250 + 5 = 255.
b) t x = a:b suy ra u = x + c. Do u = x + c.
x = x .x m x = a + b = a: a + b: b = 0,1:125 + 0,1:0,5.
Nn x = x .x =
125
(0,1:125+0,1:0,5) = 50,2.
0,5
Do : u = x + c = 50,2 +1 = 51,2.
Vy:
u = u: u = 51,2 : 255 0,2007.
BI TP CHNG 2.
GII GN NG PHNG TRNH SIU VIT V I S
1. Tch nghim phng trnh
Bai 1.
Cho phng trnh:
f x 4 x 5 3x 4 2 x 3 x 2 5 x 1 0 .
Tm khong cha nghim ca hm s f(x).

Bai 2.
Cho phng trnh:
5x5 - 8x3 + 2x 2 - x + 6 = 0.
Tm cn trn nghim dng ca phng trnh trn
Bai 3.
Cho phng trnh:
2x5 - 4x4 + x3 -5x 2 - 3x + 7 = 0
Tm cn trn nghim dng ca phng trnh trn.
2. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php chia i
Bai 4.
Bang phng phap chia oi tm nghiem gan ung phng trnh:
f(x) x 4 2 x 3 x 1 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: x 0 ;1 vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .

Bai 5.
Tm nghiem dng cua phng trnh f(x) = x2 + 2x 0,5 trong khong [0;1]
theo phng phap chia oi.
Bai 6.
Bang phng phap chia oi tm nghiem gan ung phng trnh sau:
f(x) x 3 x 1 0 .
vi sai so khong qua10 -3 .
Bai 7.
Bang phng phap chia oi tm nghiem gan ung phng trnh:
f(x) x 3 2x 7 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: (1; 2), vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .
3. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php lp
Bai 8.
Gii phng trnh x5 - 40 x + 3 = 0; x[0,1], bng phng php lp.
Bai 9.
Gii gn ng phng trnh f(x) = x3+x-1000=0 bng phng php lp. Bit
khong cha nghim l [9, 10].
Bai 10.
Tm nghim nghim gn ng phng trnh:
x3 + x2 -1 = 0
bng phng php lp. Bit khong phn ly nghim l [0; 1].
Bai 11.
x3 x 1000 0
bng phng php lp. Bit khong phn ly nghim l [1000/1001; 1001].
4. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php tip tuyn
Bai 12.
3
tnh gn ng 15 ta gii phng trnh x3 -15 = 0 trn on [2,3].
Bai 13.
Tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh:
f x x 3 0,2 x 2 0,2 x 1,2 0
bng phng php tip tuyn. Bit khong cch ly nghim l: (1,1; 1,4).
Bai 14.
f x x 4 3 x 2 75 x 10000 0
bng phng php tip tuyn. Bit khong cch ly nghim l: (-11;- 10).
Bai 15.
Tm nghiem dng cua phng trnh f(x) = x2 + 2x 0.5 trong khong cha
nghim: [0,1] theo phng phap Newton (phng php tip tuyn).
4. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php dy cung
Bai 16.
Gii gn ng phng trnh sau:
x3 - x - 1 = 0
bng phng php dy cung.
Bai 17
Bang phng phap day cung tm nghiem gan ung phng trnh:
f(x) x 3 0,2 x 2 0,2 x 1,2 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: [1,1; 1,4], vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .
Bai 18 Bang phng phap day cung tm nghiem dng gan ung phng
trnh:
f(x) x 3 x 1 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: [1; 2], vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .
Bai 19
Bang phng phap day cung tm nghiem dng gan ung phng trnh:
f(x) x 4 2 x 4 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: (1; 1,7), vi sai so khong qua 10-2 .
GIAI BI TP CHNG 2.
GII GN NG PHNG TRNH SIU VIT V I S
1. Tch nghim phng trnh
Bi 1.
T phng trnh f x 4 x 5 3x 4 2 x 3 x 2 5 x 1 0 , ta c:
a0 4; a1 3; a 2 2; a3 1; a4 5; a 5 1.
m1 maxai ; i 1, n max 3 ; 2 ; 1 ; 5 ; 1 5
m 2 maxai ; i 0, n 1 max4 ; 3 ; 2 ; 1; 5 5
Suy ra
x1
1
1 5
x 1
5
x2
4
1
9
x .
6
4
Bi 2. T phng trnh: 5x5 - 8x3 + 2x2 - x + 6 = 0, ta c:

a0 = 5; a 1 = 0; a 2 = -8; a3 = 2; a 4 = -1; a5 = 6.
Do a 2 = -8 l h s m u tin, nn m = 2
a max 8 ; 1 = max8;1 8 .
Vy cn trn ca nghim dng:

N 1
8
.
5
Bi 3. T phng trnh: 2x 5 - 4x 4 + x3 -5x2 - 3x + 7 = 0, ta c

a 0 = 2; a1 = -4; a2 = 1; a3 = -5; a4 = -3; a5 = 7.
Do a 1 = - 4 l h s m u tin, nn m = 1
a max 4 ; 5 ; 3 5 .
Vy cn trn ca nghim dng:
N 1
5 7
3,5 .
2 2
2. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php chia i

Bi 4.
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(0)= -1 < 0; f(1) = 1>0. Suy ra: f(0).f(1) = (-1).1= -1 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x [0;1].
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
p dng phng php chia i .
Bng kt qu:
an
bn
a n bn
a bn
f n
0,5
f 0,5 = -1,19
0,5
0,75
f 0,75 =-0,59
0,75
0,875
f 0,875 =0,051
0,75
0,875
0,8125
f 0,8125 =-0,3039
0,8125
0,875
0,8438
f 0,8438 =-0,1353
0,8438
0,875
0,8594
f 0,8594 =-0,0444
0,8594
0,875
0,8672
f 0,8672 =0,0027
lim a n lim bn 0,8672

n
Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 0,8672.

Bi 5. f(x) = x2 + 2x 0,5
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(0)= -1/2 < 0; f(1) = 5/2>0. Suy ra: f(0).f(1) = (-1/2).(5/2)= -5/4 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x [0,1].
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
p dng phng php chia i .
Bng kt qu:
n
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
an
0
0
0
0,125
0,1875
0,21875
0,21875
bn
cn = (an+bn)/2
1
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,125
0,25
0,1875
0,25
0,21875
0,25
0,234375
0,234375
0,2265625
lim an lim bn 0,22656
n
Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 0,22656 .

Bai 6:
-Tach nghiem: Phng trnh co mot nghiem x 1;2
- Chnh xac hoa nghiem: f(1)=-1<0; f(2)=5>0.
f(cn )
0,75
0,0625
-0,23438
-0,08984
-0,01465
0,023682
0,004456
Bang ket qua:

n
an
a bn
f n
bn
0
1
2
f(1,5)=0,875
1
1
1,5
f(1,25)=-0,297
2
1,25
1,5
f(1,375)=0,225
3
1,25
1,375
f(1,313)=-0,052
4
1,313
1,375
f(1,344)=0,084
5
1,313
1,344
f(1,329)=0,016
6
1,313
1,329
f(1,321)=-0,016
7
1,321
1,329
f(1,325)=0,001
Vay x 1,325 .
Bai 7:
-Tach nghiem: Phng trnh co mot nghiem x 1;2
f(1) = - 4 < 0;
f(2) = 5 > 0.
- Chnh xac hoa nghiem:
Bang ket qua:
a bn
n
an
bn
f n
0 1,0
2,0
f(1,5) =3,375+3-7= - 0,625 < 0
1 1,5
2,0
f(1,75) = 5,359+3,5-7=1,859 > 0
2 1,5
1,75 f(1,625)=4,291+3,25-7=0,541> 0
3 1,5
1,625 f(1,563)=3,818+4,689-7=- 0,056 < 0
4 1,563 1,625 f(1,594)= 4,050+3,188-7=0,238> 0
5 1,563 1,594 f(1,579)= 3,937+3,158-7=0,095> 0
6 1,563 1,579 f(1,571)=3,877+3,142-7=0,019> 0
7 1,563 1,571 f(1,567)=3,848+3,134-7=-0,018<0
8 1,567 1,571 f(1,569)=3,863+3,138-7=0,001
Vay nghiem can tm co o chnh xac 10-3 la: x 1,569 .
3. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php lp
Bai 8.
Gii phng trnh x5 - 40 x + 3 = 0; x[0,1], bng phng php lp.
Hng dn.
-Tach nghiem:
Ta c: f(0) = 3 > 0; f(1) = -36< 0. Suy ra: f(0).f(1) = 3.(-36)= -108 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1: Phng trnh co mot nghiem x 0;1 .

Ta a phng trnh cho v dng:
x = (x5+3)/40 .
t:
g(x) = (x5+3)/40.
Ta thy g(x) tho mn: 0 g(x) 1
0 g/(x) = x4/8 1/8 = q <1 ; vi x[0,1]
Vi x0 = 0,5, EPSILON = 0,0001 sau 4 ln lp chng ta c x = 0,075.
Bai 9.
Gii gn ng phng trnh f(x) = x3+x-1000 = 0 bng phng php lp. Bit
khong cha nghim l [9, 10].
Hng dn
Cch 1.
D thy f(9).f(10) <0 nn phng trnh c nghim trong khong (9,10). Ta c 3
cch a phng trnh v cc dng sau:
a) x=1(x) = 1000-x3
b) x=2(x) = 1000/x2 -1/x
c) x=3(x) = (1000-x)1/3
Ta xt tng trng hp:
d) 1(x) = -3 x2; max |1(x)| =300 >>1
e) 2(x) = -2000.x-3 + x-2; |2(10)| 2
f) 3(x) = -(1000-x) -2/3/3; |3(x)| 1/(3 . 9992/3 ) 1/300 =q
Hai hm u khng tha mn cc tnh cht | (x) | <1.Cn hm 3(x) hi t rt
nhanh v q rt b.
Cch 2.
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(9) = -262 < 0; f(10) = 10 > 0. Suy ra: f(9).f(10) = -2620 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x [9; 10].
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
x3 x 1000 0 x 3 1000 x ; x 1000 x 3 ; x
1000
x2 1
1
1
g / x 1; x 9,10 .
2
3 3 1000 x
t g x 3 1000 x . Suy ra g / x .
Khi p dng phng php lp (chn x 0 = 9). Ta c bng kt qu sau:

n
0
1
2
xn
x0 = 9
x1 = 9,97
x2 = 9,967
xn 1 g xn 3 1000 x
g x0 g 9 9,97
g x1 g 9,97 9,967
g x2 g 9,967 9,967

x3 x4 103
Bai 10.
x3 + x2 -1 = 0
bng phng php lp. Bit khong phn ly nghim l [0; 1].
Gii:
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(0) = -1 < 0; f(1) = 1 > 0. Suy ra: f(0)f(1) = (-1).1 = -1 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x [0; 1].
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
1
x3 x 2 1 0 x
t g x
1
x 1
x 1
1
. Suy ra g / x
2
x 1
g / x 1; x 0,1 ;
Khi p dng phng php lp (chn x 0 = 0,75). Ta c bng kt qu sau:

n
0
1
2
3
xn 1 g x n 1 / xn 1
g x0 g 0,75 0,7559
g x1 g 0,7559 0,754658
g x 2 g 0,754658 0,754924
g x3 g 0,754924 0,754867
xn
x0 = 0,75
x1 = 0,7559
x2 = 0,754658
x3 = 0,754924
x3 x 4 10 4
Bai 11.
x3 x 1000 0
bng phng php lp. Bit khong phn ly nghim l [1000/1001; 1001].
Gii:
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(1000/1001) = -1,002 < 0; f(1001) = 100300000 > 0.
Suy ra: f(1000/1001).f(1001)=(-1,002).100300000 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x [1000/1001; 1001].
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
x 3 x 1000 0 x x 3 1000; x 3 x 1000 ; x
Gi s chn phng trnh: x x 3 1000 .

t g x x 3 1000 . Suy ra g / x 3x 2 3;
x 1000
1000
.
;x 2
2
x
x 1
x [1000/1001; 1001].
vi hm g(x) nh vy phng php lp khng c hy vng hi t.

Gi s chn phng trnh: x 3 x 1000 .
t g x 3 x 1000 . Suy ra: g / x
1
1
3
1; x [1000/1001; 1001].
3 x 10002
Khi p dng phng php lp (chn x0 = 1). Ta c bng kt qu sau:

n
0
1
2
xn 1 g xn 3 xn 1000
g x0 g 1 10,003
g x1 g 10,003 10,033
g x 2 g 10,033 10,033
xn
x0 = 1
x1 = 10,003
x2 = 10,033
x1 x 2 10 3
Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 10,033..

4. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php tip tuyn
Bai 12.
3
tnh gn ng 15 ta gii phng trnh x3 -15 =0 trn on [2,3].
Hng dn.
D kim tra thy f(2).f(3) < 0; f (x) =3x2 >0; f (x) =6x > 0 trn on
[2,3] v x0=3 l im Fourier v do cc o hm f (x) v f (x) khng i du trn
[2,3] nn
m = min { |f (a)|, |f (b)| } = min{12, 27} = 12 > 0.
p dng cng thc xk 1 xk

xk 1 xk
f xk
. Ta c:
f / xk
xk3 15 2
5
xk 2
2
3 xk
3
xk
Ta c x1 = 2,5556; x2 = 2,4693
Sai s |x2- x*| < |f(x2)|/m = 0,005.
Bai 13.
f x x 3 0,2 x 2 0,2 x 1,2 0
bng phng php tip tuyn. Bit khong cch ly nghim l: (1,1; 1,4).
Gii:
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(1,1)= -0,331 < 0; f(1,4) = 0,872 >0.
Suy ra: f(1,1).f(1,4) = (-0,331).0,872= -0,289 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x (1,1; 1,4).
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
f (x) = 3x2 -0,4x-0,2 x 1,1; 1,4
f (x) = 6x - 0,4 x 1,1; 1,4
p dng phng php tip tuyn, ta c:
Gi s nu chn x 0 = 1,1 th f(1,1). f(1,1) = (-0,331).6,2 < 0 khng tho iu
kin hi t Furi.
Chn vi x0 = 1,4 khi f(1,4). f (1,4) = 0,872.8 > 0 tho iu kin hi t Furi
nn qu trnh lp s hi t n nghim.
Ta c bng kt qu sau:
n
0
1
2
3
4
xn
x0 = 1,400
x1 = 1,230
x2 = 1,201
x3 = 1,200
x4 = 1,200
f xn / f
xn
0,170
0,029
0,001
0,000
xn 1 xn f xn / f
xn
x1 = 1,4 - 0,170 = 1,230

x2 = 1,230 - 0,029 = 1,201
x3 = 1,201 - 0,001 = 1,200
x4 = 1,200 - 0,000 = 1,200

Bai 14.
f x x 4 3 x 2 75 x 10000 0
bng phng php tip tuyn. Bit khong cch ly nghim l: (-11;- 10).
Gii:
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(-11)= 3453 ; f(-10) = -1050.
Suy ra: f(-11)f(-10) = 3453.(-1050) < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x (-11; -10).
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
f (x) = 4x3 - 6x + 75 < 0 x 11;10
f (x) = 12x2 - 6 x 11;10
Gi s nu chn x 0 = -10 th f(-10). f(-10) = (-1050).1194< 0 khng tho iu
kin hi t Furi.
Chn vi x0 = -11 khi f(-11).f (-11) > 0 tho iu kin hi t Furi nn qu
trnh lp s hi t n nghim.
Ta c bng kt qu sau:
n
0
1
2
3
4
xn
x0 = -11
x1 = -10,334
x2 = -10,262
x3 = -10,261
x4 = -10,261
f xn / f
xn
3453/(-5183)
309/(-4277)
4,335/(-4186,137)
0,149/(-4184,879)
xn 1 xn f xn / f
x1= -10,334
x2= -10,262
x3= -10,261
x4= -10,261
xn
Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x -10,261.

Bai 15.
Tm nghiem dng cua phng trnh f(x) = x2 + 2x 0.5 trong khoang
cha nghim: [0,1] theo phng phap Newton (phng php tip tuyn).
Gii:
- Tch nghim:
Ta c: f(0)= -0,5 ; f(1) = 2,5.
Suy ra: f(0).f(1) = (-0,5).2,5 < 0.
Nn theo nh l 1 phng trnh cho c mt nghim x (0; 1).
- Chnh xc ho nghim:
f (x) = 2x + 2 = 2(x + 1) > 0 x 0; 1
f (x) = 2 x 0; 1
Chn vi x0 = 0 khi f(0).f (0) = (-0.5).2 = -1 < 0 khng tho iu kin hi t
Furi nn qu trnh lp s khng hi t n nghim.
Chn vi x0 = 1 khi f(1).f (1) = (2.5).2 = 5 > 0 tho iu kin hi t Furi
nn qu trnh lp s hi t n nghim.
Ta c bng kt qu sau:
Ta co ket qua nh sau:
i
x
f(x)
f'(x) x1=x0-f(x0)/f'(x0)
x1-x0
1
0,5
0,75
3
0,25
-0,25
2
0,25
0,0625
2,5
0,225
-0,025
3
0,225 0,000625 2,45
0,224744898
-0,00026
4. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php dy cung
Bai 16. Bang phng phap day cung tm nghiem dng gan ung phng
trnh:
f(x) x 3 x 1 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: [1; 2], vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .
Gii.
- Tach nghiem: Phng trnh co mot nghiem x 1;2
- Chnh xac hoa nghiem: f(1)=-1; f(2)=5.
Bang ket qua:
af (b) bf ( a)
f x k
n
an
bn
x
k
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Vay
1
1,167
1,253
1,293
1,311
1,319
1,322
1,324
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
f (b) f (a)
1,167
1,253
1,293
1,311
1,319
1,322
1,324
1,324
-0,578
-0,286
-0,131
-0,058
-0,024
-0,012
-0,003
0
x 1,324 .
Bai 17
Bang phng phap day cung tm nghiem gan ung phng trnh:
f(x) x 3 0,2 x 2 0,2 x 1,2 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: [1,1; 1,4], vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .
Gii.
- Tach nghiem: Phng trnh co mot nghiem x 1,1; 1,4
- Chnh xac hoa nghiem: f(1,1)= -0,331 <0; f(1,4)= 0,872 >0.
f / x 3 x 2 0,4 x 0,2 ; f // x 6 x 0,4 ; f / x 0 ; f // x 0 x 1,1; 1,4 .
Bang ket qua:
af (b) bf ( a)
f x k
n
an
bn
x
k
0
1
1,1
1,1825
1,4
1,4
f (b) f (a )
1,18254
1,19709
-0,06252
-0,01056
Vay x 1,197
Bai 18
Bang phng phap day cung tm nghiem dng gan ung phng trnh:
f(x) x 4 2 x 4 0
biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: (1; 1,7), vi sai so khong qua 10-2 .
Gii
-Tach nghiem: Phng trnh co mot nghiem dng x 1; 1,7
f(1) = - 5 < 0;
f(1,7) = 0,952 > 0.
Bang ket qua:
b a i f a i
f x i
an
bn
x a i
i
1,7
1,588 1,7
1,639 1,7
1,642 1,7
f b i f a i
1,7 1f 1 1,588
f 1,7 f 1
1,7 1,588f 1,588 1,639
x 2 1,588
f 1,7 f 1,588
f 1,588 0,817 0
1,7 1,639f 1,639 1,642

f 1,7 f 1,639
1,7 1,642f 1,642 1,643
x 3 1,642
f 1,7 f 1,642
f 1,642 0,016 0
x1 1
x 3 1,639
f 1,639 0,051 0
f 1,643 0, 004 0
Vay nghiem can tm co o chnh xac 10-2 la: x 1,64 .
BI TP CHNG 3.
GII HE PHNG TRNH I S TUYEN TNH

Bai 1. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Cramer
x1 2 x2 x3 1
2 x1 5 x2 x3 6
- x 4 x 2 x 2
2
3
1

x1 x 2 x3 2
2 x1 x2 2 x3 6
x 2 x 3x 2
2
3
1

x1 2 x2 x3 2
2 x1 x 2 4 x3 1
3 x 4 x x 0
2
3
1

8
- x1 2 x 2
3x1 x 2 x 3 2
- 2 x x
1
1
2

2 x1 3 x2 x3 6
x1 2 x 2 x3 5
3x2 x3 2

x1 2 x 2 4 x3 31
5 x1 x2 2 x3 29
3 x x x
10
2
3
1
Bai 7. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Gauss

x1 x2 x3 x4 5
2 x 3 x x x 5
1
2
3
4
3 x1 4 x 2 x3 3 x4 8
5 x1 8 x2 3 x3 3 x4 8

x1 2 x 2 x3 x 4 4
2 x 5 x x 3 x 13
1
2
3
4
2 x2 x3 x 4 4
3 x1 6 x 2 3x3 x 4 10
x1
2 x
1
x1
3x
1
2 x1
x2
4x2
x3
3x 2
2x4
5x 4
5x 4
3
14
7 x2
3 x3
9x4
8x 2
4 x3
2x4
22
Bai 10. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap lap Gauss Siedel
4 x1 0,24 x2 0,08 x3 8
3 x2 0,15 x3 9
0,09 x1
0,04 x 0,08 x
4 x3 20
1
2
Bai 11. Giai he phng trnh sau bang phng phap lap Gauss Siedel
10 x1 x2 x3 15
2 x1 10 x2 x3 25
2 x 2 x 10 x 36
2
3
1
Bai 12. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap lap Gauss Siedel
5 x1 x2 x3 5
x1 5 x2 x3 1
x x 5x 1
2
3
1
Bai 13. Giai he phng trnh sau bang phng phap lap Gauss Siedel:
10 x1 2 x2 x3 3
x1 10 x2 2 x3 13
- 2 x x 10 x 26
2
3
1
8 x1 2 x2 x3 5
x1 6 x2 x3 4
x 3 x 9 x 5
2
3
1
5 x1 x2 x3 6
x1 6 x2 x3 8
2 x x 8 x 8
3
1 2
Bai 1:
Hng dan: Ta co D 1 0 ; he phng trnh a cho la he Cramer.
ap an: Nghiem cua he phng trnh a cho la: x1 40 ; x2 15 ; x3 11 .
Bai 2: Hng dan: Ta co D 18 0 ; he phng trnh a cho la he Cramer.
ap an: Nghiem cua he phng trnh a cho la: x1 1; x2 2 ; x3 1.
7
2
5
2
ap an: Nghiem cua he phng trnh a cho la: x1 ; x2 2 ; x3 .

Bai 7: Hng dan: Bien oi ma tran m rong cua he a ve dang:
1
0
A
0
-1
-1
: 5
-3 : -5
- 3 : - 2
10 : 0
He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh sau:

x4 5
x1 x2 x3
x 2 3 x3 3 x 4 - 5
x3 3 x 4 2
10 x 4 0
ap an: Vay he a cho co nghiem duy nhat la: x1 18 ; x2 11 ; x3 2 ; x4 0

Bai 8: Hng dan: Bien oi ma tran m rong cua he a cho ve dang:
1
0
A
0
-1
-5
-1
-2
: 4
: 5
: - 6
: - 2
He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh sau:

x1 2 x2 x3 x 4 4
x 2 3 x3 x 4 5
5
x
6
3
4
2x4 - 2
ap an: Vay he a cho co nghiem duy nhat la: x1 2 ; x2 1 ; x3 1 ; x4 1 .
Bai 9: Giai he phng trnh

x1
2 x
1
x1
3x
1
2 x1
x2
4x2
x3
3x 2
2x4
5x 4
5x 4
3
14
7 x2
3 x3
9x4
8x 2
4 x3
2x4
22
Ta bien oi ma tran bo sung:

1
2
1
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 2
1 5
0 5
3 9
5
1
1
0
(1)
3 0
14
0
0
22
8 4 2
1
2 1
0 1
0 1 5
1
0 2
2 1 1
0
1 2
0 3
0 0
6 4 2
5
1
11
0
( 3)
3 0
7
0
0
1
0 2
2 1 1
0
1 2
0 3
0 3
11
( 2)
8
29
32
5
11
(4)
3
4
4
11
3
4
0
(1)
d1(-2) + d2
d1(-1) + d3
d1(-3) + d4
d1(-2) + d5
(2)
d2(-1) + d3
d2(-2) + d4
d2(-3) + d5
(3)
d 3 + d4
d3 + d5
(4)
d 4 + d5
Vay ta a a ve he phng trnh tng ng co dang tam giac:

2 x4
x1 x2
2x x x
2
3
4
2
x
3
4
3x4
5
11
3
4
He nay co mot nghiem duy nhat (giai t phng trnh cuoi i ngc len):
x4
4
17
29
.
, x3 , x 2 2 , x1
3
3
3
29
17
4
Vay nghiem o la: , 2 , , .
3
Bai 10:
T he phng trnh a cho:
4 x1 0,24 x2 0,08 x3 8
0,09 x1 3 x2 0,15x3 9
0,04 x 0,08 x
4 x3 20
1
2
Suy ra:
0,06 x2 0,02 x3 2
x1
0,05 x3 3
x2 0,03 x1
x 0,01x 0,02 x
5
1
2
3
Ta co: x B x g , vi:
- 0,06
0
B 0,03 0
0,01 0,02
0,02
2

0,05 , g 3 .
5
0

e kiem tra ieu kien hoi tu ta tnh:

3
0 0,06 0,02 0,08 ;
1j
j 1
3
2j
0,03 0 0,05 0,08 ;
j 1
3
3j
0,01 0,02 0 0,03 .
j 1
Max bij Max{0,08;0,08;0,03} 0,08 1

i
j 1
thoa man ieu kien hoi tu.

Ap dung phng phap Gauss - Siedel
Chon x0 0;0;0 ta co bang ket qua sau:
xi
x1
x2
x3
x4
x1
x2
x3
2
3
5
1,92
3,19
5,04
1,9094
3,1944
5,0446
1,90923
3,19495
5,04485
Vay nghiem cua he phng trnh:
x1 = 1,90923;
x2 = 3,19495; x3 = 5,04485.
Bai 11:
10 x1 x2 x3 15
2 x1 10 x2 x3 25
2 x 2 x 10 x 36
2
3
1
Suy ra:
0,1x2 0,1x3 1,5
x1
0,1x3 2,5
x2 0,2 x1
x 0,2 x 0,2 x
3,6
1
2
3
0
B 0,2
0,2
- 0,1
0
- 0,2
- 0,1
1,5

- 0,1 , g 2,5 .
3,6
0


3
0 0,1 0,1 0,2 ;
1j
j 1
3
2j
0,2 0 0,1 0,3 ;
j 1
0,2 0,2 0 0,4 ;
3j
j 1
3
Max bij Max{0,2;0,3;0,4} 0,4 1 .

i
j 1

xi
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
x1
x2
1,5
2,5
0,89
1,84
1,036
2,042
0,990
1,987
1,003
2,004
0,999
1,999
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
x1 = 1,000; x2 = 2,000;
x3
3,6
2,8
3,054
2,984
3,005
2,999
3,000
3,000
x3 = 3,000.
Bai 12:
5 x1 x2 x3 5
x1 5 x2 x3 1
x x 5x 1
2
3
1
Suy ra:
0,2 x2 0,2 x3 1,0
x1
0,2 x3 0,2
x2 0,2 x1
x 0,2 x 0,2 x
0,2
1
2
3
0
B 0,2
0,2
- 0,2
0
- 0,2
- 0,2
1,0

- 0,2 , g 0,2 .
0,2
0


3
0 0,2 0,2 0,4 ;
1j
j1
3
2j
0,2 0 0,2 0,4 ;
3j
0,2 0,2 0 0,4 ;
j1
3
b
j1
Max b ij Max{0,4; 0,4; 0,4} 0,4 1

i
j1
(thoa man ieu kien hoi tu).

xi
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x1
x2
1,00
0,20
0,92
-0,04
1,016
0,024
0,995
-0,008
0,997
-0,001
x1 = 1;
x2 = 0;
x3 = 0.
x3
0,20
-0,04
0,024
-0,008
-0,001
Bai 13:

10 x1 2 x2 x3 3
x1 10 x2 2 x3 13
- 2 x x 10 x 26
2
3
1
Suy ra:
0,2 x 2 0,1x3 0,3
x1
0,2 x3 1,3
x2 0,1x1
x 0,2 x 0,1x
2,6
1
2
3
0
B 0,1
0,2
0,2
0
0,1
0,1
0,3

0,2 , g 1,3 .
2,6
0


3
0 0,2 0,1 0,3 ;
1j
j 1
3
2j
0,1 0 0,2 0,3 ;
j 1
3
0,2 0,1 0 0,3 ;
3j
j 1
3
Max bij Max{0,3;0,3;0,3} 0,3 1 .

i
j 1

xi
x1
x2
x3
x1
x2
0,3
1,3
0,82
1,84
0,949
1,940
x1 1,000; x2 2,000;
x3
2,6
2,79
2,949
x3 3,000.
Bai 14:
8 x1 2 x2 x3 5
x1 6 x2 x3 4
x 3 x 9 x 5
2
3
1
Suy ra:
0,25 x2 0,125x3 0,625
x1
0,16 x3 0,6
x2 0,16 x1
x 0,11x 0,33x
0,55
1
2
3
0
B 0,16
0,11
0,25
0
0,33
0,125
0,625
0,16 , g 0,6 .
0,55
0

3
0 0,25 0,125 0,375 ;
1j
j 1
3
2j
0,16 0 0,16 0,32 ;
j 1
3
3j
0,11 0,33 0 0,44 ;
j 1
3
Max bij Max{0,375;0,32;0,44} 0,44 1 .

i
j 1

xi
x1
x2
x3
x4
x1
0,625
0,843
0,944
0,966
x2
0,6
0,822
0,897
0,904
x3
0,55
0,913
0,940
0,966
x5
x6
0,971
0,909
0,971
0,909
x1 0,971; x2 0,909;
Bai 15:
0,956
0,956
x3 0,956.
5 x1 x2 x3 6
x1 6 x2 x3 8
2 x x 8 x 8
3
1 2
Suy ra:
0,2 x2 0,2 x3
1,2
x1
0,167 x3 1,333
x2 0,167 x1
x 0,25 x 0,125x
1,0
1
2
3
0,2 - 0,2
0
1,2
B 0,167 0
0,167 , g 1,333 .
0,25 0,125 0
1,0

3
0 0,2 0,2 0,4 ;
1j
j 1
2j
0,167 0 0,167 0,334 ;
j 1
3
3j
0,25 0,125 0 0,375 ;
j 1
3
Max bij Max{0,4;0,334;0,375} 0,4 1 .

i
j 1

xi
x1
x2
x3
x1
1,200
0,733
0,900
x2
-1,333
-0,966
-1,122
x3
1,000
0,533
0,696
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
x9
0,836
-1,066
0,860
-1,087
0,851
-1,079
0,854
-1,083
0,853
-1,081
0,853
-1,081
x1 0,853; x2 -1,081;
0,635
0,658
0,649
0,652
0,651
0,651
x3 0,651.

BI TP CHNG 4:
A THC NI SUY V PHNG PHP BNH PHNG B NHT

(PHN HM NI SUY NEWTON)
Bi 17.
Cho ham so f(x) thoa man:
xi
0
2
4
f(xi)
5
-2
1
Xy dng hm ni suy Newton.
Bi 18.
Cho ham so f(x) thoa man
xi
-1
0
1
2
f(xi)
3
1
-2
4
Bi 19.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
3
2
-1
5
Bi 20.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
2
3
-1
5
Bi 21.
xi
-1
0
1
2
f(xi)
3
4
6
7
Bi 22.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
17
27,5
76
210,5
BI GII

Bi 17.
xi
0
f(xi)
5
Lp bng sai phn:
2
-2
xi
f(xi)
-2
-7
4
1
2f(xi)
f(x i)
10
Hm ni suy Newton:
Ln x 5 7
Vi:
x x0
x x0 x x1
10
1.h
2!.h 2
x0 = 0; x1 = 2; x2 = 4; h = 2 v n = 2. Ta c:
L2 x 5 7
x0
x 0 x 2 5 x2 6 x 5 .
10
1.2
1.2.22
4
Bi 18.
Xy dng hm ni suy Newton tho mn:
xi
f(xi)
-1
3
0
1
1
-2
Gii.
Lp bng sai phn:
xi
f(xi)
-1
-2
-2
-3
Hm ni suy Newton:
f(x i)
2f(xi)
3 f(xi)
-1
9
10
2
4

Ln x 3 2
Vi:
x x0 x x0 x x1
x x0 x x1 x x2
10
2
1.h
2!.h
3!.h3
x0 = -1; x1 = 0; x2 = 1; x3 = 2; h = 1 v n = 3. Ta c:
x (1) x 1 x 0
x 1x 0x 1
10
1
1.2
1.2.3
5 3 1 2 25
x x
x 1 .
3
2
6
L3 x 3 2
Bi 19.
xi
f(xi)
Lp bng sai phn:
1
3
2
2
3
-1
2f(xi)
xi
f(xi)
-1
-1
-3
-2
f(x i)
4
5
3 f(xi)
11
Hm ni suy Newton:
Ln x 3
Vi:
x x0 x x1 11 x x0 x x1 x x2
x x0
2
1.h
2!.h 2
3!.h3
x0 = 1; x1 = 2; x2 = 3; x3 = 4; h = 1 v n = 3. Ta c:
x 1
x 1x 2 11 x 1x 2 x 3
2
1
1 .2
1.2.3
11
133
x 3 12 x 2
x9
6
6
L3 x 3
Bi 20.
xi
1
f(xi)
2
Lp bng sai phn:
xi
f(xi)
2
3
f(x i)
3
-1
2f(xi)
3 f(xi)
4
5

1
-1
-4
-5
10
15
Hm ni suy Newton:
Ln x 2
Vi:
x x0
x x0 x x1 15 x x0 x x1 x x2
5
1.h
2!.h 2
3!.h3
x0 = 1; x1 = 2; x2 = 3; x3 = 4; h = 1 v n = 3. Ta c:
x 1x 2 15 x 1x 2x 3
x 1
5
1
1 .2
1.2.3
15
35
x3 x 2 36 x 19 .
6
2
L3 x 2
Bi 21.
xi
-1
f(xi)
3
Lp bng sai phn:
0
4
1
6
2f(xi)
xi
f(xi)
-1
-1
f(x i)
3 f(xi)
-2
Hm ni suy Newton:
Ln x 3
Vi:
x x0 x x0 x x1
x x0 x x1 x x2
2
2
1.h
2!.h
3!.h 3
x0 = -1; x1 = 0; x2 = 1; x3 = 2; h = 1 v n = 3. Ta c:
x (1) x 1 x 0
x 1x 0x 1
2
1
1.2
1.2.3
1 3 1 2 11
x x x4 .
3
2
6
L3 x 3
2
7

Bi 22.
xi
1
f(xi)
17
Lp bng sai phn:
2
27,5
3
76
2f(xi)
xi
f(xi)
17
27,5
10,5
76
48,5
38
210,5
134,5
86
f(x i)
3 f(xi)
48
Hm ni suy Newton:
Ln x 17 10,5
Vi:
x x0
x x0 x x1 48 x x0 x x1 x x2
38
1.h
2!.h 2
3!.h3
x0 = 1; x1 = 2; x2 = 3; x3 = 4; h = 1 v n = 3. Ta c:
x 1
x 1x 2 48 x 1x 2 x 3
38
1
1 .2
1.2.3
3
2
8 x 29 x 41,5 x 3,5
L3 x 17 10,5
4
210,5
wWw.kenhdaihoc.com - Knh thng tin -Hc tp - Gii tr

Bai 1. Cho a thc p(x) = 3x5 + 8x4 2x2 + x 5. Dng s Hoocner:
a. Tnh p(3)
b. Xc nh a thc p(y-2).
Bai 2. Cho p x x 6 5x 4 2 x 3 x 1 . Dng s Hoocner:
a. Tnh p(-1).
b. Xc nh a thc p(y+3).
Bai 3. Cho p x 2 x 6 4 x 5 x 2 x 2 . Dng s Hoocner:
a. Tnh p(2).
b. Xc nh p(y+2).
Bai 4. Cho p x x5 2 x 4 x3 3x 2 4 x 1 . Dng s Hoocner:
a. Tnh p(-1,5).
b. Xc nh p(y-1,5).
Bai 5. Cho p x 3x 3 2 x 2 5x 7 . Dng s Hoocner:
a. Tnh p(3).
b. Xc nh p(y-3).
Gii.
Bai 1.
a) p dng s Hoocner:
3
p(x)
-2
51
153
453 1362
17
51
151
454 1357
c=3
3
-5
Vy p(3) = 1357.
b) Xc nh a thc p(y-2)
p(y-2)
3
c = -2
3
8
-6
2
-6
0
-4
-4
8
-2
8
6
-8
1
-12
-11
4
-5
22
17

3
-4
-6
-10
-6
-16
-6
-22
3
3
3
4
20
24
32
56
-2
-48
-50
-7
Vy a thc p(y-2) = 3y5 -22y4 +56y3 -50y2 -7y +17.

Bai 2. Ta co: p x x 6 5x 4 2 x 3 x 1
a) p dng s Hoocner:
1
p(x)
c=-1
-5
-1
-1
-1
-6
-5
-1
-4
-6
-6
Vy p(-1) = -6.
b) Xc nh a thc p(y+3)
p(y+3)
1
c=3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
3
3
6
3
9
3
12
3
15
3
18
-5
9
4
18
22
27
49
36
85
45
130
2
12
14
66
80
147
227
255
482
0
42
42
240
282
681
963
-1
126
125
846
971
Vy a thc p(y+3) = y6 +18y5 +130y4 +482y3 +963y2 +971y +374.
-1
375
374

Bai 3.
px 2 x 6 4 x 5 x 2 x 2
a) p dng s Hoocner:
p(x)
-1
4
8
16
16
32
32
64
63
126
127
254
256
c=2
Vy p(2) = 256.
b) Xc nh a thc p(y+2)
p(y+2)
2
c=2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
8
4
12
4
16
4
20
4
24
4
28
0
16
16
24
40
32
72
40
112
48
160
0
32
32
80
112
144
256
224
480
-1
64
63
224
287
512
799
1
126
127
574
701
2
254
256
Vy a thc p(y+2) = 2y6 +28y5 +160y4 +480y3 +799y2 +701y +256.

Bai 4.
a) p dng s Hoocner:
p(x)
c=
Vy p(-1,5) = 1115/32
b) Xc nh a thc p(y-1,5 )
p(y-1,5)
c = -1,5
Vy a thc p(y-1,5) = -y5 +(19/2)y4 +y3 +(123/4)y2 -(703/16)y +

1115/32.
Bai 5.
a) p dng s Hoocner:
p(x)
-5
33
84
11
28
91
c=3
3
Vy p(3) = 91.
b) Xc nh a thc p(y-2)
p(y-2)
3
c = -3
3
3
3
2
-9
-7
-9
-16
-9
-25
Vy a thc p(y-3) = 3y3 -25y2 +64y -41.
-5
21
16
48
64
7
-48
-41

BI TP CHNG 4:

(PHN BNG NI SUY AYKEN)
Bi 12.
xi
0
1
2
4
f(xi)
2
3
-1
0
Tnh f(3); f(5) bng cch xy dng bng ni suy Ayken dng 1 v dng 2 .
Bi 13.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
17,0
27,5
76
210,5
Tnh f(5) bng cch xy dng bng ni suy Ayken dng 1 v dng 2 .
Bi 14.
xi
1
2
3
4
5
f(xi)
2
4
5
7
8
Tnh f(2,5) bng cch xy dng bng ni suy Ayken dng 1 v dng 2 .
Bi 15.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
2
3
-1
5
Bi 16.
xi
1
2
3
4
7
f(xi)
3
2
7
-1
0
BI GII
Bi 12.
a)
a1) p dng bng Ayken (dng 1)
Trng hp c = 3, ta c bng ni suy Ayken sau:
xi - x j
j=0
j=1
j=2
i=0
3
-1
-2
j=3
-4
di
-24

i=1
i=2
i=3
W(3) = 3.2.1.(-1) = -6
1
2
4
2
1
3
n
p dng cng thc: f c W c

i 0
-1
1
2
-3
-2
-1
6
-4
-24
yi
, ta c:
di
3 1
0
6
3
2
1
f 3 6

6 4 .
24 6 4 24
12 12 12
a2) p dng bng Ayken (dng 2)

xi
yi
Loi(x) Lo1i(x)
-1
-2,5
-10
0,5
Lo12ix xi - c
-3
-2
-1
-4
Vy f(3) -4.
b)
b1) Trng hp c = 5, ta c bng ni suy Ayken sau:
xi - x j
j=0
j=1
j=2
i=0
5
-1
-2
i=1
1
4
-1
i=2
2
1
3
i=3
4
3
2
W(3) = 5.4.3.1= 60
n

i 0
j=3
-4
-3
-2
1
yi
, ta c:
di
3
1
0
2
1 1 1
f 5 60

60
3 15 5 17 .
40 12 12 24
20 4 12
b2) p dng bng Ayken (dng 2)
di
-40
12
-12
24

xi
yi
Loi(x) Lo1i(x)
-1
-5,5
-43
-0,5
-3
Lo12ix xi - c
-5
-4
-3
17
-1
Vy f(5) .
Bi 13.
a) p dng bng Ayken (dng 1)
Trng hp c = 5, ta c bng ni suy Ayken sau:
xi - x j
j=0
j=1
j=2
i=0
4
-1
-2
i=1
1
3
-1
i=2
2
1
2
i=3
3
2
1
W(5) = 4.3.2.1=24
j=3
-3
-2
-1
1
yi
, ta c:
i 0 d i
27,5 76 210,5
17
f 5 24
479 .
6
4
6
24
b) p dng bng Ayken (dng 2)
xi
yi
Loi(x) Lo1i(x)
17
27,5
76
135
287
210,5
275
383
Lo12ix xi - c
-4
59
-3
Vy f(5) 479
Bi 14.
Trng hp c = 2,5, ta c bng ni suy Ayken sau:
-2
479
-1
di
-24
6
-4
6

xi - xj
j=0
j=1
j=2
i=0
1,5
-1
-2
i=1
1
0,5
-1
i=2
2
1
-0,5
i=3
3
2
1
i=4
4
3
2
W(2,5) = (1,5).(0,5)(-0,5)(-1,5)(-2,5) = -1,40625.
n

i 0
j=3
-3
-2
-1
-1,5
1
j=4
-4
-3
-2
-1
-2,5
di
36
-3
-2
9
-60
yi
, ta c:
di
.
xi
yi
Loi(x) Lo1i(x)
4,25
4,625
4,5
4,875
4,25
Lo12ix
xi - c
-1,5
-0,5
4,875
0,5
4,5
4,5625 4,40625
1,5
2,5
Vy f(5) 4,40625
Bi 15.
Trng hp c = 2,5, ta c bng ni suy Ayken sau:
xi - x j
j=0
j=1
j=2
i=0
2,5
-1
-2
i=1
1
1,5
-1
i=2
2
1
0,5
i=3
3
2
1
W(2,5) = (2,5).(1,5).(0,5).(-0,5) = -0,9375
j=3
-3
-2
-2
-0,5
di
-15
3
-1
-3

n

i 0
yi
, ta c:
di
3 1 5
5
2
2
f 2,5 0,9375

0,9375 1 1 0,1875 .
3
15 3 1 3
15
b). p dng bng Ayken (dng 2)
Loi(x) Lo1i(x Lo12ix
4,5
-1
-1,75
-4.875
4,5
4,5
xi - c
-2,5
-1,5
-0,5
-0,1875
Vy f(2.5) -0,1875
Bi 16.
Trng hp c = 2,5 ta c bng ni suy Ayken sau:
xi - xj
j=0
j=1
j=2
i=0
1,5
-1
-2
i=1
1
0,5
-1
i=2
2
1
-0,5
i=3
3
2
1
6
5
4
W(2,5) = (1,5).(0,5).(-0,5).(-1,5).(-4,5) = -2,53125
0.5
j=3
-3
-2
-1
-1,5
3
j=4
-6
-5
-4
-3
-4,5
Lo123ix
xi - c
yi
, ta c:
i 0 d i
3 2 7 1
f 2,5 2,53125 5,3953125 .
54 5 4 27
Loi(x) Lo1i(x Lo12ix
di
54
-5
-4
27
-1620

1
1,5
6,0
3,75
0,5
-1
1,0
1,375 4,9375
1,5
2,25
1,575
Vy f(2.5) 5,3953.
-1,5
-0,5
4,0219
5,3953
4,5

BI TP CHNG 4:

(PHN HM NI SUY LAGRANGE)
Bi 6.
xi
1
2
3
4
5
f(xi)
3
2
7
-1
0
Tm ham noi suy Lagrang cua f(x); tnh f(3,5).
Bi 7.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
17,0
27,5
76
210,5
Tm ham noi suy Lagrang cua f(x), tnh f(5).
Bi 8.
xi
0
2
3
5
f(xi)
1
3
2
5
Tm ham noi suy Lagrang cua f(x); tnh f(4).
Bi 9.
xi
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
2
3
4
5
Bi 10.
xi
1
2
3
4
7
f(xi)
17,0
27,5
76
210,5
1970
Bi 11.
xi
1
2
3
4
5
f(xi)
2
4
5
7
8
Tm ham noi suy Lagrang cua f(x), tnh f(2,5).

BI GII
Bi 6.
W(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)
W*(x0)=W*(1)=(1-2)(1-3)(1-4)(1-5)=(-1)(-2)(-3)(-4)= 24
W*(x1)=W*(2)=(2-1)(2-3)(2-4)(2-5)=(1)(-1)(-2)(-3)= -6
W*(x2)=W*(3)=(3-1)(3-2)(3-4)(3-5)=(2)(1)(-1)(-2)= 4
W*(x3)=W*(4)=(4-1)(4-2)(4-3)(4-5)=(3)(2)(1)(-1)=
-6
W*(x4)=W*(5)=(5-1)(5-2)(5-3)(5-4)=(4)(3)(2)(1)=
24
p dng cng thc :
n
yi
.
*
i 0 x xi W xi
Ln x Wx
Ta c:
3
2
7
1
0
L4 ( x) (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)(x - 5)
(x - 1)24 ( x 2)(6) ( x 3) 4 ( x 4)( 6) ( x 5)24

( x 2)( x 3)( x 4) ( x 1)( x 3)( x 4) 7( x 1)( x 2)( x 4) ( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)
L4 x x 5
8
3
4
6
41 4 81 3 1963 2 521
x x
x
x 70 .
24
4
24
4
f(3,5)
41
81
1963
521
(3,5) 4 (3,5) 3
(3,5) 2
(3,5) 70 4,211 .
24
4
24
4
Bi 7.
W(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)
W*(x0)=W*(1)=(1-2)(1-3)(1-4)=(-1)(-2)(-3)= -6
W*(x1)=W*(2)=(2-1)(2-3)(2-4)=(1)(-1)(-2)= 2
W*(x2)=W*(3)=(3-1)(3-2)(3-4)=(2)(1)(-1)= -2
W*(x3)=W*(4)=(4-1)(4-2)(4-3)=(3)(2)(1)= 6
p dng cng thc :
n
yi
.
*
i 0 x xi W xi
f ( x) Ln x W x
Ta c:
17
27,5
76
210,5
L3 ( x) (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)
(x - 1)(-6) ( x 2).2 ( x 3)( 2) ( x 4).6

L3 x
17( x 2)( x 3)( x 4) 27,5( x 1)( x 3)( x 4) 76( x 1)( x 2)( x 4) 210,5( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)
6
2
2
6
8 x 3 29 x 2 41,5 x 3,5 .
f(5) L3 (5) 8.(5) 3 29.(5) 2 41,5.(5) 3,5 = 479.

Bi 8.
W(x)=(x-0)(x-2)(x-3)(x-5)

W*(x0)=W*(0)=(0-2)(0-3)(0-5)=(-2)(-3)(-5)= -30
W*(x1)=W*(2)=(2-0)(2-3)(2-5)=(2)(-1)(-3)= 6
W*(x2)=W*(3)=(3-0)(3-2)(3-5)=(3)(1)(-2)=
-6
*
*
W (x3)=W (5)=(5-0)(5-2)(5-3)=(5)(3)(2)=
30
p dng cng thc :
n
yi
.
*
i 0 x xi W xi
f ( x) Ln x W x
Ta c:
1
3
2
5
L3 ( x) (x - 0)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 5)
(x - 0)(-30) ( x 2).6 ( x 3)(6) ( x 5).30

1
3
2
5
L 3 x x x 2 x 3x 5
x 30 6x 2 (6)x 3 30x 5
3
13
62
x3 x 2 x 1 .
10
6
15
3
13
62
31
f(4) .4 3 .4 2 .4 1 .
10
6
15
15
Bi 9.
W(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)
W*(x0)=W*(1)=(1-2)(1-3)(1-4)=(-1)(-2)(-3)= -6
W*(x1)=W*(2)=(2-1)(2-3)(2-4)=(1)(-1)(-2)= 2
W*(x2)=W*(3)=(3-1)(3-2)(3-4)=(2)(1)(-1)=
-2
*
*
W (x3)=W (4)=(4-1)(4-2)(4-3)=(3)(2)(1)=
6
p dng cng thc :
n
yi
.
*
i 0 x xi W xi
f ( x) Ln x W x
Ta c:
2
3
4
5
L3 ( x) (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)
(x - 1)(-6) ( x 2).2 ( x 3)( 2) ( x 4).6
2
3
4
5
L 3 x x 1x 2 x 3x 4
x 1 6 2x 2 2 x 3 6x 4
x 1.
f(5) = 5+1 = 6.
Bi 10.
a thc ni suy cn tm l:
17( x 2)( x 3)( x 4)( x 7) 27,5( x 1)( x 3)( x 4)( x 7) 76( x 1)( x 2)( x 4)( x 7)
L4 x
(1 2)(1 3)(1 4)(1 7)
(2 1)(2 3)(2 4)(2 7)
(3 1)(3 2)(3 4)(3 7)
210,5( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 7) 1970( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 4)
( 4 1)( 4 2)(4 3)(4 7)

(7 1)(7 2)(7 3)(7 4)

x 4 2 x3 6 x 2 8,5 x 20,5 .
f(5) L4 (5) 54 2.53 6.52 8,5.5 20,5 = 503.

Bi 11.
2( x 2)( x 3)( x 4)( x 5) 4( x 1)( x 3)( x 4)( x 5) 5( x 1)( x 2)( x 4)( x 5)
L4 x
(1 2)(1 3)(1 4)(1 5)
(2 1)(2 3)(2 4)(2 5)
(3 1)(3 2)(3 4)(3 5)
7( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 5) 8( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 4)
(4 1)(4 2)( 4 3)( 4 5)

(5 1)(5 2)(5 3)(5 4)
x4
25 2 31
2x3
x x 7.
6
3
2
4
2,5
25
31
3
2
f(2,5) L4 ( 2,5)
2.2,5 2,5 .2,5 7 = 4,40625.
6
3
2
BI TP CHNG 4:

(PHN PHNG PHP BNH PHNG B NHT)
Bi 23. Cho bang gia tr ham
xi
-1
0
1
2
f(xi)
3
4
6
7
Tm ham xap x bang phng phap bnh phng be nhat vi quan he gia y va x
la: y f(x) a bx .
Bi 24. Cho bang gia tr ham
xi
0
1
2
3
4
f(xi)
1,00
3,85
6,50
9,35
12,05
la: y f(x) a bx .
Bi 25.
Cho bang gia tr ham
xi
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
f(xi)
7,4
8,4
9,1
9,4
9,5
9,5
9,4
la: y f(x) a bx cx 2 .
Bi 26.
Cho bang gia tr ham
xi
0,78
1,56
2,34
3,12
3,81
f(xi)
2,5
1,2
1,12
2,25
4,28
la: y f(x) a bx cx 2 .
Bi 27.
Cho bang gia tr ham
xi
19
22
25
28
32
35
f(xi)
0,660
0,367
0,223
0,140
0,084
0,060
Tm ham xap x bang phng phap bnh phng be nhat vi quan he gia y va x i)
ii) y f(x) a bx cx 2 ;
iii) y aebx
y f(x) a bx ;
Bi 28.
Cho bang gia tr ham
xi
2
4
6
8
10
12
f(xi)
7,32
8,24
9,20
10,19
11,01
12,05
Tm ham xap x bang phng phap bnh phng be nhat vi quan he gia y va x i)
y f(x) a bx ;
ii) y f(x) a bx cx 2 ;
iii) y axb
BI GII
Bi 23.
Lap bang so:
k
xk
(xk)2
1
-1
1
2
0
0
3
1
1
4
2
4
2
6
T o ta co he phng trnh sau:
4a
2a
yk
3
4
6
7
20
xk yk
-3
0
6
14
17
2b 20
6b 17
Giai he phng trnh tren ta thu c:

a 4,3 ;
b 1,4
Vay ham bac nhat can tm co dang: f x 4,3 1,4 x .
Bi 24.
Lap bang so:
k
xk
(xk)2
yk
xk yk
1
0
0
1,00
0
2
1
1
3,85
3,85
3
2
4
6,50
13,00
4
3
9
9,35
28,05
5
4
16
12,05
48,20
10
30
32,75
93,10
5a 10b 32,75
10a 30b 93,1

a 1,03 ;
b 2,76
Vay ham bac nhat can tm co dang:

Bi 25.
Lap bang so:
k xk
(xk)2 (xk)3 (xk)4
1 7
49
343
2401
2 8
64
512
4096
3 9
81
729
6561
4 10
100
1000 10000
5 11
121
1331 14641
6 12
144
1728 20736
7 13
169
2197 28561
70
728
7840 86996
f x 1,03 2,76 x .
yk
7,4
8,4
9,1
9,4
9,5
9,5
9,4
62,7
xk yk
51,8
67,2
81,9
94,0
104,5
114,0
122,2
635,6
(xk)2 yk
362,6
537,6
737,1
940,0
1149,5
1368,0
1588,6
6683,4
7 a 70b 728c 62,7
70a 728b 7840c 635,6

728a 7840b 86996 6683,4

a=
34
;
7
b = 2,5
c=
47
420
Vay ham bac hai can tm co dang:

f x
34
47 2
2,5 x
x .
7
420
Bi 26.
Lap bang so:
k
xk
(xk)2
(xk)3
(xk)4
1 0,78 0,608
0,475
0,37
2 1,56 2,434
3,796
5,922
3 2,34 5,476 12,813
29,98
4 3,12 9,734
30,37
94,759
5 3,81 14,516 55,306 210,717
11,61 32,769 102,76 341,818
yk
2,5
1,2
1,12
2,25
4,28
11,35
xk yk
1,95
1,872
2,621
7,02
16,301
29,77
(xk)2 yk
1,52
1,921
6,133
21,9
62,128
94,602
11,61b 32,769c
11,35
5a
11,61a 32,769b 102,76c 29,77

32,769a 102,76b 341,818c 94,602

a 5,045;
b -4,043
Vay ham bac hai can tm co dang:
c 1,009
y f x 5,045 4,043x 1,009 x 2 .
Bi 27.
Lap bang so:
k Xk=xk (xk)2
yk
xk yk
1 19
361
0,660 12,5
2 22
484
0,367
8,1
3 25
625
0,223
5,6
4 28
784
0,140
3,9
5 32
1024 0,084
2,7
6 35
1225 0,060
2,1
161
4503 1,534 34,9
i) Ta co he phng trnh sau:
(xk)3
6859
10648
15625
21952
32768
42875
130727
(xk)4
yk(xk)2
130321
238,26
234256 177,628
390625 139,375
614656
109,76
1048576 86,016
1500625
73,5
3919059 824,539
6a 161b 1,534
161a 4503b 34,9

a = 1,176;
b = - 0,034
Vay ham bac nhat can tm co dang: f x 1,176 0,034x .
ii) Ta co he phng trnh sau:
6a 161b 4503c 1,534
161a 4503b 130727c 34,897

4503a 130727b 3919059c 824,539

a = 3,4228;
b = - 0,2076;
c = 0,0032
Vay ham can tm co dang: f x 3,4228 0,2076x 0,0032x 2 .
iii) S dng h phng trnh sau:
Yk=lnyk
-0,42
-1,0
-1,5
-2,0
-2,5
-2,8
-10,22
XkYk
-7,98
-22
-37,5
-56
-79,36
-98
-300,84
n
n
n
A
B
X
Yi
i 1
i 1
n
n
n
A X B X 2 X Y
i
i
i 1
i 1
i 1
i 1
Ta c:
6 A 161B 10,179
161A 4503B 300,298
Suy ra
A = 2,3;
B = -0,15
A
2,3
Nn a e e 9,87;
b -0,1488 .
Vay ham can tm co dang: y aebx 9,87e 0,1488 x .
Bi 28.
Lap bang so:
k Xk=xk (xk)2
yk
xk yk
(xk)3
(xk)4
1
2
4
7,32
14,64
8
16
2
4
16
8,24
32,96
64
256
3
6
36
9,20
55,2
216
1296
4
8
64 10,19 81,52
512
4096
5 10
100 11,01 110,1
1000
10000
6 12
144 12,05 144,6
1728
20736
42
364 58,01 439,02 3528
36400
i) Ta co he phng trnh sau:
yk(xk)2
Yk=lnyk
29,28
1,990
131,84
2,109
331,2
2,219
652,16
2,321
1101
2,398
1735,2
2,489
3980,68 13,526
6a 42b 58,01
42a 364b 439,02

a = 6,4;
b = 0,47
Vay ham bac nhat can tm co dang: f x 6,4 0,47 x .
ii) Ta co he phng trnh sau:
6a 42b 364c 58,01
42a 364b 3528c 439,02

364a 3528b 36400c 3980,68

a = 6,38;
b = 0,47;
c = 0,00017
Vay ham can tm co dang: f x 6,38 0,47 x 0,00017 x 2 .
iii) S dng h phng trnh sau:(tnh log theo c s 10)
XkYk
3,98
8,436
13,314
18,568
23,98
29,868
98,146
n
n
n
A
B
X
Yi
i 1
i 1
n
n
n
A X B X 2 X Y
i
i
i 1
i 1
i 1
i 1
Ta c:
6,00 A 4,66 B 5,870
4,66 A 4,04 B 4,678
Suy ra
A = 0,76; B = 0,28
A
0, 76
Nn a 10 10 6;
b 0,28 .
Vay ham can tm co dang: y axb 6.x 0, 28 .
BI TP CHNG 5.
TNH GN NG O HM V TCH PHN XC NH
Bi 1: Tnh gi tr o hm cp 1 v cp 2, nu gi tr ca hm c cho trong
bng sau:
xi
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,266
1,326
1,393
1,469
1,553
1,647
yi=f(xi)
Bi 2: Tnh gi tr o hm cp 1 v cp 2, nu gi tr ca hm c cho trong
bng sau:
xi
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0,4000
1,4848
2,6813
3,9975
5,3456
6,2465
yi=f(xi)
Bi 3:
Tnh gan ung y/(50) cua ham so y = lgx da vao bang gia tr a cho sau:
xi
50
55
60
yi = lgxi
1,6990
1,7404
1,7782
Bi 4:
Cho hm f(x) bi bng sau:
xi
50
55
60
65
yi=log(xi)
1,6990
1,7404
1,7782
1,8129
p dng a thc ni suy tnh gn ng o hm ca hm f(x) ti x = 50 v so
snh vi kt qu tnh trc tip.
p s: y/(50) 0,0087
Bi 5:
Cho hm f(x) bi bng sau:
xi
0,98
1,00
1,02
yi=f(xi)
0,7739332
0,7651977
0,7563321
Tnh gn ng o hm ca hm f(x) ti x = 1.
p s: y/(1) -0,4400275
Bi 6:
Cho ham y f x di dang bang sau:
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
y
12,3 11,1
7,2
4,1
6,3
8,8
9,2
10,8 13,1
Tnh tch phan:
I f ( x)dx
0
theo cong thc hnh thang va cong thc Simson.

Bi 7:
x
0
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
1
1
1
1
1
1
y
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1
1,7
1
1,8
1
1,9
1
2
1,6
Tnh tch phan:

1
I f ( x) dx
0

Bi 8:
x
y
0
1
0,1
0,990
0,2
0,962
0,6
0,735
0,3
0,917
0,7
0,671
0,8
0,609
0,4
0,862
0,9
0,555
0,5
0,800
1
0,500
Tnh tch phan:

1
I f ( x) dx
0
Bi 9:
x
0
0,2
0,4
y
1,0000
0,9801
0,9211
Tnh tch phan:
0,6
0,8253
0,8
0,6967
0 ,8
I f ( x )dx
0

Bi 10:
x
y
0,0
1,5
0,5
0,75
1,0
0,50
1,5
0,75
2,0
1,50
2,5
2,75
3,0
4,50
3,5
6,75
4,0
10,00
Tnh tch phan:

4
I f ( x) dx
0

Bi 11:
Cho tch phan:
1
sin x
dx .
x
0
Hy chia on 0;1 thnh n = 10 on con bng nhau ri tnh gn ng tch phn

p s: Theo cng thc hnh thang I = 0,9458
Theo cng thc Simson I = 0,946082
Bi 12:
Cho tch phan:
1
1
dx .
1 x2
0
Hy chia on 0;1 thnh n = 10 on con bng nhau ri tnh gn ng tch phn

p s: Theo cng thc hnh thang I = 0,7849815
Theo cng thc Simson I = 0,78539815
GII
Bi 1:
p dng a thc ni suy Newton, ta c:
Bng sai phn:
xi
f(xi)
f(xi)
2f(xi)
3f(xi)
4f(xi)
5f(xi)
1,0
1,266
1,1
1,326
0,060
1,2
1,393
0,067
0,007
1,3
1,469
0,076
0,009
0,002
1,4
1,553
0,084
0,008
-0,001
-0,003
1,5
1,647
0,094
0,01
0,002
0,003
0,006
p dng cng thc:
L n x f x 0 f x 0
x x0 x x1
x x 0 x x1 ... x x n1
x x0
2 f x0
... n f x 0
2
h
2!h
n!h n
Ta c:
L5 x 1,266 0,06
x 1
x 1x 1,1 0,002 x 1x 1,1x 1,2
0,007
0,1
2!.(0,1) 2
3!.(0,1) 3
x 1x 1,1 x 1,2x 1,3 0,006 x 1 x 1,1x 1,2 x 1,3x 1,4
0,003
4!.(0,1) 4
5!.(0,1) 5
L5 x 5 x 5 21,25 x 4 77,833x 3 96,136 x 2 59,365 x 13,546 .
Suy ra: L/5 x f / x

L//5 x f
//
Bi 2:
xi
f(xi)
0,4
0,4000
0,6
1,4848
0,8
2,6813
1,0
3,9975
1,2
5,3456
1,4
6,2465
p dng cng thc:
L n x f x 0 f x 0
f(xi)
2f(xi)
3f(xi)
4f(xi)
5f(xi)
1,0848
1,1965
1,3162
1,3481
0,9009
0,1117
0,1197
0,0319
-0,4472
0,008
-0,0878
-0,4791
-0,0958
-0,3913
-0,2955
x x0 x x1
x x 0 x x1 ... x x n1
x x0
2 f x0
... n f x 0
2
h
2!h
n!h n
Ta c:
L5 x 0,4 1,0848
x 0,4
x 0,4x 0,6 0,008 x 0,4x 0,6x 0,8
0,1117
0,2
2!.(0,2) 2
3!.(0,2) 3
x 0,4x 0,6x 0,8x 1 0,2955 x 0,4x 0,6x 0,8x 1x 1,2
0,0958
4!.(0,2) 4
5!.(0,2) 5
Suy ra: L/5 x f / x

L//5 x f
//
Bi 3:
Tnh gan ung y/(50) cua ham so y = lgx da vao bang gia tr a cho sau:
xi
50
55
60
yi
1,6990
1,7404
1,7782
Cach 1. p dng a thc ni suy Newton, ta c:
Bng sai phn:
xi
f(xi)
f(xi)
2f(xi)
3f(xi)
50
1,6990
55
1,7404
60
1,7782
p dng cng thc:
L n x f x 0 f x 0
0,0414
0,0378
-0,0036
x x0
x x0 x x1
x x 0 x x1 ... x x n 1
2 f x0
... n f x 0
2
h
2!h
n!h n
Ta c:
x 50
x 50x 55
0,0036
5
2!.5 2
0,0414
2. x
105
L/2 x f / x
0,0036
0,0036
2
5
2!.5
2!.5 2
L2 x 1,6990 0,0414
Suy ra:
105
0,0414
2.50
0,0036
0,0036
2
5
2!.5
2!.5 2
0,00828 0,0072 0,00756 0,00864 .
L/3 50 f / 50
Cach 2.
log x / x 50 log 50 5 log 50 1,7404 1,699 0,00828

5
Bi 4:
Bng sai phn:
xi
f(xi)
f(xi)
50
1,6990
55
1,7404
0,0414
60
1,7782
0,0378
65
1,8129
0,0347
p dng cng thc:
L n x f x 0 f x 0
2f(xi)
3f(xi)
-0,0036
-0,0031
0,0005
x x0 x x1
x x 0 x x1 ... x x n1
x x0
2 f x0
... n f x 0
2
h
2!h
n!h n
Ta c:
x 50
x 50x 55 0,0005 x 50x 55x 60
0,0036
5
2!.5 2
3!.5 3
0,0414
2. x
105 ...
L/3 x f / x
0,0036
0,0036
5
2!.5 2
2!.5 2
L3 x 1,6990 0,0414
Suy ra:
L/3 50 f / 50
0,0414
2.50
105 ...
0,0036
0,0036
2
5
2!.5
2!.5 2
Bi 5:
Bng sai phn:
xi
f(xi)
f(xi)
2f(xi)
0,98
1,00
1,02
0,7739332
0,7651977
0,7563321
L2(x) = 0,7739332-0,0087
-0,0087
-0,0088656
-0,0001656
x 0,98 -0,0001656 x 0,98x 1

0,02
0,02 2
= 0,21x 2 0,025x 1 .
/
L/2 x 2.0,21x 0,025 f (x) .
Suy ra:
f/(1) - 2.(0,21) - 0.025 = - 0,445.
Bi 6:
Tnh tch phan I theo cong thc hnh thang:
8
I f ( x)dx
0
1
12,3 2.11,1 2.7,2 2.4,1 2.6,3 2.8,8 2.9,2 2.10,8 13,1
2
70,2
Tnh tch phan I theo cong thc Simson.

8
I f ( x)dx
0
1
12,3 4.11,1 2.7,2 4.4,1 2.6,3 4.8,8 2.9,2 4.10,8 13,1
3
70,0 .
Bi 7:
1
I f ( x)dx
0
0,1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1

1 2
2
1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2
0,694 .
Tnh tch phan I theo cong thc Simson.
1
I f ( x) dx
0
0,1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
0,693 .
1 2
3 2 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9
Bi 8:
1
I f ( x )dx
0
0,1
h
y 0 2y1 y 2 y3 y 4 y 5 y 6 y 7 y8 y 9 y10
2
1 20,99 0,962 0,917 0,862 0,8 0,735 0,671 0,609 0,555 0,5 0,785 .
Tnh tch phan I theo cong thc cong thc Simson.

1
I f ( x) dx
0
0,1
3
h
y 0 y10 2y 2 y 4 y 6 y8 4y1 y3 y5 y7 y9
3
1 0,5 20,962 0,862 0,735 0,609 40,99 0,917 0,8 0,671 0,555 0,786 .
Bi 9:
0 ,8
I f ( x )dx
0
h
y 0 2y1 y 2 y3 y 4 0,2 1 20,9801 0,9211 0,8253 0,6967
2
2
0,715 .

0 ,8
I f ( x )dx
0
h
y 0 y 4 2y 2 4y1 y3
3
0,2
1 0,6967 20,9211 40,9801 0,8253 0,717 .

3
Bi 10:
4
I f ( x) dx
0
0,5
2
h
y0 2 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9
2
1,5 20,75 0,5 0,75 1,5 2,75 4,5 6,75 10,00 11,625 .

4
I f ( x) dx
0
0,5
3
h
y0 y8 2 y2 y4 y6 y8 4 y3 y5 y7
3
1,5 10,0 20,75 0,75 2,75 6,75 40,5 1,5 4,5 11,417 .
Bi 11:
sin x
; x 0;1.
x
Ta c f x
Chia on [0; 1] thnh 10 phn bng nhau, h
xi
sin(xi)
0
0
0
sin xi
xi
yi
0,1
0,09983
0,9983
0,2
0,19867
0,9933
0,3
0,29552
0,9850
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,5646 0,64421
0,71728
0,9410 0,9203
0,8966
1
I f ( x)dx
0
0,1
2
1 0
0,1 . Khi :
10
0,4
0,38942
0,97354
0,5
0,4794
0,9588
0,9
1
0,78327 0,8414
0,8703 0,8414
h
y0 2 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10
2
0 20,9983 0,9933 0,9850 0,97354 0,9588 0,9410 0,9203 0,8966 0,8703 0,8414
0,89578 .

1
I f ( x ) dx
0
0,1
3
h
y0 y10 2 y2 y4 y6 y8 4 y3 y5 y7 y9
3
0 0,8414 20,9933 0,97354 0,9410 0,8966 40,9850 0,9588 0,9203 0,8703
0,8486 .
Bi 12:
x
y
0
1
0,1
1/1,01
0,2
1/1,04
0,3
1/1,09
0,6
0,7
0,8
1/1,36
1/1,49
1/1,64
0,4
1/1,16
0,9
1/1,81
0,5
1/1,25
1
1/2
I f ( x)dx
0
h
y0 2 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10
2
0,1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2
0,5 0,7849815 .
1
,
01
1
,
04
1
,
09
1
,
16
1
,
25
1
,
36
1
,
49
1
,
64
1
,
81
2

1
I f ( x) dx
0
0,1
h
y0 y10 2 y2 y4 y6 y8 4 y3 y5 y7 y9
3
1 0,5 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 0,785253.
3
1,04 1,16 1,36 1,64 1,09 1,25 1,49 1,81
BI 1.
Tm nghim c dng chui Taylor, ta c:
x0 1, y x0 y 1 2 .
Ta suy ra: y / 1
2
2
.
1 2 3
Ly o hm phng trnh
y/
y
x y
(1)
/
y
y / x y x y y xy / y

.
y
x y 2
x y 2
x y
//
Ta c:
Ta suy ra:
1.2 / 3 2
4
.
7
1 2
4
Mt cch tng t ta tnh c y /// 1 ,.......
7
y // 1
Thay cc kt qu vo cng thc Taylor sau:

f x f x0
//
k
f / x0
x x0 f x0 x x0 2 ... f x0 x x0 k ....
1!
2!
k!
Ta thu c:
f x 2
2
x 1 2 x 12 2 x 13 ......
3
27
81
(2)
Dng cng thc (2) tnh gn ng y(x) ti x = 1,1. V [1,1 - 1] = 0,1 b

nn ta b qua cc s hng... cui v thu c:
y 1,1 f 1,1 2
2
1,1 1 2 1,1 12 2 1,1 13 ...... 2,06584 .
3
27
81
BI 2.
2x
;
y
x0 0; X 1; 1 .
Theo ta c f x, y y
Bi ton ny c nghim ng tnh c l: y 2 x 1 .

Xt
xi i.h; h
1
.
n
Cc cng thc tnh s l:
2x
u i 1 u i h u i i
ui
; u 0 1 .
Kt qu tnh vi n = 10, ta c bng sau:
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
xi
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
Nghim gn ng ui
1,0
1,1
1,191818
1,277438
1,358213
1,435133
1,508966
1,580338
1,649783
1,717779
1,784771
Nghim ng y(xi)
1,0
1,095445
1,183216
1,264911
1,341641
1,414214
1,483240
1,549193
1,612452
1,673320
1,732051
BI TP CHNG 6.
GII GN NG PHNG TRNH VI PHN THNG
Bi 1.
Tm nghim gn ng y(x) ti x = 1,1 ca phng trnh vi phn:
y/
y
x y
(1)
vi iu kin y1 2 .
p s: y(1,1) 2,06584
Bi 2.
Tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh vi phn:
y/ y
tho mn y0 1 .
2x
; 0 x 1
y
(1)
(2)
Hng dn: Bi ton c nghim ng y 2 x 1
GII BI TP CHNG 6
Bi 1.
Tm nghim gn ng ca phng trnh vi phn:
y/
y
x y
(1)
Ta tm nghim di dng chui Taylor:

Theo bi x0 1; yx0 y1 2 ; va y / f x, y
Ta suy ra: y / 1 f 1; 2
y
x y
2
2
1 2 3
(2)
Ly o hm phng trnh (1) ta c:

/
y
x y y / y x y / xy / xy

y
x y 2
x y 2
x y
1.2 / 3 1.2
4
y // 1
.
2
27
1 2
//
Do :
(3)
Tng t ta tnh c:
y /// 1
4
.
27
Tip tc ta tnh c:
Thay vo
f x f x0
Ta c:
y 4 ; y 5 ;.....
//
k
f / x0
x x0 f x0 x x0 2 ... f x0 x x0 k ....
1!
2!
k!
2
2
2
2
3
f x 2 x 1 x 1 x 1 ...... .
3
27
81
(4)
Ta c th s dng cng thc (4) tnh gn ng y(x) ti x = 1,1.

V 1,1 1 0,1 b nn ta b qua cc s hng... cui v thu c:
f x 2
2
1,1 1 2 1,1 12 2 1,1 13 2,06584
3
27
81
Bi 2.
Theo , ta c:
f x, y y
2x
1
; x0 0; x ; y0 1 .
y
2
Bi ton ny c nghim ng tnh c l:

y 2x 1 .
Xt:
xi x0 i.h; i 1, n .
Chn h 0,1 . p dng lin tip cng thc (iii) ta c bng kt qu sau:
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
xi
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
yi
1,0
1,1
1,191818
1,277438
1,358213
1,435133
1,508966
1,580338
1,649783
1,717779
1,784771
f(xi;yi)
1,0
1,095445
1,183216
1,264911
1,341641
1,414214
1,483240
1,549193
1,612452
1,673320
1,732051

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wWw.kenhdaihoc.

com - Knh Thng Tin - Hc Tp - Gi Tr

wWw.kenhdaihoc.com - Knh Thng Tin - Hc Tp - Gi Tr

Vy c lng sai s tuyt i gii hn ca S l:

wWw.kenhdaihoc.com - Knh Thng Tin - Hc Tp - Gi Tr

Sai s tuyt i gii hn ca u l: u = a + b = 0,005 +0,005 = 0,01.

wWw.kenhdaihoc.com - Knh Thng Tin - Hc Tp - Gi Tr

Tm khong cha nghim ca hm s f(x).

biet khoang cach ly nghiem la: x 0 ;1 vi sai so khong qua 10-3 .

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Bi 2. T phng trnh: 5x5 - 8x3 + 2x2 - x + 6 = 0, ta c:

Vy cn trn ca nghim dng:

Bi 3. T phng trnh: 2x 5 - 4x 4 + x3 -5x2 - 3x + 7 = 0, ta c

2. Gii gn ng phng trnh bng phng php chia i

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lim a n lim bn 0,8672

Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 0,8672.

Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 0,22656 .

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Bang ket qua:

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- Chnh xac hoa nghiem:

Khi p dng phng php lp (chn x 0 = 9). Ta c bng kt qu sau:

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Khi p dng phng php lp (chn x 0 = 0,75). Ta c bng kt qu sau:

Gi s chn phng trnh: x x 3 1000 .

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vi hm g(x) nh vy phng php lp khng c hy vng hi t.

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Khi p dng phng php lp (chn x0 = 1). Ta c bng kt qu sau:

Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 10,033..

p dng cng thc xk 1 xk

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x1 = 1,4 - 0,170 = 1,230

Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x 1,200.

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Kt lun: Nghim ca phng trnh: x -10,261.

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1,7 1,639f 1,639 1,642

Vay nghiem can tm co o chnh xac 10-2 la: x 1,64 .

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GII HE PHNG TRNH I S TUYEN TNH

Bai 2. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Cramer

Bai 3. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Cramer

Bai 4. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Cramer

Bai 5. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Cramer

Bai 6. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Cramer

Bai 7. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Gauss

Bai 8. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Gauss

Bai 9. Giai he phng trnh bang phng phap Gauss

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ap an: Nghiem cua he phng trnh a cho la: x1 ; x2 2 ; x3 .

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh sau:

ap an: Vay he a cho co nghiem duy nhat la: x1 18 ; x2 11 ; x3 2 ; x4 0

He phng trnh a cho tng ng vi he phng trnh sau:

ap an: Vay he a cho co nghiem duy nhat la: x1 2 ; x2 1 ; x3 1 ; x4 1 .

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Bai 9: Giai he phng trnh

Ta bien oi ma tran bo sung: