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List of Latin phrases (full)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This page lists direct English translations of common Latin phrases. Some of the
phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases, as Greek rhetoric and
literature reached its peak centuries before that of ancient Rome.
This list is a combination of the twenty divided "List of Latin phrases" pages,
for users who have no trouble loading large pages and prefer a single page to
scroll or search through. The content of the list cannot be edited here, and is
kept automatically in sync with the separate lists through the use of
transclusion.

Contents

References
[edit] A

Latin
Translation
Notes

a bene placito
from one well pleased
Or "at will", "at one's pleasure". This phrase, and its Italian (beneplacito)
and Spanish (beneplcito) derivatives, are synonymous with the more common ad
libitum (at pleasure).

a caelo usque ad centrum

from the sky to the center
Or "from heaven all the way to the center of the earth". In law, can refer to
the obsolete cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos maxim of
property ownership ("for whoever owns the soil, it is theirs up to the sky and
down to the depths").

a capite ad calcem
from head to heel
From top to bottom; all the way through (colloquially "from head to toe").
Equally a pedibus usque ad caput.

a contrario
from the opposite
Equivalent to "on the contrary" or "au contraire". An argumentum a contrario is
an "argument from the contrary", an argument or proof by contrast or direct
opposite.

a Deucalione
from or since Deucalion
A long time ago. From Gaius Lucilius (Satires, 6, 284)

a falsis principiis proficisci

to set forth from false principles

Legal term from Cicero's De Finibus 4.53.

a fortiori
from the stronger
Loosely, "even more so" or "with even stronger reason". Often used to lead from
a less certain proposition to a more evident corollary.

a mari usque ad mare

from sea to sea
From Psalm 72:8, "Et dominabitur a mari usque ad mare, et a flumine usque ad
terminos terrae" (KJV: "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from
the river unto the ends of the earth"). National motto of Canada.

a pedibus usque ad caput

from feet to head
Completely. Similar to the English expressions "from tip to toe" or "from top to
toe". Equally a capite ad calcem. See also ab ovo usque ad mala.

a posse ad esse
from being able to being
"From possibility to actuality" or "from being possible to being actual"

a posteriori
from the latter
Based on observation (i.e., empirical knowledge), the reverse of a priori. Used
in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known after a proof has
been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something known from experience.

a priori
from the former
Presupposed independent of experience, the reverse of a posteriori. Used in
mathematics and logic to denote something that is known or postulated before a

proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something is supposed
without empirical evidence. In everyday speech, it denotes something occurring
or being known before the event.

ab absurdo
from the absurd
Said of an argument that seeks to prove a statement's validity by pointing out
the absurdity of an opponent's position (cf. appeal to ridicule) or that an
assertion is false because of its absurdity. Not to be confused with a reductio
ad absurdum, which is usually a valid logical argument.

ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia

an inference from an abuse to a use is not valid
Rights abused are still rights (cf. abusus non tollit usum).

ab aeterno
from the eternal
Literally, "from the everlasting" or "from eternity". Thus, "from time
immemorial", "since the beginning of time" or "from an infinitely remote time in
the past". In theology, often indicates something, such as the universe, that
was created outside of time.

ab antiquo
from the ancient
From ancient times.

ab epistulis
from the letters
Or, having to do with correspondence.

ab extra
from beyond
A legal term meaning "from without". From external sources, rather than from the
self or the mind (ab intra).

ab hinc or abhinc
from here on

ab imo pectore
from the deepest chest
Or "from the bottom of my heart", "with deepest affection", "sincerely"..
Attributed to Julius Caesar.

ab inconvenienti
from an inconvenient thing
New Latin for "based on unsuitability", "from inconvenience" or "from hardship".
An argumentum ab inconvenienti is one based on the difficulties involved in
pursuing a line of reasoning, and is thus a form of appeal to consequences; it
refers to a rule in law that an argument from inconvenience has great weight.

ab incunabulis
from the cradle
Thus, "from the beginning" or "from infancy". Incunabula is commonly used in
English to refer to the earliest stage or origin of something, and especially to
copies of books that predate the spread of the printing press around AD 1500.

ab initio
from the beginning
"At the outset", referring to an inquiry or investigation. In literature, refers
to a story told from the beginning rather than in medias res (from the middle).
In law, refers to something being the case from the start or from the instant of
the act, rather than from when the court declared it so. A judicial declaration
of the invalidity of a marriage ab initio is a nullity. In science, refers to
the first principles. In other contexts, often refers to beginner or training
courses. Ab initio mundi means "from the beginning of the world".

ab intestato

from an intestate
From someone who dies with no legal will (cf. ex testamento).

ab intra
from within
From the inside. The opposite of ab extra.

ab irato
from an angry man
By a person who is angry. Used in law to describe a decision or action that is
detrimental to those it affects and was made based on hatred or anger, rather
than on reason. The form irato is masculine; however, this does not mean it
applies only to men, rather 'person' is meant, as the phrase probably elides
"homo," not "vir."

ab origine
from the source
From the origin, beginning, source, or commencementi.e., "originally". The
source of the word aboriginal.

ab ovo usque ad mala

from the egg to the apples
From Horace, Satire 1.3. Means "from beginning to end", based on the Roman main
meal typically beginning with an egg dish and ending with fruit (cf. the English
phrase soup to nuts). Thus, ab ovo means "from the beginning", and can also
connote thoroughness.

ab uno disce omnes

from one, learn all
From Virgil's Aeneid. Refers to situations where a single example or observation
indicates a general or universal truth. Visible in the court of King Silas in
the TV series Kings.

ab urbe condita (a.u.c.)

from the city having been founded

Or "from the founding of Rome", which occurred in 753 BC according to Livy's
count. Used as a reference point in ancient Rome for establishing dates, before
being supplanted by other systems. Also anno urbis conditae (a.u.c.) (literally
"in the year of the founded city").

ab utili
from utility
Used of an argument.

absens haeres non erit

an absent person will not be an heir
In law, refers to the principle that someone who is not present is unlikely to
inherit.

absente reo (abs. re.)

[with] the defendant being absent
In the absence of the accused.

absit iniuria verbis (or injuria)

let injury be absent from [these] words
Expresses the wish that no insult or wrong be conveyed by the speaker's words,
i.e., "no offence". See also absit invidia.

absit invidia
let ill will be absent
Although similar to the English expression "no offence", absit invidia is not a
mere social gesture to avoid causing offense, but also a way to ward off the
harm that some people superstitiously believe animosity can cause others. Also
extended to absit invidia verbo, meaning "may ill will be absent from the word"
(cf. absit iniuria verbis).

absit omen
let an omen be absent
Or "let this not be a bad omen". Expresses the wish that something seemingly

ill-boding does not turn out to be an omen for future events, and calls on
divine protection against evil.

absolutum dominium
absolute dominion
Total power or sovereignty.

absolvo
I acquit
A legal term said by a judge acquitting a defendant following a trial. Te
absolvo or absolvo te, translated, "I forgive you," said by Roman Catholic
priests during the Sacrament of Confession, in Latin prior to the Second Vatican
Council and in vernacular thereafter.

abundans cautela non nocet

abundant caution does no harm
Frequently phrased as "one can never be too careful".

abusus non tollit usum

misuse does not remove use
Just because something is misused doesn't mean it can't be used correctly.

abyssus abyssum invocat

deep calleth unto deep
From Psalms 42:7; some translations have 'Sea calls to sea'.

accipe hoc
Take this
Motto of 848 Naval Air Squadron, Royal Navy.

accusare nemo se debet nisi coram Deo

no one ought to accuse himself except in the Presence of God

A legal maxim denoting that any accused person is entitled to make a plea of not
guilty, and also that a witness is not obliged to give a response or submit a
document that will incriminate himself. A very similar phrase is nemo tenetur se
ipsum accusare "no one is bound to accuse himself". See right to silence.

acta deos numquam mortalia fallunt

mortal actions never deceive the gods
Ovid's Tristia 1.2.97: si tamen acta deos numquam mortalia fallunt, / a culpa
facinus scitis abesse mea. "Yet if mortal actions never deceive the gods, / you
know that crime was absent from my fault."

acta est fabula plaudite

The play has been performed; applaud!
A common ending to ancient Roman comedies, also claimed by Suetonius in The
Twelve Caesars to have been Augustus' last words. Applied by Sibelius to the
third movement of his String Quartet no. 2 so that his audience would realize it
was the last one, as a fourth would normally be expected.

acta non verba

Deeds, not Words
Motto of the United States Merchant Marine Academy.

acta sanctorum
Deeds of the Saints
Also used in the singular, Acta Sancti (Deeds of the Saint), preceding a
specific Saint's name. A common title of works in hagiography.

actus me invito factus non est meus actus

the act done by me against my will is not my act

actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea

The act does not make [a person] guilty unless the mind should be guilty.

A legal term outlining the presumption of mens rea in a crime.

actus reus
guilty act
The actual crime that is committed, rather than the intent or thought process
leading up to the crime. Thus, the external elements of a crime, as contrasted
with mens rea, the internal elements.

ad absurdum
to the absurd
In logic, to the point of being silly or nonsensical. See also reductio ad
absurdum. Not to be confused with ab absurdo (from the absurd).

ad abundantiam
to abundance
In legal language, used when providing additional evidence to an already
sufficient collection. Also used commonly, as an equivalent of "as if this
wasn't enough".

ad arbitrium
at will, at pleasure

ad acta
to the archives, no longer relevant

ad astra
to the stars
Name or motto (in full or part) of many organizations, publications, etc.

ad astra per alas porci

to the stars on the wings of a pig
A favorite saying of John Steinbeck. A professor told him that he would be an

author when pigs flew. Every book he wrote is printed with this insignia.

ad astra per aspera

to the stars through difficulty
Motto of Kansas, and other organisations. The phrase is also translated as "A
rough road leads to the stars", as on the Launch Complex 34 memorial plaque for
the astronauts of Apollo 1.

ad augusta per angusta

to rise to a high position overcoming hardships.

ad captandum vulgus
in order to capture the crowd
To appeal to the masses. Often used of politicians. An argumentum ad captandum
is an argument designed to please the crowd.

ad eundem
to the same
An ad eundem degree, from the Latin ad eundem gradum (to the same step" or "to
the same degree), is a courtesy degree awarded by one university or college to
an alumnus of another. It is not an honorary degree, but a recognition of the
formal learning that earned the degree at another college.

ad fontes
to the sources
A motto of Renaissance humanism. Also used in the Protestant Reformation.

ad fundum
to the bottom
Said during a generic toast, equivalent to "bottoms up!" In other contexts,
generally means "back to the basics".

ad hoc

to this
Generally means "for this", in the sense of improvised on the spot or designed
for only a specific, immediate purpose.

ad hominem
to the man
Or "at the man". Typically used in argumentum ad hominem, a logical fallacy
consisting of criticizing a person when the subject of debate is the person's
ideas or argument, on the mistaken assumption that the soundness of an argument
is dependent on the qualities of the proponent.

ad honorem
to the honour
Generally means "for the honour", not seeking any material reward.

ad infinitum
to infinity
Going on forever. Used to designate a property which repeats in all cases in
mathematical proof.

ad interim (ad int)

for the meantime
As in the term "charg d'affaires ad interim" for a diplomatic officer who acts
in place of an ambassador.

ad kalendas graecas
at the Greek Calends
Attributed by Suetonius in The Twelve Caesars to Augustus. The Calends were
specific days of the Roman calendar, not of the Greek, and so the "Greek
Kalends" would never occur. Similar to "when pigs fly".

ad libitum (ad lib)

toward pleasure
Loosely, "according to what pleases" or "as you wish"; libitum comes from the
past participle of libere, "to please". It typically indicates in music and

theatrical scripts that the performer has the liberty to change or omit
something. Ad lib is specifically often used when someone improvises or ignores
limitations.

ad litem
to the lawsuit
A legal term referring to a party appointed by a court to act in a lawsuit on
behalf of another party who is deemed incapable of representing himself. An
individual who acts in this capacity is called a guardian ad litem.

ad lucem
to the light
Motto of Oxford High School (Oxford), the University of Lisbon, Withington
Girls' School and St. Bartholomew's School, Newbury, UK

ad maiorem Dei gloriam or ad majorem Dei gloriam (AMDG)

to the greater glory of God
Motto of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Edward Elgar dedicated his oratorio The
Dream of Gerontius "A.M.D.G."

ad meliora
Towards better things
motto of St. Patrick's College, Cavan, Ireland

ad mortem
To death
used in medical contexts as a synonym for death

ad multos annos
to many years!
A wish for a long life. Similar to "Many happy returns!"

ad nauseam

to seasickness
Or "to the point of disgust". Sometimes used as a humorous alternative to ad
infinitum. An argumentum ad nauseam is a logical fallacy involving basing one's
argument on prolonged repetition, i.e., repeating something so much that people
are "sick of it".

ad oculos
to the eyes
Meaning "obvious on sight" or "obvious to anyone that sees it".

ad pedem litterae
to the foot of the letter
Thus, "exactly as it is written". Similar to the phrase "to the letter", meaning
"to the last detail".

ad perpetuam memoriam
to the perpetual memory
Generally precedes "of" and a person's name, and is used to wish for someone to
be remembered long after death.

ad pondus omnium (ad pond om)

to the weight of all things
More loosely, "considering everything's weight". The abbreviation was
historically used by physicians and others to signify that the last prescribed
ingredient is to weigh as much as all of the previously mentioned ones.

ad quod damnum
to whatever damage
Meaning "according to the harm" or "in proportion to the harm". The phrase is
used in tort law as a measure of damages inflicted, implying that a remedy, if
one exists, ought to correspond specifically and only to the damage suffered
(cf. damnum absque iniuria).

ad referendum
(ad ref)

to be proposed [before the Senate]

Loosely "subject to reference": provisionally approved, but still needing
official approval. Not the same as a referendum.

ad rem
to the matter
Thus, "to the point", without digression.

ad terminum qui praeteriit

for the term which has passed
A legal term for a writ of entry ad terminum qui praeteriit [for the term which
has passed].[1]

ad undas
to the waves
Equivalent to "to hell".

ad unum
to one

ad usum Delphini
for the use of the Dauphin
Said of a work that has been expurgated of offensive or improper parts. The
phrase originates from editions of Greek and Roman classics which Louis XIV had
censored for his heir apparent, the Dauphin. Also rarely in usum Delphini (into
the use of the Dauphin).

ad usum proprium (ad us. propr.)

for one's own use

ad utrumque paratus

prepared for either [alternative]

The motto of Lund University, with the implied alternatives being the book
(study) and the sword (defending the country in war).

ad valorem
according to value
Used in commerce to refer to ad valorem taxes, taxes based on the assessed value
of real estate or personal property.

ad victoriam
to victory
More commonly translated into "for victory" this is a battlecry of the Romans.

ad vitam aeternam
to eternal life
Also "to life everlasting". A common Biblical phrase.

ad vitam aut culpam

for life or until fault
Usually used of a term of office.

addendum
thing to be added
An item to be added, especially a supplement to a book. The plural is addenda.

adaequatio intellectus et rei

correspondence of the mind and reality
One of the definitions of the truth. When the mind has the same form as reality,
we think truth. Also found as adaequatio rei et intellectus.

adaequatio intellectus nostri cum re

conformity of our minds to the fact

A phrase used in Epistemology regarding the nature of understanding.

adsum
I am here
Equivalent to "Present!" or "Here!" The opposite of absum "I am absent".

adversus solem ne loquitor

don't speak against the sun
Or don't argue what's obviously wrong.

advocatus diaboli
devil's advocate
Someone who, given a certain argument, takes a position he or she does not
necessarily agree with, for the sake of argument.

aegri somnia
a sick man's dreams
From Horace, Ars Poetica, 7. Loosely, "troubled dreams".

aetat.
"of age" / "aged" (in the sense of: "age: ...)
Abbreviation of "aetatis"; further abbreviated (and more common): "aet." e.g.:
"aetat" or "aet. 36" = "36 years old".

aetatis suae
of one's own age
Thus, "at the age of". Appeared on portraits, gravestones, etc. Sometimes
extended to anno aetatis suae (AAS), "in the year of his age". Sometimes
shortened to just aetatis or aetat (aet.).
The tomb reads Anno 1629 Aetatis Suae 46 because she died in 1629 at age 46.

affidavit
he asserted
A legal term from Medieval Latin referring to a sworn statement. From fides,
"faith".

age quod agis

Do what you are doing.
More often translated as "Do well whatever you do", this phrase is used as the
motto of several Catholic schools. Literally translated, it means "Drive,
because you are driven"; figuratively it means "keep going, because you are
inspired or dedicated to do so".

agenda
things to be done
Originally comparable to a to-do list, an ordered list of things to be done. Now
generalized to include any planned course of action. The singular, agendum
(thing that must be done), is rarely used.

agere sequitur credere

action follows belief
"We act according to what we believe (ourselves to be)".[2]

agere sequitur (esse)

action follows being
Metaphysical and moral principle that indicates the connection among ontology,
obligation and ethics.[2]

Agnus Dei
Lamb of God
Latin translation from John 1:36, where John the Baptist exclaims Ecce Agnus
Dei! "Behold the Lamb of God!" upon seeing Jesus, referring both to a lamb's
connotations of innocence and to a sacrificial lamb.

alea iacta est

the die has been cast

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 s
mitics.

alis auila

a
agl
's i gs

ta
m th
B  Isaiah, Chapt
 40. "But ths
h ait  th
Ld
shall i d th
i st
gth 


d, th
y shall mu t up  i gs li

agl
s,
th
y shall u a d t g 
ay, th
y shall al a d t g ai t."

alis gav

il

thi g [is] h
avy ith i gs

O " thi g is h
avy t ths
h hav
i gs". Mtt  th
P ticia
U iv
sidad
Catlica d Ri d
Ja
i.

alis vlat ppiis

sh
li
s ith h
 

i gs

Stat
mtt  O
g ; adpt
d i 1987, it 
plac
d "Th
U i ", hich as th

p
vius stat
mtt adpt
d i 1957.

alma mat


uishi g mth

T
m us
d  th
u iv
sity
t
m, maticulati , is als
stud
ts a
"
d"  l
dg

als us
d  a u iv
sity's


att
ds  has att
d
d. A th
 u iv
sity

d
iv
d m mat
. Th
t
m sugg
sts that th

a d ta
ca
 y th
u iv
sity. Th
t
m is
taditi al schl a th
m.

alt

g
a th
 I
A th
 s
l, a s
c d p
s a  alias. Ca 
us
d t d
sci
di

t
ac
ts  id
titi
s  a si gl
chaact
,  di

t chaact
s h s

m

p
s
tati s  th
sam
p
s ality. Ot
us
d  a icti al chaact
's
s
c
t id
tity.

alt
ius 

sit ui suus
ss
pt
st

L
t  ma 
a th
's h ca


his 

Fi al s
t
c
m A
sp asci
d al
(s

als A
sp's Fal
s) "Th
Fgs
Wh D
si
d a Ki g" as app
as i th
cll
cti cmm ly   as th
"A  ymus
N
v
l
ti" (al
XXI. D
a is a Iv
u

tius 
g
m). Mtt  Paac
lsus.
Usually attiut
d t Cic
.

alt
um 

la
d


t t u d a th

O
 Justi ia I's th

asic l
gal p
c
pts.

alum us 
alum a
pupil

gaduat
 m
 stud
t  a schl, cll
g
 u iv
sity

amicus cuia

i
d  th
cut

A

advis
,  a p
s

h ca tai  ga t acc
ss t th
avu  p
ul

gup, li
a Rma Cuia. I cu
t U.S. l
gal usag
, a amicus cuia
is a
thid paty all
d t sumit a l
gal pi i (i th
m  a amicus i
)
t th
cut.

Amicus Plat, s
d magis amica v
itas.

Plat is my i
d, ut tuth is a 
tt
 i
d.
t valu
tuth high
 tha i
dship; attiut
d t Aisttl
(Ethics, 1096a15)
a d Rg
 Bac

(Opus Majus, P. I, ch. v)

amitt

l
g
m t
a

t ls
th
la  th
la d
A sl
t
l
gal t
m sig iyi g th

itu
 th
ight  s
ai g i

a y

cut  caus
,  t 
cm
i amus.

Amat victia cuam

Victy avs ca

Mtt  Bayl Schl - Chatta ga, T

s

; W
ll
sl
y Cll
g
Pimay Schl
- Eastu
, N
 Z
ala d; Victia Cll
g
- St. H
li
 Paish, J
s
y, th

Cha
l Isla ds.

am
t m
ll

t 
ll

st 
cu dissimus

lv
is ich ith th h
y a d v
m

am ati
lv
 at

Ni
tzsch
ia alt
 ativ
ld vi
 t m
m
t mi [
m
m
 yu must di
].

Ni
tzsch

li
v
d am ati t 
m
li
aimi g.

am m ius id
m

lv
is th
sam
 all

m Vigil's G
gics III.

am patia

lv
 
's cu ty
Patitism.

am vi cit m ia
lv
c u
s all

itt


ac
l
t 

y th
Pi
ss i Chauc
's Th
Ca t
uy Tal
s

a glic

i E glish
Us
d 

th
a gliciz
d v
si  a d 
Maia
, a glic
, Mayla d".

am
. F
xampl
, "T
a

a  (a .)
i th
y
a
Als us
d i such phas
s as a  uis c dita
(s

a u
c dita), A 
Dmi i, a d a  
g i.

A  Dmi i (A.D.)
i th
Y
a  th
Ld
Sht  A  Dmi i Nsti I
su Chisti (i th
Y
a  Ou Ld J
sus
Chist), th
p
dmi a tly us
d syst
m  dati g y
as acss th
ld, us
d
ith th
G
gia cal
da, a d as
d  th
p
c
iv
d y
a  th
ith 
J
sus Chist. Th
y
as 

J
sus' ith 

 c
ma
d ith a.C. (A t

Chistum Natum, B

Chist as B ), ut  us
th
E glish a
viati BC
(B

Chist). Exampl
: Augustus Ca
sa as 
AD 14.

i th
y
a 63 BC, a d di
d

a  
g i
I th
y
a  th

ig
P
c
d
s "" a d th
cu
t ul
.

a uit cptis
H
ds at thi gs 
i g 
gu
O "h
appv
s u u d
tai gs". Mtt 
U it
d Stat
s a d 

th

v
s
 th
G
at S
al  th

th
ac  th
U it
d Stat
s 
-dlla ill.

a us hiilis
hil
y
a
A 
c
t pu  a us miailis, ist
hat a ad y
a 1992 had 

 h
,


 t ma y th
 y
as p
c
iv
d as
phas
uld actually m
a "t
iyi g

us
d y Qu

Eliza
th II t d
sci

a d sus
u
tly ccasi ally us
d t
"hil
". I Classical Lati , this
y
a". S

als a us t
iilis.

a us miailis

 d
ul y
a
Us
d paticulaly t 

 t th
y
as 16651666, dui g hich Isaac N
t
mad

vluti ay i v
ti s a d discv
i
s i calculus, mti , ptics a d
gavitati . A us Miailis is als th
titl
 a p
m y Jh Dyd
itt

i th
sam
y
a. It has si c


us
d t 

 t th
 y
as,
sp
cially t
1905, h
Al
t Ei st
i mad

ually 
vluti ay discv
i
s c c
 i g th

pht
l
ctic

ct, B ia

mti

a d th
sp
cial th
y  
lativity. (S

A us Miailis pap
s)

a us t
iilis
d
adul y
a
Us
d t d
sci
1348, th
y
a th
Blac D
ath 
ga t alict Eup
.

a t

llum



th
a

As i "status u a t

llum", "as it as 

th
a". Cmm ly us
d i th

Suth
 U it
d Stat
s as a t

llum t 

 t th
p
id p
c
di g th

Am
ica Civil Wa.

a t
cium (a.c.)



d
M
dical shtha d  "

m
als".

a t
litt
am



th
l
tt


Said  a
xp
ssi  t
m that d
sci
s sm
thi g hich
xist
d 

th

phas
its
l as i tduc
d  
cam
cmm . Exampl
: Ala Tui g as a
cmput
 sci
tist a t
litt
am, si c
th
i
ld  "cmput
 sci
c
" as t
y
t 
cg iz
d i Tui g's day.

a t
m
idi
m (a.m.)



midday
Fm mid ight t 

(c. pst m
idi
m).

a t
mt
m



d
ath
S

pst mt
m (at
 d
ath).

a t
pa dium (a.p.)



lu ch
Us
d  phamac
utical p
scipti s t d
t
"

a m
al". L
ss cmm
pst pa dium, "at
 lu ch".

is

appaatus citicus
tls  a citic
T
xtual t
s. A list  th
 
adi gs 
lati g t a dcum
t,
sp
cially i a
schlaly
diti  a t
xt.

aua (a.)

at


aua tis
st g at

R

s t

itic acid.

aua pua
pu
at

O "cl
a at
", "cl
a at
".

aua 
gia

yal at



s t a mixtu
 hydchlic acid a d itic acid.

aua vita

at
  li

"Spiit  Wi
" i ma y E glish t
xts. Us
d t 

 t vaius ativ

distill
d 
v
ag
s, such as hisy (uisg

atha) i Sctla d a d I
la d, gi
i Hlla d, a dy (
au d
vi
) i Fa c
, a d avavit i Sca di avia.

auila 

capit muscas

a
agl
d
s 't catch li
s

A l
 impta t p
s

d
s 't d
al ith i sig iica t issu
s.

aa
litus
t plugh th
s
ash

Fm G
had G
hads' (14661536) [
tt
  
a tat
d Adagia (1508). Wast
d lau.

ait

l
ga tiaum

judg
 tast
s

as Easmus] cll
cti 

O
h p
sci
s, ul
s  ,  is a 
cg iz
d authity  matt
s  scial


havi a d tast
. Said  P
t ius. Sm
tim
s u d i th
si gula, ait


l
ga tia
(judg
 tast
).

Aca a imp
ii
I visil
p

.

Aca um  i t
is a ima

Th
s
c
t 
hi d a gd md
Mtt  th
Sta  B

y i

B .

acus s
ilis

  a ld p
s

A pau
cicl
au d th
c
a  th

y
, t

s

i
ld
ly p
pl
.

aduus ad sl
m
Stivi g tads th
su
Mtt  th
Victia U iv
sity  Ma ch
st
.

ag
tum alum

hit
silv

Als "silv
 ci ". M
ti
d i

th
Dm
sday B, sig ii
s ulli ,  silv


u ci
d.

agu
d

 agui g
F th
sa
 agum
t. Said h

sm
thi g is d
pu
ly i d
 t discuss

a matt
  illustat
a pi t. Exampl
: L
t us assum
, agu
d, that yu
claim is c
ct.

agum
tum

agum
t
O "
as i g", "i 

c
", "app
al", "p". Th
plual is agum
ta.
Cmm ly us
d i th
am
s  lgical agum
ts a d allaci
s, p
c
di g phas
s
such as a sil
ti (y sil
c
), ad a tiuitat
m (t a tiuity), ad aculum (t
th
stic), ad capta dum (t captui g), ad c s
u
tiam (t th
c s
u
c
),
ad cum
am (t th
pus
), ad 
mi am (t th
ma ), ad hmi
m (t th

p
s ), ad ig a tiam (t ig a c
), ad judicium (t judgm
t), ad lazaum
(t pv
ty), ad lgicam (t lgic), ad m
tum (t 
a), ad mis
icdiam (t
pity), ad aus
am (t aus
a), ad vitat
m (t v
lty), ad p
s am (t th

chaact
), ad um
um (t th
um
), ad dium (t spit
), ad ppulum (t th

p
pl
), ad t
mp
a tiam (t md
ati ), ad v

cu diam (t 
v

c
),
x
sil
ti (m sil
c
), i t

m (i t t
), a d
c tai (m/t th

ppsit
).

as [
st] c
la
at
m

at [is] t c c
al at
A a
sth
tic id
al that gd at shuld app
a
m
di
val igi , ut t

atual ath
 tha c tiv
d. O

i c
ctly attiut
d t Ovid.[3]

as gatia atis

at  at's sa

Ta slat
d i t Lati m Baud
lai
's "L'at pu l'at". Mtt 
M
t-Gldy -May
. This phasi g is a di
ct ta slati  'at  th
sa

 at.' Whil
v
y symm
tical  th
MGM lg, th

tt
 Lati d d
 is
'As atis gatia.'

as l ga, vita 
vis

at is l g, li
is sht
Th
Lati ta slati y S

ca (D
B
vitat
Vita
, 1.1)  a phas
m
Hippcat
s, t
us
d ut  c t
xt. Th
"at" 


d t i th
igi al
aphism as th
cat  m
dici
, hich t a li
tim
t acui
.

at

t la

y at a d y lau
mtt  Blacu

Rv
s F.C.

Atis Bh
mia
Amicis

Fi
ds  Cz
ch Ats
Aad  th
Mi ist
  Cultu
 th
Cz
ch R
pulic  th
pmti  th

psitiv

putati  Cz
ch cultu
aad.

asi us ad lyam
a ass t th
ly

Fm Easmus's cll
cti  Adag
s. A aad  i cmp
t
t i dividual.

asi us asi um icat

th
jacass us th
jacass
Us
d t d
sci
t p
pl
lavishi g
xc
ssiv
pais
 
a th
.

ass
cuatus 

ua
it lucum s
d agit
i dam  sit

th
assu
d d
s t s

 pit ut ma
s [it his pit] that h
t 
i
lss
R

s t th
i sua c
pi cipl
that th
i d
m ity ca t 
lag
 tha th

lss.

Asta i cli a t, s
d  liga t

Th
stas i cli
us, th
y d

t i d us

R

s t th
F

ill v
 th
astlgical d
t
mi ism.

auctitas
authity
Th
l
v
l  p
stig
a p
s

Auctitas 

had i Rma sci
ty.

v
itas acit l
g
m

authity, t tuth, ma
s la

This mula app
as i th
1670 Lati ta slati  th
H
s' L
viatha , II,
26[4]

audact
 calum ia
, s
mp
 aliuid ha

t

sla d
 ldly, sm
thi g alays stics

m Fa cis Bac , D
Augm
tis Sci
tiaum (1623)

audax at id
lis

ld ut aithul

Mtt  Qu

sla d.

aud
amus
l
t us da

Mtt  Otag U iv
sity Stud
ts' Assciati , a di
ct 
sp s
t th

u iv
sity's mtt  sap

aud
"da
t 
is
". Als Mtt  Champlai
Cll
g
i Buli gt , V
m t.

aud
mus jua sta d

d



da
t d

d u ights

Stat
mtt  Alaama, adpt
d i 1923. Ta slat
d i t Lati

m a paaphas

 th
sta za "M
h th
i duti
s   / But   th
i ights, a d  i g,
da
mai tai " m th
p
m "What C stitut
s a Stat
?" y 18th-c
tuy auth
William J
s.

aud
t
s tu a iuvat

tu
avs th
ld

Fm Vigil, A

id X, 284 (h

th
ist d is i th
achaic m
aud
tis). All
g
dly th
last ds  Pli y th
Eld
 

h
l
t th
dcs
at Pmp
ii t 
scu
p
pl
m th

upti  V
suvius i 79. Ot
ut
d as
audac
s tu a iuvat. Als th
mtt  th
Ptugu
s
Amy Cmma ds, a d th

USS M tp
li
 (SSN-765) i th
latt
 m.

aud


st ac


t da
is t d
mtt  Ttt
ham Htspu F.C.

audi alt
am pat
m

h
a th
th
 sid

A l
gal pi cipl
 ai
ss. Als d
d as audiatu
t alt
a pas (l
t th

th
 sid

h
ad t).

audi hst
m
I h
a th


my
Mtt  845 NAS Ryal Navy

audi, vid
, tac

h
a, s

, 
sil
t
Mtt  S
cuity I mati

S
vic
 th
Cz
ch R
pulic

au
a m
dicitas
gld

m
a

Fm Hac
's Od
s II, 10. R

s t th

thical gal  
achi g a vituus
middl
gu d 
t

t si ul
xt
m
s. Th
gld
m
a c c
pt is cmm t
ma y philsph
s, chi
ly Aisttl
.

aui saca am
s

accus
d hu g
  gld
Fm Vigil, A

id 3,57. Lat
 ut
d y S

ca as ud  mtalia p
cta
cg
s, aui saca am
s "What d 't yu c
mtal h
ats [t d], accus
d
hu g
  gld!"

auius t

 lupum
I hld a l y th

as
A cmm a ci
t pv
, this v
si m T

c
. I dicat
s that 
is i a
da g
us situati h

th hldi g  a d l
tti g g culd 
d
adly. A
md
 v
si is "T hav
a tig
 y th
tail."

aua austalis
suth


da

Th
Suth


Lights, a aua that app
as i th
Suth


H
misph

. It is

l
ss 
ll-  tha th
Nth
 Lights,  au
a 
alis. Th
Aua
Austalis is als th
am
 a A tactic ic

a
 ship.

aua 
alis

th


lights

Th
Nth


Lights, a aua that app
as i

th
Nth


H
misph

.

aua musis amica

Da is a i
d t th
Mus
s
Titl
 a distich y Iha
s Chist
ius (15991672): "C v
i
s studiis 

st x, cmmda lux
st; / Luc
la  us
st
t  a ct
ui
s." (Night is

t suital
 studyi g, daylight is; / i g y light is gd, as is 
st

at ight.) i Nihus, Bathld (1642). Epigammata disticha. Jha
s Ki cius.
http://s.ggl
.cm.au/s?id=_ MTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT110.

auum pt
stas
st

gld is p

Mtt  th
icti al Fl amily i
Cl


th
At
mis Fl s
i
s, itt

y Ei

auspicium m
liis a
vi

hp
/t
 a 
tt
 ag

Mtt  th
Od
  St Micha
l a d St G
g
a d mtt  Ral
s I stituti ,
a s
c day schl i

aut Ca
sa aut

Si gap
.

ihil

ith
 Ca
sa  thi g

I dicat
s that th
 ly valid pssiility is t 

mp
,  a similaly
pmi
t psiti . M
g

ally, "all  thi g". Adpt
d y C
sa
Bgia
as a p
s al mtt.

aut c cili aut
s

ith
 y m

ti g  th
sd

Thus,
ith
 thugh 
as
d discussi  thugh a. A m
 mtt 

Chil
, 
plac
d y pst t

as lux.

aut cum scut aut i scut

ith
 ith shi
ld  

shi
ld

aut
ca aut
ca

ith
 ill  
ill
d


ca

c
is (ill l
st yu 
ill
d)

aut pax aut 
llum

ith
 p
ac
 a

Th
mtt  th
Gu

Cla .

aut viam i v
iam aut aciam

I ill
ith
 i d a ay  ma


Ha ial.

aut vi c

aut mi

ith
 t c u
  t di

A g

al pl
dg
 victia aut ms "victy  d
ath". Mtt  th

Higg
tham, a d Higgi ttm amili
s  Ch
shi
E gla d; paticipa ts i th

Wa  th
Rs
s.

av
atu
val

Hail a d a

ll!
Fm Catullus, cam

101, add
ss
d t his d
c
as
d th
.

av
Eupa sta v
a Patia

Hail, Eup
, u tu
Fath
la d!
A th
m  Imp
ium Eupa.

Av
Imp
at, mitui t
saluta t

Hail, Emp
! Ths
h a
aut t di
salut
yu!
Fm Su
t ius' Th
T
lv
Ca
sas, Claudius 21. A salut
a d pl
a  m
cy

cd
d  
ccasi y aumachiaiicaptiv
s a d cimi als at
d t di

ighti g dui g mc aval
cu t
s. Lat
 v
si s i clud
d a vaia t  "W

h a
aut t di
", a d this ta slati is sm
tim
s aid
d y cha gi g th

Lati t s mitui t
salutamus.

Av
Maia
Hail, May
Cathlic pay
  i t
c
ssi

asi g May, th
mth
  J
sus t pay  th

p
titi
.
[
dit] B

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

aa c
scit caput
scit


ad gs, h
ad d
s 't g is


aa 

acit philsphum

a 
ad d
s 't ma

a philsph


aa t
us sapi
t
s

is
as a as th

ad
O is
 ly i app
aa c
. Fm Easmus's cll
cti  Adag
s.

B
ata Vig Maia (BVM)

Bl
ss
d Vigi May

A cmm
am
i th
Rma Cathlic Chuch  May, th
mth
  J
sus. Th

g
itiv
, B
ata
Maia
Vigi is (BMV), ccus t
as 
ll, app
ai g ith
such ds as ha
(hus), lita ia
(lita i
s) a d icium (ic
).


ata
m
mia

 l
ss
d m
my
S

i m
miam.


ati paup

s spiitu

Bl
ss
d i spiit [a
] th
p.
A B
atitud
m Matth
 5:3 i th
Vulgat
: 
ati paup

s spiitu, u iam
ipsum
st 
g um ca
lum "Bl
ss
d i spiit [a
] th
p,  th
is is th

i gdm  th
h
av
s".


ati pssid
t
s

l
ss
d [a
] ths
h pss
ss
Ta slat
d m Euipid
s.


atus hm ui i v
it sapi
tiam

l
ss
d is th
ma h i ds isdm
m Pv
s 3:13; s
t t music i a 1577 mt
t  th
sam

Lass.

am
y Ola d di


lla g
a t alii

Pt
silaus am
t!
l
t th
s ag
a
Pt
silaus shuld lv
!
Oigi ally m Ovid, H
id
s 13.84,[5] h

Ladamia is
husa d Pt
silaus h is at th
Tja Wa. Sh

gs him
da g
, ut h
as i act th
ist G

 t di
at Ty.
Hasug maiag
s  1477 a d 1496, itt
as 
lla g
a
Austia u
(l
t th
s ag
a; yu, tu at
Austia,
Matthias.


llum m ium c ta m
s

iti g t h

t stay ut 
Als us
d  th

t alii, tu 
lix
may). Said y Ki g

a  all agai st all

A phas
us
d y Thmas H
s t d
sci
th
stat


atu
.


llum s
ipsum al
t

a 

ds its
l

i
g sum

I di , th


I am
A play 

"cgit
g sum", "I thi  th


I am".

is dat ui cit dat

h
giv
s tic
, h giv
s pmptly
A git giv

ithut h
sitati

is as gd as t gits.

is i di
(id)

tic
i a day
M
dical shtha d  "tic
a day".

 a id

i gd aith
I th
 ds, "
ll-i t
ti
d", "aily". I md
 c t
xts, t
has
c tati s  "g
ui
ly"  "si c

ly". B a id
s is t th
plual (hich
uld 
 is id
us), ut th
mi ativ
, a d m
a s simply "gd aith".
Oppsit
 mala id
.

 a tailia
t
-thy gds
I la, i a p
s dyi g has gds,  gd d
ts, i a th
 dic
s

juisdicti ithi that pvi c
, 
sid
s his gds i th
dic
s
h

h

di
s, amu ti g t a c
tai mi imum valu
, h
is said t hav
 a tailia;
i hich cas
, th
pat  his ill 
l gs t th
achishp  that
pvi c
.

 a icia
gd s
vic
s
A ati 's 
 t m
diat
i disput
s 
t

t th


ati s.

 a patia
gds  a cu ty
A juy  assiz
 cu tym
,  gd
ighs.

 a vaca tia
vaca t gds
U it
d Ki gdm l
gal t
m  
l
ss pp
ty that pass
s t Th
C .

 i pastis
st t d

p
cus 

d
glu


it is a gd sh
ph
d's [j] t sh
a his lc, t t lay th
m

Ti
ius 
pt
dly said this t his 
gi al cmma d
s, as a a i g agai st
taxi g th
ppulac

xc
ssiv
ly.

  malum sup
at

Ov
cm

vil ith gd
Mtt  W
st it Schl.

 um cmmu
cmmu itatis

cmm

gd  th
cmmu ity

O "g

al 
la
". R

s t hat 

its a sci
ty, as pps
d t  um

cmmu
hmi is, hich 

s t hat is gd  a i dividual. I th
ilm Ht
Fuzz, this phas
is cha t
d y a ass
ml
d gup  p
pl
, i hich c t
xt
it is d
li
at
ly simila t a th
 phas
that is 
p
at
d thughut th

ilm, hich is Th
G
at
 Gd.

 um cmmu
hmi is
cmm

gd  a ma

R

s t a i dividual's happi
ss, hich is t "cmm " i that it s
v
s

v
y
, ut i that i dividuals t
d t 
al
t i d happi
ss i simila

thi gs.

utum ulm

haml
ss ( i
t) thu d
lt
Us
d t i dicat

ith
 a
mpty th
at,  a judg
m
t at la hich has 
pactical

ct.

usillis

Ps
ud-Lati m
a i g "ali g puzzl
"  "diicult pi t". Jh  C all
(ca. 1170) as  c
as
d y a sci
hat th
d m
a t. It tu s ut that th

igi al t
xt said i di
us illis mag is pl
a
(i ths
days th




pl
ty  g
at thi gs), hich th
sci
mis
ad as i di
usillis mag is
pl
a
(i I dia th



pl
ty  lag
usillis).
[
dit] C

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

cac
th
s sci
di
i satial
d
si
t it

Cacth
s[6] "ad hait",  m
dically, "malig a t dis
as
" is a i g 
G

 ath
s.[7] Th
phas
is d
iv
d m a li
i th
Sati
s  Juv
al:
T

t i sa ail
mults sci
di cac
th
s,  "th
i cual
d
si
( itch)
 iti g a
cts ma y". S

hyp
gaphia.

cadav
a v
 i um
a

tuly cu tl
ss di
s
Us
d y th
Rma s t d
sci
th
at
math  th
Battl
 th
Catalau ia
Plai s.

Ca
dit

s. Nvit
im Dmi us ui su t
ius.

Kill th
m. F th
Ld  s ths
h a
his.

Supps
d stat
m
t y At A aud Amalic 

th
massac
 Bzi
s dui g
th
Alig
sia Cusad
, 
cd
d 30 y
as lat
, accdi g t Ca
sa 
H
ist
ach.

Ca
lum 

a imum muta t ui ta s ma
cuu t

Ths
h huy css th
s
a cha g
th
sy [up
stat
 mi d

th
m], t th
i suls 

H
xam
t
 y Hac
(Epistula
I, 11 v.27). S

ca sht
s it t A imum d

s

muta
,  ca
lum (Yu must cha g
[yu] dispsiti , t [yu] sy) i his
L
tt
 t Lucilium XXVIII, 1

Ca
sa 

supa gammatics

Ca
sa has  authity v
 th
gammaia s

ca
t
a d
su t
th

st is missi g
Ca
t
a is M
di
val Lati sp
lli g  ct
a.

calix m
us i
ia s

my cup mai g m
du 

cam
a scua
da cham

A ptical d
vic
us
d i dai g, a d a a c
st  md

suc
 th
d cam
a.

ca
s pug ac
s

a dgs  ighti g dgs

ca is ca
m
dit
dg
ats dg

phtgaphy. Th

R

s t a situati

h

dy is sa
m a ydy,
ach ma

 hims
l.

capax i i iti
hldi g th
i i it

a t
m 

i g (at l
ast) t sm
Chistia dcti
s  th
i ca ati 
th
S  Gd h
it ass
ts that huma ity is capal
 husi g ull divi ity

ithi its i it
am
. R
lat
d t th
Dc
tic h

sy a d sm
tim
s a

cu t
pi t t th
R
m
d '
xtacalvi isticum.'

caput i t


uila (c dit)

(h
plu g
s) [his] h
ad i th
cluds

S agga diz
d as t 

y d pactical (
athly) 
ach  u d
sta di g (m
Vigil's A

id a d th
sht
 m app
as i Jh Lc
's T T
atis
s 
Gv
 m
t)

caput mtuum
d
ad h
ad
Oigi ally a alch
mical 


c
t th
d
ad h
ad  thl
ss 
sidu
l
t
v
 m a 
acti . Als us
d t 

 t a 

lad
  thl
ss
l
m
t.

Caitas Chisti
Th
lv
 Chist
It impli
s a cmma d t lv
as Chist lv
d. Mtt  St. Fa cis Xavi
 High
Schl lcat
d i W
st M
adla Pa, Edm t .

Caitas i V
itat

Chaity i Tuth
Pp
B

dict XVI's thid
cyclical.

cap
di
m
s
iz
th
day
A
xhtati t liv
 tday. Fm Hac
, Od
s I, 11.8. Cap



s t
pluci g  l
s  uit. Th
phas
cllig
vig sas has a simila
s
s
.

cap

ct
m

s
iz
th

ight

A
xhtati t ma
gd us
 th
ight, t
us
d h
cap
di
m, .v.,
uld s

m asud,
.g., h
s
vi g a d

p-sy j
ct  c ducti g a
M
ssi
 maath 
gagi g i scial activiti
s at
 su s
t.

cap
vi um
s
iz
th
i

Cathag d
l
da
st

Cathag
must 
d
sty
d
Th
Rma s
at Cat th
Eld

d
d
v
y sp

ch at
 s
c d Pu ic Was ith
c
t
um c
s
 Cathagi
m
ss
d
l
dam, lit
ally "F th

st, I am  th

pi i that Cathag
is t 
d
sty
d." B

th
atiicati  th
T
aty

 Lis i th
Eup
a Paliam
t, Da i
l Ha a
d
d all his sp

ch
s i a

simila ay ith Pacti Olisipi
sis c
s
da
st "Th
T
aty  Lis must 

put t a 


dum".

castigat id
d m
s

O
c
cts custms y laughi g at th
m
O, "[Cm
dy/Sati
] citicis
s custms thugh humu", is a phas
ci
d y
F
ch N
 Lati p
t J
a d
Sa t
ul, ut sm
tim
s  gly attiut
d t his
c t
mpay Mli
 t Rma lyic p
t Hac
.

casus 
lli

v
t  a
R

s t a i cid
t that is th
justiicati  cas
 a.

cath
da m
a, 
gula
m
a

"My chai, my ul
s"
A ut
m Th
Big Ba g Th
y h

Sh
ld

Cp
 is discussi g th
"stat


t
 al dis" i hich h
plac
d his avuit
chai. Qut
m S
i
s 3,
Episd
22.

causa lat
t, vis
st tissima

Th
caus
is hidd
, ut th

sult is 
ll   .
Ovid: M
tamphs
s IV, 287; mtt  Alpha Sigma Phi.

causa mtis
caus
 d
ath

cav


a
!

sp
cially us
d y Dcts  M
dici
, h

th
y a t t a

ach th
 (
.g.:

"cav

phlithias
s" i d
 t a aut sid


cts  a uicsuic).

Sp
alud i sm
Bitish pulic schls y pupils t a
ach th
 
imp
di g authity.

cav
ca
m
B
a
 th
dg

cav
at
mpt
l
t th
uy
 
a

Th
puchas
 is 
sp sil
 ch
ci g h
th
 th
gds suit his

d.
Phas
s md
l
d  this 

plac

mpt ith l
ct, suscipt, v
dit,
utilit: "
ad
", "sig
", "s
ll
", "us
".

c
da t ama tga

l
t ams yi
ld t th
g
"L
t militay p
 yi
ld t civilia p
", Cic
, D
Oiciis I:77. S

als
Tga

c
l
ius uam aspaagi ccu tu

m
sitly tha aspaagus [st
m]s a
c
d

O simply "ast
 tha ci g aspaagus". A vaia t  th
Rma phas

v
lcius uam aspaagi cua tu, usi g a di

t adv
 a d a alt
 ativ

md a d sp
lli g  cu

.

c
pi cpus
I gt th
dy
I la, it is a 
tu mad
y th
sh
i, up a capias,  th
 pc
ss t
th
li
pups
; sig iyi g, that h
has ta
th
dy  th
paty. S

als
ha
as cpus.

c
tum
st ud c
tum 
ddi pt
st

it is c
tai , hat
v
 ca 

d

d c
tai
O "... i it ca 

d

d c
tai ." Ot
us
d i la h
sm
thi g is t
  , ut ca 
asc
tai
d (
.g. th
puchas
pic
 a sal
hich is t 

d
t
mi
d y a thid-paty valu
)

c
ssa t
ati
l
gis c
ssat ipsa l
x

h

th

as

 th
la c
as
s, th
la its
l c
as
s

A ul
 la 
cm
s i

ctiv
h

th

as

 its applicati

has c
as
d

t
xist  d
s t c
sp d t th

ality a ym
. By Gatia .

c
t
a d
su t
th

st a
missi g
Als sp
ll
d "ca
t
a d
su t".

c
t
is paius
all th
 thi gs 
i g
ual
That is, dis
gadi g 
limi ati g
xta
us acts i

a situati .

chata pad ati is s
d

d
d

a pap
  pad

t d

d 
s
l

Th
m  a pad

 illi g a th
 ma i s
l-d

c
(s

ma slaught
).

chata pad ati is utlagaia

a pap
  pad

t th
utla

Th
m  a pad  a ma h is utla
d. Als call
d p
d ati

utlagaia
.

Chistia s ad l

s
[Th th
] Chistia s t th
li s!

Chist
t Dcti a

F Chist a d L
a i g
Th
mtt  Fuma U iv
sity.

Chistus s li
avit
Chist has 

d us
titl
 vlum
I,  5, chapt
 XI  L
s Misal
s y Vict Hug.

Chistus R
x
Chist th
Ki g
A Chistia titl
 J
sus.

cica (c.)  (ca.)

au d
I th
s
s
 "appximat
ly"  "aut". Usually us
d  a dat
.

ciculus i pa d
cicl
mad
i t
sti g [a p
mis
]
Cicula 
as i g. Simila t
m t ciculus vitisus.

ciculus vitisus
vicius cicl

I lgic, 
ggi g th
u
sti , a allacy i vlvi g th
p
suppsiti  a

ppsiti i 
 th
p
mis
s (s

p
titi pi cipii). I sci
c
, a
psitiv


dac lp. I
c mics, a cu t
pat t th
vituus cicl
.

citius altius tius

ast
, high
, st g


Mtt  th
md


Olympics.

clam
a admitt
da i iti

p
 attu atum

A it h

y th
i g  E gla d culd cmma d th
justic
t admit 
's
claim y a att
y, h 
i g
mply
d i th
i g's s
vic
, ca t cm
i
p
s .

cla

aud

gaud


[
] ight, dai g, jyul
Mtt  th
G
al amily.

clausum 
git

A l
gal acti  t
spass t la d; s call
d, 
caus
th
it d
ma ds th

p
s summ
d t a s
 h


h

th
cls
(ua
clausum 
git),
i.
., hy h

t

d th
plai ti's la d.

clav
s Sa cti P
ti

th

ys  Sai t P
t

A syml  th
Papacy.

clavis au
a
gld


y

Th
m
a s  discv
i g hidd
 myst
ius m
a i gs i t
xts, paticulaly

appli
d i th
lgy a d alch
my.

cl
ic admitt
d

 
i g mad
a cl


I la, a it di
ct
d t th
ishp,  th
admitti g a cl
 t a 

ic

up a
admittas, ti
d, a d u d  th
paty h pcu
s th
it.

cl
ic capt p
 statutum m
catum

I la, a it  th
d
liv
y  a cl
 ut  pis , h is impis
d up
th

ach  statut
m
cha t.

cl
ic c vict cmmiss gala
i d

ctu di aii d
li
a d

I la, a it  th
d
liv
y  a cl
 t his di ay, that as m
ly
c vict
d  
l y; y 
as that his di ay did t chall
g
him accdi g
t th
pivil
g
 cl
s.

cl
ic i ta sacs di
s c stitut 
lig
d i icium

I la, a it di
ct
d t th
ailis,
tc., that hav
thust a ailiic 

adl
ship up 
i hly d
s; chagi g th
m t 
l
as
him.

Cd
x Iuis Ca  ici

B  Ca 

La

Th
icial cd
 ca 

Ca  ici).

la i th
Rma Cathlic Chuch (c. Cpus Iuis

Cgitati is p
am
m patitu

"N 
su
s pu ishm
t  m

i t
t."
A Lati l
gal phas
. S

, Stat
v Tayl, 47 O 455, 84 P 82.

cgit
g sum

I thi , th


I am.

A ati alistic agum
t us
d y F
ch philsph
 R
D
scat
s t att
mpt t

pv
his 
xist
c
.

citus i t
uptus
i t
upt
d c g
ss
Ati g s
xual i t
cus
pi t
jaculati th
 ly p
mitt
d m 
ith c tl i sm

ligi s.

citus m

aum

c g
ss i

th
ay  
asts

A m
dical
uph
mism  th
dggy-styl
s
xual psiti .

cllig
vig sas

pic, gil, th
s
s

Exhtati t
jy ully th
yuth, simila t Cap
di
m, m D
sis
asc
tius (als titl
d Idyllium d
sis) attiut
d t Aus ius  Vigil.

"Gath
 y
s
uds hil
y
may", 1909, y Jh

William Wat
hus

cmi ati va

 cmi ati
It is 
u
tly a
viat
d cm. v.. It is us
d i th
li
sci
c
s
lit
atu
h
a
 am
is i tduc
d,
.g. Kl
si
lla ga ulmatis cm.
v..

cmmu ius a is
i cmm

y
as

O
y
a ith a th
;  a av
ag
. "Cmm " h

d
s t m
a "di ay",
ut "cmm t
v
y situati "

cmmu ius lcis

i cmm

plac
s

A t
m 
u
tly us
d am g philsphical a d th
 it
s, implyi g sm

m
dium,  m
a 
lati 
t

s
v
al plac
s; 
plac
ith a th
;  a
m
dium. "Cmm " h

d
s t m
a "di ay", ut "cmm t
v
y situati "

cmmu is pi i
cmm

pi i

p
vaili g dcti
, g

ally acc
pt
d vi
 (i a acad
mic i
ld), sci
tiic

c s
sus; igi ally cmmu is pi i dctum, "cmm pi i  th
dcts"

cmps m
tis
i c tl  th
mi d
D
sci
s sm

 su d mi d. Sm
tim
s us
d i ically. Als a l
gal
pi cipl
,  cmps m
tis ( t i c tl  
's aculti
s), us
d t
d
sci
a i sa
p
s .

c cdia cum v
itat

i ham y ith tuth
Mtt  th
U iv
sity  Wat
l.

c cdia salus


ll-
i g thugh ham y

Mtt  M t
al. It is als th
Ba   M t
al cat  ams a d mtt.

c d
m a t ud 

i t
ll
gu t

Th
y c d
m hat th
y d t u d
sta d 

Th
y c d
m 
caus
th
y d t u d
sta d
Th
ud h

is amiguus: it may 
th

lativ
p u  a c ju cti .

c dici si
ua 
c diti

ithut hich t

A 
ui
d, i disp
sal
c diti . Cmm ly mista
ly 
d

d ith c diti

("s
as i g"  "p
s
vi g") i plac
 c dici ("aa g
m
t" 
"c diti ").

c 
 (c.)
c 
[8][9]
"cmpa
". Us
d as a a
viati i t
xt t 
cmm
d a cmpais
a th
 thi g (c. citati sig al).

ith

C 
d
ati H
lv
tica (C.H.)

H
lv
tia C 
d
ati
Th
icial am
 Sitz
la d, h
c
th
us
 "CH"  its ISO cu ty
cd
, ".ch"  its I t

t dmai , a d "CHF"  th
ISO th

-l
tt

a
viati  its cu
cy, th
Siss a c.

c iu ctis viius

ith c
ct
d st
gth

O "ith u it
d p
s". Sm
tim
s 
d

d c ju ctis viius. Mtt  Qu


May, U iv
sity  L d .

c su
tud p l
g
s
vatu

Custm is h
ld as la.
Wh

th

a
 sp
ciic las, th
matt
 shuld 
d
cid
d y custm;[10]

stalish
d custms hav
th
c
 las.[11] Als c su
tud
st alt
a l
x
(custm is a th
 la) a d c su
tud vi cit cmmu
m l
g
m (custm v
ul
s
th
cmm la); s

als: C su
tudi ay.

c summatum
st
It is cmpl
t
d.
Th
last ds  J
sus 

th
css i th
Lati

ta slati  Jh

19:30.

c t
mptus mu di/sa
culi
sc

 th
ld/tim
s

D
spisi g th
s
cula ld. Th
m   philsph
's 
j
cti  a mu da

li
a d ldly valu
s.

c ta  s m
s

agai st gd mals

O
siv
t th
c sci
c
a d t a s
s
 justic
.

c ta l
g
m
agai st th
la
Esp
cially i civil la juisdicti s, said  a u d
sta di g  a statut

that di
ctly c tadicts its di g a d thus is
ith
 valid y
i t
p
tati
 y a algy.

c ta p

t
m

agai st th
p

I c tact la, th
dcti
 c tactual i t
p
tati hich pvid
s that
a amiguus t
m ill 
c stu
d agai st th
paty that imps
d its i clusi
i th
c tact , m
accuat
ly, agai st th
i t

sts  th
paty h
imps
d it.

c ta sp
m sp


hp
agai st hp

Titl
 a p
m y L
sya Uai a; als us
d i

th
P
tat
uch ith 


c
t

Aaham th
Patiach.

c ta vim mtis 

c
scit h
a ( salvia) i htis

N h
 ( sag
) gs i

th
gad
s agai st th
p
  d
ath

th

is  m
dici
agai st d
ath; m vaius m
di
val m
dici al t
xts

c tadicti i
c tadicti

t
mi is
i t
ms

A thi g  id
a that uld
mdy a c tadicti , 
xampl
, paym
t  a
git,  a cicl
ith c
s. Th
allacy  ppsi g such a thi g.

c ta pi cipia
ga t
m 
st disputa dum

th

ca


 d
at
ith ths
h d
y th
u dati s

D
at
is uitl
ss h

yu d 't ag



cmm ul
s, acts,

p
suppsiti s.

c taia c taiis cua tu

th
ppsit
is cu
d ith th
ppsit

Fist mulat
d y Hippcat
s t sugg
st that th
dis
as
s a
cu
d ith
c tay 
m
di
s. A t ym  similia similius cua tu (th
dis
as
s a


cv

d ith simila 
m
di
s.)

c ad c luitu

h
at sp
as t h
at
Fm Augusti
's C 
ssi s, 

i g t a p
sci
d m
thd  pay
: havi g
a "h
at t h
at" ith Gd. Cmm ly us
d i 


c
t a lat
 ut
y
Cadi al Jh H
y N
ma . A mtt  N
ma Clus.

c aut ms

H
at  D
ath
(Yu chic
is 
t

) Th
H
at (Mal Valu
s, Duty, Lyalty)  D
ath (t

l g
 matt
, t  l g
 

sp
ct
d as p
s  i t
gity.)

c m
um tii 
 dmi
pmpt

t si c


my h
at I 
 t yu Ld pmptly a d si c

ly
Jh Calvi 's p
s al mtt, als adpt
d y Calvi

Cll
g

c u um


h
at
A ppula schl mtt. Ot
us
d as am
s  
ligius a d th

ga isati s such as th
P tiical Cu cil C U um.

cam D

i th
P
s
c
 Gd
A phas
m Chistia th
lgy hich summaiz
s th
id
a  Chistia s livi g
i th
P
s
c
, u d
 th
authity , a d t th
h  a d gly  Gd.

cam is, cam vis

i u p
s
c
, i

yu p
s
c

T i ds  its 
.

cam ppul
i th
p
s
c
 th
p
pl

Thus, p
ly.

cam pulic
i vi
  th
pulic

Cpus Chisti
Bdy  Chist
Th

am
 a 
ast i

is als th

th
Rma Cathlic Chuch cmm
mati g th
Euchaist. It

am
 a city i

T
xas, Cpus Chisti, T
xas, th

am
 Cll
g
s

at Oxd a d Camidg
u iv
siti
s, a d a c tv
sial play.

cpus d
licti

dy  th

c

Th
act that a cim
has 

cmmitt
d, a
c
ssay act i c victi g
sm

 havi g cmmitt
d that cim
; i th

as  cim
, th

ca t
hav


a cimi al.

Cpus Iuis Ca  ici

Bdy  Ca 

La

Th
icial cmpilati  ca 

Iuis Ca  ici).

Cpus Iuis Civilis

Bdy  Civil La
Th
dy  Rma  civil la.

la i

th
Rma Cathlic Chuch (c. Cd
x

cpus vil

thl
ss dy
A p
s  thi g it  ly t 
th
j
ct  a
xp
im
t, as i th
phas

'Fiat
xp
im
tum i cp
vili.'

cig
da
thi gs t 
c
ct
d

cupti ptimi p
ssima

th
cupti

 th

st is th
st

cuptissima 
pulica pluima
l
g
s

Wh

th

pulic is at its mst cupt th
las a
mst

um
us

Tacitus

cvus culum cvi 
uit

a av

ill t pic ut a
y
 a th
 av

cuptus i
xt
mis
cupt t th

xt
m

Mtt  th
icti al Spi gi
ld May Oic
i Th
Simps s TV-Sh

cas am
t ui

u uam amavit; uiu
amavit, cas am
t

May h
lv
tm h has
v
 lv
d 

; A d may h
h has lv
d, lv

tm as 
ll
It's th

ai m th
'P
vigilium V

is', a p
m hich d
sci
s a th


day hliday i th
cult  V
us, lcat
d sm
h

i Sicily, i vlvi g th

hl
t i 
ligius 
stiviti
s ji
d ith a d

p s
s
 atu
a d V
us
as th
"pc
atix", th
li
-givi g c

hi d th

atual ld.

Cas
s Nst

Th
Futu
is Ous
Mtt  Sa

Jaci t Cll
g
.

c
ati
x ihil
c
ati ut  thi g
A c c
pt aut c
ati , t
us
d i a th
lgical  philsphical c t
xt.
Als   as th
'Fist Caus
' agum
t i Philsphy  R
ligi . C tast
d
ith c
ati
x mat
ia.

C
d i U um D
um
I B
li
v
i O
Gd
Th
ist ds  th
Nic

C

d a d th
Apstl
s' C

d.

c
d uia asudum
st

I 
li
v
it 
caus
it is asud
A v
y cmm misut
 T
tullia 's
t mtuus
st D
i Filius psus
c
diil
uia i
ptum
st (a d th
S  Gd is d
ad: i sht, it is c
dil


caus
it is u itti g), m
a i g that it is s asud t say that Gd's s

has

di
d that it uld hav
t 
a matt
  
li
, ath
 tha 
as . Th

misut
d phas
, h
v
, is cmm ly us
d t mc th
dgmatic 
li
s  th


ligius (s

id
ism). This phas
is cmm ly sht

d t c
d uia
asudum, a d is als sm
tim
s 
d

d c
d uia impssiil

st (I 
li
v

it 
caus
it is impssil
) , as Dai us
d it i his autigaphy, c
d
uia i c
diil
.

c
scamus i Ill p
 m ia

May 
g i Him thugh all thi gs
Mtt  Ch
v
us High Schl.

c
scat sci
tia vita
xclatu

l
t  l
dg
g, l
t li


ich
d
Mtt  th
U iv
sity  Chicag.

c
sc
t
luc

Light
v
 i c
asi g
Mtt  Jam
s C U iv
sity.

c
scit cum cmm
ci civitas

Civilizati

psp
s ith cmm
c

Mtt  Cla
m t McK

a Cll
g
.

c
scit
u d
it gs as it g
s
Stat
mtt  N
 M
xic, adpt
d i

1887 as th
t
ity's mtt, a d 
pt i

1912 h
N
 M
xic 
c
iv
d stat
hd. Oigi ally m Luc
tius' D

um
atua  VI, h

it 

s i c t
xt t th
mti  a thu d
lt acss
th
sy, hich acui
s p
 a d mm
tum as it g
s.

cuci dum spi id

hil
I liv
, I tust i th
css, Whilst I tust i th
Css I hav
li

Mtt  th
Sist
s  L
t (IBVM) a d its assciat
d schls.

cucullus 

acit m achum

Th
hd d
s t ma
th
m 

William Sha
sp
a
, T
lth Night, Sc

I, Act V 4850

cui  
Gd  hm?
"Wh 

its?" A adag
i cimi al i v
stigati hich sugg
sts that
c sid
i g h uld 

it m a u 
lcm

v
t is li
ly t 
v
al h is


sp sil
 that
v
t (c. cui pd
st). Als th
mtt  th
Cim

Sy dicat
 Am
ica, a icti al sup
villai gup. Th
ppsit
is cui mal
(Bad  hm?).

cui pd
st

 hm it adva c
s

Sht  cui pd
st sc
lus is 
cit ( hm th
cim
adva c
s, h
has d

it) i S

ca's M
d
a. Thus, th
mud

 is t
th

h gai s y th

mud
 (c. cui  ).

cuiu
suum
t
ach his 

cuius
st slum
ius
st usu
ad c
lum
t ad i 
s

Whs
th
la d is, all th
ay t th
sy a d t th
u d
ld is his.
Fist ci
d y Accusius  Blg a i th
13th c
tuy. A Rma l
gal
pi cipl
 pp
ty la that is  l g
 s
v
d i mst situati s tday.
L
ss lit
ally, "F hs
v
  s th
sil, it is th
is up t th
sy a d
d t th
d
pths."

cuius 
gi,
ius 
ligi

hs

gi , his 
ligi

Th
pivil
g
 a ul
 t chs
th

ligi  his suj
cts. A 
gi al
pi c
's aility t chs
his p
pl
's 
ligi as
stalish
d at th
P
ac

Augsug i 1555.

cuiusvis hmi is
st
a
, ullius

isi i sipi
tis i

p
s
v
a
.

A y
ca
, ut  ly th
l p
sists i his ault

Cic
, Philippica XII, 5.

culpa

ault
Als "lam
"  "guilt". I la, a act 
gl
ct. I

ault. S

als m
a culpa.

cum gladiis
t ustius

ith sds a d clus

g

al, guilt, si ,  a

Fm th
Bil
. Occus i

Matth
 26:47 a d Lu
22:52.

cum gladi
t sal

ith sd a d salt

Mtt  a 
ll-paid sldi
. S

salay.

cum ga  salis

ith a gai  salt

Nt t 
ta

t s
iusly  as th
lit
al tuth.

cum hc
g ppt
 hc

ith this, th




accu t  this

Fallacy  assumi g that c
lati

impli
s causati .

cum laud

ith pais

Th
sta dad mula  acad
mic Lati h s i th
U it
d Stat
s. G
at

h s i clud
mag a cum laud
a d summa cum laud
.

cum mtuis i li gua mtua

ith th
d
ad i a d
ad la guag

Mv
m
t m Pictu
s at a Exhiiti

y Md
st Mussgsy

cum pivil
gi ad impim
dum slum

ith th

xclusiv
ight t pi t

Cpyight tic
us
d i 16th-c
tuy E gla d, us
d  cmic

ct i Th

Tami g  th
Sh
 y William Sha
sp
a

cu cti adsi t m
ita
u

xp
ct
t pa
mia palma

l
t all cm
h y m
it d
s
v
th
mst 
ad
Mtt  U iv
sity Cll
g
L d .

cupi disslvi
d
si
t 
disslv
d
Fm th
Bil
, lcuti

i dicati g a ill t d
ath ("I a t t di
").

cu D
us Hm

Why th
Gd-Ma
Th
u
sti attiut
d t A s
lm i his   y this am
, h

i h


l
cts  hy th
Chist  Chistia ity must 
th ully Divi
a d ully
Huma . Ot
ta slat
d "hy did Gd 
cm
Ma ?"

cua p
s alis

ca
 th
hl
p
s
Mtt  G
g
t

U iv
sity Schl  M
dici
a d U iv
sity  Sca t .

cua t
ipsum
ta
ca
 yu 

s
l

A
xhtati t physicia s, 
xp
ts i g

al, t d
al ith th
i 

pl
ms 

add
ssi g ths
 th
s.

cuiculum vita

cus
 li

A v
vi
  a p
s 's li
a d ualiicati s, simila t a sum.

custs mum



p
  mals
A c
s.

cyg is i sig is
disti guish
d y its sa s
Mtt  W
st


Austalia.

cyg us i t
 a at
s

sa am g ducs

[
dit] D

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

Da D
us tu a

Gd giv
happi
ss  Gd giv
luc
Taditi al Cz
ch 

s greeting.

Da mihi factum, dabo tibi ius

Give me the fact(s), I ll give you the law
also: Da mihi facta, dabo tibi ius; legal principle based on Roman law; parties
should present the facts of a case while the judge rules on the law. Related to
iura novit curia (the court knows the law).

damnant quod non intelligunt

They condemn what they do not understand
Used to describe ignorant people.

damnatio ad bestias
condemnation to [the] beasts
Colloquially "thrown to the lions".

damnatio memoriae
damnation of memory
A Roman custom in which disgraced Romans (particularly former Emperors) were
pretended to have never existed.

damnum absque injuria

damage without injury
A loss that results from no one s wrongdoing. In Roman law, a man is not
responsible for unintended, consequential injury to another resulting from a
lawful act. This protection does not necessarily apply to unintended damage by
negligence or folly.

dat deus incrementum

God grants the increase
Motto of Westminster School, a leading British independent school.

data venia
"with due respect" or "given the excuse"
Used before disagreeing with someone.

datum perficiemus munus

We shall accomplish the mission assigned
Motto of Batalho de Operaes Policiais Especiais (BOPE), the elite special
forces unit of the military police of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

de bene esse
as well done
A de bene esse deposition is used to preserve the testimony of a witness who is
expected not to be available to appear at trial and be cross-examined.

de bonis asportatis
carrying goods away
Trespass de bonis asportatis was the traditional name for larceny (wrongful
taking of chattels).

decessit sine prole

died without issue

Used in genealogical records, often in the abbreviated form dsp, to indicate a

person who died without having had any children

decessit vita patris

died in the lifetime of the father
Used in genealogical records, often in the abbreviated form dvp, to indicate a
person who predeceased his father

de dato
of the date
Used in the context of "As we agreed in the meeting d.d. 26th Mai 2006.

de facto
by deed
Said of something that is the actual state of affairs, in contrast to
something s legal or official standing, which is described as de jure. De facto
refers to the "way things really are" rather than what is "officially" presented
as the fact.

de fideli
with faithfulness
A clerk makes the declaration De fideli on when appointed, promising to do his
or her tasks faithfully as a servant of the court.

de futuro
regarding the future
Usually used in the context of "at a future time"

de gustibus non est disputandum

there is no disputing about tastes
Less literally "there s no accounting for taste". Likely of Scholastic origin
(see Wiktionary).

de integro
again, a second time

de jure
by law
"Official", in contrast with de facto. Analogous to "in principle", whereas de
facto is to "in practice". In other contexts, can mean "according to law", "by
right" or "legally". Also commonly written de iure, the classical form.

de lege ferenda
from law to be passed

de lege lata
"from law passed" or "by law in force"

de minimis non curat lex

The law does not bother with the smallest things.
The court does not want to bother with small, trivial things. A case must have
importance for the court to hear it. See "de minimis not curat praetor".

de minimis non curat praetor

The commander does not bother with the smallest things.
Also "The chief magistrate does not concern himself with trifles." Trivial
matters are no concern of a high official (cf. aquila non capit muscas, the
eagle does not catch flies). Sometimes rex (the king) or lex (the law) is used
in place of praetor, and de minimis is a legal term referring to things unworthy
of the law s attention.

de mortuis aut bene aut nihil

about the dead, either well or nothing
Less literally, "speak well of the dead or not at all" (cf. de mortuis nil nisi
bonum).

de mortuis nil nisi bonum

about the dead, nothing unless a good thing
From de mortuis nil nisi bonum dicendum est, "nothing must be said about the
dead except the good", attributed by Diogenes Lartius to Chilon. In legal
contexts, this quotation is used with the opposite meaning, as defaming a
deceased person is not a crime. In other contexts, it refers to taboos against
criticizing the recently deceased.

de nobis fabula narratur

about us is the story told
Thus, "their story is our story". Originally referred to the end of Rome s
dominance. Now often used when comparing any current situation to a past story
or historical event.

de novo
from the new
"Anew" or "afresh". In law, a trial de novo is a retrial. In biology, de novo
means newly synthesized, and a de novo mutation is a mutation that neither
parent possessed or transmitted. In economics, de novo refers to newly founded
companies, and de novo banks are state banks that have been in operation for
five years or less.

de omni re scibili et quibusdam aliis

about every knowable thing, and even certain other things
The 15th-century Italian scholar Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola wrote the De omni
re scibili portion (about every knowable thing), and a wag added et quibusdam
aliis (and even certain other things).

de omnibus dubitandum
be suspicious of everything, doubt everything
Karl Marx s favorite motto and a title of one of Sren Kierkegaard s works De
Omnibus Dubitandum Est

de oppresso liber
Free From Having Been Oppressed

Commonly mistranslated as "To Liberate the Oppressed". The motto of the United
States Army Special Forces.

de profundis
from the depths
Out of the depths of misery or dejection. From the Latin translation of Psalm
130.

de re
about the matter
In logic, de dicto statements (about the truth of a proposition) are
distinguished from de re statements (about the properties of a thing itself).

decus et tutamen
An ornament and a safeguard
Inscription on British one-pound coins. Originally on 17th-century coins, it
refers to the inscribed edge as a protection against the clipping of precious
metal. The phrase originally comes from Virgil s Aeneid.

defendit numerus
There is safety in numbers

defunctus vivente patre

("dvp") died with his father (still) living. See also vivente rege[12]
Used by genealogists to denote a son who has pre-deceased his father and not
lived long enough to inherit his father s title or estate. See also sine prole.

Dei Gratia Regina

By the Grace of God, Queen
Also Dei Gratia Rex (By the Grace of God, King). Abbreviated as D G REG
preceding Fidei Defensor (F D) on British pounds, and as D G Regina on Canadian
coins.

Dei sub numine viget

under God s Spirit she flourishes
Motto of Princeton University.

delectatio morosa
peevish delight
In Catholic theology, a pleasure taken in sinful thought or imagination, such as
brooding on sexual images. It is distinct from actual sexual desire, and
involves voluntary and complacent erotic fantasizing, without any attempt to
suppress such thoughts.

deliriant isti Romani

They are mad, those Romans!
A translation into Latin from Ren Goscinny s ils sont fous, ces romains!,
frequently issued by Obelix in the Asterix comics.

Deo ac veritati
For God and for truth
Motto of Colgate University.

Deo Confidimus
In God we trust
Motto of Somerset College.

Deo domuique
for God and for home
Motto of Methodist Ladies College, Melbourne.

Deo et patriae
for God and Country
Motto of Regis High School (New York City).

Deo gratias
thanks [be] to God
The semi-Hispanicized form Deogracias is a Philippine first name.

Deo juvante
with God s help
The motto of Monaco and its monarch which appears on the royal arms.

Deo Optimo Maximo (DOM)

To the Best and Greatest God
Derived from the Pagan Iupiter Optimo Maximo (To the best and greatest Jupiter).
Printed on bottles of Bndictine liqueur.

Deo vindice
with God as protector
Motto of the Confederate States of America. An alternate translation is "With an
avenging God".

Deo volente
God willing
This was often used in conjunction with a signature at the end of letters. It
was used in order to signify that "God willing" this letter will get to you
safely, "God willing" the contents of this letter come true. The motto of
Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. See also: Insha Allah.

descensus in cuniculi cavum

The descent into the cave of the rabbit
Down the Rabbit Hole (see: Alice s Adventures in Wonderland#Famous lines and
expressions.

Deus Caritas Est

God is Love

The first encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI; for other meanings, see Deus Caritas
Est (disambiguation)

deus ex machina
a god from a machine
From the Greek (ap mcha s th
s). A c tiv
d  atiicial
sluti , usually t a lit
ay plt. R

s t th
pactic
i G

 dama 
l
i g y ca
(th
m
cha ) a act playi g a gd  gdd
ss  t th
stag

t 
slv
a i sup
al
c lict i th
plt. Th
d
vic
is mst cmm ly
assciat
d ith Euipid
s.

D
us Lux M
a Est

Gd is my Light
Th
mtt  Th
Cathlic U iv
sity  Am
ica.

D
us m
umu
jus

Gd a d my ight
Th
pi cipal mtt  Scttish Rit
F

mas y; s

als Di
u
t m

dit.

d
us tisus
Gd at l
isu

D
us sp
s sta

Gd is u hp

Th
mtt  Si Thmas d
Bt
l
, u d
  Bt
l
 Gamma Schl Wai gt
i 1526

D
us vult
Gd ills it!
Th
pi cipal slga  th
Cusad
s.Mtt  B
g

dictatum
at (dict)

Cathlic High Schl, NJ

as p
viusly stat
d
R
c
t acad
mic sustituti  th
spacius a d i c v
i
t "As p
viusly
stat
d, ...". Lit
ally, has 

stat
d; als ta slat
d as "dicta pius"
(lit
ally, said p
viusly).

dict simplicit

[Fm] a maxim, simply
I.
. "Fm a ul
ithut
xc
pti ." Sht  a dict simplicit
, th
a t


i g dpp
d y c usi ith th
E glish i d
i it
aticl
. A dict
simplicit
 ccus h
a acc
ptal

xc
pti is ig 
d 
limi at
d. F
i sta c
, th
apppiat

ss  usi g piat
s is d
p
d
t  th
p
s
c


xt
m
pai . T justiy th

c
ati al us
 piat
s y 

i g t a
ca c
 pati
t  t justiy a
sti g said ca c
 pati
t y cmpai g him t
th

c
ati al us
 uld 
a dict simplicit
.

dictum actum

hat is said is d

dictum m
um pactum

my d [is] my  d
Mtt  th
L d

Stc Excha g

di
m p
didi
I hav
lst th
day
Fm th
Rma Emp
 Titus. Pass
d d i
Liv
s  th
T
lv
Ca
sas

Su
t ius's igaphy  him i

Di
s Ia

Day  Wath
R

s t th
Judgm
t Day i Chistia
schatlgy. Th
am
 a amus
13th-c
tuy M
di
val Lati hym y Tmmas da C
la , us
d i th
Mass  th

d
ad.

di
s 

juidicum

Day ithut judiciay

Days u d
 cmm la (taditi ally Su day) i hich  l
gal pc
ss ca 

s
v
d a d a y judgm
t is vid. This c c
pt as ist cdii
d y th
E glish
Paliam
t i th

ig  Chal
s II.

diig
I di
ct
I Classical Lati , "I aa g
". Stat
mtt  Mai
. Bas
d 
th
stat
 Mai
t th
sta Plais.

a cmpais 

dis alit
 visum

it s

m
d th
is
t th
gds
I th
 ds, th
gds hav
di

t pla s tha

mtals, a d s
v
ts d t

alays play ut as p
pl
ish th
m t.

dis ma ius sacum (D.M.S.)

Sac
d t th
ghst-gds
R

s t th
Ma
s, Rma spiits  th
d
ad. Ls
ly "T th
m
my ". A
c v
ti al i scipti p
c
di g th
am
 th
d
c
as
d  paga gav

mai gs, t
sht

d t dis ma ius (D.M.), " th
ghst-gds". P
c
d
d
i sm

ali
 m um
ts y hic situs
st (H. S. E.), "h
li
s h

".

disc
aut disc
d

L
a  D
pat
Mtt  Ryal Cll
g
Clm.

disc
uasi s
mp
 victuus viv
uasi cas mituus

L
a

as i alays gi g t liv
; liv
as i tm gi g t di
.

Attiut
d t St Edmu d  Ai gd .

disc
d discimus

hil
t
achi g 
l
a

disi
cta m
ma
scatt

d lims
That is, "scatt

d 
mai s". Paaphas
d m Hac
, Sati
s, I, 4, 62, h


it as itt
"disi
cti m
ma p
ta
" (lims  a scatt

d p
t). Als
itt
as disj
cta m
ma.

ditat D
us
Gd
ich
s
Stat
mtt  Aiz a, adpt
d i
ta slati  G

sis 14:23.

1911. Paly d
iv
d m th
Vulgat
's

divid

t imp
a
divid
a d ul

A Rma maxim adpt
d y Julius Ca
sa, Luis XI a d Machiav
lli. Cmm ly

d

d "divid
a d c u
".

dixi
I hav
sp

A ppula
lu
t
xp
ssi , usually us
d i th

d  a sp

ch. Th
impli
d
m
a i g is: "I hav
said all that I had t say a d thus th
agum
t is
s
ttl
d".

["...", ...] dixit

["...", ...] said
Us
d t attiut
a stat
m
t  pi i

t its auth, ath
 tha th
sp
a
.

d ut d
s
I giv
that yu may giv

Ot
said  itt

ac m th
gds.

 saciic
s, h

"giv
s" a d
xp
cts sm
thi g

dc
d discitu
It is l
a
d y t
achi g

Als ta slat
d "O
l
a s y t
achi g." Attiut
d t S

ca th
Yu g
.

dc
d disc, sci
d cgit

I l
a

y t
achi g, thi  y iti g.

dlus sp
cialis
sp
cial i t
t
"Th
... c c
pt is paticula t a 
 civil la syst
ms a d ca t s

pi gly


uat
d ith th
ti s  sp
cial or s
eifi i te t i ommo lw
systems. Of ourse, t e sme mig t eqully be sid of t e o e
t of s
eifi
i te t,  otio used i t e ommo lw lmost exlusively wit i t e o text
of t e defe se of volu try i toxitio ."Ge oide s olr Willim S bs[13]

Domi e dirige os
Lord guide us
Motto of t e City of Lo do

Domi us Illumi tio Me

t e Lord is my lig t
Motto of t e U iversity of Oxford.

Domi us fortitudo ostr

T e Lord is our Stre gt
Motto of t e Sout l d College, P ili

i es

Domi us vobisum
Lord be wit you
P rse used duri g  d t t e e d of Ct oli sermo s,  d  ge erl greeti g
form mo g  d towrds members of Ct oli org iztio s, su s
riests  d
u s. See lso
x vobisum.

do 

obis
em

give us
ee

Ofte set to musi, eit er by itself or s

rt of t e Ag us Dei
ryer of t e
Mss. Also  e di g i t e video gme Hu ti g Grou d.

do tio mortis us
givi g i ex
ettio of det
A legl o e
t w ere 
erso i immi e t mortl d ger eed ot meet t e
requisite o sidertio to rete or modify  will.

dro dormie s u qum titill dus

 slee
i g drgo is ever to be tikled
Motto of t e fitio l Hogwrts s ool i t e Hrry Potter series; tr slted
more loosely i t e books s " ever tikle  slee
i g drgo ".

drmtis
erso
t e
rts of t e
ly
More literlly, "t e msks of t e drm"; more figurtively, "st of
 rters". T e  rters re
rese ted i  drmti work.

due tbule rse i quibus i il sri
tum est
Two bl k sltes wit

ot i g writte u
o

t em

St Lurel, i sri
tio for t e f lub logo of T e So s of t e Desert.

duimus
We led
Motto of t e Royl C di

I f try Cor
s.

Duit mor
trie
Love of ou try leds me
Motto of t e 51st Bttlio , Fr Nort Quee sl d Regime t.

duu t vole tem ft, ole tem tr u t

T e ftes led t e willi g  d drg t e u willi g

Attributed to Luius A

eus Se e.

dutus exem
lo
leders i
by exm
le
T is is t e motto for t e U ited Sttes Mri e Cor
s Offier C didtes S ool
loted t Mri e Cor
s Bse Qu tio; Qu tio, Virgi i.

dule bellum i ex
ertis
wr is sweet to t e i ex
erie ed
Wr my seem
les t to t ose w o ve ever bee i volved i it, t oug t e
more ex
erie ed k ow better. A
rse from Ersmus i t e 16t e tury.

dule et deorum est

ro
tri mori
It is sweet  d o orble to die for t e ft erl d.
From Hore, Odes III, 2, 13. Used by Wilfred Owe

for t e title of 
oem bout

World Wr I, Dule et Deorum est.

dule et utile

 sweet  d useful t i g
Hore wrote i is Ars Poeti t t
oetry must be dule et utile (
les t  d

rofitble), bot e joyble  d i strutive.

dule
eriulum
d ger is sweet
Hore, Odes III, 25, 16. Motto of t e Sottis l MAuly.

dulius ex s
eris
sweeter fter diffiulties
Motto of t e Sottis l Fergusso .[14]

dum Rom delibert Sgu tum

erit

w ile Rome debtes, Sgu tum is i d ger

Used w e

someo e s bee sked for urge t el

, but res
o ds wit

tio . Similr to H
d ger.

o immedite

ibl  te
orts, but referri g to  less
erso l

dum s
iro s
ero
w ile I bret e, I o
e
Stte motto of Sout Croli . From Ciero.

dum vit est, s

es est
w ile t ere is life, t ere is o
e

dum vivimus servimus

W ile we live, we serve
motto of Presbyteri

College.

dum vivimus, vivmus

W ile we live, let us live!
A e ourgeme t to embre life. Motto i sribed o t e sword of t e mi
 rter i t e ovel Glory Rod.

dur lex sed lex

[t e] lw [is] rs , but [it is t e] lw

dur mter
toug mot er
outer overi g of t e bri

dur te mu ere
w ile i offie

For exm
le, t e Gover or Ge erl of C d is dur te mu ere t e C  ellor  d
Pri i
l Com
 io of t e Order of C d.

dux bellorum
wr leder

[edit] E

Lti
Tr sltio
Notes

e
luribus u um
out of m y, o e
Former de fto motto of t e U ited Sttes of Ameri. Used o m y U.S. oi s
 d i sribed o t e C
itol. Also used s t e motto of S.L. Be fi. Less
ommo ly writte s ex
luribus u um.

Ee Homo
Be old t e M
From t e Lti Vulgte Gos
el ordi g to St. Jo (XIX.v) (19.5,
Douy-R eims), w ere Po tius Pilte s
eks t ese words s e
rese ts C rist,
row ed wit t or s, to t e rowd. It is lso t e title of Nietzs e s
utobiogr
y  d of t e t eme musi by Howrd Goodll for t e ITV omedy Mr.
Be , i w i t e full su g lyri is Ee omo qui est fb ("Be old t e m
w o is  be ").

ee
 is  gelorum
be old t e bred of  gels
A
rse osio lly i sribed er t e ltr i Ct oli  ur es; it mkes
refere e to t e Host; t e Eu rist; t e bred of Heve ; t e Body of C rist.
See lso: P is A gelius.

editio
ri e
s
first editio
T e first
ri ted editio of  work.

ego o
ot I
s ort for "Eve if ll ot ers... I will

ot."

ego te bsolvo
I bsolve you
Prt of t e bsolutio -formul s
oke
Pe  e (f. bsolvo).

by 
riest s
rt of t e srme t of

ego te
rovoo
I
rovoke you
Used s   lle ge, "I dre you".

e eu fuges lbu tur 

Als, t e fleeti g yers sli
by
From Hore s Odes II, 14.

emeritus
veter
Also "wor -out". Retired from offie. Ofte used to de ote 
ositio eld t
t e
oi t of retireme t, s  o or, su s
rofessor emeritus or
rovost
emeritus. T is does ot eessrily me t t t e o oree is o lo ger tive.

e s us sui
existi g beuse of o eself
Or "bei g o e s ow use". Trditio lly,  bei g t t owes its existe e to o
ot er bei g, e e God or  Su
reme Bei g (f. Primum Mobile).

e se
etit
lidm sub libertte quietem
by t e sword s e seeks  sere e re
ose u der liberty
Stte motto of Mss usetts, do
ted i

e ti

su t multi
li d
reter

1775.

eessittem

e tities must ot be multi

lied beyo d eessity
Om s Rzor or lw of
rsimo y; t t is, t t rgume ts w i do ot
i trodue extr eous vribles re to be
referred i logil rgume ttio .

e tits i
s i volvit 
titudi em d extorque dum ertum sse sum
relity i volves 
ower to om
el sure sse t
A
rse used i moder

Wester

iloso
y o t e ture of trut .

eo i
so
by t t very (t)
Te il term used i
iloso
y  d t e lw. Similr to i
so fto. Exm
le:
"T e ft t t I m does ot eo i
so me t t I t i k." From Lti eo i
so,
bltive form of id i
sum, "t t (t i g) itself".

eo

omi e

by t t me

equo

e redite

do ot trust t e orse
Virgil, Ae eid, II. 4849 (Lti )

erg om es
i reltio to everyo e

ergo

t erefore
De otes  logil o lusio

(f. ogito ergo sum).

errre um um est
to err is um
From Augusti e of Hi

o, Sermo es (164, 14): "Hum um fuit errre, dibolium

est
er  imosittem i errore m ere."[15]

errtum
error
Or "mistke". Lists of errors i 
revious editio
wit t e
lurl, errt ("errors").

err tis volu ts

of  work re ofte mrked

ull est

t e will of  mistke

rty is void

Rom legl
ri i
le formulted by Pom
o ius i t e Digest of t e Cor
us Juris
Civilis, stti g t t legl tio s u dertke by m u der t e i flue e of
error re i effetive.

eruditio et religio
s olrs i
 d religio
Motto of Duke U iversity

esse est
eri
i
to be is to be
ereived
George Berkeley s motto for is idelist
iloso
il
ositio t t ot i g
exists i de
e de tly of its
ere
tio by  mi d exe
t mi ds t emselves.

esse qum videri
to be, rt er t  to seem
Truly bei g somet i g, rt er t  merely seemi g to be somet i g. Motto of m y
i stitutio s. From  
ter 26 of Ciero s De miiti ( O

Frie ds i
). Erlier

t  Ciero, t e
rse d bee

used by Sllust i is Bellum Ctili e (54.6),

w ere e wrote t t Cto esse qum videri bo us mlebt (" e

referred to be
good, rt er t  to seem so"). Erlier still, Aes ylus used  similr
rse
i Seve Agi st T ebes, li e 592, ou gr dokei ristos, ll e i t elei; " e
wis es ot to seem t e best, but to be t e best". Stte motto of Nort Croli .

est modo i rebus

t ere is mesure i t i gs
t ere is  middle grou d i

t i gs, t ere is  middle wy; from Hore s Stires

1.1.106; see lso: Golde me

(
iloso
y).

esto
er
etu
my it be
er
etul
Sid of Ve ie by t e Ve eti istori Fr Polo Sr
i s ortly before is
det . Also t e stte motto of Id o, do
ted i 1867,  d of S. T oms
College, Mou t Lvi i, Sri L k. It is lso used s t e o
e motto of Sigm
P i Soiety,  ollegite Greek Letter Frter ity.

esto quod es
be w t you re
Motto of Wells Ct edrl S ool.

et libi (et l.)

 d elsew ere
A less ommo vri t o
de ote u listed
les.

et eter used t t e e d of  list of lotio s to

et lii (et l.)

 d ot ers
Used similrly to et eter (" d t e rest"), to st d for  list of mes. Alii
is tully msuli e, so it  be used for me , or grou
s of me  d wome ;
t e femi i e, et lie (or et li), is 

ro
rite w e t e "ot ers" re ll
femle. Et li is euter
lurl  d t us
ro
erly used o ly for i  imte,
ge derless objets, but some use it s  ge der- eutrl lter tive.[16] APA
style uses et l. if t e work ited ws writte by more t  six ut ors; MLA
style uses et l. for more t  t ree ut ors.

et eter (et.) or (&.)

A d t e rest
I moder usge, used to me

" d so o " or " d more".

et ft est lux
A d lig t me to be or ws mde
From Ge esis 1:3 " d t ere ws lig t". Motto of More ouse College i Atl t,
Georgi.

et o ge us om e
A d ll t t sort of t i g
Abbrevited to e. .g.o. or e go

et i

Ardi ego

 d i Ardi [m] I
I ot er words, "I, too, m i Ardi". See meme to mori.

et lux i te ebris luet
A d lig t s i es i

t e drk ess

See lso Lux i Te ebris; motto for t e Po tifii U iversidd Ctli del
Per.

et u  reges i telligite erudimi i qui juditis terrm

A d ow, O ye ki gs, u derst d: reeive i strutio , you t t judge t e ert .
From t e Book of Pslms, II.x. (Vulgte), 2.10 (Douy-R eims).

et seque tes (et seq.)

 d t e followi g (ms./fem.
lurl)
Also et seque ti (  d t e followi g t i gs : eut.), bbrevitio s: et seqq.,
et seq.., or sqq.

et s
iritu um tuo
A d wit your s
irit

et su

ositio il
o it i esse

 d  su

ositio

uts ot i g i bei g

More ty
illy tr slted s "Syi it do t mke it so".

et tu, Brute?
A d you, Brutus?
Also "Eve you, Brutus?" or "You too, Brutus?" Used to i dite  betryl by
someo e lose. From S kes
ere s Julius Cesr, bsed o t e trditio l dyi g
words of Julius Cesr. However, t ese were lmost erti ly ot Cesr s true
lst words; Plutr quotes Cesr s syi g, i Greek, t e l guge of Rome s
elite t t e time, ; (Ka    ?), i E glih "Yu , (my)
child?", qui g frm Me a der.

e uxr (e ux.)

a d wife
A legal erm.

e vir
a d huba d
A legal erm.

Eiami m e, eg 

Eve if all her... I will 
Peer  Jeu Chri (Mahew 26:33)

ex abu da i cauela

u f a abu da ce f caui

I law, decribe me e ai g precaui  agai  a very reme c i ge cy.
"O e migh wear a bel i addii  brace ex abu da i cauela" [17]. I
ba i g, a la i which he cllaeral i mre ha he la ielf. Al he

bai fr he erm "a abu da ce f caui " emplyed by U ied Sae Preide 
Barac Obama  explai why hi ah f ffice had  be re-admi iered by he
Chief Juice f he Supreme Cur Jh Rber a d agai i refere ce 
errri hrea.

ex abu da ia e im crdi  lquiur

Fr u f he abu da ce f he hear he muh peaeh.
Frm he Gpel accrdi g  S. Mahew, XII.xxxiv (Vulgae), 12.34
(Duay-Rheim) a d he Gpel accrdi g  S. Lue, VI.xlv (Vulgae), 6.45
(Duay-Rheim). Smeime re dered wihu e im ('fr').

ex aequ
frm he equal
"O equal fi g", i.e., "i a ie". Ued fr he w (eldm mre)
paricipa  f a cmpeii , ha hwed exacly he ame perfrma ce.

ex Africa emper aliquid vi

Alway mehi g ew frm Africa (lierally mehi g f

ew)

Pli y he Elder, Naurali Hiria, VIII/42: u de eiam vulgare Graeciae dicum

emper aliquid vi Africam adferre.[18]

ex a im
frm he hear
Thu, "i cerely".

ex a e
frm befre
"Befreha d", "befre he eve ". Baed 

prir aumpi . A freca.

ex ari cie ia

Frm he Sar, K wledge
The m f he fici al Sarflee Academy  Sar Tre. Adaped frm ex lu a
cie ia, which i ur wa mdeled afer ex cie ia ride .

ex cahedra
frm he chair
A phrae applied  he declarai  r prmulgai  f he Ppe whe , i
cmmu i wih he cllege f cardi al, preerved frm he pibiliy f errr
by he aci f he Hly Spiri (ee Papal i fallibiliy), he lem ly declare

r prmulgae ("frm he chair" ha wa he a cie  ymbl f he eacher a d
f he gver r, i hi cae f he church) a dgmaic eachi g  faih r
mral a bei g c ai ed i divi e revelai , r a lea bei g i imaely
c eced  divi e revelai . Ued, by exe i , f a y e wh i perceived
a peai g a hugh wih upreme auhriy.

ex culu rbur
frm culure [cme] re gh
The m f Cra leigh Schl, Surrey.

ex De
frm Gd

ex dl mal
frm fraud
"Frm harmful decei"; dlu malu i he Lai
legal phrae i ex dl mal 
fraud"). Whe a aci ha i
uppred; hu, a cur f law
aci  a immral r illegal

legal erm fr "fraud". The full

riur aci ("a aci de  arie frm

rigi i fraud r decei, i ca  be
will  ai a ma wh bae hi cure f
ac.

ex facie
frm he face
Idimaically re dered " he face f i". A legal erm ypically ued  e
ha a dcume ' explici erm are defecive wihu furher i veigai .

ex fide fiducia
frm faih [cme] c fide ce

A m f S Gerge' Cllege, Harare.

ex fide fri
frm faih [cme] re gh
A m f Lyla Schl (New Yr Ciy).

ex gla de quercu
frm acr  a
The m f he Mu icipal Brugh f Suhgae, L d .

ex graia
frm i d e
Mre lierally "frm grace". Refer  me e vlu arily perfrmi g a ac
purely u f i d e, a pped  fr per al gai r frm bei g frced 
d i. I law, a ex graia payme  i  e made wihu recg izi g a y
liabiliy r legal bligai .

ex hyphei
frm he hyphei
Thu, "by hyphei".

ex i fra (e.i.) cf. ex upra

"frm belw"
Rece  academic ai

fr "frm belw i hi wrii g"

ex juva ibu
frm ha which help
The medical pifall i which rep e  a herapeuic regime ubiue
prper diag i.

ex lege
frm he law

ex libri
frm he b
Precede a per '
bplae.

ame, wih he mea i g f "frm he library f..."; al a

ex lu a cie ia
frm he m ,  wledge
The m f he Apll 13 m mii , derived frm ex cie ia ride , he
m f Jim Lvell' Alma Maer, he U ied Sae Naval Academy.

ex mal b um
gd u f evil
Frm S. Augui e' "Serm LXI" where he c radic Se eca' dicum i
Epiulae 87:22: b um ex mal  fi (gd de  cme frm evil). Al he
alia f he A berli  g, "Mierabile Viu" frm heir album New Surre der.

ex mea e e ia
i my pi i

ex mer mu

u f mere impule, r f  e' w accrd.

ex ihil

ihil fi

hi g cme frm hi g

Frm Lucreiu, a d aid earlier by Empedcle. I rigi al mea i g i "wr i
required  ucceed", bu i mder mea i g i a mre ge eral "everyhi g ha
i rigi  i mehi g" (cf. caualiy). I i cmm ly applied  he
c ervai law i philphy a d mder cie ce. Ex ihil fe ued i
c ju ci wih he erm creai , a i creai ex ihil, mea i g "creai
u f hi g". I i fe ued i philphy r helgy i c eci wih
he prpii ha Gd creaed he u ivere frm hi g. I i al me i ed
i he fi al ad-lib f he M y Pyh  g Alway L  he Brigh Side f
Life.

ex v
frm ew
Said f mehi g ha ha bee buil frm crach.

Ex Oblivi e
frm blivi
The ile f a hr ry by H. P. Lvecraf.

ex ffici
frm he ffice
By virue f ffice r pii ; "by righ f ffice". Ofe ued whe me e
hld  e pii by virue f hldi g a her: fr example, he Preide  f
Fra ce i a ex ffici C-Pri ce f A drra. A cmm mic cepi i ha all
ex ffici member f a cmmiee r c gre may  ve hi may be
cae, bu i i  guara eed by ha ile. I legal erm, ex ffici
 a admi iraive r judicial ffice ai g aci f i w accrd,
example  i validae a pae  r precue cpyrigh i fri ger.

he
refer
fr

ex pere pera i

frm he wr f he  e wri g
A helgical phrae c raed wih ex pere pera, referri g  he i
ha he validiy r prmied be efi f a acrame  depe d  he per
admi ieri g i.

ex pere pera
frm he wr wred
A helgical phrae mea i g ha he ac f receivi g a acrame  acually
c fer he prmied be efi, uch a a bapim acually a d lierally clea i g

 e' i . The Cahlic Church affirm ha he urce f grace i Gd, 
ju he aci  r dipii f he mi ier r he recipie  f he
acrame .

ex rie e lux
ligh frm he ea

Origi ally refer  he u rii g i he ea, bu allude  culure cmi g
frm he Eaer wrld. M f everal i iui .

ex pare
frm a par
A legal erm mea i g "by  e pary" r "fr  e pary". Thu, 
ide r pary  ly.

behalf f  e

ex pede Herculem
frm Hercule' f
Frm he meaure f Hercule' f yu hall  w hi ize; frm a par, he
whle.

ex p
frm afer
"Aferward", "afer he eve ". Baed   wledge f he pa. Meaure f pa
perfrma ce.

ex p fac
frm a hi g d e aferward
Said f a law wih reracive effec.

ex prfe
frm  e declari g [a ar r cie ce]
Or 'wih due cmpee ce'. Said f he per
cie ce.

wh perfecly  w hi ar r

ex cie ia ride 

frm  wledge, ea pwer.
The U ied Sae Naval Academy m. Refer   wledge bri gi g me pwer
ver he ea cmparable  ha f he ride -beari g Gree gd Peid .

ex cie ia vera

frm  wledge, ruh

The m f he Cllege f Graduae Sudie a Middle Te eee Sae
U iveriy.

ex ile i
frm ile ce
I ge eral, he claim ha he abe ce f mehi g dem rae he prf f a
prpii . A argume um ex ile i ("argume  frm ile ce") i a argume 
baed  he aumpi ha me e' ile ce  a maer ugge ("prve"
whe a lgical fallacy) ha per ' ig ra ce f he maer r heir i abiliy

 cu erargue validly.

ex iu

u f pii
ppie f "i iu"

ex upra (e..) cf. ex i fra

"frm abve"
Rece  academic ai

fr "frm abve i hi wrii g".

ex empre
frm [hi mme  f] ime
"Thi i a ", "righ away" r "immediaely". Al wrie

exempre.

Ex urpi caua  riur aci

Frm a dih rable caue a aci

de  arie

A legal dcri e which ae ha a claima  will be u able  purue a caue
f aci , if i arie i c eci wih hi w illegal ac. Paricularly
releva  i he law f c rac, r a d ru.

ex umbra i lem
frm he hadw i  he ligh
M f Federic Sa a Mara Tech ical U iveriy.

ex u iae vire
u i

i re gh, r u iy i re gh

Frmer m f Suh Africa.

ex vi ermi i
frm he frce f he erm
Thu, "by defi ii ".

ex viv

u f r frm life

Ued i refere ce  he udy r aay f livi g iue i a arificial
e vir me  uide he livi g rga im.

ex v
frm he vw
Thu, i accrda ce wih a prmie. A ex v i al a fferi g made i
fulfillme  f a vw.

ex vulgu cie ia

frm crwd,  wledge
ued  decribe cial cmpui g, The Widm f Crwd

excelir
higher
"Ever upward!" The ae m f New Yr. Al a cach phrae ued by Marvel
Cmic head Sa Lee.

excepi firma (r prba) regulam i caibu 

The excepi

c firm he rule i

excepi

cae which are  exceped

A juridical pri ciple which mea  ha he aeme  f a rule' excepi
(e.g., "  pari g  Su day") implicily c firm he rule (i.e., ha pari g

i allwed M day hrugh Saurday). Ofe mira laed a "he excepi ha
prve he rule".

excuai 

peia accuai ma ifea

a excue ha ha  bee ugh [i] a bviu accuai

Mre lely, "he wh excue himelf, accue himelf"a u prved excue i
a ig f guil. I Fre ch, qui 'excue, 'accue.

exea
may he/he leave
A frmal leave f abe ce.

exempli graia (e.g.)

fr he ae f example
Uually hre ed i E glih  "fr example" (ee ciai ig al). Ofe
c fued wih id e (i.e.).[19]
Exempli graia, "fr example", i cmm ly abbreviaed "e.g."; i hi uage i
i meime fllwed by a cmma, depe di g 

yle.[20]

exerciu i e duce crpu e i e piriu

a army wihu a leader i a bdy wihu a piri
O a plaque a he frmer miliary aff buildi g f he Swedih Armed Frce.

exeu 

hey leave
Third-per plural pree  acive i dicaive f he Lai
exe ded  exeu  m e, "all leave"; i gular: exi.

verb exire; al

experie ia dce

experie ce eache
Thi erm ha bee ued i dermapahlgy  expre ha here i 
ubiue fr experie ce i deali g wih all he umeru variai  ha may
ccur wih i c dii .[21] The erm ha al bee ued i
gare erlgy.[22]

experime um cruci

experime  f he cr
Or "crucial experime ". A deciive e f a cie ific hery.

exper crede

ru he exper

Lierally "believe  e wh ha had experie ce". A auhr' aide  he reader.

exprei u iu e exclui aleriu

he exprei

f he  e i he exclui f he her

"Me i i g  e hi g may exclude a her hi g". A pri ciple f legal aury
i erpreai : he explici pree ce f a hi g implie i e i  exclude
her; e.g., a refere ce i he Pr Relief Ac 1601  "la d, hue, ihe
a d cal mi e" wa held  exclude mi e her ha cal mi e. Smeime
expreed a expreum faci ceare acium (bradly, "he exprei f  e
hi g exclude he implicai f mehi g ele").

exra dmum
[placed] uide f he hue
Refer  a pible reul f Cahlic eccleiaical legal prceedi g whe
he culpri i remved frm bei g par f a grup lie a m aery.

exra Eccleiam ulla alu

uide he Church [here i]  alvai

Thi exprei cme frm he wrii g f Sai  Cypria f Carhage, a bihp
f he hird ce ury. I i fe ued  ummarie he dcri e ha he
Cahlic Church i abluely eceary fr alvai .

exra m e

uide, all [f yu]

I i iued by he Maer f he Papal Liurgical Celebrai  befre a ei

f he Papal c clave which will elec a ew Ppe. Whe pe , all he wh
are  Cardi al, r he herwie ma daed  be pree  a he C clave,

mu leave he Sii e Chapel.

exra erririum ju dice i impu e 

pareur

he wh admi ier juice uide f hi erriry i dibeyed wih impu iy
Refer  exraerririal juridici . Ofe cied i law f he ea cae 
he high ea.
[edi] F

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

faber e uae quique fru ae

every ma i he aria f hi w

fru e

Appiu Claudiu Caecu. M f Fr Sree High Schl i

Auralia.

Peerham, Syd ey,

fac fria e paere

d brave deed a d e dure
M f Pri ce Alfred Cllege i Adelaide, Auralia.

fac imile
mae a imilar hi g
Origi f he wrd facimile, a d, hrugh i, f fax.

faciam u mei memi eri

I'll mae yu remember me
frm Plauu, Pera IV.324; ued by Ruia hliga  a a i cripi .

facile pri cep

eaily he fir

Said f he ac wledged leader i me field, epecially i he ar a d
huma iie.

faci liber ex liberi libri libraque

"I mae free adul u f childre
M f S. Jh ' Cllege i

faca, 

by mea  f b a d a bala ce."

A apli, Maryla d, a d Sa a Fe, New Mexic

verba

deed,  wrd
Freque ly ued a m.

falu i u , falu i m ibu

fale i  e, fale i

all

A Rma legal pri ciple i dicai g ha a wi e wh willfully falifie  e
maer i  credible  a y maer. The u derlyi g mive fr ar ey 
impeach ppi g wi ee i cur: he pri ciple dicredi he re f heir
eim y if i i wihu crrbrai .

feci qud pui, facia  melira pe e

I have d e wha I culd; le he wh ca

d beer.

frm He ry Baerlei ' i rduci  hi ra lai f The Diwa f Abul Ala
by Abul Ala Al-Maarri (9731057);[23] al i A  Chehv' Three Sier,
ac I.

NN feci
NN made (hi)
a frmula ued radii ally i he auhr' ig aure by pai er, culpr,
aria , cribe ec. Cmpare pi xi.

fecii pariam diveri de ge ibu u am

"Frm differi g peple yu have made  e aive la d"
Vere 63 frm he pem De rediu u by Ruiliu Claudiu Namaia u praii g
emperr Auguu.[24]

felix culpa
fru ae faul
frm "Exule" f he Cahlic liurgy

felix qui pui rerum cg cere caua

happy i he wh ca dicver he caue f hi g
Virgil. "Rerum cg cere caua" i he m f he L d

Schl f Ec mic

a d he U iveriy f Sheffield.

fel de e
fel

frm himelf

A archaic legal erm fr  e wh cmmi uicide, referri g  early E glih
cmm law pu ihme , uch a la d eizure, i fliced  he wh illed
hemelve.

fere libe er hmi e id qud vlu  credu 

me ge erally believe wha hey wa  
Peple' belief are haped largely by heir deire. Juliu Caear, The Gallic
War 3.18

fei a le e
hurry lwly
A xymr ic m f Auguu. I e curage prceedi g quicly, bu wih calm
a d caui . Equivale   'Mre hae, le peed'. M f The Madeira
Schl, McLea , Virgi ia.

fei are ce, ce e cu cai aepe; empre quaeque u qui faci, ille
api.
i i bad  hurry, a d delay i fe a bad; he wie per
de everyhi g i i prper ime.
Ovid[25]

fia iuiia e perea mu du

i he  e wh

le juice be d e, hugh he wrld hall perih

M f Ferdi a d I, Hly Rma Emperr.

fia juiia rua caelum

le juice be d e huld he y fall
Aribued  Luciu Calpur iu Pi Cae i u.

fia lux
le ligh be made
Le lierally, "le ligh arie" r "le here be ligh" (cf. lux i). Frm
he Lai ra lai f Ge ei, "dixique Deu fia lux e faca e lux"
("a d Gd aid, 'Le ligh be made', a d ligh wa made."); freque ly ued a
m fr educai al i iui .

fia pa i
le here be bread
M f Fd a d Agriculure Orga izai

(FAO)

fia vlu a Dei

May Gd' will be d e
The m f Rber May' Schl

fia vlu a ua

Thy will be d e
The m f Archbihp Richard Smih f he Rma Cahlic Archdicee f
Edm  .

fica vlupai caua i  prxima veri

fici  mea   pleae huld apprximae he ruh
Hrace Ar Peica (338), advice preumably dicu ed by he magical reali

Fidei Defe r (Fid Def) r (fd)

Defe der f he Faih

A ile give  He ry VIII f E gla d by Ppe Le X  Ocber 17, 1521 befre
He ry became a hereiarch. Sill ued by he Briih m arch, i appear  all
Briih ci , uually abbreviaed.

fidem ci
He  w he faih
Smeime mira laed  "Keep he faih", whe ued i c emprary
E glih-la guage wrii g f all i d  c vey a ligh-heared wih fr he
reader' well-bei g.

fide qua crediur

he faih by which i i believed

he per al faih which apprehe d, c raed wih fide quae crediur

fide quae crediur

he faih which i believed

he c e  f "he faih," c raed wih fide qua crediur

fide quaere  i ellecum

faih eei g u dera di g

he m f Sai  A elm, fu d i hi Prlgi

fidu Achae
faihful Achae
A faihful frie d. Frm he
Ae eid.

ame f Ae ea' faihful cmpa i

filae rae icv a gvli i cii imilivdi e empli

may ur daugher be a plihed a he cr er' f he emple
M f Fra ci Hlla d Schl

i Virgil'

fi i cr a pu

he e d crw  he wr

he e d juifie he mea .

fi i viae ed 

amri

he e d f life, bu  f lve

flagellum dei

curge f gd
referred  Aila he Hu , whe he led hi armie  i vade he Weer Rma
Empire.

flecere i eque uper, Acher a mveb

if I ca  mve heave I will raie hell
Virgil' Ae eid, b VII.312

flrea e a
may E

flurih

M f E

Cllege

flrea ra chla

may ur chl flurih
Cmm

chl m

flrui (fl.)

 e flurihed
I dicae he perid whe a hirical figure whe birh a d deah dae are
u  w wa m acive.

flucua

ec mergiur

he waver a d i  immered

M f Pari

f  e rig

he pri g a d urce

"The fu ai head a d begi i g". The urce a d rigi .

f  apie iae, verbum Dei

he fu  f  wledge i he wrd f Gd.

The m f Bihp Bla che High Schl.

fra e haec lim memi ie iuvabi

perhap eve hee hi g will be gd  remember  e day
Frm Virgil' Ae eid, b I, li e 203.

fre fru a adiuva

Fru e favur he bld
The m f he 3rd Mari e Regime 

fre i fide

r g i faih
Freque ly ued a m.

fri cadere, cedere 

pe

The brave may fall, bu ca  yield

M f Fah ec Family Arm.

fri e veria

ruh i r g
M  he ca f arm f Oxfrd, E gla d.

fri e liber

r g a d free
M f Albera

fri i ardui

r g i difficulie
M f Mu icipal Brugh f Middle

frm he Earl f Middle .

frier e fidelier
bravely a d faihfully
Freque ly ued a m.

fru ae meae, mulrum faber

aria f my fae a d ha f everal her
M f Gai eau.

fui qud e, eri qud um

I  ce wa wha yu are, yu will be wha I am
A Epiaph, made  remi d he reader f he i eviabiliy f deah, ayi g
"O ce I wa alive lie yu are, a d yu will be dead a I am w." A believed,
i wa carved  a grave e f me Rma miliary fficer.

fumu b i iuri
preumpi f ufficie  legal bai

fu dame a i c cua
u haable fu dai

[edi] G

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

gaudeamu hdie
le u rejice day

gaudeamu igiur

herefre le u rejice

Fir wrd f a famu academic a hem ued, am g her place, i

The Sude 

Pri ce.

gaudee i dmi 
rejice i he Lrd
M f Bihp Alle Academy

gaudium i

veriae

jy i ruh
M f Campi

Schl

ge eralia pecialibu

derga 

ge eral prvii  e aced i laer legilai

prvii  e aced i earlier legilai

d  derac frm pecific

A pri ciple f aury i erpreai : If a maer fall u der a pecific

prvii i a aue e aced befre a ge eral prvii e aced i a laer
aue, i i  be preumed ha he legilaure did  i e d ha he
earlier pecific prvii be repealed, a d he maer i gver ed by he
earlier pecific prvii ,  he mre rece  ge eral  e.

ge iu lci

piri f place
The u ique, dii cive apec r amphere f a place, uch a he

celebraed i ar, rie, fl ale, a d feival. Origi ally, he ge iu
lci wa lierally he precive piri f a place, a creaure uually depiced
a a  ae.

ge eraim dicie culu

Lear each field f udy accrdi g  i i d. (Virgil, Gergic II.)
M f he U iveriy f Bah.

gea 

verba

deed,  wrd
M f Jame Rue Agriculural High Schl.

Glria i exceli De

Glry  Gd i he Highe
Ofe ra laed "Glry  Gd  High". The ile a d begi i g f a a cie 
Rma Cahlic dxlgy, he Greaer Dxlgy. See al ad mairem Dei glriam.

glria filirum pare

The glry f   i heir faher (Prverb17:6)
M f Elham Cllege

Glria Pari
Glry  he Faher
The begi i g f he Leer Dxlgy.

glriu e liber
glriu a d free
M f Ma iba

gradaim fercier
by degree, ferciuly

M f privae pacefligh cmpa y Blue Origi

gradibu ace dimu

ace di g by degree
M f Grey Cllege, Durham

Graecia capa ferum vicrem cepi

C quered Greece i ur defeaed i avage c querr
Hrace Epile 2.1

Graecum e; 

legiur

I i Gree (a d herefre) i ca  be read.

M cmm ly frm William Shaepeare, The Tragedy f Juliu Caear where Caca
culd ' explai  Caiu wha Cicer wa ayi g becaue he wa peai g
Gree. The mre cmm clllquilim wuld be: I' all Gree  me.

Gra decu  Auca Labre

By hard wr, all hi g i creae a d grw
M f McGill U iveriy

graiae veria

aurae

Truh hrugh mercy a d

aure

M f Uppala U iveriy

gravira ma e 
heavier hi g remai
mre evere hi g awai, he wr i ye  cme

Gravi Dulci Immuabili

eriu wee immuable

Tile f a pem by Jame Elry Flecer [26]

gua cava lapidem [ 

vi ed aepe cade d]

a waer drp hllw a  e [  by frce, bu by falli g fe ]

mai phrae i frm Ovid, Epiulae ex P  IV, 10, 5.;[27] expa ded i he
Middle Age
[edi] H

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

habea crpu
Yu huld have he bdy
A legal erm frm he 14h ce ury r earlier. Refer  a

umber f legal wri

 bri g a per befre a cur r judge, m cmm ly habea crpu ad

ubjicie dum (yu may have he bdy  bri g up). Cmm ly ued a he ge eral
erm fr a pri er' legal righ  challe ge he legaliy f heir dee i .

habemu papam
we have a ppe
Ued afer a Rma Cahlic Church papal eleci  a u ce publicly a
ucceful ball  elec a ew ppe.

Habe  ua faa libelli

B have heir dei y [accrdi g  he capabiliie f he reader]

hac lege
wih hi law

haec lim memi ie iuvabi

 e day, hi will be pleai g  remember

Cmm ly re dered i E glih a "O e day, we'll l bac  hi a d mile".
Frm Virgil' Ae eid 1.203. Al, m f he Jeffer Sciey.

Ha ibal ad pra
Ha ibal i a he gae
Rma pare  wuld ell heir mibehavi g childre hi, i vi g heir fear f
Ha ibal.

Ha ibal a e pra
Ha ibal befre he gae
Refer  wai g ime while he e emy i already here. Aribued  Cicer.

haud ig a lqur

I pea  f u  w hi g
Thu, "I ay  hi g ha are u  w ". Frm Virgil' Ae eid, 2.91.

hic abu da  le e

here li  abu d
Wrie 

hic e

u chared erririe f ld map; ee al: here be drag .

u c

here a d w
The imperaive m fr he aifaci f deire. "I eed i, Here a d Nw"

hic jace (HJ)

here lie
Al re dered hic iace. Wrie  grave e r mb, precedi g he ame f
he deceaed. Equivale   hic epulu (here i buried), a d meime
cmbi ed i  hic jace epulu (HJS), "here lie buried".

hic ma ebimu pime

here we'll ay excelle ly
Accrdi g  Tiu Liviu he phrae wa pr u ced by Marcu Furiu Camillu,
addrei g he e ar wh i e ded  aba d he ciy, i vaded by Gaul,
circa 390 BC. I i ued day  expre he i e   eep  e' pii eve
if he circuma ce appear advere.

hic u  drac e
here here are drag 
Wrie 

u chared erririe f ld map.

hic u  le e
here here are li 
Wrie 

u chared erririe f ld map.

hi c e i de
frm bh ide

hi c illae lacrimae
he ce he ear
Frm Tere ce, A dria, li e 125. Origi ally lieral, referri g  he ear hed
by Pamphilu a he fu eral f Chryi, i came  be ued prverbially i he
wr f laer auhr, uch a Hrace (Epiula XIX, 41).

hi c rbur e ecuria
herefre re gh a d afey
M f he Ce ral Ba  f Swede .

hiria viae magira

hiry, he eacher f life
Frm Cicer, Tucula a, 2, 16. Al "hiry i he mire f life".

hc age
d hi
M f Bradfrd Grammar Schl, fe purpefully mira laed by pupil a
"Ju d i!".

hc e bellum

Thi i war

hc e Chrium cg cere, be eficia eiu cg cere

T  w Chri i   w hi be efi
Famu dicum by he Refrmer Mela chh

i hi Lci Cmmu e f 1521

hc e e im crpu meum

Thi i my Bdy
The wrd f Jeu reieraed i Lai

duri g he Rma Cahlic Euchari: "Hc

e crpu"

hdie mihi, cra ibi

Tday i' me, mrrw i will be yu

hmi em 

mrbum cura

Trea he Ma ,  he Dieae

M f he Far Eaer U iveriy I iue f Nuri g

hm bulla
ma i a bubble
Varr (116 BC 27 BC), i he pe i g li e f he fir b f Rerum
Ruicarum Libri Tre, wre "qud, u diciur, i e hm bulla, e magi
e ex" (fr if, a hey ay, ma i a bubble, all he mre  i a ld ma [28])
laer rei rduced by Eramu i hi Adagia, a clleci f ayi g publihed
i 1572.

hm hmi i lupu

ma [i a] wlf  ma
Fir aeed i Plauu' Ai aria (lupu e hm hmi i). The e e ce wa
draw  by Hbbe i Leviaha a a c cie exprei f hi huma aure
view.

hm praeumiur b u d ec prbeur malu

O e i i ce  u il prve guily
See al: preumpi f i ce ce.

hm um huma i a me

I am a huma

ihil alie um pu

bei g; hi g huma i ra ge  me

Frm Tere ce, Heau imrume . Origi ally "ra ge" r "freig " (alie um)
wa ued i he e e f "irreleva ", a hi li e wa a rep e  he
peaer bei g ld  mi d hi w bui e, bu i i w cmm ly ued 
advcae repeci g differe  culure a d bei g huma e i ge eral. Pu (I
c ider) i  ra laed becaue i i mea i gle uide f he li e'
c ex wihi he play.

hm u iu libri (ime)

(I fear) a ma f  e b
Aribued  Thma Aqui a

h ee a e h re
h ey befre glry
M f Ki g Gerge V chl, H g K g, Chi a

h r virui praemium
eeem i he reward f virue
M f Ar ld Schl, Blacpl, E gla d

h ri caua

fr he ae f h r

Said f a h rary ile, uch a "Dcr f Scie ce h ri caua".

hra fugi

he hur flee

See empu fugi.

hra m i (h..)

a he hur f leep
Medical hrha d fr "a bedime".

hra

umer

ii ere a

I d  cu  he hur u le hey are u y

A cmm

i cripi  u dial.

hrribile dicu
hrrible  ay
Tha i, "a hrrible hi g  relae". Cf. mirabile dicu.

hru i urbe
A garde i he ciy
M f he Chicag Par Diric, a playful allui
i hr, q.v.

hru iccu
A dry garde
A clleci f dry, preerved pla .

hi huma i ge eri

e emy f he huma race

 he ciy' m, urb

Cicer defi ed pirae i

Rma law a bei g e emie f huma iy i

ge eral.

humilia ccidi uperbiam

humiliy c quer pride

hyphee 

fi g

I d  fabricae hyphee
Frm New , Pri cipia. Le lierally, "I d

 aer ha a y hyphee are

rue".
[edi] I

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

ibidem (ibid.)
i he ame place
Uually ued i bibligraphic ciai   refer  he la urce previuly
refere ced.

id e (i.e.)

ha i
"Tha i ( ay)" i he e e f "ha mea " a d "which mea ", r "i her
wrd", r meime "i hi cae", depe di g  he c ex; may be fllwed
by a cmma, r , depe di g  yle (America E glih a d Briih E glih
repecively).[29] I i fe mii erpreed a "i example". I hi
iuai , e.g. huld be ued i ead. There huld be a perid (.) afer bh
leer, i ce i i a abbreviai f w wrd.[30]

id qud plerumque accidi

ha which ge erally happe 

A phrae ued i legal la guage  i dicae he m prbable ucme frm a
ac, fac, eve  r caue.

idem (di) (id.)

he ame
Ued  refer  mehi g ha ha already bee cied. See al ibidem.

idem qud (i.q.)

he ame a
N  be c fued wih a i ellige ce quie .

Idu Mariae

he Ide f March

I he Rma cale dar, he Ide f March refer  he 15h day f March. I
mder ime, he erm i be  w a he dae  which Juliu Caear wa
aai aed i 44 BC; he erm ha cme  be ued a a meaphr fr impe di g
dm.

Jeu juva J.J.

Jeu, help!
Ued by Jha Sebaia Bach a he begi i g f hi cmpii , which he
e ded wih "S.D.G." (Sli De glria).

Ieu Nazare u Rex Iudaerum (INRI)

Jeu he Nazare e, Ki g f he Jew

Jh 19:20 ae ha hi i cripi wa wrie i hree

la guageAramaic, Lai a d Greea he p f he cr duri g he
crucifixi f Jeu f Nazereh.

igiur qui deidera pacem, praepare bellum

Therefre whever deire peace, le him prepare fr war
Publiu Flaviu Vegeiu Re au, De Re Miliari; imilar  i vi pacem, para

bellum.

ig e aura re vaur i egra

hrugh fire, aure i rebr whle

A alchemical aphrim i ve ed a a aler ae mea i g fr he acr ym INRI.

ig i ferrque
wih fire a d ir
A phrae decribi g crched earh acic. Al re dered a ig e aque ferr,
ferr ig ique, a d her variai .

ig i aurum prba
fire e gld
A phrae referri g  he refi i g f characer hrugh difficul circuma ce,
i i al he m f he Prmeheu Sciey.

ig i fauu
flih fire
Will-'-he-wip.

ig ra ia iuri 

excua

(r ig ra ia legi  excua r ig ra ia legi

f he law i  excue

emi em excua) ig ra ce

A legal pri ciple whereby ig ra ce f a law de  allw  e  ecape

liabiliy.

ig rai ele chi

ig ra ce f he iue
The lgical fallacy f irreleva  c clui : mai g a argume  ha, while
pibly valid, de ' prve r uppr he prpii i claim . A
ig rai ele chi ha i a i e i al aemp  milead r c fue he
ppi g pary i  w a a red herri g. Ele chi i frm he Gree ele ch.

ig um per ig iu

u  w

by mea  f he mre u  w

A expla ai ha i le clear ha he hi g  be explai ed. Sy  ymu
wih bcurum per bcuriu.

ig u (ig .)
u  w

imag Dei
image f Gd
Frm he religiu c cep ha ma

wa creaed i "Gd' image".

imiai dei
imiai f a gd
A pri ciple, held by everal religi , ha believer huld rive  reemble

heir gd().

imperium i imperi
a rder wihi a rder
1. A grup f peple wh we um fealy  heir leader(), ubrdi ai g he
i ere f he larger grup  he auhriy f he i er al grup'
leader().
2. A "fifh clum " rga izai perai g agai  he rga izai wihi
which hey eemi gly reide.
3. "Sae wihi a ae"

imperium i e fi e
a

empire wihu a e d

I Virgil' Ae eid, Jupier rdered Ae ea  fu d a ciy (Rme) frm which
wuld cme a everlai g, ever-e di g empire, he e dle (i e fi e) empire.

imprimaur
le i be pri ed

A auhrizai  publih, gra ed by me ce ri g auhriy (rigi ally a

Cahlic Bihp).

i abe ia
i he abe ce
Ued i a umber f iuai , uch a i a rial carried u i he abe ce f

he accued.

i abe ia luci, e ebrae vi cu 

i he abe ce f ligh, dar e prevail

i acu
i ac
I he very ac; i

realiy.

i aricul mri
a he pi  f deah

camera

i he chamber
I ecre. See al camera bcura.

cau (i.c.)

i he eve 
I hi cae.

i cauda ve e um

he pi

i i he ail

Ui g he meaphr f a crpi , hi ca be aid f a accu  ha prceed

ge ly, bu ur  viciu ward he e d r mre ge erally wai ill he e d

 reveal a i e i

r aeme  ha i u deirable i he lie er' ear.

i cm. Ebr.
I he cu y f Yrhire
Ebracum wa he Rma ame fr Yr a d hi phrae i ued i me Gergia
a d Vicria b  he ge ealgy f prmi e  Yrhire familie.

De peramu

i Gd we hpe
M f Brw U iveriy.

i dubi pr re

i dub, 

behalf f he [alleged] culpri

Expree he judicial pri ciple ha i cae f dub he decii mu be i
favr f he accued (i ha a y e i i ce  u il here i prf  he
c rary).

i dupl
i duble
I duplicae

i effigie
i he lie e
I (he frm f) a
per ").

image; i effigy (a pped  "i he fleh" r "i

i ee
i exie ce
I acual exie ce; a pped  i pe.

i exe 
i he exe ded

I full; a full le gh; cmplee r u abridged

i exremi
i he furhe reache
I exremiy; i dire rai; al "a he pi  f deah" (cf. i aricul
mri).

i fide cie iam

T ur faih add  wledge
M f Newi g

Cllege.

i fidem
i  faih
T he verificai f faih.

i fieri
i becmi g
I prce; pe di g.

i fi e (i.f.)
i he e d
A he e d. The f e ay "p. 157 i fi e": "he e d f page 157".

i flagra e delic
i a blazi g wr g, while he crime i blazi g
Caugh i he ac (ep. a crime r i a "cmprmii g pii "); equivale  
"caugh red-ha ded" i E glih idim.

i flre
i blm
Blmi g.

i fr
i frum
I cur (legal erm).

i girum imu

ce e c umimur ig i

We e er he circle a

igh a d are c umed by fire

A pali drme aid  decribe he behavir f mh. Al he ile f a film by
Guy Debrd.

i harm ia prgrei
prgre i harm y
M f Ba du g I iue f Tech lgy, I d eia.

i hc e u r i e u hc (.h.)

i hi e e
Rece  academic abbreviai

fr "i hi e e".

i hc ig  vi ce

by hi ig yu will c quer
Wrd C a i e he Grea claimed  have ee i a vii befre he Bale
f he Milvia Bridge. M f Sigma Chi fraer iy, he Nrwegia Army 2 d
Baali a d he Hue f Di Sa i.

i hu c effecum
fr hi purpe
Decribe a meei g called fr a paricular aed purpe  ly.

i icu culi
i he bli  f a

eye

i ill rdi e (i..)

i ha rder
Rece  academic ubiui
repecively."

fr he paciu a d i c ve ie  "...,

i ill empre
i ha ime
A ha ime, fu d fe i Gpel lecure duri g Mae, ued  mar a
u deermi ed ime i he pa.

i i cepum fi i e
li.: i he begi i g i he e d

r: he begi i g frehadw he e d

i limi e
a he ue/hrehld
Prelimi ary, i law, a mi
befre r duri g rial, fe
prejudicial.

i limi e i a mi ha i made  he judge

abu he admiibiliy f evide ce believed

i lc
i he place,  he p
Tha i, ' ie'. "The earby lab were cled fr he weee d,  he waer
ample were a alyzed i lc."

i lc pare i

i he place f a pare 
Aumi g pare al r cudial rep ibiliy a d auhriy (e.g.,
chleacher ver ude ); a legal erm.

i luce Tua videmu lucem

i Thy ligh we ee ligh
M f Valparai U iveriy. The phrae cme frm he b f Palm 36:9

"Fr wih yu i he fu ai f life; i yur ligh we ee ligh."

i lumi e u videbimu lume

i yur ligh we will ee he ligh
M f Clumbia U iveriy, Prebyeria By' Sec dary Schl a d Ohi
Weleya U iveriy.

i ma u ua cmme d pirium meum

i  yur ha d I e ru my piri
Accrdi g  Lue 23:46, he la wrd f Jeu  he cr.

i media re
i  he middle f hi g
Frm Hrace. Refer  he lierary ech ique f begi i g a arraive i he
middle f, r a a lae pi  i , he ry, afer much aci ha already ae
place. Example i clude he Iliad, he Odyey, O Luada, Ohell, a d
Paradie L. Cmpare ab i ii.

i memriam
i  he memry
Equivale   "i he memry f". Refer  rememberi g r h ri g a deceaed
per .

ecearii u ia, i

dubii libera, i m ibu caria

eceary hi g u iy, i

dubful hi g libery, i all hi g chariy

"Chariy" (caria) i bei g ued i he claical e e f "cmpai " (cf.

agape). M f he Carellverba d der ahliche deuche
Sude e verbi du ge . Ofe miaribued  Augui e f Hipp.[ciai
eeded]

ce c ilium

advice cme ver igh

I.e., "Tmrrw i a

ew day." M f Birbec Cllege, U iveriy f L d .

mi e diabli

i he ame f he devil

mi e Dmi i

i he ame f he Lrd

M f Tri iy Cllege, Perh, Auralia; he ame f a 1050 papal bull

mi e pari, e filii, e piriu a ci

i he ame f he Faher, a d f he S , a d f he Hly Spiri

i vcai f he Hly Tri iy

uce

i a u
i a uhell; briefly aed; pe ial; i he embry ic phae

i m ia parau
Ready fr a yhi g.
M f he U ied Sae Army' 18h I fa ry Regime 

i m ibu requiem quaeivi, e

uquam i ve i ii i

a gul cum libr

Everywhere I have earched fr peace a d where fu d i, excep i a cr er
wih a b
Que by Thma Kempi

i v
i he egg r i he embry
A experime  r prce perfrmed i a egg r embry (e.g. i v
elecrprai f chice embry).

i pace requieca
i peace may he re

Aler ae frm f requieca i pace ("le him re i peace"). Fu d i hi
frm a he e d f The Ca f Am illad by Edgar Alla Pe.

i paribu i fidelium
i he par f he i fidel
"I he la d f he i fidel"; ued  refer  bihpric ha remai  a
iular ee eve afer he crrep di g erriry wa c quered by Mulim
empire.

i pecre
i he hear
A cardi al amed i ecre by he ppe. See al ab im pecre.

i per am
i  a per
Direced ward a paricular per

i pe
i pe ial
I he ae f bei g pible; a pped  i ee.

i prpria per a
i  e' w per
Abbreviaed pr per; Fr  e' elf; aci g   e' w behalf, epecially a
per repree i g himelf i a legal prceedi g; ee al liiga  i per ,
pr e legal repree ai i he U ied Sae.

i pri cipi era Verbum

i he begi i g wa he Wrd (Lg)
Begi i g f he Gpel f Jh

i re

i he maer [f]

A legal erm ued  i dicae ha a judicial prceedi g may  have frmally
deig aed advere parie r i herwie u c eed. The erm i cmm ly
ued i cae ciai  f prbae prceedi g, fr example, I re Smih'
Eae; i i al ued i juve ile cur, a, fr i a ce, I re Gaul.

i regi e caecrum rex e lucu

I he la d f he bli d, he  e-eyed ma

i i g.

A que f Deideriu Eramu frm Adagia (fir publihed 1500, wih umeru
expa ded edii  hrugh 1536), III, IV, 96.

rem

 he hi g
Legal erm i dicai g a cur' juridici ver a piece f prpery raher
ha a legal per ; c ra wih per al (ad per am) juridici . See I
rem juridici ; Quai i rem juridici

i rerum aura
i he aure f hi g
See al Lucreiu' De rerum

aura (O he Naure f Thi g).

i ree i
am g hi g held bac
Ued  decribe dcume  ep eparaely frm he regular recrd f a cur
fr pecial rea .

i aecula (aeculrum), i aeculum aeculi

rughly: dw  he ime f he ime
frever (a d ever), liurgical

i aecul
i he ime
I he ecular wrld, ep. uide a m aery, r befre deah.

i alv
i afey

i cie ia ppru ia

I K wledge, here i Oppru iy
M f Edge Hill U iveriy.

i ilic
(Dg Lai )
i ilic
Ci ed i he lae 1980 fr cie ific paper. Refer  a experime  r
prce perfrmed virually, a a cmpuer imulai . The erm i Dg Lai
mdeled afer erm uch a i vir a d i viv. The Lai wrd fr ilic i
ilicium,  he crrec Lai izai f "i ilic " wuld be i ilici, bu
hi frm ha lile uage.

i iu
i he place
I he rigi al place, apprpriae pii , r aural arra geme .

i m i veria
I dream here i ruh

i pe
i hpe
"fuure" (My mher-i -law i pe", i.e., "My fuure mher-i -law), r "i
embry ic frm", a i "Lce' hery f gver me  reemble, i pe,
M equieu' hery f he eparai f pwer."

i pecialibu ge eralia quaerimu

T ee he ge eral i he pecific
Tha i,  u dera d he m ge eral rule hrugh he m deailed
a alyi.

i au ace di
i he ae f bei g br
Ju a mehi g i abu  begi .

i 
i all
Tally; e irely; cmpleely.

i ripl
i riple
I riplicae.

i umbra, igiur, pug abimu

The we will figh i he hade

i uer
i he wmb

i urumque parau
Prepared fr eiher (eve )

i vacu
i a vid
I a vacuum; ilaed frm her hi g.

i varieae c crdia
u ied i diveriy

The m f he Eurpea U i

a d he Cu cil f Eurpe

i vi  veria
i wi e [here i] ruh
Tha i, wi e le  he  gue(Referri g  alchl' dii hibiry effec).

i vir
i gla
A experime al r prce mehdlgy perfrmed i a "  - aural" ei g
(e.g. i a labrary ui g a gla e ube r Peri dih), a d hu uide
f a livi g rga im r cell. Aler aive experime al r prce mehdlgie
i clude i vir, i ilic, ex viv a d i viv.

i viv
i life" r "i a livi g hi g
A experime  r prce perfrmed 

a livi g pecime .

i viv veria
i a livi g hi g [here i] ruh
A exprei ued by bilgi  expre he fac ha labrary fi di g
frm ei g a rga im i vir are  alway refleced whe applied  a
rga im i viv. A pu  i vi  veria.

i cep

e deiam

May I  hri  frm my purpe!

Weville By' High Schl a d Weville Girl' High Schl' m i ae
direcly frm Virgil. Thee wrd, fu d i Ae eid, B 1, are ued by Ju ,
quee f heave wh haed he Trja  led by Ae ea. Whe he aw he flee f
Ae ea  i way  Ialy, afer he ac f Try by he Gree, he pla ed 

caer i by mea  f r g wi d. I her deermi ai  accmplih her a
he cried u "I cep Ne Deiam!"

i cerae edi

f u cerai pii

(ea)

A erm ued  claify a ax mic grup whe i brader relai hip are
u  w r u defi ed.

i credibile dicu
i credible  ay
A varia  

mirabile dicu.

I dex Librrum Prhibirum

I dex f Prhibied (r, Frbidde ) B
A li f b c idered hereical by he Rma Cahlic Church.

i diviibilier ac i eparabilier
i diviible a d i eparable
M f Auria-Hu gary prir  i eparai
1918.

I fi iu e

i  i depe de  ae i

umeru ulrum.

I fi ie i he umber f fl.

i firma mu di elegi Deu

Gd che he wea f he wrld
The m f Ve erable Vial-Jui Gra di , he bihp f he S. Alber
Dicee, which i w he Rma Cahlic Archdicee f Edm 

i fra dig iaem (i fra dig)

be eah  e' dig iy

i a e me e (i .)
i he pree  m h
Frmerly ued i frmal crrep de ce  refer  he curre  m h, meime
abbreviaed a i a ; e.g.: "Tha  yu fr yur leer f he 17h i ."
ul. me e = la m h, prx. me e = ex m h.

i ami ai fulge h ribu

U ar ihed, he hi e wih h r
Frm Hrace' Ode (III.2.18). M f Wffrd Cllege.

i eger viae celerique puru

u impaired by life a d clea f wiced e
Frm Hrace. Ued a a fu eral hym .

i ellige i pauca
Few wrd uffice fr he wh u dera d

i er alia (i.a.)

am g her hi g
A erm ued i frmal exrac mi ue  i dicae ha he mi ue qued ha
bee ae frm a fuller recrd f her maer, r whe alludi g  he pare 
grup afer qui g a paricular example.

i er ali
am g her
Ofe ued  cmpre li f parie  legal dcume .

i er arma e im ile  lege

i a ime f war, he law fall ile 
Said by Cicer i Pr Mil e a a pre agai  u checed
had virually eized c rl f Rme i he 60 a d 50 BC.
he eay Civil Dibedie ce by He ry David Threau a "The
drw  u he vice f he law". Thi phrae ha al bee
a "I a ime f arm, he leg are ile ."

i er caeera
am g her

pliical mb ha

Famuly qued i
claer f arm
ji gly ra laed

Tile f a papal bull

i er pem e meum

bewee hpe a d fear

i er uri a e faece

we are br bewee

acimur

uri e a d fece

Aribued  S Augui e.

i er viv
bewee he livi g
Refer  prpery ra fer bewee livi g per , a pped  a
eame ary ra fer up deah uch a a i heria ce; fe releva   ax
law.

i ra mur
wihi he wall
N public; urce f he wrd i ramural. See al I ramur, Ma ila.

i ra vire
wihi he pwer
Wihi  e' auhriy

i vica
U c quered
M f he E glih cu y f Ke .

i vicu ma e
I remai

u va quihed

M f he Armr g Cla .

Iha e e me eiu

Jh i hi

ame

M f he Seal f he Cmm wealh f Puer Ric

ipa cie ia pea e

 wledge ielf i pwer

Famu phrae wrie by Sir Fra ci Bac

i 1597.

ipe dixi
he himelf aid i
Cmm ly aid i Medieval debae referri g  Arile. Ued i ge eral 
emphaize ha me aeri cme frm me auhriy, i.e., a a argume 
frm auhriy, a d he erm ipe-dixiim ha cme  mea a y u uppred
rherical aeri ha lac a lgical argume . Origi ally ci ed by Cicer
i hi De Naura Derum (I, 10)  decribe he behavir f he ude  f
Pyhagra.

ipiima verba

he very wrd hemelve

"Sricly wrd fr wrd" (cf. verbaim). Ofe ued i Biblical Sudie 
decribe he recrd f Jeu' eachi g fu d i he New Teame  (pecifically,

he fur Gpel).

ipiima vce

he very 'vice' ielf

T apprximae he mai hru r meage wihu ui g he exac wrd.

ip fac
by he fac ielf
By ha very fac

ira derum

wrah f he gd

Lie he va majriy f i habia  f he a cie  wrld, he a cie  Rma 
praciced paga riual, believi g i impra   achieve a ae f pax derum
(peace f he gd) i ead f ira derum (wrah f he gd): earhquae,
fld, fami e, ec.

ira furr brevi e

Wrah (a ger) i bu a brief mad e

ia ver

hu i deed
A ueful phrae, a he Rma  had  wrd fr "ye", preferri g  rep d 
quei  wih he affirmaive r egaive f he quei (e.g., "Are yu
hu gry?" wa a wered by "I am hu gry" r "I am  hu gry",  "Ye" r "N).

ie, mia e

G, i i he dimial
Lely: "Yu have bee dimied". C cludi g wrd addreed  he peple i
he Ma f he Rma Rie.[31]

ier legi
The pah f he law
The pah a law ae frm i c cepi  i impleme ai .

iugulare mru

 cu he hra f crpe

Frm Gerhard Gerhard' (14661536) [beer  w a Eramu] clleci f
a aed Adagia (1508). I ca mea aaci g he wr r per aliy f
deceaed per . Aler aively, i ca be ued  decribe criicim f a
i dividual already heavily criicied by her.

iu ca iuva 

geher hey rive

al pelled ju ca juva ; frm he legal pri ciple quae  valea  i gula,
iu ca iuva  ("Wha i wihu value  i w , help whe ji ed")

iura vi curia

he cur  w he law

A legal pri ciple i civil law cu rie f he Rma -Germa radii

ha ay

ha lawyer eed   argue he law, a ha i he ffice f he cur.
Smeime miwrie a iura va curia (he cur re ew he law).

iure mari
i righ f hi mher
I dicae a righ exercied by a  

behalf f hi mher.

iure uxri
i righ f hi wife
I dicae a righ exercied by a huba d 

behalf f hi wife.

iuri ig ra ia e cum iu rum ig ramu

i i ig ra ce f he law whe we d

  w ur w righ

iu accrece di
righ f accrual
Cmm ly referred  a "righ f urvivrhip": a rule i prpery law ha
urvivi g ji  e a  have righ i equal hare  a decede ' prpery.

iu ad bellum
law ward war
Refer  he law ha regulae he rea  fr gi g  war. Typically, hi
wuld addre iue f elf-defe e r preempive rie.

iu cge 
cmpelli g law
Refer  a fu dame al pri ciple f i er ai al law c idered  have

accepa ce am g he i er ai al cmmu iy f ae a a whle. Typically,
hi wuld addre iue  lied r defi ed by a y auhriaive bdy, bu
arie u f cae law a d cha gi g cial a d pliical aiude. Ge erally
i cluded are prhibii   wagi g aggreive war, crime agai  huma iy, war
crime, piracy, ge cide, lavery, a d rure.

iu i bell
law i war
Refer  he "law" ha regulae he c duc f cmbaa  duri g a c flic.
Typically, hi wuld addre iue f wh r wha i a valid arge, hw 
rea pri er, a d wha r f weap  ca be ued. The wrd ju i al
cmm ly pelled iu.

iu primae ci

law f he fir

igh

The dri de eig eur.

iuiia fu dame um reg i

juice i he fu dai f a reig
M f he Supreme Public Precur' Office f he Czech Republic.

iuiia m ibu
juice fr all
The m f Wahi g , D.C.

iuve ui il arduum

 he yu g hi g i difficul

M f Ca berra Girl' Grammar Schl.

iuve ui veh fru a

I bear he fru e f yuh
M f Dllar Academy.
[edi] L

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

Labr m ia vi ci
Hard wr c quer all
Ppular a a m; derived frm a phrae i Virgil' Eclgue (X.69: m ia
vi ci Amr "Lve c quer all"); a imilar phrae al ccur i hi Gergic
I.145. M f S. Xavier' I iui , Pe a g.

Labrare pug are parai umu

T wr, (r)  figh; we are ready
M f he Califr ia Mariime Academy

Labre e h re
By labur a d h ur
M f everal chl

Labremu pr paria

Le u wr fr he faherla d
M f he Carlberg brewerie

Labri glria Ludi

Game are he glry f wr,
M f he Cambr e Schl f Mi e, Cr wall, UK

lapu
lape, lip, errr; i vlu ary miae made while wrii g r peai g

lapu calami

i advere  ypgraphical errr, lip f he pe

lapu li guae
i advere  peech errr, lip f he  gue

lapu memriae

lip f memry
Surce f he erm memry lape.

Laudar empri aci

praier f ime pa
O e wh i dic e  wih he pree  a d i ead prefer hi g f he pa
("he gd ld day").

Laudeur Jeu Chriu

Praie (Be) Jeu Chri
Ofe ued a a aluai , bu al ued afer prayer r he readi g f he
gpel.

lau De
praie be  Gd
Thi i wrie  he Ea ide a he pea f he Wahi g M ume  i
Wahi g , D.C. Al i he m f he Vicu  f Arbuh  a d Syd ey
Grammar Schl.

lecri aluem
greei g reader
Ofe abbreviaed  L.S., ued a pe i g wrd fr a leer.

lege ari
accrdi g  he law f he ar
De e ha a cerai i erve i

i perfrmed i a crrec way. Ued

epecially i a medical c ex. The 'ar' referred  i he phrae i

medici e.

legem errae

he law f he la d

lege huma ae acu ur, vivu , e mriu ur

law f ma are br , live a d die

lege i e mribu va ae
law wihu mral [are] vai
Frm Hrace' Ode: he fficial m f he U iveriy f Pe ylva ia.

legi paria ra

The Legi

i ur faherla d

M f he Fre ch Freig Legi

legi, i ellexi, e c dem avi

I read, u derd, a d c dem ed.

legiime
lawfully
I Rma a d civil law, a frced hare i a eae; he pri f he
decede ' eae frm which he immediae family ca  be dii heried. Frm
he Fre ch hriier legiime (righful heir).

lex ari
law f he ill
The rule ha regulae a prfei al duy.

lex dei viae lampa

he law f Gd i he lamp f life

M f he Prebyeria Ladie' Cllege, Melbur e

lex fere da

he law ha huld be br e

The law a i ugh  be.

lex hac edicali

he law here prclaim

The rule whereby a pue ca  by deed i er viv r bequeah by eame  
hi r her ec d pue mre ha he amu  f he malle pri
bequeahed  a y child.

lex i cau
law i he eve 
A law ha  ly c cer   e paricular cae. See law f he cae.

lex laa

he law ha ha bee br e

The law a i i.

lex lci
law f he place

lex  cripa
law ha ha  bee wrie
U wrie

law, r cmm

lex ra di, lex crede di

law.

give r

he law f prayer i he law f faih

Lex Pacifera
M f he Eurpea Ge darmerie Frce.

lex parim iae

law f ucci c e
al  w a Occam' Razr.

lex rex

he law [i] i g

A pri ciple f gver me  advcai g a rule by law raher ha by me . The
phrae rigi aed a a duble e e dre i he ile f Samuel Ruherfrd'
c rverial b Lex, Rex (1644), which epued a hery f limied
gver me  a d c iui alim.

lex cripa
wrie law
Saury law. C raed wih lex 

cripa.

lex ali i

he law f realiai

Reribuive juice (cf. a

eye fr a eye).

lex empu

ime i he law

Name f muical cmpii
Buigieg

by ppular Malee elecr ic muic ari Ray

libera e ueme (ex i feri)

Free yurelf (frm hell)

Ued i he mvie Eve  Hriz

(1997), where i i ra laed a "ave yurelf

(frm hell)". I i i iially miheard a liberae me (free me), bu i laer

crreced. Libera e i fe miae ly merged i  liberae, which wuld
eceiae a plural pr u i ead f he i gular ueme (which i a
emphaic frm f u, yu).

Libera Juiia Veria

Libery Juice Truh
M f he Krea U iveriy a d Freie U iveri Berli .

Libera Quae Sera Tame

freedm which [i] hwever lae
Libery eve whe i cme lae; M f Mi a Gerai, Brazil.

Libera Securia Juiia

Libery Securiy Juice
M f he Fr ex.

libra (lb)
bala ce; cale
I abbreviai

lb i ued a a u i f weigh, he pu d.

lc cia (lc)

i he place cied
Mre fully wrie i

lc cia. See al pere cia.

lcu claicu
a claic place
The m ypical r claic cae f mehi g; quai
ue.

lcu mi ri reie iae

which m ypifie i

place f le reia ce

A medical erm  decribe a lcai  r i a bdy ha ffer lile
reia ce  i feci , damage, r i jury. Fr example, a weae ed place ha
e d  be rei jured.

lcu a di
A righ  a d
Sa di g i

law (he righ  have  e' cae i

cur).

lrem ipum

rrw ielf; pai fr i w ae

A ma gled fragme  frm Cicer' De Fi ibu B rum e Malrum (O he Limi f
Gd a d Evil, 45 BC), ued a ypgrapher' filler  hw f  (a..a.
greei g).

lucea lux vera

Le yur ligh hi e
May be fu d i Mahew Ch. 5 V. 16. Ppular a a chl m.

lucem equimur
We fllw he ligh
M f he U iveriy f Exeer

lucr e emerg
I ruggle a d emerge
M f he Duch prvi ce f Zeela d  de e i bale agai  he ea, a d

he Ahl Murray Cllege f Nre Dame.

lucu a 

luce d

[i i] a grve by  bei g ligh

Frm lae 4h-ce ury grammaria H rau Mauru, wh ugh  mc
implauible wrd rigi  uch a he prped by Pricia . A pu baed  he

wrd lucu (dar grve) havi g a imilar appeara ce  he verb lucere (
hi e), argui g ha he frmer wrd i derived frm he laer wrd becaue f
a lac f ligh i wded grve. Ofe ued a a example f aburd eymlgy.

ludemu be e i cmpa ia
We play well i grup
M f he Bar y f Mari u.

lupu i fabula

he wlf i he ry

Wih he mea i g "pea f he wlf, a d he will cme"; frm Tere ce' play
Adelphe.

lupu 

mrde lupum

a wlf de  bie a wlf

lupu  ime ca em lara em

a wlf i  afraid f a bari g dg

lux aeer a
eer al ligh
epiaph

lux e lex
ligh a d law
M f he Fra li & Marhall Cllege

lux e veria
ligh a d ruh
A ra lai f he Hebrew Urim a d Thummim. M f everal i iui .

lux ex e ebri
ligh frm dar e
M f he 67h Newr Warfare Wi g.

lux hmi um via

ligh he life f ma
M f he U iveriy f New Mexic

lux i Dmi 
ligh i he Lrd
M f he Ae e de Ma ila U iveriy

lux libera
ligh, libery
M f he U iveriy f Nrh Carli a a Chapel Hill

lux me i lux rbi

Ligh f he mi d, ligh f he wrld
M f S ma Sae U iveriy

lux i
le here be ligh
A mre lieral Lai izai f he phrae; he m cmm ra lai i fia
lux, frm Lai Vulgae Bible phrae che fr he Ge ei li e "
, ; -( "A d Gd aid: 'Le here be ligh.' A d
here wa ligh). M f he U iveriy f Wahi g .

lux ua  duca

Yur Ligh Guide U
M f S. Julia ' Schl, Carcavel, Prugal[32]

lux, veria, viru

ligh, ruh, curage
M f Nrheaer

U iveriy

[edi] M

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

Mace a im! Ge ere puer ic iur ad ara

Yu g, cheer up! Thi i he way  he ie.
M f Academia da Fra Area (Air Frce Academy) f he Brazilia

Air Frce

magier dixi

he eacher ha aid i

Ca  ical medieval refere ce  Arile, precludi g furher dicui

Mag a Cara
Grea Charer
Se f dcume  frm 1215 bewee Ppe I ce  III, Ki g Jh f E gla d, a d
E glih bar .

mag a cum laude

wih grea praie
Cmm

Lai h r, abve cum laude a d belw umma cum laude

mag a e vi c ueudi i

grea i he pwer f habi

Mag a Eurpa e Paria Nra

Grea Eurpe i Our Faherla d

Pliical m f pa -Eurpea i (cf. Ave Eurpa ra vera Paria)

mag  cum gaudi

wih grea jy

mag um pu
grea wr
Said f me e' maerpiece

mair e l gi qu revere ia

greaer revere ce frm afar
Whe

viewed frm a dia ce, everyhi g i beauiful. Taciu, A ale 1.47

maira premu 
greaer hi g are prei g
Ued  i dicae ha i i he mme   addre mre impra , urge ,
iue.

mala fide
i bad faih
Said f a ac d e wih  wledge f i illegaliy, r wih i e i 
defraud r milead me e. Oppie f b a fide.

mala empra curru 

bad ime are up

u

Al ued ir ically, e.g.: New eacher  w all ric ued by pupil  cpy
frm clamae? Oh, mala empra curru !.

male capu be e dee u

wr gly capured, prperly deai ed

A illegal arre will  prejudice he ubeque  dee i /rial.

mal periculam liberaem quam quieum erviium

I prefer libery wih da ger  peace wih lavery

malum dicrdiae
apple f dicrd
Allude  he apple f Eri i he Judgeme  f Pari, he myhlgical caue
f he Trja War. I i al a pu baed  he ear-hm ymu wrd malum
(evil). The wrd fr "apple" ha a l g vwel i Lai a d he wrd fr "evil"
a hr a vwel, bu hey are rmally wrie he ame.

malum i e
wr g i ielf
A legal erm mea i g ha mehi g i i here ly wr g (cf. malum prhibium).

malum prhibium
wr g due  bei g prhibied
A legal erm mea i g ha mehi g i  ly wr g becaue i i agai  he law.

malum qu cmmu iu e peiu

he mre cmm

a evil i, he wre i i

ma ibu dae lilia ple i

give lilie wih full ha d
A phrae frm Virgil' Ae eid, VI.883, mur i g he deah f Marcellu,
Auguu' ephew. Qued by Da e a he leave Virgil i Purgary, XXX.21,
eched by Wal Whima i Leave f Gra III, 6.

ma u miliari
wih a miliary ha d

Ui g armed frce i rder  achieve a gal

ma u prpria (m.p.)
wih  e' w

ha d

Wih he implicai f "ig ed by  e' ha

meime ued a he e d f ypewrie r
ice, direcly fllwi g he ame f he
exacly i he cae where here i ' a

d". I abbreviaed frm i

pri ed dcume  r fficial
per () wh "ig ed" he dcume 
acual ha dwrie ig aure.

ma u celer Dei

he wif ha d f Gd

Origi ally ued a he

ame f a hip i he Marah

game erie, i uage ha

pread. I he PlaySai game, Bld Ome : Legacy f Kai , he phrae wa
wrie i bld  he wall f a vampire' feedi g rm. I i aumed ha
 e f he dyi g vicim wre i wih hi fi ger. Afer he game' mai
characer urvey he bldy rm, aciaive lgic dicae ha he phrae
wa  deify bh he vampire' wrah  hacled, pwerle huma  a d he
bu dle laugher f hi vicim.

ma u ma um lava

 e ha d wahe he her

famu que frm The Pumpi ificai f Claudiu, acribed  Se eca he
Yu ger.[33] I implie ha  e iuai help he her.

ma u mulae cr u um
ma y ha d,  e hear
M f he Alpha Dela Phi Fraer iy.

mare clauum
cled ea
I law, a ea u der he juridici f  e ai

a d cled  all her.

mare liberum
free ea
I law, a ea pe  i er ai al hippi g avigai .

mare rum

ur ea
A ic ame give  he Medierra ea

Sea duri g he heigh f he Rma Empire,

a i e cmpaed he e ire caal bai .

Maer Dei
Mher f Gd
A ame give  decribe Mary, wh gave birh  Jeu, wh i al called he
"S f Gd."

maer faci
Mher De I
Ued a a je  ay Mher Fuc I, hugh i really mea  "mher de i"

maer familia

he mher f he family

The female head f a family. See paer familia.

Maer emper cera e

The mher i alway cerai
a Rma -law pri ciple which ha he pwer f praeumpi iuri e de iure,
mea i g ha  cu er-evide ce ca be made agai  hi pri ciple (lierally:
Preumed here i  cu er evide ce a d by he law). I mea i g i ha he
mher f he child i alway  w .

maeria medica
medical maer
The bra ch f medical cie ce c cer ed wih he udy f drug ued i he
reame  f dieae. Al, he drug hemelve.

me vexa pede

i a y me a he f

Le lierally, "my f iche". Refer  a rivial iuai r per ha
i bei g a bher, pibly i he e e f wihi g  ic ha hi g away r,
uch a he cmm ly-ued exprei , a "pebble i  e' he" r " ippi g a
 e' heel".

mea culpa
my faul
Ued i Chriia prayer a d c fei  de e he i here ly flawed aure
f ma i d; ca al be exe ded  mea maxima culpa (my greae faul).

mea avi aricumbe  a guilli abu da

My hvercraf i full f eel
A relaively cmm rece  Lai izai
Phraeb ech by M y Pyh .

media via i

i pired by he Diry Hu garia

mre umu

I he mid f ur live we die

A well- w eque ce, falely aribued  Ner duri g he Middle Age. I
wa ra laed by Cra mer a d became a par f he burial ervice i he fu eral
rie f he A glica B f Cmm

Prayer.

Medila um capum e

Mila ha bee capured
Ued err euly a Medila um Capa E by he blac meal ba d Mayhem a a
album ile. Medila um wa a a cie  ciy i pree -day Mila , Ialy.

melira
beer hi g
Carryi g he c ai f "alway beer". The m f he U iveriy f
Rcheer.

Melia, dmi adum

H ey, I'm hme!

A relaively cmm rece  Lai izai frm he je phraeb Lai fr All
Occai . Grammaically crrec, bu he phrae wuld be a achr iic i
a cie  Rme.

meme  mri
remember ha [yu will] die
remember yur mraliy

meme  vivere
remember  live

memi eru  m ia ama e

lver remember all

memre aci prude e fuuri

mi dful f wha ha bee d e, aware f wha will be
Thu, bh rememberi g he pa a d freeei g he fuure. Frm he Nrh
Herfrdhire Diric Cu cil ca f arm.

me  agia mlem

he mi d mve he ma

Frm Virgil. M f Rall Schl, he U iveriy f Oreg , he U iveriy
f Warwic a d he Ei dhve U iveriy f Tech lgy.

me  e ma u
mi d a d ha d
M f Maachue I iue f Tech lgy, a d al f he Philadelphia
Cllege f Oepahic Medici e.

me  rea
guily mi d
Al "culpri mi d". A erm ued i dicui g he mi de f a accued

crimi al.

me  a a i

crpre a 

a u d mi d i

a u d bdy

Or "a e ible mi d i

a healhy bdy".

meri caua
fr he ae f he meer
Excui g flaw i pery "fr he ae f he meer"

Mile Glriu
Glriu Sldier
Or "Baful Sldier". Mile Glriu i he ile f a play f Plauu. A
c characer i cmedy, he braggar ldier. (I i aid ha a Salama ca,
here i a wall,  which graduae i cribe heir ame, where Fra cic Fra c
had a plaque i alled readi g "Fra cicu Fra cu Mile Glriu".)

mi aur i ce ibu qui parci ce ibu

he hreae  he i ce  wh pare he guily

mirabile dicu
w derful  ell

mirabile viu
w derful  ee
A Rma phrae ued  decribe a w derful eve /happe i g.

micerique prba ppul e federa ju gi

He apprve f he mi gli g f he peple a d heir b d f u i
Lai Ae eid f Virgil, B IV, li e 112, "he" referri g  he grea Rma
gd, wh apprved f he eleme  f Rma  i Africa. Old M f Tri idad

a d Tbag, a d ued i he vel A Be d i he River by V. S. Naipaul.

miera e erviu ubi ju e au i cg ium au vagum
mierable i ha ae f lavery i
Qued by Samuel Jh 

which he law i u  w r u cerai

i hi paper fr Jame Bwell 

Viciu i rmii .

mierabile viu

errible by he igh

A errible happe i g r eve .

mierere bi
have mercy up

u

A phrae wihi he Glria i Exceli De a d he Ag u Dei,  be ued a

cerai pi  i Chriia religiu cerem ie.

Mii Dei

he Mii f Gd

A helgical phrae i he Chriia religi .

mii me Dmi u

he Lrd ha e  me

A phrae ued by Jeu.

miimu
we e d
A warra  f cmmime   pri , r a i ruci
me e i pri .

fr a jailer  hld

mbili i mbili
"mvi g i a mvi g hi g" r, peically, "cha gi g hrugh he cha gi g
medium"
The m f he Nauilu frm he Jule Ver e vel Twe y Thua d League

U der he Sea.

mdu mr 
(Dg Lai )

Dg Lai baed  wrdplay wih mdu p e  a d mdu lle , referri g 

he cmm lgical fallacy ha if P he Q a d  P, he  e ca c clude 
Q (cf. de yi g he a ecede  a d c rapii ).

mdu pera di (M.O.)

mehd f perai g
Uually ued  decribe a crimi al' mehd.

mdu p e 
mehd f placi g
Lely "mehd f affirmi g", a lgical rule f i fere ce ai g ha frm
prpii  if P he Q a d P, he  e ca c clude Q.

mdu lle 
mehd f remvi g
Lely "mehd f de yi g", a lgical rule f i fere ce ai g ha frm
prpii  if P he Q a d  Q, he  e ca c clude  P.

mdu vive di
mehd f livi g
A accmmdai

bewee

diagreei g parie  allw life  g  . A pracical

cmprmie.

M aerium i e libri e icu civia i e pibu

A m aery wihu b i lie a ciy wihu wealh
Ued i he Umber Ec vel The Name f he Re. Par f a much larger
phrae: M aerium i e libri, e icu civia i e pibu, carum i e
umeri, cqui a i e uppellecili, me a i e cibi, hru i e herbi,
praum i e flribu, arbr i e flii. Tra lai : A m aery wihu b

i lie a ciy wihu wealh, a frre wihu ldier, a iche wihu

ue il, a able wihu fd, a garde wihu pla , a meadw wihu
flwer, a ree wihu leave.

m ai i emper liberi

mu ai eer [are] alway free
Sae m f We Virgi ia, adped i 1872.

M i I ig ia Calpe

Badge f he Rc f Gibralar

mre ferarum
lie bea
ued  decribe a y exual ac i he ma er f bea

mrir i vicu
deah befre defea

mriuri lumu mri

we wh are abu  die d ' wa  
Frm Terry Prache' The La Her

mriuri e alua 

he wh are abu  die alue yu

Ued  ce i Sue iu' De Via Caearum 5, (Divu Claudiu), chaper 21[34], by

he c dem ed pri er ma i g galley abu  ae par i a mc aval
bale  Lae Fuci u i AD 52. Ppular mic cepi acribe i a a
gladiar' alue. See al: Ave Imperar, mriuri e alua  a d Naumachia.

mr cera, hra i cera

deah i cerai , i hur i u cerai

mr m ibu
deah  all
Sig ifie a ger a d deprei .

mr ua, via mea

yur deah, my life
Frm medieval Lai , i i dicae ha bale fr urvival, where yur defea i
eceary fr my vicry, urvival.

mr vi ci m ia
deah c quer all" r "deah alway wi 
A axim fe

fu d 

head e.

mre magi meue da e ecu

ld age huld raher be feared ha deah

frm Juve al i hi 'Saire'

mrui viv dce 

The dead each he livi g
Ued  juify dieci  f huma cadaver i rder  u dera d he caue
f deah.

mruum flagella
yu are flggi g a dead
Frm Gerhard Gerhard' (14661536) [beer  w a Eramu] clleci f
a aed Adagia (1508). Criicii g  e wh will  be affeced i a y way by
he criicim.

m mairum

he cum f ur a cer

a u wrie cde f law a d c duc, f he Rma . I i iui alized

culural radii , cieal mre, a d ge eral plicie, a dii c frm
pecific law.

mu prpri

hi w i iiaive

Or "by hi w
papal bull.

accrd." Ide ifie a cla f papal dcume , admi iraive

mulgere hircum

 mil a male ga

Frm Gerhard Gerhard' (1466-1536) [beer  w a Eramu] clleci f
a aed Adagia (1508). Aempi g he impible.

mulier e hmi i c fui

wma i ma ' rui
"Par f a cmic defi ii f wma " frm he Alercai Hadria i Augui e
Secu di.[35] Famuly qued by Chau ecleer i Geffrey Chaucer' Ca erbury
Tale.

mula pauci
Say much i few wrd

muli e ge ibu vire

frm ma y peple, re gh
M f Saachewa .

muliud apie ium a ia rbi

a muliude f he wie i he healh f he wrld
Frm he Vulgae, Widm f Slm

mulum i parv
much i lile

6:24. M f he U iveriy f Vicria.

C cie e. The erm "mipmap" i frmed ui g he phrae' abbreviai
m f Rula d, a cu y i ce ral E gla d.
Lai phrae are fe mulum i parv, c veyi g much i few wrd.

"MIP";

mu du e eci

he wrld grw ld

mu du vul decipi

he wrld wa   be deceived

Frm Jame Bra ch Cabell.

mu du vul decipi, erg decipiaur

he wrld wa   be deceived,  le i be deceived

mu i haec e alera vi ci

hi  e defe d a d he her  e c quer

M f Nva Scia.

muai mua di

afer cha gi g wha

eeded  be cha ged

Thu, "wih he apprpriae cha ge".

[edi] N

Lai
Tra lai
Ne

aciuru pr iam

a habeur, quie  de cmmdi eiu agiur

The u br i deemed  have bee

br  he exe  ha hi w i heria ce i

c cer ed
Refer  a iuai
i heria ce righ.

where a u br

child i deemed  be e iled  cerai

aura abhrre a vacu

aure abhr a vacuum
Peud-expla ai

fr why a liquid will climb up a ube  fill a vacuum, fe

give befre he dicvery f ampheric preure.

aura ari magira

Naure i he eacher f ar
The ame f he z i he ce re f Amerdam; hr: Ari.

aura ihil frura faci

aure de hi g i vai
Cf. Leucippu: "Everyhi g ha happe  de  fr a rea

aura 

a d f eceiy."

c riaur

aure i  adde ed
Tha i, he aural wrld i

aura 

faci alum ia

 e ime al r cmpai ae.

ec lex

aure de  mae a leap, hu

eiher de he law

Shre ed frm f "icu aura il faci per alum ia ec lex" (ju a
aure de hi g by a leap,  eiher de he law), referri g  bh
aure a d he legal yem mvi g gradually.

aura 

faci alu

aure mae  leap

A famu aphrim f Carl Li aeu ai g ha all rga im bear relai hip

 all ide, heir frm cha gi g gradually frm  e pecie  he ex. Frm
Philphia Ba ica (1751).

aura valde implex e e ibi c  a

Naure i exceedi gly imple a d harm iu wih ielf
Sir Iaac New ' famu que, defi i g fu dai f all mder cie ce. Ca
be fu d i hi U publihed Scie ific Paper f Iaac New : A eleci frm
he Prmuh Clleci i he U iveriy Library, Cambridge, 1978 edii .

auralia  u  urpia
Wha i

aural i  diry

Baed  Serviu' cmme ary 

per auram ve i."

auram expella furca, ame

Virgil' Gergic (3:96): "urpi 

e quia

uque recurre.

Yu may drive u Naure wih a pichfr, ye he ill will hurry bac
Yu mu ae he baic aure f mehi g i  accu .
- Hrace, Epile, B I, epile iv, li e 24.

avigare ecee e vivere 

 ail i

e

eceary;  live i 

ecee
eceary

Aribued by Pluarch  G aeu Pmpeiu, wh, duri g a evere rm, cmma ded

ailr  bri g fd frm Africa  Rme.

e plu ulra

hi g mre bey d

Al ec plu ulra r  plu ulra. A decripive phrae mea i g he be r
m exreme example f mehi g. The Pillar f Hercule, fr example, were
lierally he ec plu ulra f he a cie  Medierra ea wrld. Hly Rma
Emperr Charle V' heraldic emblem revered hi idea, ui g a depici f
hi phrae i cribed  he Pillara plu ulra, wihu he egai . Thi
repree ed Spai ' expa i i  he New Wrld.The B Muical I rume 
Cmpa y e graved e plu ulra  i i rume  frm 1869  1928  ig ify
ha  e were beer.

Nec apera erre 

They d ' errify he rugh  e

Frighe ed by  difficulie. Le lierally "Difficulie be dam ed." M

fr 27h_I fa ry_Regime _(U ied_Sae) a d he Due_f_La caer'_Regime .
Nec = ; apera = rugh  e/hi g; erre  = hey errify / d errify / are

errifyi g.

ec dexrrum,

ec i irrum

Neiher  he righ r  he lef

D  ge diraced. M fr Bihp C By' Schl a d he Bihp
C Girl' Schl, bh lcaed i Ba galre, I dia.

ec pe, ec meu
wihu hpe, wihu fear

ec ame c umebaur
a d ye i wa  c umed
Refer  he Bur i g Buh f Exdu 3:2. M f ma y Prebyeria churche
hrughu he wrld.

ec emere ec imide
eiher recle r imid
The m f he Duch 11h Air Ma euvre Brigade a d Gda , a ciy i Pla d.

eca e m e, deu u ag ce

ill hem all, Gd will  w hi w

aler ae re dii f Caedie e. Nvi e im Dmi u qui u  eiu. by Ar aud
Amalric.

emi e c radice e ( em. c ., N.C.D.)

wih   e peai g agai 
Le lierally, "wihu die ". Ued epecially i cmmiee, where a maer
may be paed em. c ., r u a imuly.

em da qud 

habe

  e give wha he de  have

Thu, "  e ca

pa beer ile ha hey have".

em e upra legi

bdy i abve he law

Nem igiur vir mag u i e aliqu adflau divi  umquam fui

N grea ma

ever exied wh did  e jy me pri f divi e i pirai

Frm Cicer' De Naura Derum, B 2, 167

em iudex i caua ua

 ma hall be a judge i hi w caue

Legal pri ciple ha  i dividual ca preide ver a heari g i
a pecific i ere r bia.

which he hld

em malu felix

peace vii  he guily mi d
Al ra laed  "  peace fr he wiced." Refer  he i here 
pychlgical iue ha plague bad/guily peple.

em me impu e lacei

  e prve me wih impu iy

M f he Order f he Thile, a d c eque ly f Scla d, fu d amped
 he milled edge f cerai Briih pu d erli g ci . I i he m f
he M rer i he Edgar Alla Pe hr ry "The Ca f Am illad".
M f he Sa Beda Cllege Bea Sigma Fraer iy.

em mralium m ibu hri api

N mral i wie a all ime
The wie may mae miae.

em

ii per amiciiam cg ciur

N  e lear  excep by frie dhip

Ued  imply ha  e mu lie a ubjec i rder  udy i.

em ala briu

Nbdy da ce ber
The hr a d mre cmm frm f "Nem e im fere ala briu, ii fre
i a i", "Nbdy da ce ber, u le he i cmpleely i a e."

em e eur eipum accuare

  e i bu d  accue himelf

A maxim ba i g ma dary elf-i crimi ai . Near-y  ymu wih accuare em

e debe ii cram De. Similar phrae i clude: em e eur armare
adverarium c ra e (   e i bu d  arm a pp e  agai  himelf),
mea i g ha a defe da  i  bligaed  i a y way ai he precur 
hi w derime ; em e eur edere i rume a c ra e (   e i bu d 
prduce dcume  agai  himelf, mea i g ha a defe da  i  bligaed 
prvide maerial  be ued agai  himelf (hi i rue i Rma law a d ha
urvived i mder crimi al law, bu  l ger applie i mder civil law); a d
em e ere prdere eipum (   e i bu d  beray himelf), mea i g ha a
defe da  i  bligaed  eify agai  himelf.

erv belli, pecu iam i fi iam

E dle m ey frm he i ew f war
I war, i i ee ial  be able  purchae upplie a d  pay rp (a
Naple pu i, "A army marche  i mach").

ihil ad rem

hi g  d wih he pi 

Tha i, i law, irreleva  a d/r i c eque ial.

ihil b i i e labre

hi g achieved wihu hard wr

M f Palmer

Nrh By' High Schl

ihil dici
he ay hi g
I law, a decli ai

by a defe da   a wer charge r pu i a plea.

ihil vi

hi g f he ew
Or ju " hi g ew". The phrae exi i w veri : a

ihil vi ub le

( hi g ew u der he u ), frm he Vulgae, a d a ihil vi ii cmmu e
c e u ( hi g ew u le by he cmm c e u), a 1505 law f he
PlihLihua ia Cmm wealh a d  e f he cr er e f i Glde
Libery.

ihil ba

hi g preve 
A ai , uually 

a ile page, i dicai g ha a Rma Cahlic ce r ha

reviewed he b a d fu d hi g bjeci able  faih r mral i i
c e . See al imprimaur.

Nihil i e De
Nhi g wihu Gd
The m f he Ki gdm f Rma ia, while ruled by he Hhe zller -Sigmari ge
dy ay (18781947).

Nihil Ulra
Nhi g Bey d
The m f S. Xavier' Cllege, Calcua.

il admirari
be urpried a hi g
M f he Fizgibb

family. See Jh FizGibb , 1 Earl f Clare

il depera dum

hi g mu be depaired a

Tha i, " ever depair".

Nil igiur mr e ad 

Deah, herefre, i hi g  u
Frm Lucreiu' De rerum aura (O he Naure f Thi g), III.831

il mralibu ardui e

hi g i impible fr huma i d

Frm Hrace' Ode. M f Raheale Cllege, New Zeala d a d Bru  Schl,
E gla d.

il ii b um
(abu he dead ay) hi g u le (i i) gd
Shr fr il ii b um de mrui dicere. Tha i, "D ' pea ill f a y e
wh ha died". Al "Nil mag um ii b um" ( hi g i grea u le gd),
m f S Caheri e' Schl, Tra, Pe a  Hill High Schl a d Pei
Semi aire Higher Sec dary Schl.

il ii mali errri

 errr, excep  he bad

The m f The Ki g' Schl, Macclefield.

il per , rarely 

per  ( .p..)

hi g hrugh he muh

Medical hrha d i dicai g ha ral fd a d fluid huld be wihheld frm
he paie .

il ai

ii pimum

hi g [i] e ugh u le [i i] he be

M f Ever

F.C., reide  f Gdi

Par, Liverpl.

il i e labre

hi g wihu labur

M f Briba e Grammar Schl, Briba e Girl Grammar Schl, Gree wich
Public Schl, Vicria Schl, Bai e High Schl a d S Mu g' Academy

il i e umi e

hi g wihu he divi e will

Or " hi g wihu prvide ce". Sae m f Clrad, adped i 1861.
Prbably derived frm Virgil' Ae eid B II, li e 777, "  haec i e umi e
divum eve iu " (hee hi g d  cme  pa wihu he will f Heave ).
See al ume .

il vle ibu arduum

Nhi g [i] arduu fr he willi g
Nhi g i impible fr he willi g

ii Dmi u frura

if  he Lrd, [i i] i vai
Tha i, "everyhi g i i vai wihu Gd". Summarized frm Palm 127, " ii
Dmi u aedificaveri dmum i va um labraveru  qui aedifica  eam ii
Dmi u cudieri civiaem frura vigilavi qui cudi" (u le he Lrd
build he hue, hey wr  a uele hi g wh build i; u le he Lrd
guard he cmmu iy, he eep wach i vai wh guard i). The m f
Edi burgh a d S. Sephe ' Epicpal Schl.

ii priu
u le previuly
I E gla d, a direci ha a cae be brugh up  Wemi er fr rial
befre a i gle judge a d jury. I he U ied Sae, a cur where civil
aci  are ried by a i gle judge ii g wih a jury, a dii guihed frm
a appellae cur.

iimur i veium
We rive fr he frbidde
Frm Ovid' Amre, III.4:17. I mea  ha whe we are de ied f mehi g, we
will eagerly purue he de ied hi g. Ued by Friedrich Niezche i hi Ecce

Hm  i dicae ha hi philphy purue wha i frbidde  her

philpher.

le  vle 
u willi g, willi g
Tha i, "wheher u willi gly r willi gly". Smeime re dered vle  le ,
au le  au vle  r le i vle i. Similar  willy- illy, hugh ha
wrd i derived frm Old E glih will-he il-he ([wheher] he will r [wheher]
he will ).

li me a gere
d  uch me
Cmm ly ra laed "uch me ". Accrdi g  he Gpel f Jh , hi wa
aid by Jeu  Mary Magdale e afer hi reurreci .

li urbare circul me

D  diurb my circle!
Tha i, "D ' upe my calculai !" Said by Archimede  a Rma ldier
wh, depie havi g bee give rder  , illed Archimede a he c que
f Syracue, Sicily. The ldier wa execued fr hi ac.

" lie e baarde carbru drum"

(Dg Lai )
"D ' le he baard gri d yu dw
Frm The Ha dmaid' Tale by Margare Awd he prag i (Offred) fi d he
phrae i cribed  he i ide f her wardrbe. O e f ma y varia  f
Illegiimi  carbru dum.

lle prequi
 be u willi g  precue
A legal mi
i

by a precur r her plai iff  drp legal charge, uually

excha ge fr a diveri

l c e dere
I d  wih  c e d

prgram r u-f-cur eleme .

Tha i, "  c e". A plea ha ca be e ered  behalf f a defe da  i a

cur ha ae ha he accued de ' admi guil, bu will accep
pu ihme  fr a crime. Nl c e dere plea ca  be ued a evide ce i
a her rial.

me dubium
dubful ame
A cie ific ame f u  w r dubful applicai .

me e me

he ame i a ig
Thu, "rue  i

me

ame".

eci (N.N.)

I d   w he

ame

Thu, he ame r per

me

i quei

i u  w .

udum

aed ame
A purpred cie ific

ame ha de

 fulfill he prper frmal crieria a d

herefre ca  be ued u le i i ubeque ly prped crrecly.

bi i idem

 wice i he ame hi g

A legal pri ciple frbiddi g duble jepardy.

caua pr caua

 he caue fr he caue

Al  w a he "quei able caue" r "fale caue". Refer  a y lgical
fallacy where a caue i i crrecly ide ified.

cmp me i

 i c rl f he mi d
See cmp me i. Al re dered  cmp ui (  i c rl f himelf).
Samuel Jh  , auhr f he fir E glih dici ary, herized ha he wrd
i cmpp may derive frm hi phrae.

c a

i i

 cerai

Ued  explai cie ific phe me a a d religiu advcai , fr example i
medieval hiry, fr ruler  iue a 'N C a' decree, ba i g he
wrhip f a hly figure. I legal c ex, ccai ally a baci g fr ulli g
i frmai ha wa pree ed by a ar ey. Wihu a y a gible prf, N
c a i frmai i difficul  argue fr.

ducr, duc

I am  led; I lead
M f S Paul ciy, Brazil. See al pr Brailia fia  eximia.

exi gueur

hall  be exi guihed

M f he Sciey f A iquarie f L d
 wledge emblem

accmpa yi g heir Lamp f

facia malum u i de fia b um

yu huld  mae evil i rder ha gd may be made frm i
Mre imply, "d ' d wr g  d righ". The direc ppie f he phrae
"he e d juify he mea ".

impedii rai e cgiai i

u e cumbered by he hugh prce

m f radi hw Car Tal

i lege d ed i i ellige d legi c iu 

he law depe d  

bei g read, bu 

bei g u derd

lique

i i

 prve

Al "i i  clear" r "i i  evide ". A meime c rverial

decii ha ded dw by a judge whe hey feel ha he law i  cmplee.

lqui ed facere

 al bu aci

M f he U iveriy f Weer Auralia' E gi eeri g faculy ude 
ciey.

mihi lum

 fr myelf al e

M f A der

Ju ir Cllege, Si gapre.

mula ed mulum

beer have le bu beer

N

bi Dmi e

N  u (h) Lrd

Chriia hym baed 

palm 115.

bi lum

 fr urelve al e

Appear i Cicer' De Officii B 1:22 i he frm 

bi lum ai umu

(we are  br fr urelve al e). M f Lwer Ca ada Cllege, M real
a d U iveriy Cllege, Durham U iveriy.

 ba e veredic
 a di g i he way f a verdic
A judgme  wiha di g verdic, a legal mi ai g he cur  revere
he jury' verdic  he gru d ha he jury culd  have reached uch a
verdic rea ably.

 le
i de ' mell
See pecu ia  le.

 m i mriar
I hall  all die
"N all f me will die", a phrae exprei g he belief ha a par f he
peaer will urvive bey d deah.

plu ulra

hi g furher bey d

he ulimae

pumu

 pible

prgredi e regredi

  g frward i  g bacward

prequiur

he de  prceed
A judgme  i favr f a defe da  whe he plai iff failed  ae he
eceary ep i a aci wihi he ime allwed.

 chlae, ed viae dicimu

We lear

 fr chl, bu fr life

frm Se eca; meime abbreviaed "  chlae, ed viae"; m f ma y

chl.

qui ed quid

 wh bu wha

Ued i he e e "wha maer i  wh ay i bu wha he ay" a war i g
agai  ad hmi em argume ; freque ly ued a m.

 equiur
i de  fllw
I ge eral, a cmme  which i aburd due   mai g e e i i c ex
(raher ha due  bei g i here ly  e ical r i er ally i c ie ),
fe ued i humr. A a lgical fallacy, a c clui ha de  fllw
frm a premie.

 erviam
I will  erve
Pibly derived frm a Vulgae mira lai

f he B f Jeremiah. Cmm ly

ued i lieraure a Saa ' aeme  f dibedie ce  Gd, hugh i he

rigi al c ex he que i aribued  Irael,  Saa .

 ibi
N fr elf
A lga ued by ma y chl a d u iveriie.

 ibi, ed pariae

N fr elf, bu fr cu ry
E graved  he dr f he U ied Sae Naval Academy chapel; m f he
USS Halybur (FFG-40).

 ibi, ed ui

N fr  e' elf bu fr  e' w
A lga ued by ma y chl a d u iveriie.

 ibi, ed m ibu

N fr  e' elf bu fr all

A lga ued by ma y chl a d u iveriie.

 ic drmi, ed vigila

Sleep  bu i awae
Mari Luher 

mraliy f he ul.

 ilba, ed a har; De vi dice

N fr elf, bu fr her; Gd will vi dicae
A lga ued by he Ku Klux Kla

 um quali eram

I am  uch a I wa
Or "I am  he i d f per

I  ce wa". Expree a cha ge i he peaer.

 e ea aurum um qud ple de u aurum

D  hld a gld all ha hi e a gld
Al, "All ha glier i  gld." Shaepeare i

The Mercha  f Ve ice.

 imeb mala
I will fear  evil
Pri ed  he cl i Super aural.

vera ed v

N yur bu yu

M f S Chad' Cllege, Durham.

vi, ed verb

N hrugh vile ce, bu hrugh he wrd al e

Mari Luher 

Cahlic church refrm. (ee Prea  Refrmai )

ce e ipum
 w hyelf
Frm Cicer, baed  he Gree (g thi s
aut ), i sci
d  th

p as  th
T
mpl
 Apll at D
lphi, accdi g t th
G

 p
i
g
tic
it
 Pausa ias (10.24.1). A  -taditi al Lati 
d
i g, t
m
t sc

(thi
 s
l  ), is ta slat
d i Th
Matix as "  thys
l".

st
 sti
Lit
ally "Ou us"
Appximat
ly "Ou h
ats 
at as 
."

sus d
cipi

ch
at
As ta slat
d i Amazi g Gac
(2006 ilm), "
ch
at." Fm v
 d
cip

: t

s a
, tap, 
guil
, d
c
iv
, ch
at.

ta 

( ..)
ma 
ll
That is, "pl
as
t
"  " t
it 
ll".

vus d s
clum

 d
  th
ag
s
Fm Vigil. Mtt 

th
G
at S
al  th
U it
d Stat
s. Simila t Nvus Od

Mu di (N
 Wld Od
).

ulla di
s si
li
a
Nt a day ithut a li
da
Pli y th
Eld
 attiut
s this maxim t Ap
ll
s, a a ci
t G

 atist.

ulla p
a si
l
g

 p
alty ithut a la

R

s t th
l
gal pi cipl
that 
ca t 
pu ish
d  di g sm
thi g
that is t phiit
d y la, a d is 
lat
d t Nullum cim
, ulla p
a si

pa
via l
g
p
ali.

ulla t
aci i via
st via

F th
t
acius,  ad is impassal

Mtt  th
Dutch ca uild
 Spy
.

ullam 
m atam

 thi g 
That is, " thi g". It has 

th
iz
d that this
xp
ssi is th
igi 
Italia ulla, F
ch i
, a d Spa ish a d Ptugu
s
ada, all ith th
sam

m
a i g.

ulli s
cu dus

s
c d t 

Mtt  th
Cldst
am Guads a d Ni
Suad
Ta spt a d th
P
tia R
gim
t.

Ryal Austalia Cps 

ullius i v
a
O th
d   ma
Mtt  th
Ryal Sci
ty.

ullum cim
, ulla p
a si
pa
via l
g
p
ali

 cim
,  pu ishm
t ithut a p
vius p
al la

L
gal pi cipl
m
a i g that 
ca t 
p
alis
d  di g sm
thi g that is

t phiit
d y la; p
al la ca t 

act
d 
tactiv
ly.

ullum mag um i g
ium si
mixtua d
m
tia
uit

Th

has 

 g
at isdm ithut a
l
m
t  mad
ss

ullus u us si
idula
N Fu
al Withut a Fiddl

Mtt  th
Guild  Fu
ay Vili ists.

um

lum

Gd u light

Th
mtt  th
U iv
sity  Wisc si -Madis . Th
mtt  El

U iv
sity.

um
us clausus
cls
d um

A m
thd t limit th

um
  stud
ts h may study at a u iv
sity.

u c aut u uam

 
v

Mtt  th
Kps Cmma dt
p
, Dutch
lit
sp
cial c
s.

u c dimittis

 yu s
d

gi i g  th
S g  Sim
 , m th
Gsp
l  Lu
.

u c
st i
dum

 is th
tim
t di 

Cap
-Di
m-typ
phas
m th
Od
s  Hac
, Nu c
st i
dum, u c p
d

li
 pulsa da t
llus (N is th
tim
t di ,  th
tim
t da c

tls
up th

ath).

u c p tu c

  th

Sm
thi g that has 
tactiv


ct, is

ctiv
m a
ali
 dat
.

u c sci uid sit am

 I   hat lv
is
Fm Vigil, Eclgu
s VIII.

u uam mi us slus uam cum slus

v
 l
ss al
tha h

u uam 

al

paatus

v
 u p
pa
d,
v
 
ady, alays 
ady


u
tly us
d as mtt
[
dit] O

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

O D
us Eg Am T

O Gd I Lv
Yu
attiut
d t Sai t Fa cis Xavi


 hmi
s ad s
vitut
m paats

m

it t 
slav
s!

attiut
d (i Tacitus, A al
s, III, 65) t th
Rma Emp
 Ti
ius, i

disgust at th
s
vil
attitud
 Rma s
ats; said  ths
h shuld 

l
ad
s ut i st
ad slavishly ll th
l
ad  th
s

O t
mpa,  m
s!
Oh, th
tim
s! Oh, th
mals!
als ta slat
d "What tim
s! What custms!"; m Cic
, Catili a I, 2

iit (.)

di
d
"H
/sh
di
d", i scipti 

gav
st
s; . als sm
tim
s sta ds  it


(i passi g  i cid
tally)

it a us, ait  us

Th
ld ma

di
s, th
ud

is lit
d

Athu Schp
hau


it
 dictum
a thi g said i passi g
i la, a s
vati y a judg
 sm
pi t  la t di
ctly 
l
va t t
th
cas


him, a d thus
ith
 
uii g his d
cisi  s
vi g as a
p
c
d
t, ut
v
th
l
ss  p
suasiv
authity. I g

al, a y cmm
t,

ma  s
vati mad
i passi g

liti pivatum, pulica cuat

Fg
t pivat
aais, ta
ca
 pulic 
s
Rma plitical sayi g hich 
mi ds that cmm gd shuld 
giv
piity
v
 pivat
matt
s  a y p
s havi g a 
sp siility i th
Stat

scuis v
a i vlv
s

th
tuth 
i g
v
lp
d y scu
thi gs

m Vigil

scuum p
 scuius

th
scu
y m
a s  th
m
scu

A
xpla ati

that is l
ss cl
a tha

ig tum p
 ig tius

tt cll
ith a tist
d
c
u illi gly

culus d
xt
 (O.D.)

hat it ti
s t
xplai ; sy  ymus ith

ight
y

Ophthalmlgist shtha d

culus si ist
 (O.S.)

l
t
y

d
i t dum m
tua t

l
t th
m hat
, s l g as th
y 
a

avit
sayi g  Caligula, attiut
d igi ally t Lucius Accius, Rma

tagic p
t (170 BC); Mtt  th
Russia Nl
Family Kas itsy

di
t am
I hat
a d I lv

p
i g  Catullus 85; th

ti
p
m 
ads, "di
t am ua
id aciam
tass

uiis /
sci s
d i
i s
ti
t
xcuci" (I hat
a d I lv
.
Why d I d this, yu p
haps as. / I d t  , ut I 

l it happ
i g a d
am tm
t
d)

di pa um vulgus
t ac


I hat
th
u hly al
a d 

p th
m aay

m Hac

dium th
lgicum
th
lgical hat
d
am
 th
sp
cial hat
d g

at
d i th
lgical disput
s

l
um cami 
(pu) il 

th
i

m Easmus' (14661536) cll
cti  a tat
d Adagia

m
ig tum p mag iic

v
y u  

thi g [is ta
]  g
at

 "
v
ythi g u   app
as mag iic
t" Th
suc
is Tacitus: Agicla,

B 1, 30 h

th
s
t
c

ds ith '
st'. Th
utati is m C a
Dyl
's Sh
lc Hlm
s sty 'Th
R
d-H
ad
d L
agu
' h

th
'
st' is
missi g.

m
i itium diicil

st]]

v
y 
gi i g is diicult

m
vivum
x v

v
y livi g thi g is m a
gg
u dati al c c
pt  md

g

ati

ilgy, ppsi g th
th
y  sp ta
us

Om
s hmi
s su t asi i v
l hmi
s
t asi i su t asi i

All m

a
d 
ys  m

a d d 
ys a
d 
ys

a sphismata pps
d a d slv
d y Al
t  Sax y (philsph
)

m
s vul
a t, pstuma
cat  m
s 
iu t, ultima
cat

all [th
hus] u d, last 
ills
usual i clcs, 
mi di g th

ad
  d
ath

m ia cum d

all ith Gd
mtt  Mu t Lilydal
M
cy Cll
g
, Lilydal
, Victia, Austalia

m ia dicta tia si dicta Lati a

v
ythi g said [is] st g
 i said i Lati
 "
v
ythi g su ds m
imp
ssiv
h
said i Lati "; a m
cmm phas

ith th
sam
m
a i g is uiduid Lati
dictum sit altum vid
tu (hat
v
 said
i

Lati , s

ms pu d)

m ia
xta
s!

I t
p
t
d as "L
t it all ha g ut!", ut i act i c
ct Lati

ith  
al m
a i g[36]
mtt  Th
Ev
g

c stucti

Stat
Cll
g
, Olympia, Washi gt , USA[37]

m ia muta tu, ihil i t
it

v
ythi g cha g
s, thi g p
ish
s
Ovid (43 BC 17 AD), M
tamphs
s,  XV, li
165

m ia m ius
all thi gs t all m

1 Ci thia s 9:22

si m ia icta
i all (th
ds  p
ts) is icti
Ovid

m ia vi cit am
lv
c u
s all
Vigil (70 BC 19 BC), Eclgu
X, li
69

m ia mu da mu dis

v
ythi g [is] pu
t th
pu
[m
]
m Th
N
 T
stam
t

m ia pa
sumu tu l
gitim
acta d
c p
tu i c taium

all thi gs a
p
sum
d t 
laully d
, u til it is sh

v
s

i th
 ds, "i c
t u til pv

m ius id
m
th
sam
t all

guilty"

[t 
] i

th

mtt  Pi
t
 C
lisz

 (almst)
v
y

Ht, usually accmpa i
d y a su , hich shi
s

m ius lcis it ca
d
s

L
t th


slaught

v
yh


Julius Ca
sa's Th
Gallic Wa, 7.67

m is taduct tadit

v
y ta slat is a tait

v
y ta slati is a cupti  th
igi al; th

ad
 shuld ta
h

d
 u avidal
imp

cti s

m is vi tigis

v
y
a tig

mtt  th
102d I t
llig
c
Wi g

m ium gath
um
gath
i g  all
misc
lla
us cll
cti  asstm
t; "gath
um" is E glish, a d th
t
m is
us
d t
us
d ac
tiusly

 us pa di
ud

 p

 us pc
d
di
ud

 pc
du

ud

 a paty t adduc

vid
c
that a cas
is a
xc
pti

p
a m ia
all s
cll
ct
d s  a

auth

t th
ul

p
a psthuma
psthumus s

s pulish
d at
 th
auth's d
ath

p
ai s
uitu
ss

act  di g sm
thi g lls th
act  
i g
schlastic phas
, us
d t
xplai that th

is  pssil
act i th

is t


i g: 
i g is aslut
ly
c
ssay  a y th
 act

p

citat (p. cit.)

i th
 that as cit
d
us
d i acad
mic s h


i g agai t th
last suc
m
ti
d  us
d

p


t viitat

i acti

a d tuth

di g hat yu 
li
v
is mally ight thugh
v
yday acti s

p

laudat (p. laud.)

S

p

citat

p
ius a t
i

l
adi g th
ay ith d

ds
t sp
a ith acti s i st
ad  ds

phidia i h
a
a s a
i th
gass
a y hidd

da g
  u   is

pus a glica um
E glish 

i

mid
y,
sp
cially us
d t d
sci
chuch v
stm
ts

Opus D
i
Th
W  Gd
Cathlic ga isati

a
t laa
pay a d 
This pi cipl
 th
B

dicti
m ast
i
s 
ads i ull: "Oa
t laa (
t
l
g
), D
us ad
st si
ma." "Pay a d  (a d 
ad), Gd is th

ithut
d
lay" ( t 

p th
hym
: "W a d pay, a d Gd is th

ithut d
lay")

a p is

pay  us
"Sa cta Maia, mat
 D
i, a p is p
catius"

a d laa d
y payi g, y i g
mtt  th
Rugy Schl

ati di
cta
di
ct sp

ch

xp
ssi s m Lati gamma

ati liua
i di
ct sp

ch

is 

suicit

th
ld d
s t suic
 th
ld is t
ugh

m Sati
s  Juv
al (B IV/10), 

i g t Al
xa d
 th
G
at; Jam
s
B d's adpt
d amily mtt i th
v
l O H
 Maj
sty's S
c
t S
vic
; it
mad
a i
 app
aa c
i th
ilm adaptati  th
sam
am
a d as lat

us
d as th
titl
 th
i
t

th Jam
s B d ilm, Th
Wld Is Nt E ugh.

is u um

ld
s

i Th
L
g
d  Z

d a cha
ut  chas, cm
s d


 th
ld
st mtts  Cat F

mas y.[38]


mus p i vic
m

L
t us pay, 
 th
th
; l
t us pay 
ach th

Ppula salutati  Rma Cathlic cl
gy at th

gi i g 
di g  a
l
tt
  t
. Usually a
viat
d OPI.

ta 
c
s uam pua it
s

ly is
, h ightly yu shi

Mtt  N
 Suth Wal
s
[
dit] P

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

pac

i p
ac

"With all du

sp
ct t", "ith du
d


c
t", "y l
av
",  " 

s
t". Us
d t plit
ly ac l
dg
sm

ith hm th
sp
a
 
it
 disag

s.

pac
tua

ith yu p
ac

Thus, "ith yu p
missi ".

Pac
m i t
is
P
ac


Eath

pacta su t s
va da
ag

m
ts must 

pt
Als "c tacts must 
h u
d". I dicat
s th
i di g p
  t
ati
s.

palma 

si
pulv


 
ad ithut
t

Als "da
t ty"; mtt 

um
us schls.

palmam ui m
uit 
at

l
t h
v
 i s th
palm 
a it
Achi
v
m
t shuld 

ad
d mtt  th
U iv
sity  Suth


Cali ia.

pa
m
t cic
s
s


ad a d cicus
s
Fm Juv
al, Sati
X, li
81. Oigi ally d
sci
d all that as

d
d 

mp
s t placat
th
Rma m. Tday us
d t d
sci
a y
t
tai m
t us
d
t distact pulic att
ti

m m
impta t matt
s.

paa 
llum
p
pa
 a
Fm "Si vis pac
m paa 
llum" i yu a t p
ac
p
pa
 a si c
i a
cu ty is 
ady  a its

mi
s ill t attac. Ca 
us
d t d
t

suppt  appval  a a  c lict.

pa
s patia

pa
t  th

ati

A pulic plicy 
uii g cuts t pt
ct th

st i t

sts  a y child

i vlv
d i a lasuit. S

als Pat
 Patia
.

Pai passu

ith
ual st
p

Thus, "mvi g tg
th
", "simulta
usly",
tc.

pava su i g
ti
th
small u d
 th
hug

Impli
s that th

a a
u d
 th
pt
cti  th
st g, ath
 tha that
th
y a
i 
i. Mtt  Pi c
Edad Isla d.

pavis imutus t
tais ga dia tutus

Wh

yu a
st

p
d i

littl
thi gs, yu shall sa
ly att
mpt g
at thi gs.

Mtt  Ba ad Castl
Schl, sm
tim
s ta slat
d as "O c
yu hav

accmplish
d small thi gs, yu may att
mpt g
at 
s sa
ly".

passim
h

a d th

,
v
yh


L
ss lit
ally, "thughut"  "
u
tly". Said  a d, act  ti
that ccus s
v
al tim
s i a cit
d t
xt. Als us
d i p
adi g, h

it


s t a cha g
that is t 

p
at
d
v
yh



d
d.

pat
 amilias

ath
  th
amily

O "mast
  th
hus
". Th

ld
st mal
i a amily, h h
ld patia pt
stas
("pat
 al p
"). I Rma la, a ath
 had
mus p
 v
 his child
,

i
, a d slav
s, thugh th
s
ights di dl
d v
 tim
. D
iv
d m th

phas
pat
 amilias, a Old Lati
xp
ssi p
s
vi g th
achaic -as
di g
 th
g
itiv
cas
.

Pat
 Om ipt
s
Fath
 Almighty
A m
di
ct ta slati

uld 
"m ipt
t ath
".

Pat
 Patia

ath
  th

ati

Als 
d

d ith th
g
d
-
utal pa
s patia
("pa
t  th

ati ").

pat
 p
ccavi

ath
, I hav
si
d
Th
taditi al 
gi i g  a Rma Cathlic c 
ssi .

pauca s
d  a


, ut gd

Simila t "uality v
 ua tity"; thugh th

may 

  sm
thi g, at
l
ast th
y a
 gd uality.

pauca s
d matua


, ut ip

Said t 

 Cal Gauss's avit
utati s. Us
d i
Rdg
s a d Hamm
st
i .

Th
Ki g a d I y

pax a
t
 a

t
 al p
ac

A cmm
pitaph.

Pax Am
ica a
Am
ica P
ac

A
uph
mism  th
U it
d Stat
s  Am
ica a d its sph

 i lu
c
.
Adapt
d m Pax Rma a.

Pax Bita ica

Bitish P
ac

A
uph
mism  th
Bitish Empi
. Adapt
d m Pax Rma a.

Pax Chisti
P
ac
 Chist
Us
d as a ish 

th
Hly Cmmu i
th
p
ac
mv
m
t Pax Chisti.

i th
Cathlic Mass, als th

am


pax D
i
p
ac
 Gd
Us
d i th
P
ac
a d Tuc
 Gd mv
m
t i

10th-c
tuy Fa c
.

Pax D
um
P
ac
 th
gds
Li
th
vast majity  i haita ts  th
a ci
t ld, th
Rma s pactic
d
paga ituals, 
li
vi g it impta t t achi
v
a stat
 Pax D
um (Th

P
ac
 th
gds) i st
ad  Ia D
um (Th
Wath  th
gds).

Pax Dmi

p
ac
, ld
ld  mast
; us
d as a m  add
ss h

p
ssi als.

sp
ai g t cl
gy 
ducat
d

pax
t  um
p
ac
a d th
gd
Mtt  St. Fa cis  Assisi a d, c s
u
tly,  his m ast
y i
ta slat
d i Italia as pac



.

pax
t justitia
p
ac
a d justic

Mtt  Sai t Vi c
t a d th
G
adi
s.

Assisi;

pax
t lux
p
ac
a d light
Mtt  Tuts U iv
sity a d vaius schls. Als itt

as "Pax
t Lvx".

Pax Eupa
a
Eup
a p
ac

A
uph
mism  Eup
at
 Wld Wa II.

Pax Hispa ica

Spa ish P
ac

A
uph
mism  th
Spa ish Empi
. Sp
ciically ca m
a th
t
ty-th

y
as

 sup
m
Spa ish dmi a c
i Eup
(appximat
ly 15981621). Adapt
d m

Pax Rma a.

pax i t
a
p
ac

ath
Us
d t
x
mpliy th
d
si
d stat
 p
ac

ath.

pax mat
 um,
g pax amiliaum

p
ac
 mth
s, th


p
ac
 amili
s
I th
mth
 is p
ac
ul, th
th
amily is p
ac
ul. Th
i v
s
 th

Suth
 U it
d Stat
s sayi g, "I mama ai 't happy, ai 't dy happy."

Pax M glica
M glia P
ac

A p
id  p
ac
a d psp
ity i Asia dui g th
M gl Empi
.

Pax Rma a
Rma P
ac

A p
id  
lativ
psp
ity a d lac  c lict i th

aly Rma Empi
.

Pax Si ica
Chi
s
P
ac

A p
id  p
ac
i East Asia dui g tim
s  st g Chi
s
h
g
m y.

pax t
cum
p
ac

ith yu
(si gula).

Pax tii, Mac
,
va g
lista m
us. Hic 
ui
sc
t cpus tuum.
P
ac
t yu, Ma, my Eva g
list. H

ill 
st yu dy.

L
g
d stat
s that h
th

va g
list 
t t th
lag h

V
ic
uld
lat
 
u d
d, a a g
l cam
a d said s.[39] Th
ist pat is d
pict
d as
th
t
i th
 sh p

d y th
li  St Ma's Basilica, V
ic
;

gist

d tad
ma  th
Assicuazi i G

ali, Ti
st
.[40]

pax viscum
p
ac
[
] ith yu
A cmm a

ll. Th
"yu" is plual ("yu all"), s th
phas
must 
us
d
h
sp
ai g t m
tha 
p
s ; pax t
cum is th
m us
d h
sp
ai g
t  ly 
p
s .

p
ccavi
I hav
si
d
T
l
gaph m
ssag
a d pu m Chal
s Napi
, Bitish g

al, up cmpl
t
ly
sujugati g th
I dia pvi c
 Si dh i 1842. This is, agualy, th
mst
t
s
militay d
spatch
v
 s
t. Th
sty is apcyphal.

p
cu ia  l
t
m
y d
s 't sm
ll
Accdi g t Su
t ius' D
vita Ca
saum, h

Emp
 V
spasia as chall
g
d

y his s Titus  taxi g th
pulic lavati
s, th

mp
 h
ld up a ci


his s a d as
d h
th
 it sm
ll
d  simply said  l
t ("it d
s 't
sm
ll"). Fm this, th
phas
as
xpa d
d t p
cu ia  l
t,  a
ly a
s
 l
t ("cpp
 d
s 't sm
ll").

p
cu ia, si uti scis, a cilla
st; si
scis, dmi a

i yu   h t us
m
y, m
y is yu slav
; i yu d 't, m
y is yu
mast

Witt


a ld Lati tal
t i d t V
 a (Italy).

p
d
p
a claud

pu ishm
t cm
s limpi g
That is, 
tiuti

cm
s slly ut su
ly. Fm Hac
, Od
s, 3, 2, 32.

p
d
t p
a i t
upta
th
 ha gs i t
upt
d
Fm th
A

id  Vigil, B IV.

p

By, thugh, y m
a s 
S

sp
ciic phas
s 
l.

p
 a gusta ad augusta

thugh diiculti
s t g
at
ss
Ji i g s
t
c
 th
c spiats i
Th
mtt 

um
us
ducati al
stalishm
ts.

p
 a um (pa.)
p
 y
a
Thus, "y
aly"ccui g
v
y y
a.

p
 adua

th
dama H
 a i y Vict Hug (1830).

thugh adv
sity
Mtt  th
Bitish RAF R
gim
t.

p
 adua ad alta

thugh had , g
at h
ights a
achi
v
d
Mtt  U iv
sity  Bimi gham, M
thdist Ladi
s' Cll
g
, P
th. Als th

mtt  Cla Ha ay.

p
 adua ad asta

thugh adv
sity t th
stas
Mtt  th
ai c
 s
v
al ati s (i cludi g th
Ryal Ai Fc
 th

U it
d Ki gdm) a d  s
v
al schls. Th
phas
is us
d y Lati P
t Vigil
i th
A

id; als us
d i H. Rid
 Haggad's v
l Th
P
pl
 th
Mist.

p
 asp
a ad asta

thugh hadships t th
stas
Fm S

ca th
Yu g
. Mtt  NASA a d th
Suth Aica Ai Fc
. A cmm
vaia t, ad asta p
 asp
a ("t th
stas thugh hadships"), is th
stat

mtt  Ka sas. Ad Asta ("T th
Stas") is th
titl
 a magazi
pulish
d
y th
Nati al Spac
Sci
ty. D
Pu dis Ad Asta ("Fm th
d
pths t th

stas.") is th
mtt  th
Ls A g
l
s Sci
c
Fa tasy Sci
ty.

p
 capita

y h
ads
"P
 h
ad", i.
., "p
 p
s ", a ati y th

is p
 caput.

p
 capsulam
thugh th
small x
That is, "y l
tt
".

p
 c ta
thugh th
c tay

um
  p
s s. Th
si gula

O "

th
c tay" (c. a c tai).

p
 cuc
m vi c
mus

thugh th
css 
shall c u

Mtt  St Jh

Fish
 Cathlic High SchlC, D
suy.

P
 Cuc
m C
sc
s

thugh th
css, gth
Mtt  Lamda Chi Alpha.

p
 cuiam
thugh th
s
at

L
gal t
m m
a i g "y th
cut", as i a p
 cuiam d
cisi .

p
 d
i iti
m

thugh th
d
i iti
Thus, "y d
i iti ".

p
 di
m (pd.)

y day
Thus, "p
 day". A sp
ciic amu t  m
y a ga izati

alls a

i dividual

t sp
d p
 day, typically  tav
l
xp
s
s.

P
 id
m i t
pidus

F
al
ss thugh Faith.

p
 ma
p
 t
am

By S
a a d y La d
Mtt  th
Ryal Mai
s a d (ith small di

c
)  Cla D ald a d th

Cmpag i
s Fa ch
s d
la Mai
.

p
 m
s
m (pm.)

y m th
Thus, "p
 m th",  "m thly".

p
 s (p..)
thugh th
muth
M
dical shtha d  "y muth".

p
 p
d
s

y 

t
Us
d  a c
tai plac
ca 
tav
s
d  
ach
d y t,  t i dicat
that


is tav
lli g y t as pps
d t y a v
hicl
.

p
 pcua (p.p.)  (p
 p)

thugh th
ag
cy
Als 
d

d p
 pcuati
m. Us
d t i dicat
that a p
s is sig i g a
dcum
t  
hal  a th
 p
s . C
ctly plac
d 

th
am
 th

p
s sig i g, ut t
plac
d 

th
am
 th
p
s  hs

hal
th
dcum
t is sig
d, sm
tim
s thugh i c
ct ta slati  th

alt
 ativ
a
viati p
 p. as " a d  
hal ".

p
 ud

y 
as  hich
I a UK l
gal c t
xt: "y 
as  hich" (as pps
d t p
 s
hich 
ui
s

 
as i g). I Am
ica

lss  c stium.

juispud
c
t

p
 
ctum (p)

thugh th

ctum
M
dical shtha d. S

als p
 s.

p
 isum multum pt
is cg sci
stultum



s t a spus
's claim 

y
xc
ssiv
laught
 
ca 
cg is
th
l

p
 s

thugh its
l
Als "y its
l"  "i its
l". Withut 

i g t a ythi g
ls
,
i ti sically, ta
ithut ualiicati s,
tc. A cmm
xampl
is
glig
c

p
 s
. S

als malum i s
.

p
 stip
s
thugh th
ts
Us
d i ills t i dicat
that
ach "a ch"  th
t
stat's amily shuld
i h
it
ually. C tast
d ith p
 capita.

p
 u itat
m vis

thugh u ity, st
gth
Mtt  T
xas A&M U iv
sity Cps  Cad
ts.

p
 v
itat
m vis

thugh tuth, st
gth
Mtt  Washi gt

U iv
sity i St. Luis.

p
 vla su ata[sic]



t sa

Mtt  St Aida 's A glica Gils' Schl a d St Maga
t's A glica Gils'

Schl Th
phas
is t m Lati ut m Da t
's Pugati, Ca t XII, 95,
th
Italia phas
"p
 vla s ata".

p
iculum i ma
da g
 i d
lay

p
ita ma us m
s
xculta

sill
d ha d, cultivat
d mi d
Mtt  RMIT U iv
sity i M
lu
, Victia, Austalia.

p
g
s
ua
adva c
, I ll

m Vigil's A

id IV 114; i V
gil's c t
xt: "pc

d ith yu pla , I
ill d my pat."

p
p
tuum mil

thi g i p
p
tual mti
A musical t
m. Als us
d t 

 t hypth
tical p
p
tual mti

p
s a 
p
s

machi
s.

gata

t pl
asi g

A u 
lcm
, u a t
d  u d
sial
p
s . I diplmatic c t
xts, a p
s


j
ct
d y th
hst gv
 m
t. Th

v
s
, p
s a gata ("pl
asi g p
s "),
is l
ss cmm , a d 

s t a diplmat acc
ptal
t th
gv
 m
t  th

cu ty t hich h
is s
t.

p
titi pi cipii


u
st  th

gi i g

B
ggi g th
u
sti , a lgical allacy i hich a ppsiti
implicitly 
xplicitly assum
d i 
 th
p
mis
s.

t 
pv
d is

plac
t
it pl
as
s

xp
ssi  ass
t.

plualis maj
statis
plual  maj
sty
Th
ist-p
s plual p u h
us
d y a impta t p
s ag
t 

 t
hims
l  h
s
l; als   as th
"yal 
".

plus mi usv
(p.m.v.)

m
 l
ss
F
u
tly u d  Rma
d
c
d
t is appximat
.

u
ay i scipti s t d
t
that th
ag
 a

plus ulta

uth
 
y d
Th
ati al mtt  Spai a d a um
  th
 i stituti s. Mtt  th

Clmia Nati al Amada.

pia d
sid
ia
pius l gi gs
O "dutiul d
si
s".

pia aus
pius aud
O "dutiul d
c
it". Exp
ssi
s
v
s Chuch pups
s.

m Ovid. Us
d t d
sci
d
c
pti

hich

pia mat

pius mth

O "t
d
 mth
". Ta slat
d i t Lati

m Aaic. Th
d
licat
i
mst 

th
th

m
ma
s that cv
 th
ai a d spi al cd.

Pi xit


pai t
d
Thus, "h
pai t
d this"  "sh
pai t
d this". Fm
ly us
d 

xt t th
atist's am
.

s  at,

pisc
m ata
dc
m

t
ach ish t sim
Lati pv
, attiut
d y Easmus t G

 igi

( );

cllay Chi
s
idim ()

pllic
cmp
ss av iudicaatu

gdill d
cid
d y cmp
ss
d thum
Li
as spa
d ith a thum tuc
d i sid
a cls
d ist, simulati g a sh
ath
d

ap . C v
s
ly, a thum up m
a t t u sh
ath yu sd.

pllic
v
s

ith a tu
d thum

Us
d y Rma cds t pass judgm
t  a d

at
d gladiat. Th
typ

g
stu
us
d is u c
tai . Als th
am
 a amus pai ti g d
picti g
gladiats y J
a -L Gm
.

Pl ia R
stituta
R
ith  Pla d

p s asi um

idg
 ass
s
A y stacl
that stupid p
pl
i d had t css. Oigi ally us
d  Euclid's
Fith Ppsiti i g
m
ty.

P ti
x Maximus
G
at
st High Pi
st
O "Sup
m
P ti". Oigi ally a ic
i th
Rma R
pulic, lat
 a titl

h
ld y Rma Emp
s, a d lat
 a taditi al
pith
t  th
pp
. Th

p tiic
s 

th
mst impta t pi
stly cll
g
 th

ligi i a ci
t
Rm
; th
i am
is usually thught t d
iv
m p s ac

("t ma
a
idg
"), hich i tu is usually li 
d t th
i 
ligius authity v
 th

idg
s  Rm
,
sp
cially th
P s Sulicius.

pss
cmitatus
t hav
th
ight t a am
d 
ti u

Thus, t 
al
t 
mad
i t pat  a 
ti u
 c
. I cmm la, a
sh
i's ight t cmp
l p
pl
t assist la
c
m
t i u usual
situati s.

pst aut ppt


at
 it  y m
a s  it
Causality 
t


hc).

t ph
m
a is t
stalish
d (c. pst hc,
g ppt


pst cium (p.c.)

at
 d
M
dical shtha d  "at
 m
als" (c. a t
cium).

pst citum
At
 s
x
At
 s
xual i t
cus
.

pst citum m
a imal tist

st siv
gallus
t muli


At
 s
xual i t
cus

v
y a imal is sad,
xc
pt th
cc (st
) a d th

ma
O: tist

st m
a imal pst citum, pa
t
 muli

m gallumu
. Attiut
d
t Gal
 P
gamum.[41]

pst hc
g ppt
 hc

at
 this, th



caus
 this
A lgical allacy h


assum
s that 
thi g happ
i g at
 a th
 thi g
m
a s that th
ist thi g caus
d th
s
c d. Th
titl
 a W
st Wi g
pisd
.

pst 
stum
at
 th

ast
T lat
,  at
 th
act.

pst m
idi
m (p.m.)

at
 midday
Th
p
id m 

t mid ight (c. a t
m
idi
m).

pst mt
m (pm)

at
 d
ath
Usually 
d

d pstmt
m. Nt t 
c us
d ith pst m
idi
m.

Pst mt
m auctis (p.m.a.)

at
 th
auth's d
ath
Th
phas
is us
d i l
gal t
mi lgy i th
c t
xt  i t
ll
ctual pp
ty
ights,
sp
cially cpyight, hich cmm ly lasts u til a c
tai um
 
y
as at
 th
auth's d
ath.

pst uila ph
us

at
 th
cluds, th
su
Mtt  th
U iv
sity  Zulia, V

zu
la.

pst pa dial

at
 th
tim


midday
R

s t th
tim
at
 a y m
al. Usually 
d

d pstpa dial.

pst sciptum (p.s.)

at
 hat has 

itt

A pstscipt. Us
d t ma additi s t a l
tt
, at
 th
sig atu
. Ca 

xt
d
d t pst pst sciptum (p.p.s.),
tc.

pst t

as lux,  pst t

as sp
 luc
m

at
 da
ss, [I hp
] light
Mtt  th
Pt
sta t R
mati i sci
d  th
R
mati Wall i G

va
m Vulgata, J 17:12. Fm
 mtt  Chil
; mtt  R
t Cll
g

Ista ul.

pst
a c
scam laud


g i th

st

m  utu
g

ati s

Mtt  th
U iv
sity  M
lu
.

pt
st slum u um
Th

ca


 ly 

Highla d
.

pa
mia vitutis h 
s

h us a
th

ads  vitu

pa
m itus pa
mu itus


a
d is 
am
d

pa
sis ut psis
ut imp

s

L
ad i d
 t s
v
, t i d
 t ul
.
Mtt  La cast
 Ryal Gamma Schl.

pa
t
 l
g
m
at
 th
la
L
gal t
mi lgy, i t
 ati al la.

Paga Caput R
g i

Pagu
, H
ad  th
Ki gdm
Mtt  Paha m Middl
Ag
s.

Paga Caput R
i pulica

Pagu
, H
ad  th
R
pulic
Mtt  Paha m 1991.

Paga mat
 uium

Pagu
, Mth
  Citi
s
Mtt  Paha m 1927.

Paga ttius Bh
mia
dmi a

Pagu
, th
mist
ss  th
hl
 Bh
mia
Fm
 mtt  Paha.

p
tiumu

t causa lais

Th
piz
a d th
caus
 u lau
Mtt  Bu l
y Ftall Clu; m Ovid's M
tamphs
s, 4.739
(Lati )/E glish): "Th
Tal
 P
s
us a d A dm
da": 
sluta cat
is i c
dit
vig, p
tiumu

t causa lais. ("

d  h
 chai s th
vigi appach
s,
caus
a d 
ad  th

t
pis
.")

pima aci

at ist sight
Us
d t d
sig at

vid
c
i a tial hich is sugg
stiv
, ut t c clusiv
,
 sm
thi g (
.g., a p
s 's guilt).

pima luc

at da
Lit
ally "at ist light".

pimas sum: pimatum

il a m
ali
um put

I am a pimat
; thi g aut pimat
s is utsid
 my ailiic

A s
t
c
y th
Am
ica a thplgist Ea
st Ht
pimatlgists a d lv
s  th
pimat
s.

pimum mil

ist mvi g thi g

O "ist thi g al
t 
mv
d". S

pimum mv
s.

a d th
slga 

pimum mv
s
pim
mv

O "ist
agum
t,
"caus
" a
"u caus
d

pimum 

mvi g 
". A cmm th
lgical t
m, such as i th
csmlgical

as
d  th
assumpti that Gd as th
ist
tity t "mv
" 
ythi g. Aisttl
as 
 th
ist philsph
s t discuss th

caus
", a hypth
tical igi ata d vilat causality.

c


ist, t t ham
A m
dical p
c
pt. Ot
als
ly attiut
d t th
Hippcatic Oath, thugh its
tu
suc
is paly a paaphas
m Hippcat
s' Epid
mics, h

h

t
, "D
cla
th
past, diag s
th
p
s
t, 
t
ll th
utu
; pactic

th
s
acts. As t dis
as
s, ma
a hait  t thi gs: t h
lp,  at l
ast t
d  ham."

pimus i t
 pa
s

ist am g
uals

A titl
 th
Rma Emp
s (c. pi c
ps).

pi cipia pa t 

pa tu

pi cipl
s pv
; th
y a
t pv
d

Fu dam
tal pi cipl
s 
ui
 p; th
y a
assum
d a pii.

pi cipiis sta (
t 
spic
i
m)


sist th

gi i gs (a d c sid
 th

d)

Ovid, R
m
dia Amis, 91

pi cipium i dividuati is

I dividuati
psychlgical t
m: th
s
l-mati

pi t
mp
pti iu

ali
 i tim
, st g
 i la

 th
p
s ality i t a ch

t hl

A l
gal pi cipl
that ld
 las ta
p
c
d
t v


 this pi cipl
is l
x pst
i.


 
s. A th


am

p ais
t cis

F Gd a d cu ty
Th
mtt  th
Ryal Qu

sla d R
gim
t, a d ma y th
 
gim
ts.

p   pulic

 th
pulic gd

Ot
a
viat
d p  . W u d
ta
vlu taily at 
xp
s
, such as
pulic s
vic
s. Ot
us
d  a lay
's  that is t chag
d .

p Basilia ia t
ximia

l
t
xc
pti al thi gs 
mad
 Bazil
Mtt  S Paul stat
, Bazil.

p D

t Patia

F Gd a d Cu ty
O
 th
mtts  Lyc
um  th
Philippi
s U iv
sity a d ma y th

i stituti s.

p dm

 (
 ow ) om
or o


rv  
 
r
 of  v

rop.

p
rp
v
or for 
b

f of  v

pro El
, pro T
x 

For C r , For T
x
Moo of Bylor U v
ry,  prv
C r Bp  v
ry  Wo,
T
x.

pro f

 pr

for f   f
rl 
Moo of 
or lly Ir Mloo fmly   of 
v
rl  ool,   

Do
 Coll

(B op)  
S ool  
Bro x, N
w Yor.

Cp
Tow , So Afr,   All Hllow H

pro form
for form
Or "  m
r of form". Pr
rb   
 form or pro
r
, or p
rform
 


 m
r.

pro lor
 pr

for lory   f
rl 
Moo of Pr

pro  v

for   oo
R

 of  
or o llow  o-of-
lwy
r o r
pr

  l
.

pro ml
for m y
I  pr of 
R
of Co 
ro of 
w
 W

r C r y
ro ,  pr of 
M.

pro pr
for o ry
Pro Pr M
l: for op
ro l 
rv
(m mm 55 y)  
f

of 

R
pbl So Afr or  
pr
v
o or ppr
o of 
rrorm; 

for 
Bor
r Wr (o 
r- r
y op
ro   So W
 Afr 196689)
  for mp   A ol (197576   198788). Moo of T
Royl C 
R
m
, Royl So Arl R
m
   Hrlo
Arlrl H S ool.

pro pr vl 

w fl for 
o ry

Moo of 
U 
 S
 Army S l Corp.

pro p
r
for 
lf

o 
f
 o

lf  or w o o 
l; bbr
vo of propr p
ro . S


lo: pro 
.

pro r
for 
r

.
., proporo 
ly.

pro r

 (PRN, pr )

for        b

bor

M
l  or   for " 
oo r
" or "


". Alo "o 
r  
 m
r v  om
 o b
 ". U
 o 
rb
 m

  of  p
l
Pr
by
ry or A
mbly ll
 o  om
  
w,   w  w pr
voly

 for


(l
rlly: "o 
r    m
r v  b

bor ").

pro r


 l


for     
lw
Fo  o 
L

 o of rm.

pro 

for o

lf

o 
f
 o

lf  or w o o 
l. Som
jro  pr
f
r, "pro
p
r".

pro o
 lbor

for y   wor

pro  o

for o m
D
o
 om
      o ly b

prlly flfll
. A p loop l 
rm
   

p 
of  
ory or 
 w o flly 
p  


xpl o .

pro 
mpor

for 
m

Evl
 o E l p r
"for 
m
b
 ". D
o
  
mporry rr

o .

probo p


  of 
p

A M

vl L 
rm for br
   
w p
.

prob p
o
I m op

for o
 p
opl

Tro lly  rb
 bov
 y 
or bov

fro 
r 
of 

w
ll  or pl
of l
r  .

pro

m o p
To Aompl R
r T  To B
Co po
Moo of Mm U v
ry.

propr m  (p.m.)
"by o
 ow  ".

prop
r vm vv
 p
r
r


o 
roy 
r
o  for lv  for 

of lf

T  , o  
r lf
 prpo
j  or
r o y lv
,   lv

m
  l
 lf
. From Jv
l, Syro VIII, v
r
 8384.

prov
o  lm

l  forwr  o 


p

Moo of M
morl U v
ry of N
wfo l ,  w
ll  of 
b  30 S
o 

o Mr..

proxm



m

x
T
r
r-p.

proxmo m

(prox.)

 
follow  mo 
Form
rly 
  forml orr
po 

o r
f
r o 

x mo  . U
 w
l. ("l mo  ")    . ("  mo  ").

pl rm
 porm om m

B
y  for 
f
w
From Fr
r N
z
 1895 boo T
A  r, r l
 by H. L. M


 "F
w m

r

obl
".

plv
 mbr m

w
r
    ow
From Hor
, Crm  boo IV, 7, 16.

p m l

l
p  po 
T , 


l or mo
[
] Q

L
Tr lo
No


obl
po . T
l
 po .

 
f o

by vr
of 
f o
T : "by 
f o "; vr  of p
r 
f o
m; om
m
 
 
G
rm -p
  o r
. Oo lly mr

r
  " 
f o
m".

 p
 orb
 fr  
worl
x

Moo of 
Royl N

rl  Mr
Corp



pro   l ml v 

w  lo


o 
fl
lp w

ml


Ov, R
m
 mor


m
  v
r
w o
v
r  r

Moo of Nor w

r U v
ry   S. Fr  Xv
r U v
ry. Alo moo
of 
U v
ry of Alb
r  "
m
v
r". T
from P lpp  4:8 of


Bbl


m
v
r o
m

T
 m
w o
v
r  r

Moo of S. Jo
p  Coll

, Emo o

 
U v
ry of Alb
r.


r

o 


Or "yo m  ..." U
 o 
 ob or o  o
o o 
r w

r
om
    orr
. Of
 ro
 r
orl or  
l 
o .


r
prmm r
 m D




 y
fr 
 om of Go
Alo 
r
prmo r
 m 
. Moo of N
wfo l    Lbror. Moo of
S
lfor Grl Grmmr, S Colmb  Coll

,   P l rmo  A
my of
Bolo .

l rf
x p
r
o

A w    of r o I p
r ?
Or "W   rfm 
  m
!" Arb
 o N
ro  S
o  D
v
C
rm.

m b

o  m

ow w
ll, o ow m .
Moo of Mo  Royl U v
ry, Clry, C 

m b

vv r
f
rr
(or r
f
r), o m 

  ow w
ll yo lv
  m
r, o ow lo 
S

, Epl
morl
  Llm CI (101)

m (
) b



r

 lo  
 ll v
b
v
 w
ll (l
l L )
I.
., "[w l
o ] oo b
vor." So for
xmpl

A of S
l
m
 1701
pl
   j
 ommo  r
vl m 
b



r  (r 
oo b
vor). (No

ff
r
  lr, "

r",   plrl,
"

r ", form.) I w from   p r
  Fr  H
rb
r
xr
 

m
for 
B

G

r 
r oo  
D
ov
l.

 m lb
 (.l.)

 m  pl


M
l  or   for " m  yo w ".

 m ff ()

 m  
o
M
l  or   for " m 


" or " m  wll ff
".


or ( )

v
ry or

M
l  or  . Alo 

(), "
v
ry y", 
m
(m), "
v
ry
mor  ",   
o
( ), "
v
ry  ".

r
lm fr

w
r
for

bro

lo

A o of r
p;   ll
, by r
o 
wr 
m  
p
ro
mmo
 o  w
r o w
r
for

bro

lo
(r
lm fr
), .
.
w y
omm
   r
p.


r  
()

for m
  y
M
l  or  .


m 
 vl p
r
r
, 
m
 pr

W om 
o wol 
roy, 
y fr m
 


m  l  l

 morr

w om 
o lov

 yo 
O
r r lo  of l   l
"prz

p
lly" or "


m". From
Pl, B 
, IV, 7, 18. I   om ply,  r 
rv  y  

o    m
r. T
r
 of 



r
: m vl
 
 p

("w l


l y, p
r
pv
  w
").


o  r

I  w  lw?
From 
Smmo
r  
o
Tl
, l
648.

of C 
r  G

rl Prolo
o T
C 
rbry

 b

  b or

w o   w
ll pr
 w

From S. A
of Hppo  omm
ry o Plm 74, 1: Q
m   l
m,
o olm l, 

m lr
r l ("H
w o   pr
, o o ly
pr
, b pr
 joyflly").

 bo o
w o w oo
Commo o 
l Do L mr

r  of 
L
b

f?").

p r
 bo o ("w o

 o

  or 

"H
  

 , o 
  "
Moo of 
U v
ry of C

r. T
mor
l
rl r lo  "L
  o

w o 
 , 
 " or "L
 


r 
 ".

 b
 r
 
 

w o 
r o
r  ll
r
"L

  
r o
r, l
 m
r"; Mr 4:9

 
 o 
r
v
r

w o  l
  
o r


T , l

v
 o 
. Som
m
 omp 
 by 
provo "b lo

b  po",   , "w

o  o v
po
  w bl
o".

 m pro om o r

m pro 
po   pr

r

w o br   o for 
   w
ll  for m
lf
G

rlly  ow   m,   

 l l
l 
rm for 
 

m
  m  
f

rl Fl
Clm A   llow p
ro   

 w

v

of fr   f

rl prorm or o r o 

wro o
r o
b
lf of 
Gov
r m
.

 om vl om p
r

w o w 
v
ry   lo

v
ry  
Arb
 o S

.

 r l 


w o r pl 
 ll  

Or "
w o bro   ro ll ppor ", m
   Go. S
moo of

Co
. Or lly wr
 
  r l  1639.

 m xor
m
m por
vr
v
ll


b


 ol w
v
 wf
o b
fr

from po
Arb
 o Jl C
r by Plr , C
r 10. Tr l
 loo
ly 
"b


v

wf
of C
r my o b
p

". A 
f
 of Bo 
D
,  r
 f
vl for f
ml
 o ly, w  w b
 
l  
Dom
Pbl, 
om
of 
Po f
x Mxm, C
r,   o
 by  
o 
wf
, Pomp
, 
ooro pol Clo rrv
  
. C  by

or
 obl
wom
, Clo fl
 b
for

y ol ll m o 
po for

rl

. I 

  rl, ll
o  ro
  Pomp
   Clo w
r

v   ffr,   w l
C
r 
r
     w o 

  o
b l
v

ro

  o
rw
,

v
r
l
 vor
, w
  oo 
xpl o .

 b 

o ob

w   b   o
   
r
I 

o probl
m o v
oo m of om
  .

 
W   o  o ?
W   pp
 ? W   o  o ? W   

w? W   p?


 v
r

W   r ?
I 
Vl
r lo of Jo 18:38, Pl
 
o o J
 (Gr

:
;). A pob
 w
r    grm of h
phr
:
 vr u
d
, "  h
m who  h
r
."

ud  f 
 umu

Wh r
w
,  bu ch of bb
?
Commo y u
d by Noc
r C . y o ym - "o hrow dow o
 gu 
."

ud ov
x Afrc

Wh of h

w ou of Afrc?

L
 
ry, "Wh'
w from Afrc?" D
rv
d from  Aro
uoo .

ud u c
Wh

ow?

Commo y hor

d o ud u c. A 

ou ,  ud u c   buybody or  gop.

Prck Cmpb
 work
d for h
Irh m
 u d
r h
p
udo ym "Qud u c".

ud pro uo

wh for wh
Commo y u
d  E gh,   o r 
d  "h for h" or " h g
for  h g". Sg f
  fvor
xch g
d for  fvor. h
rdo  L

xpr
o for h m
  g w do u d
 ("I gv
, o h you my gv
").

udud L
dcum  um vd
ur

wh
v
r h b

d  L 

m d

p
Or " yh g d  L ou d profou d". A r
c
 ro c L phr
o
pok
fu  p
op
who 

m o u
L phr
  d uoo  o y o mk

h
m
v
 ou d mor
mpor  or "
duc
d". Smr o h

 commo om 
dc foror  dc L .

u
 o mov
r

do ' mov


d h g

Qu cuod
 po cuod
?

Who w gurd h
gurd h
m
v
?
Commo y oc
d wh Po who  h
R
pubc po
 h u
o ;  d from
Juv
' O Wom
, r
f
rr g o h
prcc
of hv g
u uch gurd wom
 d
b
g  g wh h
word 
d ("bu"). Uuy r 
d 
 
ry,  "Who
wch
 h
wchm
?" h r o   commo
pgrph, uch  of h

ow
r Commo  d A Moor
' Wchm
comc book 
r
.

u 
g
 h
c?

Who w r
d h?

u 
prb?

who w 
pr
u?
Moo of h
Ord
r of S. Prck. Moo of Norh
r

Ir
 d.

u u D
u
Who []  God?
Uuy r 
d "Who  k
u o God?" Qu
o  who woud hv
h
udcy

o compr
hm
f o  Supr
m
B
 g.

uo mpu
o mpu

Som
h g mor
b
yo d p
y
Apocryphy cr
d
d o Borg
, Hou
o Nob H (u uhorz
d Morg

r
r o , c. 1962)

uo
rr d
mo ror

wh
r
h
prov
r
rr
A pu o ''uod
r d
mo r dum''.

uo f f
ru 
wh
r
h
f
 b
r u o
Moo of B
rmud.

uouu
 d
m?
For how much o g
r?
From Cc
ro' fr p

ch I C m o h
Rom S

r
grd g h

co prcy of C
: Quo uu
 d
m bu
r
, C , p
 or?
("For how much o g
r, C
, w you bu
our p
c
?").

Quo Vdmu?
Wh
r
r
w
go g?

I h

of h

r
 f 
of Aro Sork ' V drm
dy Spor Ngh.

uo vd?
Wh
r
r
you go g?
Accord g o Vug
r o of Joh 13:36, S  P

r k
d J
u Dom
,
uo vd ("Lord, wh
r
r
you go g?"). h
K g Jm
 V
ro h h

r o "Lord, whh
r go
 hou?"

uod
r d
mo r dum (Q.E.D.)

wh w o b
d
mo r
d

h
bbr
vo  of
wr
 h
boom of  mh
mc proof.
Som
m
 r 
d oo
y  o E gh  "h
Fv
W", W.W.W.W.W., whch
 d for "Whch W Wh W
W 
d".

uod
r fc
dum (Q.E.F)

whch w o b
do

Or "whch w o b
co ruc
d". U
d  r o  of Eucd' E
m
 wh

h
r
w oh g o prov
, bu h
r
w om
h g b
 g co ruc
d, for

xmp
 r g
wh h
m
z
  gv

.

uod
 (.
.)

whch 

uod

c
rum
 cum

wh 
c
ry  wfu

uod gr 
rur, gr

wh  
r
d whou r
o
If o grou d hv
b

o r
j
c .

gv

gur
my b
d

d whou r
o
for  
ro , h
h
r
r

o grou d

d
d

uod c
 Iov, o

c
 bov

wh  p
rm
d o Jup
r 

o p
rm
d o 

ox

If  mpor  p
ro do
 om
h g,  do
 o
c
ry m
 h

v
ryo
c do  (cf. doub
 drd). Iov (o commo y r
d
r
d Jov) 
h
dv
form of Iupp
r ("Jup
r" or "Jov
"), h
ch
f god of h
Rom .

uod m

wh

ur m
d
ru

ourh
 m
d
roy m

hough o hv
org 
d wh Ezb
h pywrgh Chroph
r Mrow
.

G

ry  
rpr

d o m
 h h whch mov
 or drv
  p
ro c
co um
hm or h
r from wh . h phr
h b
com
 popur og or moo
for pro-  w
b
,  or
xc  d bumc.

uod ur o d Sm c o pr


wh

ur
do


o gv
, Sm c do


o provd

R
f
r o h
Sp h U v
ry of Sm c, m
  g h
duco c

ubu
h
ck of br .

o

Quod crp, crp.

Wh I hv
wr

I hv
wr
.

P
o h
ch
f pr
 (Joh 19:22).

uod vd
(.v.)

whch 


U
d f
r  
rm or phr
h houd b
ook
d up

wh
r
 h
curr

docum
 or book. For mor
h o

rm or phr
, h
pur  u
vd

(.v.).

Quodcumu
dx
r vob, fc
.

Wh
v
r H

 you, h you h do.
Mor
coouy: "Do wh
v
r H
[J
u] 
 you o do." I ruco  of
Mry o h

rv   h
W
dd g  C . (Joh 2:5).

uomodo v


how r
you?

uorum
of whom

h
umb
r of m
mb
r who
pr

c
 r
ur
d u d
r h
ru
 o mk
 y

gv
m

 g co uo .

uo mor v
ru 
u 

b

ho
whom ru
ov
h h
d,  w go o hod g
S

c.

uo cp o 
u

A m y h
d, o m y op o 
"h
r
r
 m y op o   h
r
r
h
d." 
r
c

uo hom
 o 



how m y p
op
, o m y op o 
Or "h
r
r
 m y op o   h
r
r
p
op
".

S r
c
ccuum po , ubu

If you r
cko

ufrgum


rghy, h
r
 hpwr
ck
v
rywh
r
.

Sghy ch g
d from h
Syrco of P
ro ou Arb
r, h uoo
pp
r
d o h
d
dco of Mo ' Lycd,  m
mor of h drow
d
fr
d, Edwrd K g.
[
d] R

L

r o
No


rdx morum
 cupd

h
roo of
v  d
r

Or "gr

d  h
roo of 
v". h
m
of h
"h
Prdo
r' 
" from h

C 
rbury 
.

rr v (Rrm v)

rr
brd (v
ry rr
brd)
A
xrord ry or u uu h g. From Juv
' Sr
: rr v  
rr
grou
mm cyg o (" rr
brd  h
 d,  d v
ry k
 bck
w ").

rr  
 

gurg
vo

Rr
urvvor  h
mm




Vrg, A

d, I, 118

ro d
cd
d
r
o  g for h
d
co

h

g, mor, poc,  d oc pr cp
 u
d by  cour o compo

judgm
' ro 
.

ro 
g
r
o  g of w
A w' fou do

or b.

ro
p
ro 

b
cu
of h
p
ro  vov
d
Ao "Jurdco Ro
P
ro 
" h
p
ro  r
ch of h
cour
jurdco .[42]

ro
o
by ccou  of h
grou d
Or "ccord g o h
o". Ag  g prop
ry rgh o  h g b
d o
pr

c
o   dow
r' prop
ry.



rum
 co ummum

co frm
d  d comp

d

 C o w,  co umm
d mrrg

rum  um
co frm
d o y

 C o w,  co frm
d bu u co umm
d mrrg
(whch c b
dov
d

up
r ro)

r

[ ] h
m
r of
Mor

ry, "by h
h g". From h
bv
of r
 ("h g" or
"crcum c
"). I   commo mco c
po h h
"R
:"  corr
po d
c

  bbr
vo for r
grd g or r
py; h  o h
c
for rdo 


r. How
v
r, wh
u
d  
-m ubj
c, h
r

vd
c
h 
fu co    bbr
vo of r
grd g rh
r h h
L word for h g.
h
u
of L r
,  h


of "bou, co c
r  g",  E gh ug
.

r
bu c  bu

wh m
r  d g hu

h
docr
h r
y obgo  hod o y  o g  h
fu dm


co do   d
xp
co  h
x
d  h
m
of h
r cr
o hod.

r
c

 fd

r
Uprgh  d Fhfu
Ao "ju  d fhfu"  d "ccur
y  d fhfuy". Moo of Ruyo Gr'
Schoo

r
duco d burdum


d g bck o h
burd
A commo d
b

ch u
,  d  m
hod of proof  mh
mc  d phoophy,
h prov
 h
h
 by how g h  oppo
 burd or ogcy
u 
b
. I g

r ug
oud
mh
mc  d phoophy,  r
duco d
burdum   cc  whch h
ogc of  rgum
  ch
g
d by r
duc g

h
co c
p o  mo burd
xr
m
. r 
d from Aro
' "

 " ( 
 opo

po, "r
o o 
mpobl
").

r
o   f m

l
  b o 
 f 

A rm
   r

   f 

r
 of 
   o


 b
  . A  flly,  r
 po Arol


o 

m o v

oo   ll    m

v
 
, b   ll 
r
 of 
 m v
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,   mov
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m o v
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b
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r
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p
opl
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r
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plrl, r
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p
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ly   
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K om of Mry, 
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Form
r moo of H ry.

r
m  

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l

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., "Yo v
 

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r
p
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r
p
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f
 
p

r  (or wr
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of  formo o
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r

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mo
r of y

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m 

r m


r l r


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l
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o for 

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ombo
 or o
r rv
mr
r. "RIP"  ommo ly mr l
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  .

r
rm o o
r


o l
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ff
l, 
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lp ,   Lo o
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r
 


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from 
ommo lw of or m
    
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rr

from 
f     
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l
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rv
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m 
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 by  or. Of
r
f
r o 
l
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p
  o 
 m
r  b

f lly 

 by 
or,   o b

l
  (f. o b  
m   obl
j
opry).

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, o v
rb
"o  p
 lo
r   wor", or "

, o wor"
From rs ("thi gs, acts") th
plual  s ("a thi g, a act") + (" t") +
v
a ("ds") th
plual  v
um ("a d"). Lit
ally m
a i g "thi gs, t
ds"  "acts i st
ad  ds" ut 

i g t that "acti s 
us
d
i st
ad  ds".


s ullius
dy's pp
ty
Gds ithut a 
. Us
d  thi gs  
i gs hich 
l g t dy a d a

up  gas,
.g., u i hait
d a d u cl iz
d la ds, a d
i g ild a imals,

tc. (c. t
a ullius, "  ma 's la d").


spic
adspic
pspic

l 
hi d, l h

, l ah
ad
i.
., "
xami
th
past, th
p
s
t a d utu
". Mtt  CCNY.


spic
i
m
l ac at th

d
i.
., "hav

gad  th

d"  "c sid
 th

d". G

ally a m
m
t mi,
a a i g t 
m
m
 
's d
ath. Mtt  Hm
t

Cll
g
, Camidg


sp d
at sup
i

l
t th
sup
i 
sp d
R
gad
d as a l
gal maxim i

ag
cy la, 

i g t th
l
gal liaility  th

pi cipal ith 
sp
ct t a
mply

. Wh

as a hi
d i d
p
d
t c tact

acti g ttiusly may t caus
th
pi cipal t 
l
gally lial
, a hi
d

mply

acti g ttiusly ill caus
th
pi cipal (th

mply
) t 
l
gally
lial
,
v

i th

mply
 did thi g  g.


stituti i i t
gum

stati

t igi al c diti

Pi cipl

hi d th
aadi g  damag
s i

cmm

la
glig
c
claims


sugam
I shall ais

I shall is
agai ,
xpr
  C r f  r
rr
o  
L
Dy. I pp
r,  
r l,  C rlo
Bro   J
Eyr
,  

pp
wr
o H
l
Br   rv
;   po
m of Emly D o : Po
m (1955) I. 56
("Arr"   o
r m
), I l
w  worm 
o
r y A Sv  p 
by Mrmr
 R
rm C
p

! O Lor ow frl r
w
!;    
l

r of V 
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OED v
 "1662 J. Trpp A oo  Ol & N
w
T
m
 I. 142 Howb

 op
  
 ,   m  wr
R
rm o
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"  
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 rbo  
E l orp.

r

vm m, fl
m m,  o


R
r

yor r
 , for f yo omp
l m
I wll 
ll l


A 
r 
by 
D
lp  orl
r
or
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b of C
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Pr
pro
v 
l, VI-5, r l
 from 
Gr

 of Porp yry (.f. E. H.
Gffor  r lo )   
 by Wllm Worwor   bl
for 
bll "A
o
for F
r".

r
x r
m f
lm


 
v

of f fl  

L moo   pp
r o 
r
 of 
Tr y Bro  N
wor of

Pl   J Cro .

ror mor

ff
 of 

T
ry of orp
 w

ml r
o  

lmb o ff

bo

34 or f
r 
 . O
r   of 
  l
rop  boy 
mp
rr

(lor mor, "ol of 
 ")   oloro (lvor mor, "bl olor
of 
 ").

rm 

, m?
C

yo
lp l  , fr
?

A ro  or r
fl omm
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 follow   f fl or  b
l
vbl

l
.

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or
lorm

l 
r  b    
mo of fool

x
v
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l 
r  f
 py; 

lo LOL

Rom  v
U o 
rbl
Rom

I pro l moo  rb
 o 
S
of Rom
.

Rom

  om
Rom
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o

A  
o lly rbl
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from Mo y Py o  Lf

 

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!", b  lly lo
r
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y o 
o
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ro 
Br    v lz  
pl
wll w   p r
,
p  m, 

ro orr
  L rmmr,
xpl 

of Br . I
o " P
opl


mov
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r
r  
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o  
l
o o     plrl  - r
r   -
;   r
or

o ("o o") m b
 
mp
rv
moo o 
o
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w o  pr
poo  
obj
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f l r
l
of   l
o  
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Rom  
omm.

ro rb or, llo  or, om b formoor, 
mp
r  
loror

r

r   
ro
, w 
r   
ll
, fr
r  
lory  

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v
r

From 
Crm  Br   o  "S p
r m p
lll".

r  rb

A o ry
 
y
G

rlly 
 o r
f
r o  v
of p

  
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 ,
of
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f
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ror 
oro .
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] S

L
Tr lo

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l  
mo r o

l
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xpl  

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 om
.

l  r
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f
)  ffl

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r A
mxm, lo 
 ool moo of W
ll boro S ool.

l popl pr
m l
x
o


w
lfr
of 
p
opl
 o b


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From C
ro  D
L
b, boo III, pr III, b. VIII. Qo
 by Jo

Lo


 S
o  Tr

, O Cvl Gov
r m
, o 
rb

prop
r or zo of

ov
r m
. Alo 

moo of Mor.

lv v
r

w r  
R
f
r o wo
xpr
o     b
 
r  
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r
vl
of 

m
  w  
y or.

Slvor M 
Svor of 
Worl
C r
p
, lly r
f
rr  o J
. T
l
of p   by
Albr
  Dr
r   L
o ro  V .

lvo
rror

 omo
(.
.
.o.)

v
for
rror   omo
App
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m
 of "o  rr
".

lvo o or lo (SHT)

v
for l
of o or

S  S


Holy C r
l
rlly, " oly 
". R
f
r o 
Ppy or 
Holy S

.

  mpl
oly  o


Or "r
 mply".

 

 p

r
w ol
   w wom
Alo  
p

r ( ol
, wom), moo of 
v
rl  o .

 m  orm
Holy of Hol

r
f
rr  o  mor
r
  /or r
 pl
, w   l

r r
, y

lo oly loo .

p
r


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o b
w

From Hor
 Eplrm lb
r prm, Epl
II, l
40. Poplrz
 by 

 K   W   E l 
m
? o 
f

E l 
m
. Fr

ly

  moo; lo 
m
of  Arl H
vy M
l b .

p
 

o for 
w

From Pl. I 
   om
    b
 
roo w o  y

 for

xpl o ,  lo   
l

r 
o wom or ommo 

. Of


x

 o m p
 
 ("
o  b

 for 
w
",
ommo ly r l
  " wor o 
w

o ").

p

 or 

wom   l
r  
Moo of For m U v
ry, N
w Yor.

p


lo

wom  
lo


O
of 
moo of 
A

o  ool  
P lpp
.[43]
Moo of 
M
rv So
y

p

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r
wom   r
Moo of C r r Grl H S ool, N
w Z
l .

p

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wom   vr

Moo of U v
ry of Ho  Ko , Ho  Ko .

Sp
 m
lor ro

wom  b

r   ol
Moo of U v
ry of D
o, Blbo, S S
b , Ep.

p
, px, fr
r 
Wom, P

, Fr
r y
Moo of U v
r 
l Amr, P
bl, C oll, Mxo.




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T

 y
l o  owl


Moo of 
U 
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my.


  lbor

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 ro [ r] wor, or: by m
  of  owl

  r wor, or:

 ro  owl

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Moo of 
v
rl  o 


, 
r
p
r



 owl

, mor
l    bro z

  ow or , probbly p
 from Hor
 o
III (Ex
 mo m
m 
r

p
r
).


 m r
lo

r
lo    owl

 

Moo of S V 
  Coll

, Po Po 



 p

 owl

  wom
moo of Ill o W
l
y U v
ry


 mp
r 

 m

 owl

 
or m
   pro
o of 
Empr

Moo of Imp
rl Coll

Lo o


 p po



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lf  pow
r
S
 or lly by Sr Fr  Bo  M
o
 Sr
(1597), w  
mo
r m
  of
prp r
  

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 or 
 po


 ( owl

 pow
r).


 v 
r


br
o 
r  r
 by 


moo of 
v
rl  o 

o
I  ow

o m

 l r

I  ow   I  ow o  

r
o 
m

 owl

w   wor v 
moo of ow 
f  pbl
r Smll, My r & Comp y

rbm  o o
po
m pm

E 
p
r
blo
 r
 o wr

 r l
 by P lp Fr . From Hor
, Eplrm lb
r 
  (1,
117)[44]   o
  F
l   Tom Jo
; l: "L
r
 or o, w
 ll
wr
po
m w o  o "

o mor v 

by 
 
l of Go  lov

T
moo of Smor
Coll



lo 
lorm
for
v
r  
v
r



, 

r m


b


, b


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v
r
 Vr  v
r
, m
  w

yo op ry , 

yo lo


 p
pr pol pro ob, 
mb 
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B 
m
Spr  
r

  
 ly for , w 
xpr
bl
ro 
Rom  8:26



v 

w 

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  v 
T
"
"  
Holy S

,   
v y r
f
r o 
 
rr
 m b
w


wo pop
.



 pool
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Sy o ymo w S  S

.



  
r


 (.
. loo )  
r
U
  bolol lfo o  
  
r
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m
  o
w  
r or
r rop   xo  ol b
pl
  o. Abbr
v
 
.
 
r.


m
l  

o l
   r

o 
  y
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 llow
 o o rzy
Co 
p
xpr

 by vro  or,   S

, S  A
 
Hor
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prov
rbl r  
Ml

.


mp
r  m
lor
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r   
Moo of 
v
rl  o .


mp
r  
lwy forwr
Moo of 
45 I f ry Dvo (U 
 S
)    
or, 
45
I f ry Br
Comb T
m (U 
 S
).


mp
r r

lwy br  
Moo of Crl Job

  m
of  l
of b

r by D  br
w
ry Crlb
r.


mp
r

m
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p
ro l moo of Elzb
 I, pp
r bov

r royl o of rm. U
 
moo of Elzb
 Coll

, G
r 
y, C 
l Il , w  w fo 
 by
Elzb
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 r 
  royl  r
r.
Alo 
moo of 
Cy of L


r.


mp
r
x
l
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r
Moo of 
K.A.V. Lov  L
v
.


mp
r f
l
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Moo of 
v
rl  o . O
of 
mo w
ll  ow

    moo  
U 
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Corp.


mp
r for
lwy brv

T
 offl moo of 
U 
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mp
r 
m
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Moo of U 
rb
r.


mp
r 
xr
 m olm prof m vr

W
r
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m r
; o ly 

p vr
.
Lor 
Rm
y, Ho
of Lor, 21 J ry 1998[45]


mp
r   
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Moo of 846 NAS Royl Nvy.

 o    



mp
r  v
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Moo of Wrw.


mp
r lb
r
lwy fr


Moo of 
y of Vor, Br Colmb.


mp
r pr
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pr

Moo of 
v
rl  o . O
of 
mo w
ll  ow

 o    


    moo  
U 
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mp
r prm
lwy fr
Moo of C rl
Corp of 
Vr  T
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mp
r r
form 
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 of b
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form


A p r

rv  from 
N
r
R
form
mov
m
  

v


 
ry

D R
form
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ly b  formlly 
  R
form
  
Pr
by
r  r
 oy. I r
f
r o 
o vo of 
r R
form

Pro
  
olo    
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-
xm

lf 
or
r o m   pry of or
  pr
. T

rm fr pp
r

 pr   Joo v Lo

 , B
 ow 
v Zo (Co 
mplo of
Zo ), Am
rm, 1674.[46]


mp
r rm
lwy m 
Moo of S. Jo
p  Coll

, All b, I . Moo of Plm
ro Nor
Grl H S ool, Plm
ro Nor , N
w Z
l 


mp
r b b b

lwy w
r
 
r w
r

A ommo E l -Do L r lo jo
. T
p r

b 
E l r lo   p

o 
l 

L ,

o "lwy w
r  
rw
r".


mp
r vl 
lwy vl 
Moo of 
v
rl  o  (S  
US Ar For
Axlry Cvl Ar
Prol). Alo 
moo of 
y of S D
o, Clfor .


mp
r vlo
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T
moo of So Pol
For
, Sol .

S
 Popl
Rom  (SPQR)

T
S

  
P
opl
of Rom

T
offl m
of 
Rom R
pbl. "SPQR" w rr
 o bl
 r
by 
Rom l
o . I o o b
    
 Rom moo,  r
m 

moo of 
mo
r y of Rom
.


 lo
w 
bro, or 

rl, m
  
L
 l
rlly, " 
w


".


 ro f. ro 

"w 
  m
  "
L
 l
rlly, " 
r 

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 pl
or

 
fll
r m
  
I bbll
x

, 


p
r m
    

 by Go, o  

 by 

m  or.



r
p
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follow 
mo
y
I 
ffor o  
r  w y    my b
pp
  o rry o
xp
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or
v
 l m
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m,   om 
   

p  r of w
r

mo
y  o  my  ow 
b for 
ob
rv
 b
vor. Smlr  pr
o 
p r
 bo o (w o  ?) or  pro
 (w o v 
?), b o

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p r
 orlly l
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x.


ro v


 ml





 o
w o r
l
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poorly 




ro v

b o

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w o r
l

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rvbo f
m
K

p
r of 
f
I wll 

p 
f .


rvm
I wll 
rv

T
 w
r of S. M 
l 
Ar  
l o 
o 
rvm, "I wll o 
rv
"
of S , w

 
l w
r


 by Go o w

r 
y wll 
rv

 f
ror b
 ,  m , J
,  
r Lor.


rv 
rvorm D



rv  of 

rv  of Go
A l
for 
pop
.


p
l v
rb
wor  foo    lf lo 
From Hor
 Ar Po
, "pro mpll
 
p
l v
rb" ("
 row

ow   -flow l 
   foo- -- lf-lo  wor"). A


lf-r
f
r
l jb  lo  wor  

l
ly
lbor
l 
 

rl.

S mo m
m r
r rmp

If yo 

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from 

pp o C rop
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S Pl  C
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v
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From C rop
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 T
Trl Hory of Door F, w
r


p r
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o  , w


v
or
lv
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r
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N
w T
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)

 
r p
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f yo 

  
l fl p
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b

b
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rb
o r 
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Pl  C
rl, Lo o :  mo m
m r
r, rmp
(

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). S

moo of M  , op
 

 

1835.

ov r
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r;  l,  
r
m
m.

f yo  b

r 

pr pl
, 
ll m
; f o, jo m
 follow  
m
Hor
, Epl
 I:6, 6768

 
, p loop  m 


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p yor l

, yo wol v
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r
T  o
 of
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L p loop
r Bo
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l

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r
. I r l
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rlly , "If yo  b


l
, yo wol v
r
m
  p loop
r." T
p r
llr
  ommo

of 
bj v
v
rb moo. Amo  o
r f o  
xpr

 o 
o rry o f. Sr Hmp r
y Appl
by r l
  o 
PM : "If yo 

p yor mo   w
m  v
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r
l
v
r".

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 vl
o (SVV)

f yo r
w
ll, I m w
ll
A ommo b


  for  
 Rom l

r. Alo
x

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o vl
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ll,    oo; I m w
ll"), bbr
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T
pr
f
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l
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l
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If yo w  o b
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p loop
r S

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llm

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pr
for wr
From Pbl Flv V

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R
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prb
llm for om
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L
r Prb
llm.
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r p
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pr
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llm)


 
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pr

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rl pp
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or
, 
p
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rror of p
ll , rmmr, 
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b
pr

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vo o
 
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m
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r
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mply, "y
  

o".

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w
lly f
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w o wol b

Mo-L moo of T
Am Fmly.

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o  b
 

 r  r
  yo  ll o o 
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From Vrl, A

 boo IX, l
641. Pobly 
or
of 
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p r
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v
rl  o .

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r

 from mll b
  
Moo of Sr Fr  Dr

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T 
r
  
r

U
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r
f
r
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pm.

 
mp
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mp
r
r

T    lwy b

,      ll 
v
r b

 
mp
r yr 
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m
of Jl C
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Wl
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m
of Abr m L ol   o ; w

r  w
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r of 


v
  p
. S or
r v
ro from
or l  
mp
r
v
llo mor
m yr  ("  lwy 
 wll om
o
yr "). S
moo of Vr , op
  1776.

 r  lor m 
  p
 
lory of 
worl
A r
m 
r   ll    r
fl

 . Dr  Ppl Coro o ,  mo 
r
m  
pop
of  morly by y    p r
, pr


 by p
r
 
(" oly f
r") w l
ol  b
for

y
  br   pp
r
llr  
p  r
of
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. T   mlr o 

ro of  lv
 Rom rmp  w p
r  m
m
o mor.

 
r
o  l
m o l



[w  ] yor o 

o o rm [w  ] of o
r

Or "
yor prop
ry    wy   yo o o m
o
r ". A l
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mxm r
l
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ry ow
r p lw, of
 or

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r

("
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Or "  lf
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, w

r oo or b,  

r
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 of lv .


r
m


m mo

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o 
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, 
m    v
rl
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moo of 
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ry of Sy
y.


r () or (S/)

l
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lb
l

M
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I 
of 
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r of 
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l
m
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m

l

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L zo of 
E l
xpr
o "l

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". Alo L z
 
l
m
 rm ("l

 ol").

ml mlb r r

ml mlb r
r
mlr    
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of mlr   "

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of mlr   

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fr form ("r r")
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o  form ("r
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. T
 v

form  fo   Pr
l (16 
ry), w l

bj v
form  
by Sm
l H
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r of om
op y,     ow  
lw of mlr.

ml mlb olv r

mlr b 
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mlr b 

U
   

rl rl
 
mry; "l
olv
 l
" r
f
r o 
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of polr or o polr olv
 o olv
polr or
r
p
v
ly.[47]

o polr ol


mpl
x llm v
r

mply  


of r

xpr

  
m
  o K

p I Smpl
, Sp


 o (..)
w o  y
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U
  bblorp 
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of pblo

of  om
 

  ow .




w o  y
Or lly from ol ommo lw 
x, w
r
  
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pov
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m
 

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r l
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r
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f for 
or o o, o o 
for fr
r pro

  


.


r
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w o  
r   fo 

T , mprlly. From T, A l 1.1.


lbor

o
r p  

or

w o lbor 
r
wll b

o br
 

mo


loo (.l.)
w o  pl

U
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pl
of pblo of  om

   ow .


m

"w o f
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Moo of Jm
o



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y

om
(. .)

"w o  m
"

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pbl
r of  om
    ow .


po
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x

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r


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f
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ff
v

 of  lw w o 
m
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for
m



prol

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ly bbr
v
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prol
"

w o offpr ")  

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prol
p
r

W o rvv   lr

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v


mor
 fvor

W o F
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rm)

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or
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r, C  moo


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w o w 

o

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o
om
      

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w ol
. S

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o o 
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r
m
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bl


w o r
m

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rl

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r

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w o  owl

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o  

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I 
r o l Dv  So
y

o v
m

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om
 

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wor y of 

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l
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Boy Coll

(Brb
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v

my 

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l  o yo
Commo ly 
 o rv
o
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o r
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wy 

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 v
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rbo
my 
r
b
forv

 for 
wor
Smlr o 
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my Fr
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ol 
llr o

S

of J
,  
po 

Moo of Ur
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ry

ol l
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 o
v
ryo

P
ro , Syro Lybr 100

ol om  r




rl
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r
v
ry  

I rpo

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r 
o Frombor M
m

ol f

by f lo

T
m
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of 
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formo   o
of 
fv
ol,
r
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Bbl


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 by
f
v
w o wor.

ol r
by r
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A moo of 
Pro
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formo   o
of 
fv
ol, r
f
rr  o

Pro
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r
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x r), o 
r
 r
l of m
r.

ol l  bo 
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o ly oo l 
  
 l 

Exmpl
of o L mor.

ol rpr
by rpr
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T
forml pr pl
of 
Pro
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formo   o
of 
fv
ol,
r
f
rr  o 
Pro
  
   
Bbl
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lm
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o 
pop
or ro .

ol

obl vr

Vr
lo

obl


ol D
o lor (S.D.G.)

lory o Go lo

A moo of 
Pro
  R
formo   o
of 
fv
ol, r
f
rr  o


   Go  
r
or of ll oo      

rv
 ll 
pr

for 
m. Jo  S
b B of

  m rp w 

bbr
vo S.D.G. o  vo
  p r
,  w
ll  w AMDG ( mor
m D

lorm).

ol C r
C r lo

A moo of 
Pro
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formo   o
of 
fv
ol, r
f
rr  o

Pro
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Bbl


   J
  
o ly m
or
b
w

Go   m  . Alo r

r
 olo C ro ("by C r lo
").

ol p

I lo

olvr mbl o
I  olv
 by wl 
T
probl
m  olv
 by    wl, or by mpl

xp
rm
.

Sprm 
;  
xor 

yor lo   

Spr, b
 r
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from Erp
  T
l
p , Am
m o o M

l.[48]

p
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rlb 
ro 

p
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pr from 

rl

p
lm p
lorm

mrror of mrror

p
m r
x

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or
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Moo of N
w Br w.

p
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oo op

Moo of U v
ry of Cp
Tow .

p
 v   ro m
op
o 
r (ov
rom
) 
 ro

R
f
r o R
v
lo 3:21, "To m   ov
rom
 wll I r  o  w m

 my  ro
,
v
 I lo ov
rm
,   m 
 ow w my F
r  
 ro
." O 
Jo W  rop fmly ombo
, Boo , M 
.

pr m 
pr of 
worl
From T
S
o  Com  (po
m) by Wllm Bl
r Y
. R
f
r o Y
 b
l
f
 
 m m   l 
 o   l
v  
ll

,      
 
ll


 
r  v
rl ymbol o pp
r   vl m . T


  mlr o Crl J   o 
p of 
oll
v
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pr b vl pr


pr pr
 w
r
v
r  w 

R
f
r o T
Gop
l of S  Jo 3:8, w
r

m
o  ow J
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No
m "T
w  blow w
r
v
r  w ,  
v
 o yo 
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o
, yo o   ow w
r
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 from or w
r
 o
. T
m
  
pp
 o w om
v
r  b

bor of 
Spr". I  
moo of Cy
 o
H
r
 U v
ry[49]

pl
or 
o
br 
 w o 
 
Loo
ly "pl
or w o m  m
" or "m f

w o r ". Moo
of Br Colmb.

m o r mlo
w
    by
vl
T
moo of 
J l
Prol 
L rmmr b

of  mr
o r 
 
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.
 
vl" wol b
"m o

T
P  om. T
p r
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lo from E l ,  
pr
poo
T
orr
 L r

r  of "w
 
r mlm".

 
p


w     foo
"Imm

ly".

r


o   by 


   
To p ol pr
vo rl , r
o z
pr


.

  


T
r
  y [r ] for
v
ryboy
Vrl, A

, X 467

m ()
"mm

ly"
M
l  or   
 follow   r
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.

 o

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w 

T
rr
 o o or o . Alo  o  
("
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w  [   w
r
] b
for
"), r
f
rr  o 

of ffr pror o om

p
 
v
 (f. r

 bo 
 
).

 o  
b
llm



b
for

wr
A ommo 
rm 

p

r

.



l
   
Mr l mr  proofr
  o  
  om
   pr
voly 
l

 or
mr
 for 
l
o  ol b
r

.


 for  om

l
 
for
of 
o
 
Fr pr of 
moo of Hrrow S ool, E l .

p
m p
 mor



r
wr of   

From C rop
r Mrlow
 T
Trl Hory of Door F. (S

Rom
6:23, "For 
w
 of   
 , b 
fr

f of Go 

r l lf

 C r J
 or Lor.")

r
 r 
 



  y
l o

vor
Moo o 
o of rm of 
U v
ry of So mpo .

ro 
 f. 
 ro
w 
  m
  

L
 l
rlly, " 
r 

".

por m 

wo 
r of 
worl
T
l
by w  Fr

r II, Holy Rom Emp
ror, w  ow . Mor
l
rlly
r l
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b
wl
rm
 of 
worl", or,   or l, pr
-M

vl


, "
py of 
worl".

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by  ow or
L
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rm w

 or 
 p  moo o

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 v
, o b

 y

of 
pr
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moo .

b 

 
r 
y
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Commo ly bbr
v
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     l, w  r
or
v
 by
y
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b r
lm

T
L  U 
r 
Cro
Moo of 
U v
ry of A
l
, Arl. R
f
r o 
frv
"l 
of l
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So
r Cro o 
llo , Crx.

b vo
 
r 
w
op
y
Alo, " 
r 
y", " 
op
r", "o  
op
" or "ooor".
Ablv
"vo" o
 o   v, v,  o, from vm, v, 

y.

b f
m
owr 


U
  o  o r
f
r o 

 of  boo, p
,
.,   bbr
v

.f. U
 f
r 
p
mb
r or l
. E.., p. 20 .f.

b Iov
fro

 
r ol Jp
r
A

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 O
 1.1:25

b j

 
r  j

S of  
   o b
pblly 
  l   f 
. Alo b

.

b po

 
r p
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Commo ly r

r
 bpo
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, lly by  or,   m b

ompl
 w o p of p  m
. Exmpl
  l
bpo
 
 
m
("
w yo  
r p
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r   pro
 bl


v

,   bpo
  
f m (" 
r p
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fy"),  mmo 
o pp
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orl 
mo y.

b ro
 
r 
ro

"I 
r
", "prv
ly", "o f
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rly". I 
Ml
A
, 
ro
w p

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l  of  o l  mb
r o  
  w 
w   
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r 
ro
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r
p

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or 
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of 
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b l
o

 
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mpl
 b

o
xpr
ly 
.

b p



r 

 
r 
  of

r y
T , "from

r y  po  of v
w". From Sp oz, E .

b p

D


 
r 
  of Go
"from Go  po  of v
w or p
rp
v
".

b m pr
m

B

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Nm
of 
ol

x  ym o 
T
ooo (Bl

 Vr Mry). Alo
" 
r yor pro
o ". A poplr  ool moo.

Sb mbr flor
o

U 
r 
 
I flor
No l Moo of B
lz
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f
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of 
m o y r

.

b v
rbo; b vo

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r 
wor or
 ,    o ry; bbr
v
 .v.

blm b  
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wv

Moo of K  Ewr VII   Q

Mry S ool, Ly m

b

rmo
m m

op p
  mm

ly

S


o  

O
o
    o 
S


Sy  from H r
o

 

r
Of  ow  
I  l of  ow .

Mo  

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Of o
 ow

r 

Cpbl
of r
po bly. H bo l
l  
l
l 
. Commo ly

r

r
  jr.

m o
r

I m w  yo wll b

A rv
o
 rpo o r
m  
r

r of 

vbly of 
 (f.
m
m
o mor). Alo r

r
 f o  ("I v
b


f
o
r ("I v
b

yo, yo wll b
I").

w  yo r
")   

m o m

I m w  I m
from A
 S
rmo

No. 76.[50]

mm m l

w 
 pr

mm mmrm

ll 

ll

L
rlly "m of m". W

om

lboro .

  or o lo  ro 
 p  

 of

mmm bo m

pr
m
oo
L
rlly " 
 oo". Alo mmm mlm ("
pr
m

vl").

mmm , mm  r

pr
m
j
, pr
m
 j

From C
ro (D
off, I, 10, 33). A rl pplo

of lw, w o

 
r     r
p
 of lw  prpo
   w o o 
r  
ov
rll

rm 
,  of

 m
  of pr
m
 j
. A mlr 


pp
r

 T
r

(H
o morm
o, IV, 5): I mmm 
p
mm
 ml
("pr
m
j
 of
o of pr
m
ml
(or w

)").

  lrm
r
rm

r
r

r for   
From Vrl, A

. Follow
 by
 m

m morl    ("  morl   
o my m "). A

 r
 


 Cr   
mpl
mrl 
p 


  of 
Troj Wr. S

lo   ll
lrm
.

  om
  m

y r
ll o

  p
r p
r, p
r p
rl r 

C lr

r
 lr
,    lr

o  l   

 o ymo prov
rb

o jr

 o
 ow r 
U
  
o 
x of l
 of obly, for   
w
r
 wf
my ol 
l

r ow r  r
r    ro
r mrr
.

o mo
po o
 ow

 v

Alo r

r
 o moo. Ully 
 w
 or of lw, po  ow
 v
, (.
., o p
o  b

fl
) pro

    p
ro or
 ory    

m  omm
  ll
l . I  
  
fly 
So A.[o


]

o lor
 
 oro 

K owl

row   o
w o 

 H
r
T
moo of Syr
U v
ry, N
w Yor.

p
r for m
o 
lvory
W
r
T om Mor

 
r
form
r, Mr
M.

p
rb 
pr


L
r, of o  o 
l
br

pro
l

bl

Moo of M 

r Cy F.C.

p
ro om 
I rp
v
ry  
A 
lro   o


 bov
ll o
r.

ro opp

r

o b
l b
for


f
From Erm oll
o

of 

o
 A (1508):  
l
 o .

rm
I  ll r

Moo of Colmb U v
ry  P lol
x So
y.

rm or
Lf p yor
r

or,
lr r
pm

Cobbl
r, o fr
r   
 l!
T , o  off
r yor op o

o      r
o
yor omp


. I 

   
Gr

 p 
r Ap
ll
 o 

 
v
of  obbl
r o ow o

r

r 
 l of  ol
r
w p  . W

obbl
r r

off
r  v
o o
r pr of 
p  , Ap
ll
 r
b
 m w  

p r
 Gr

,    b

ly b
m
 poplr L
xpr
o .

m 
rb
r

o r

r o
v
ry m  

O
of J  I   r

b pr

p of lw. Alo  or

 o m 

("o
  ow ").

.v.
Abbr
vo for b v
rbo or b vo
(

bov
).
[
] T

L
Tr lo
No


bl rlor

o rlory bl

A l of o rlo .

bl r
rp
 bl

T , "bl  l
". Rom  
 o wr
o wx-ov
r
 woo
bl
, w 
w
r

r
 by rp  w 
fl
 of 
yl. Jo Lo

 


rm o 
rb

m m   br , b
for
  r
  y  owl

.

l l
j  
"S   " or "  ".

l
r l
r
om
w 

lm D
 r
 m

for of  (ll
 lr
)  
 om of Go
from S Mr  op
l 10:14 "lm (prvl)

m r
 m D
"; mlr 
S M
w  op
l 19:14 "lm

m r
 m 
lorm" ("for of   

 om of
v
"); moo of T
C
rl S ool, Tow vll
.

 m
x  
l
o
m
w
 ow 
lo

by  lw

S  1697 by Jo 
B
r oll bo I N
wo   o ymoly bm

olo o B
r oll   ll

r
r  
Br o ro
rv
.

r
v

b o

To 
l
r
l
f 
bo


T
o
r
po  
 


r

po 
f


T
y  ll yo, b 
y  o
 yo,     
lw.

T
moo of 
fo l E f
l T
 A
my  
Dv Fo
r Wll

ov
l I f 
J
. Tr l
  
ov
l  "T
y  ll yo, b 

l
l
 of
  yo r

 b 
r".


  mp
 o 
T
 oloy mpl


o 

Moo of T
 l U v
ry of Mr


m


o

 ow  y
lf
A r
f
r

o 
Gr

 (g thi s
aut ), i sci
d  th

p as  th
T
mpl
 Apll at D
lphi, accdi g t th
G

 p
i
g
tic
it
 Pausa ias (10.24.1). R
d

d als ith sc
t
ipsum, t
m
t sc

("thi
 s
l  ") app
as i Th
Matix ta slat
d as "  thys
l".

t
mpa h
ica
H
ic Ag

Lit
ally "H
ic Tim
s"; 

s t th
p
id 
t

th
mythlgical
Tita machy a d th
(
lativ
ly) histical Tja Wa.

t
mpa muta tu
t s mutamu i illis

th
tim
s a
cha gi g, a d 
cha g
i th
m
Vaia t  m ia muta tu
t s mutamu i illis, attiut
d t Lthai I. S



ty  d
tails.

t
mpus
dax 
um

tim
, d
vu
  all thi gs
Als "tim
, that d
vus all thi gs", lit
ally: "tim
, glutt us  thi gs",

dax: adj
ctival m  th
v

d t
at. Fm Ovid, M
tamphs
s, 15,
234-236.

t
mpus ugit
tim
l

s
Cmm ly mista slat
d as "tim
li
s" du
t th
simila phas
t
mpus vlat
ha ugit ("tim
li
s, th
hu l

s").

t
mpus 
um imp
at

tim
, cmma d
  all thi gs

t
mpus v
 um
spi g tim

Nam
 s g y ppula Iish si g
 E ya

t
mpus vlat ha ugit

tim
li
s, th
hu l

s
O "tim
sp

ds hil
th
hu
scap
s".

t

 t
Aica
I hld yu, Aica!
Su
t ius attiut
s this t Julius Ca
sa, m h

cast.

Ca
sa as 

th
Aica

t
ta da via
Th
ay must 
ti
d
mtt  Y U iv
sity

t
 i di
(t.i.d.)

thic
i a day
M
dical shtha d  "th

tim
s a day".

t
mi at ha di
m; t
mi at auct pus.

Th
hu i ish
s th
day; th
auth i ish
s his .
Phas
c cludi g Chistph
 Mal
's play Dct Faustus.[51]

t
mi us a t
u
m
limit 

hich
I acha
lgy  histy, 

s t th
dat


hich a atiact 

atu
must hav


d
psit
d. Us
d ith t
mi us pst u
m ("limit at

hich"). Similaly, t
mi us ad u
m ("limit t hich") may als 

 t th

lat
st pssil
dat
 a  -pu ctual
v
t (p
id,
a,
tc.), hil
t
mi us
a u ("limit m hich") may 

 t th

ali
st such dat
.

t
a austalis i cg ita

u   suth


la d

Fist am
us
d t 

 t th
Austalia

t
a ima
slid la d
Ot

us
d t 

 t th
gu d.

c ti
t.

t
a i cg ita

u   la d

t
a va

 la d
Lati am
 N
u dla d (isla d pti  Ca adia pvi c
 N
u dla d
a d Laad, capital- St. Jh 's), als t  F
ch am
 sam
,
T

-N
uv

t
a ullius
la d  

That is,  ma 's la d. A
utal  u i hait
d a
a,  a la d t u d
 th

sv

ig ty  a y 
cg iz
d plitical
tity.

t
as iadi
t
l
t th
m illumi at
th
la ds
O "l
t th
m giv
light t th
ld". A allusi t Isaiah 6.3: pl
a
st
m is t
a glia
ius ("th
hl

ath is ull  his gly"). Sm
tim
s
mista slat
d as "th
y ill illumi at
th
la ds" as
d  mistai g iadia

 a utu
i dicativ
thid-c jugati v
, h

as it is actually a p
s
t
suju ctiv
ist-c jugati v
. Mtt  Amh
st Cll
g
; th
cll
g
's
igi al missi as t
ducat
yu g m
t s
v
Gd.

t
tium 

datu

 thid (pssiility) is giv

A lgical axim that a claim is
ith
 tu
 als
, ith  thid pti .

t
tium uid
a thid sm
thi g
1. Sm
thi g that ca t 
classii
d i t
ith
  t gups c sid

d

xhaustiv
; a i t
m
diat
thi g  act. 2. A thid p
s  thi g 
i d
t
mi at
chaact
.

t
stis u us, t
stis

ullus


it
ss is t a it
ss

A la pi cipl

xp
ssi g that a si gl
it
ss is t
ugh t cat
a
sty.

tim
 Da as
t d a 

t
s

I 
a G

s
v

i th
y i g gits

Da as 
i g a t
m  th
G

s. I Vigil's A

id, II, 49, th
phas
is
said y Lac h
a i g his 
ll Tja s agai st acc
pti g th
Tja
Hs
. Th
ull igi al ut
is uiduid id
st tim
 Da as
t d a 

tis,

uiduid id
st m
a i g "hat
v
 it is" a d 

tis 
i g a achaic m 


t
s. Cmm ly mista slat
d "B
a
 G

s 
ai g gits".

timidi mat
 

l
t

A cad's mth
 d
s t 

p

pv
; ccasi ally app
as 

ladi g sc

s i

th
gam
Rm
: Ttal Wa.

tim mtis c tuat m

th

a  d
ath c u ds m

R
ai igi ati g i th

sp s
t th
s
v
th l
ss i th
Oic
 th

D
ad. I th
Middl
Ag
s, this s
vic
as 
ad
ach day y cl
ics. As a

ai , it app
as als i th
 p
ms a d ca 
u
tly 
u d i sci
d 
tms.

ttus tuus
ttally yus
O
i g 
's li
i ttal cmmitm
t t a th
. Th
mtt as adpt
d y
Pp
Jh Paul II t sig iy his lv
a d s
vitud
t May th
Mth
  J
sus.

t
s aciu t cll
gium

th

ma
s cmpa y
It ta
s th

t hav
a valid gup; th

is th
mi imum um
  m
m
s 
a ga izati  a cpati .

ta slati imp
ii

ta s
  ul

Us
d t
xp
ss th

li
 i th
ta s
  imp
ial authity m th
Rma
Empi
 a tiuity t th
M
di
val Hly Rma Empi
.

t
uga D
i
Tuc
 Gd
A d
c

y th
m
di
val Chuch that all 
uds shuld 
ca c
ll
d dui g th

Saath

ctiv
ly m W
d
sday  Thusday ight u til M day. S

als
P
ac
a d Tuc
 Gd.

tu aut
m Dmi
mis


is

But Thu, O Ld, hav
m
cy up

us

Phas
said at th

d  ilical 
adi gs i th
litugy  th
m
di
val

chuch. Als us
d i i
, "tu aut
m", as a m
m
t mi
pitaph.

tu ui
g
is

I as yu; yu ill 
m

Thus, "hat yu a
, I as; hat I am, yu ill 
.". A m
m
t mi gav
st

i scipti t 
mi d th

ad
 that d
ath is u avidal
(c. sum ud
is).

tu
c
d
malis, s
d c ta aud
ti it

yu shuld t giv
i t
vils, ut pc

d
v
 m
ldly agai st th
m
Fm Vigil, A

id, 6, 95.

tu uu

yu t
Th
lgical allacy  att
mpti g t d

d 
's psiti
ut th
sam

a
ss i 
's pp
t.

m

ly y pi ti g

tu

I ill pt
ct
Fu d 

th
G
at S
al 

th
lag  th
stat
 Michiga .

tu ica ppi
st palli

A tu ic is cls
t th
dy tha a cap

tuis tis mihi D
us

Gd is my st g t

Mtt  th
K
lly Cla
[
dit] U

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

u
ima id
s
mst au da t aith
O "utmst gd aith" (c.  a id
). A l
gal maxim  i sua c
c tacts

uii g all pati
s t d
al i gd aith.

u
tas
t id
litas


tility a d aithul
ss

Mtt  Tasma ia.

ui am, ii dl

h

[th

is] lv
, th

[is] pai

ui 

ii patia

h

[it is] 
ll, th

[is] th
ath
la d

O "Hm
is h

it's gd"; s

als ui pa is ii patia.

ui caitas
t am D
us ii
st

h

th

is chaity a d lv
, Gd is th


ui duium ii li
tas

h

[th

is] dut, th

[is] 

dm

A  ymus pv
.

ui jus ii 
m
dium

Wh

[th

is] a ight, th

[is] a 
m
dy

ui m
l ii ap
s

h

[th

is] h
y, th

[a
] 

s

simila t " yu catch m


s ith h
y tha ith vi
ga" .. t
at p
pl

ic
ly a d th
y ill t
at yu ic
ac

ui li
tas ii patia

h

[th

is] li
ty, th

[is] th
ath
la d

O "h

th

is li
ty, th

is my cu ty". Patitic mtt.

ui ihil val
s, ii ihil v
lis

h

yu a
th thi g, th

yu ill ish  thi g
Fm th
iti gs  th
Fl
mish philsph
 A ld G
uli cx; als ut
d y
Samu
l B
c
tt i his ist pulish
d v
l, Muphy.

ui 

accusat ii 

iud
x

h

[th

is]  accus
, th

[is]  judg

Thus, th

ca 
 judgm
t  cas
i  
chag
s a d

da t ith a
cim
. Th
phas
is sm
tim
s padi
d as "h

th

a
 plic
, th

is
 sp

d limit".

ui pa is ii patia

h

th

is 
ad, th

is my cu ty

ui pus, ii
vacua

h

th

is pus, th


vacuat
it

ui 
v
a

h
, i a tu
thi g

O "h

as, i 
ality..." Als 
d

d ui 
v
a ("h
, i
actually").

act"  "h
,

ui sci
tas ii ius

i th

's a sci
ty, la ill 
th


By Cic
.

ui slitudi
m aciu t pac
m app
lla t

Th
y ma
a d
s
t a d call it p
ac

m a sp

ch y Calgacus 
pt
d/c stuct
d y Tacitus, Agicla, ch. 30.

ui su t

h

a
th
y?

Nstalgic th
m
 p
ms y
a i g  days g
y. Fm th
li
ui su t ui
a t
s u
u t ("Wh

a
th
y, ths
h hav
g


us?").

uiu
, u as
t glia ducu t

v
yh

, h

ight a d gly l
ads

Mtt  th
Ryal R
gim
t  Atill
y a d mst th
 Atill
y cps ithi
th
ami
s  th
Bitish Cmm 
alth (
xampl
, th
Ryal R
gim
t 
Austalia Atill
y a d Ryal R
gim
t  N
 Z
ala d Atill
y).

ultima ati
last m
thd

th
i al agum
t
th
last 
st (as c
)

Th
last 
st. Sht m  th
m
taph "Th
Last R
st  Ki gs a d
Cmm M
" 

i g t th
act  d
clai g a; us
d i th
am
s th

F
ch s ip
 il
PGM Ultima Rati a d th
icti al R
as 
ap syst
m.
Luis XIV  Fa c
had Ultima Rati R
gum ("last agum
t  i gs") cast 
th
ca  s  his ami
s; mtt  th
1st Battali 11th Mai
s; mtt 
th
Atill
i
g
m
t
t.

ultim m
s
(ult.)
i th
last m th
Fm
ly us
d i mal c
sp d
c
t 

 t th
p
vius m th. Us
d ith
i st. ("this m th") a d px. ("
xt m th").

ulta vi
s


y d p
s
"Withut authity". Us
d t d
sci
a acti d
ithut pp
 authity,
 acti g ithut th
ul
s. Th
t
m ill mst t

us
d i c
cti ith
app
als a d p
titi s.

ululas Ath
as
(t s
d) ls t Ath
s
Fm G
had G
hads' (14661536) [
tt
   as Easmus] cll
cti 
a tat
d Adagia (1508). Lati ta slati  a classical G

 pv
.
G

ally m
a s putti g lag

t i a
c
ssaily uitl
ss
t
pis
.
Cmpa
"s
lli g cal t N
castl
".

u a hiu d 

acit v



sall d
s t ma
summ


A si gl

xampl
 sm
thi g psitiv
d
s t
c
ssaily m
a that all
sus
u
t simila i sta c
s ill hav
th
sam
utcm
.

u a salus victis ullam sp
a
salut
m

th
 ly sa
ty  th
c u

d is t hp
  sa
ty

L
ss lit
ally, "th
 ly sa

t  th
va uish
d is t
xp
ct  sa
ty".
P
c
d
d y miamu
t i m
dia ama uamus ("l
t us di

v
as 
ush i t
th
midst  attl
") i Vigil's A

id,  2, li
s 353354. Us
d i Tm
Cla cy's v
l Withut R
ms
, h

chaact
 Jh Cla ta slat
s it as "th


hp
 th
dm
d is t t hp
 sa
ty".

u itas p
 s
vitiam

u ity thugh s
vic

Mtt  th
St. Xavi
's I stituti

Bad  Liaia s.

u  latu
i 

ath
Us
d i citicism  i c sist
t pl
adi gs, i.
. "
ca t agu
u  latu
th that th
cmpa y d
s t
xist a d that it is als 
sp sil
 th

 g."

u us multum


 ma y
A av
ag
p
s .

U us papa Rma
, u us ptus A c a
, u a tuis C
m a
, u a c

s Rac a

O
pp
i

Rm
, 
pt i A c a, 
t
 i C
m a, 


 i Rav 

Mtt  th
Cz
ch B

y i

Rav .[52]

Ui
t Oi
t th
city a d th
cicl
[ th
la ds]
M
a i g "T Rm
a d th
Wld". A sta dad p
i g  Rma pclamati s. Als
a taditi al l
ssi g y th
pp
.

us i ht
city i a gad

Mtt  th
City  Chicag.

usu
ad i
m
t th
v
y
d
Ot

us
d i 


c
t attl
, implyi g a illi g
ss t 

p ighti g u til

yu di
.

usus
st magist
 ptimus

pactic
is th

st t
ach
.
I th
 ds, pactic
ma
s p

ct. Als sm
tim
s ta slat
d "us
ma
s
mast
."

ut i

t u iam
ss
ll
t

s that th
y might di , si c
th
y 
us
d t
at
Als 
d

d ith ua d ("h
") i plac
 u iam. Fm a  y Su
t ius
(Vit. Ti., 2.2) a d Cic
 (D
Natua D
um, 2.3). Th
phas
as said y
Rma admial Pulius Claudius Pulch
 ight 

th
attl
 D
pa a, as h

th
 v
ad th
sac
d chic
s hich had 
us
d t
at th
gai 

d
th
ma u 
lcm
m
 ad luc. Thus, th
s
s
is, "i th
y d t p
m
as
xp
ct
d, th
y must su
 th
c s
u
c
s".

ut d
si t vi
s, tam

st lauda da vlu tas

thugh th
p
 
laci g, th
ill is t 
pais
d all th
sam

Fm Ovid, Epistula

x P t (III, 4, 79).

ut dicitu
as has 

said; as av

ut i c
pit id
lis sic p
ma
t

as sh

ga lyal, s sh
p
sists
Thus, th
stat

mai s as lyal as
v
. Mtt  O tai.

ut i a
as 
l

ut ma
ud ut v
tus

t s
a a d i t i d
Mtt  USNS Washi gt

Cham
s

ut psim
that I may s
v

Mtt  Vigi ia Plyt
ch ic I stitut
a d Stat
U iv
sity

ut pv
ium luitu v
tus...

yu   hat th
y say...
Lit: As th
ld pv
 says...

ut 
s magis val
at uam p

at

that th
matt
 may hav


ct ath
 tha ail[53]

ut 
t
as acads
O "as 

th
ac sid
"; thus, "as 

th
p
vius pag
" (c. ut supa).

ut Rma cadit, sic m is t
a

as Rm
alls, s [alls] th
hl
ld

ut sit i is litium
s th

might 
a
d  litigati
A taditi al cad. Th
ull m is I t

st 
ipulica
ut sit i is
litium, "it is i th
gv
 m
t's i t

st that th


a
d t litigati ."

Ot

ut
d i th
c t
xt  statut
s  limitati .

ut supa
as av

ut t
si sic vis

as th

xt
si , s th
c

R
t H
's
xp
ssi  his discv
y  his la  li
a
lasticity.
Als: Mtt  cl
Plyt
ch iu
d
M tal. Mtt  th
Bitish Watch a d
Clcma
's Guild.

utilis i mi ist
ium
us
ul
ss i

s
vic

Cm
s m 2 Timthy 4:11. Mtt  Cam

ll Gils Gamma Schl.

utau
u um

th i t 

Als ta slat
d as "that th
t may 

." Mtt u d i
Spa ish dlla ci s. Mtt  G
g
t U iv
sity.

uti u
paatus


ady  a ythi g

Mtt  Th
Bitish Paachut
R
gim
t
[
dit] V

Lati
Ta slati
Nt
s

vad
ad micam

18th c
tuy

g t th
a t
A Bilical phas
m th
B  Pv
s. Th
ull utati ta slat
s as
"g t th
a t, O sluggad, a d c sid
 h
 ays, a d l
a isdm".

vad
m
cum
g ith m

A vad
-m
cum  vad
m
cum is a it
m 
cai
s au d,
sp
cially a ha d.

vad

t Sata a

G ac, Sata !
A
xhtati

 Sata t 
g
, t

us
d i 
sp s
t t
mptati . Fm a

ppula M
di
val Cathlic
xcism mula, as
d  a 
u
y J
sus t P
t


i th
Vulgat
, Ma 8:33: vad

t m
Sata a ("st
p ac m m
, Sata !").
Th
ld
 phas
vad

t ("g ac!") ca 
u d i T

c
's Fmi I, 4,
203. Th
phas
has 

mc
d y a Ptugu
s
slga , "Vai d
m
t, Sata s"
("G y th
suay, Sata ").

va
victis
W
t th
c u

d!
Attiut
d y Livy t B
us, th
chi
  th
Gauls, hil
h
d
ma d
d m

gld m th
citiz
s  th

c
tly sac
d Rm
i 390 BC.

va itas va itatum m ia va itas

va ity  va iti
s;
v
ythi g [is] va ity
M
simply, "va ity, va ity,
v
ythi g va ity". Fm th
Vulgat
,
Eccl
siast
s, 1:2.

vatici ium
x
v
tu

pph
cy m th

v
t
A pph
cy mad
t l as thugh it as itt

hil
i act 
i g itt

victia c cdia c
scit

victy thugh ham y

at
ads.



th

v
ts it d
sci
s,

Mtt  As
al F.C.

v
l 

 t
Summay  alt
 ativ
s, i.
. "this acti
th
d
c
as
d's ga ds v
l  ."

tu s up

h
th
 th
claima t as

v
ll

st pss

"T 
illi g is t 
al
." (  -lit
al: "Wh

th

's a ill, th

's a
ay.")
Mtt  Hilli
ld, 
 th
u di g schls  Hilli
ld Stathalla
Cll
g
.

v
lcius uam aspaagi cua tu

m
apidly tha

aspaagus ill 
c
d

O simply "ast
 tha ci g aspaagus". Asci
d t Augustus y Su
t ius

(Th
Liv
s  th
T
lv
Ca
sas, B 2 (Augustus), paa. 87). Ca 

 t
a ythi g d
v
y uicly. A v
y cmm vaia t is c
l
ius uam aspaagi
ccu tu ("m
sitly tha aspaagus is c
d").

v
lut a a
v

As a t

ith th
passag
 tim

Mtt  th
U iv
sity  T t

v
i, vidi, vici
I cam
, I sa, I c u

d
Th
m
ssag
supps
dly s
t y Julius Ca
sa t th
Rma S
at
t d
sci
his

attl
agai st Ki g Pha ac
s II
a Z
la i 47 BC.

v
isti 
ma
is d
c d
u cmpl
tus sis

Fm h
c
yu cam
, yu shall 
mai , u til yu a
cmpl
t
agai
Th
phas
that th
izad said t th
D
vil i

th
ilm T
acius D i Th
Pic

 D
sti y hich tapp
d him i h
ll as l g as h
as missi g his tth.

v
a causa
tu
caus

v
. sap.,
v
um sap.
A d t th
is
is suici
t
Th
h
a
 ca

st.

ill i th

st;
ugh said. Sht  V
um sapi
ti sat[is]

v
a dc
t
x
mpla tahu t

Wds i stuct, illustati s l
ad
O th

l
va c
t us
illustati s 
xampl
h

p
achi g.

v
a ita su t i t
llig
da ut 
s magis val
at uam p

at

ds a
t 
u d
std such that th
suj
ct matt
 may 
m


ctiv

tha ast
d
Wh

xplai i g a giv

v
a va a aut isui 

suj
ct, it is impta t t claiy ath
 tha c us
.

lui

Nt t sp
a ds i vai  t stat laught


Rul

um
 56  th
Rul
 Sai t B

dict.

v
a vla t, scipta ma
t

ds ly aay, iti gs 
mai

Fm a amus sp

ch  Cai Titus at th
Rma s
at
.

v
atim

d  d

R

s t p

ct ta scipti  utati .

v
atim
t litt
atim

d  d a d l
tt
 y l
tt


v
i divi i mi ist


s
va t  th
divi
Wd
A pi
st (c. V
um D
i).

v
i gatia
(v.g.  VG)


xampl

lit
ally: " th
sa
 a d"

V
um D
i
Wd  Gd
S


ligius t
xt.

v
um Dmi i ma
t i

a
t
 um (VDMA)

Th
Wd  th
Ld E du
s F
v


Mtt  th
Luth
a R
mati .

v
itas
tuth
Mtt  ma y
ducati al i stituti s.

v
itas,  itas, pulchitud, sa ctitas

Tuth, Gd
ss, B
auty, a d Hli
ss
Cu
t mtt  Fu J

Cathlic U iv
sity, Taia .

v
itas Chist
t
ccl
sia

Tuth  Chist a d Chuch

Th
d
ju
mtt  Havad U iv
sity, dati g t its u dati ; it is t

sht

d t V
itas t disps
 its igi al 
ligius m
a i g.

v
itas cuat
Th
Tuth Cu
s.
Mtt  Jaahalal I stitut
 Pstgaduat
M
dical Educati

V
itas D
i vi cit

Th
Gd's Tuth p
vails.
Mtt  th
Hussit
s.

v
itas, id
s, sapi
tia

Tuth, Faith, Wisdm
Cu
t mtt  Dli g Cathlic High Schl.

v
itas diali ma
t i a
t
 um

D
vil's tuth 
mai
t
 ally

v
itas
t titud
Tuth a d Cuag

O
 th
mtt
s  Lyc
um  th
Philippi
s U iv
sity.

v
itas
t vitus
Tuth a d vitu

Mtt  U iv
sity  Pittsugh, M
thdist U iv
sity.

v
itas i caitat

Tuth Thugh Cai g
Mtt  Bishp Wdsth's Schl a d St Mu chi 's Cll
g
.

& R
s
ach.

V
itas Iustitia Li
tas

Tuth Justic
Li
ty
Mtt  F

U iv
sity  B
li .

V
itas Li
ait Vs

Tuth Shall S
t Yu F


Mtt  Xavi
 U iv
sity At

 d
Cagaya , Th
ist Cathlic Philippi

J
suit U iv
sity lcat
d i Cagaya d
O City, Mi da a, Philippi
s.

v
itas lux m
a

Tuth is my light.
A cmm
 -lit
al ta slati
Nati al U iv
sity.

is "Tuth
light
s m
." Mtt  S
ul

v
itas vit magista

Tuth is Li
's T
ach
.
A th
 plaussil
ta slati is 'Tuth is Li
's Mist
ss'. U icial Mtt
 U iv
sity  Pu
t Ric, R Pi
das, app
ai g i its T
.

v
itas dit mas

Tuth hat
s d
lay
S

ca th
Yu g
.

v
itas m ia vi cit
Tuth c u
s all
Mtt  Wilid Laui
 U iv
sity, O tai. S

als
Jayat
 I dia a d mtt  Tia gl
Fat
 ity.

v
itas u itas caitas

Tuth, U ity, Lv

Mtt  Villa va U iv
sity.

ati al mtt Satyam
va

v
itas vi cit
tuth c u
s
Mtt  th
Scttish cla K
ith. Us
d t 
mtt  Pt
tat
 Bh
mia
a d Mavia a d i Cz
ch ta slati mtt  Cz
chslvaia a d Cz
ch R
pulic

V
itas. Vitus. Li
tas.

Tuth. Cuag
. F

dm.
Mtt  th
U iv
sity  Sz
g
d i

Hu gay.

v
itas vs li
ait

th
tuth ill s
t yu 


Mtt  Jh s Hpi s U iv
sity.

v
itat
duc
pg
di

Adva ci g (ith) Tuth L
adi g.
Mtt  U iv
sity  Aa sas.

[i ] v
itat

t caitat

ith tuth a d lv

Mtt  Cathlic Ju i Cll
g
, Si gap
. Mtt  St Xavi
's Schl,
Hazaiagh, I dia

v
itat

t vitut

ith tuth a d cuag

Mtt  Syd
y Bys High Schl. Als "vitut

t v
itat
", mtt  Wald
A glica Schl  Gils.

v
itat
m dil
xi
I d
light i (, I hav
chs
) th
tuth.
Mtt  By Ma Cll
g

v
itat
m atius t
stai

t 
a it
ss t th
tuth i

th
hd

Mtt  Xav
ia Bth
s High Schl

v


ihil v
ius

thi g tu
 tha tuth

Mtt  M
t
Gils' Gamma Schl

v
 pssumus
Y
s, 
ca
A vaiati  th
campaig slga us
d y th
-S
at Baac Oama 
S
al vaiati dui g th
2008 US p
sid
tial campaig .[54]

a G
at

v
sus (vs)  (v.)

tads
Lit
ally "i th
di
cti ". Mista
ly us
d i E glish as "agai st" (paly
m "adv
sus"), paticulaly t d
t
t ppsi g pati
s, such as i a
l
gal disput
 a spts match.

v
t
I id
Th
ight t u ilat
ally stp a c
tai
a ci
t Rma vti g pactic
s.

pi
c
 l
gislati . D
iv
d m

v
xilla 
gis pd
u t i 
 i

Fth g th
a
s  th
i g  h
ll
Us
d y Da t
i Ca t XXXIV  th
I 
 , th
phas
is a allusi t a d
play up th
Lati East
 hym V
xilla R
gis, a d is its
l 
p
at
dly



c
d i th
s  Walt
 M. Mill
, J.

vi
t a im
With h
at a d sul
O "St
gth ith Cuag
". Mtt  Ascham Schl a d th
McCullch cla c
st.

vi v
i u iv
sum vivus vici

y th
p
  tuth, I, hil
livi g, hav
c u

d th
u iv
s

Magical mtt  Al
ist
 Cl
y.

via

y th
ad
"y ay "  "y m
a s ";
.g. "I'll c tact yu via
-mail."

via m
dia
middl
ad
Ca 

 t th
adical c
t
 plitical sta c
.

via, v
itas, vita

Th
Way, th
Tuth a d th
Li

Mtt  Th
U iv
sity  Glasg, East
 Naza

Cll
g
, Sillima
U iv
sity a d a um
  Ca ssia schls i Si gap
a d H g K g. Fm
th
ds  J
sus i th
Gsp
l  Jh 14:6.

vic

i plac

"
h acts i plac
 a th
"; ca 
us
d as a s
paat
d,  as a
hyph
at
d p
ix: "Vic
P
sid
t" a d "Vic
-Cha c
ll".

vic
v
sa
v
sa vic

ith psiti tu
d

F th
 us
s, s

vic
v
sa
Thus, "th
th
 ay au d", "c v
s
ly",
tc. Histically, vic
is pp
ly
p u c
d as t syllal
s, ut th

-syllal
p u ciati is
xt
m
ly
cmm . Classical Lati p u ciati dictat
s that th
l
tt
 C ca  ly ma
a
had su d, li
K, thus v

-
h v
h-sah. (Nt
that i
as p u c
d li
a W.)[55]

classical tim
s, th
V

victia aut ms

Victy  d
ath!
simila t aut vi c

aut mi.

victia c cdia c
scit

Victy cm
s m ham y
Th
icial clu mtt  As
al F.C.

victix causa diis placuit s
d victa Cat i

th
victius caus
pl
as
d th
gds, ut th
c u

d caus
pl
as
d Cat
Luca , Phasalia 1, 128. D
dicati  th
suth sid
 th
C 
d
at

M
mial at Ali gt Nati al C
m
t
y.

vid

"s

"  "

 t"

vid
i a (v.i.)

"s


l"

vid
supa (v.s.)

"s

av
"
O "s


ali
 i this iti g". Als sht

d t just supa.

vid
lic
t (viz.)
" am
ly", "that is t say", "as lls"
C tacti  vid

lic
t: "p
mitt
d t s

".

vid

t tac

I s

a d 

p sil
t
Th
mtt  Qu

Eliza
th I  E gla d.

vid
 m
lia pu
d
t
ia s
u

I s

a d appv
 th

tt
, ut I ll th
s

Fm th
M
tamphs
s VII. 2021  Ovid. A summay  th

xp
i
c

aasia.

vid
 s
d 

c
d

I s

it, ut I d 't 
li
v
it

Caspa Hma
Hav
y.

at
 
i g sh

p  th
ciculaty syst
m y William

vid

lic
t
"it is p
mitt
d t s

", "
may s

"

vim pmv
t i sitam

pmt
s 
's i at
p

Mtt  U iv
sity  Bistl ta

m Hac
Od
4.4.

vi c
malum  
Ov
cm
Evil ith Gd
Patial utati  Rma s 12:21 als us
d as a mtt  Old Si d Hspital
a d Bishp Ctt

Schl, Shimla.

vi c

scis Ha ial victia uti
scis

yu   [h] t i , Ha ial; yu d t   [h] t us
victy
Accdi g t Livy, a cavaly cl
l tld Ha ial this at
 th
victy at
Ca a
i 216 BC, m
a i g that Ha ial shuld hav
mach
d  Rm
di
ctly.

vi cit m ia v
itas
Tuth c u
s all
Mtt  Augusta Stat
U iv
sity i Augusta, GA

vi cit ui patitu

h
c u
s h
du
s
Fist attiut
d t Rma schla a d satist P
sius; 
u
tly us
d as mtt.

vi cit ui s
vi cit

h
/sh
c u
s h c u
s hims
l/h
s
l
Mtt  ma y
ducati al i stituti s. Als "is vi cit ui s
vi cit" ("h
/sh

h p
vails v
 hims
l/h
s
l is tic
victius"). Als th
mtt  Th

B
ast i Dis
y's B
auty a d th
B
ast as s

 th
castl
's stai
d glass
i d
a th

gi i g  th
ilm.

vi culum juis
"th
chai  th
la", i.
. l
gally i di g
"A civil ligati is 
hich has a i di g p
ati
juis." Buvi
's La Dicti ay, 1856, "Oligati ."

i la, vi culum

vi um
t musica la
tiica t c

Wi
a d music gladd

th
h
at

Ast
ix a d Ca
sa's Git; a vaiati

vi pud
s 

"vi um  um la
tiicat c hmi is".

c ta v
tum mi git

"[A] is
ma d
s t ui at
[up] agai st th
i d"

viil
agitu
"Th
ma ly thi g is 
i g d
"
As us
d i th
mtt  K x Gamma Schl

viilit
 agit

"Act i a ma ly ay"
As us
d i th
mtt  St Mu
dach's Cll
g

viilit
 agit

stt
t
s

"Quit y
li
m
, 
st g"
As us
d i th
mtt  Culd Schl

vitus
t sci
tia

vitu
a d  l
dg

F
u
tly us
d as a mtt, p

mi
tly as that  La Sall
U iv
sity 
Philad
lphia, PA.

vitus i m
dia stat

Vitu
sta ds i th
middl
.
Idimatically: Gd pactic
li
s i th
middl
path. Th

is disag

m
t as
t h
th
 "m
dia"  "m
di" is c
ct.

vitus sla ilitas

vitu
al
[is] l

Chistia Bth
s Cll
g
, St Kilda's schl mtt

vitus t
tami
gaud
t

St
gth 
jic
s i

th
chall
g
.

Th
mtt  Hillsdal
Cll
g
.

vitus u ita ti

vitu
u it
d [is] st g

Stat
mtt  A da.

vitut

t amis

y vitu
a d ams
O "y ma hd a d 
ap s". Stat
mtt  Mississippi. Pssily d
iv
d m
th
mtt  Ld Gay D
Wilt , vitut
 amis id ("I tust i vitu
,
t i ams"). Als vitut

t la
, as y ma hd a d y  mtt 

P
tia Bys High Schl

vis l
gis
p
  th
la

visi d
i
Visi  a gd

vita a t
acta
a li
d



Thus, a p
vius li
, g

ally du
t 
i ca ati .

vita, dulc
d, sp
s

[May u] li
, s

t
ss, hp

Mtt  U iv
sity  Nt
Dam
.

vita i c
ta, ms c
tissima

Li
is u c
tai , d
ath is mst c
tai
I simpl
 E glish, "Th
mst c
tai

thi g i

li
is d
ath".

vita patis
Dui g th
li
 th
ath

H
c
th
t
m "d
c
ssit vita patis" (d.v.p)  "di
d v.p." s


s such as Bu
's P

ag
.

i g

algy

vita summa 
vis sp
m s v
tat i cha
l gam

th
sht
ss  li
p
v
ts us m
t
tai i g a- hp
s
A istul 
ai , sm
tim
s us
d i ically. Fm th
ist li
 Hac
's
Od
I; lat
 us
d as th
titl
 a sht p
m y E
st Ds .

vitai lampada tadu t

Th
y ha d 

th
tch  li

Fm Luc
tius' p
m D

um atua II.7779; th
mal sp
lli g "vita
" (t
syllal
s) had t 
cha g
d t "vita" (th

syllal
s) t it th


ui
m
ts  th
p
m's dactylic h
xam
t
s. Mtt  th
Syd
y Chuch 
E gla d Gamma Schl a d th
s.

viva vc

livi g vic

A al, as pps
d t a itt
,
xami ati  a ca didat
.

vivat c
scat l
at

may it liv
, g, a d luish!

vivat 
x
May th
Ki g liv
!
Usually ta slat
d "L g liv
th
Ki g!" Als Vivat R
gi a ("L g liv
th

Qu

!").

viv
m
m l
ti

liv

m
m
i g d
ath
P
sius. Cmpa
ith "m
m
t mi"

viv
ut vivas
liv
s that yu may liv

Th
phas
sugg
sts that 
shuld liv
li
t th
ull
st a d ithut 
a 
pssil
c s
u
c
s.

viv


st cgita

T liv
is t thi 
Cic
. Cmpa
ith "cgit
g sum".

viv


st vi c


T liv
is t c u

Captai Jh Smith's p
s al Mtt.

viv

milita

st

T liv
is t ight
S

ca (Epist. 96,5). Cmpa
ith "militia
st vita hmi is" B  J 7:1

vcatus atu

vcatus D
us ad
it

call
d a d t call
d, Gd ill 
p
s
t

 "call
d a d
v

t call
d, Gd appach
s"; attiut
d t th
Oacl
at
D
lphi. Us
d y Cal Ju g as a p
s al mtt ad i g his hm
a d gav
.

vl
ti 

it i juia

t 
illi g,  ham is d

 "t him h c s
ts,  ham is d
"; us
d i tt la t d
li
at
th

pi cipl
that 
ca t 
h
ld lial
 i jui
s i lict
d  a i dividual
h has giv

his c s
t t th
acti

that gav
is
t th
i juy.

vtum s
paatum
s
paat
v
A i d
p
d
t, mi ity vic
.

vx clama tis i

d
s
t

th
vic
 
shuti g i

th
d
s
t

 taditi ally, "th
vic
 
cyi g i th
ild

ss"; m Isaiah 40,
a d ut
d y Jh th
Baptist i th
Gsp
ls. Usually th
"vic
" is assum
d t

shuti g i vai , u h

d
d y th
suu di g ild

ss. H
v
, i this
phas
's us
as th
mtt  Datmuth Cll
g
, it is ta
t d
t
a
islat
d 
ac 
ducati a d cultu
i th
"ild

ss"  N
 Hampshi
.

vx ihili

vic
 thi g
Appli
d t a us
l
ss  amiguus phas
 stat
m
t.

vx ppuli
vic
 th
p
pl

Sht  -p
aa g
d i t
vi
 ith a di ay p
s
sm
tim
s sht

d t "vx pp".

(
.g. 

th
st

t);

[
dit] Nt
s
^ William Bla
st
. B 3 Chapt
 10: O I jui
s t R
al Pp
ty, A d
Fist  Dispss
ssi ,  Oust
,  Th
F

hld t t
47
^ a  Jam
s T. B
tz
, C s
cat
d phas
s: a Lati th
lgical dicti ay :
Lati
xp
ssi s cmm ly u d i th
lgical iti gs (Litugical P
ss,
1998), p. 10. ISBN 0-8146-5880-6, ISBN 978-0-8146-5880-2
^ P
t
 J
s (2006). R
adi g Ovid: Sti
s m th
M
tamphs
s. Camidg

U iv
sity P
ss. p. 223. ISBN 0-521-84901-2.
http://s.ggl
.cm/s?id=XQ7SYYc_5RsC&cli
t=i
x-a.
^ S

Ggl
s.
^ Ovidi Nas is Epistvla
H
idvm, XIII. Ladamia Pt
sila
^ cacth
s. Chalt T. L
is a d Chal
s Sht. A Lati Dicti ay 
P
s
us Pj
ct.
^ . Lidd
ll, H
y G
g
; Sctt, R
t; A G

E glish L
xic at
P
s
us Pj
ct
^ "A
viati s"
^ "A
viati s", U iv
sity  Suss
x
^ J R. St
, M
Lati  th
Illit
ati, Rutl
dg
, 1999, p. 53.
^ Gil
s Jac, A La Gamma, W. Cla
& S s, 1817, p. 3.
^ Alativ
 p
s
t paticipl
viv
s + pat

^ Actus  acit 
um, isi m
s sit 
a: A I v
stigati i t th

T
atm
t  M
s R
a i th
Qu
st t Hld I dividuals Accu tal

G
cid
M
s R
a: Th
M
tal El
m
t uti g a d citi g William A. Schaas,
"Th
J
lisic Cas
a d th
M
s R
a  th
Cim
 G
cid
," L
id
Ju al
 I t
 ati al La 14 (2001): 129.
^ Cla F
gus(s) Sci
ty R
ti
v
d  14 D
c
m
 2007
^ Sa cti Au
lii Augusti i Op
a, vl. IV, p. 412
^ "U iv
sity  Mi
sta Styl
Ma ual: C
ct Usag
". .um .
du.
2010-11-22. http://1.um .
du/u
lat
/styl
/la guag
-usag
.html. R
ti
v
d
2011-01-19.
^ Gay, Jh (2006), "Lay
's Lati (a vad
-m
cum)", Hal
, L d , ISBN
9780709082774.
^ "Pli y th
Eld
: th
Natual Histy, Li
 VIII". P

lp
.uchicag.
du.
http://p

lp
.uchicag.
du/Thay
/L/Rma /T
xts/Pli y_th
_Eld
/8*.html.
R
ti
v
d 2011-01-19.
^ Ex
mpli gatia (
.g.) a d id
st (i.
.) a
cmm ly c us
d a d misus
d
i clluial E glish. Th
m
,
x
mpli gatia, m
a s "
xampl
", a d is
us
d 

givi g
xampl
s  sm
thi g ("I hav
lts  avit
cls,

.g., lu
, g

, a d ht pi "). Th
latt
, id
st, m
a s "that is", a d is
us
d 

claiyi g th
m
a i g  sm
thi g, h

laati g, sp
ciyi g,


xplai i g ath
 tha h
givi g
xampl
s ("I hav
lts  avit

cls; i.
., I ca 't d
cid
 just 
"). I Bitish styl
, th
stps may 

mitt
d: "I hav
lts  avuit
clus,
g lu
, g

a d ht pi ". "I
hav
lts  avuit
clus; i
I ca 't d
cid
 just 
"
^ Am
ica styl
guid
s t
d t 
cmm
d that "
.g." a d "i.
." shuld
g

ally 
ll
d y a cmma, just as "
xampl
" a d "that is" uld

; UK styl
t
ds t mit th
cmma. S

Dicti ay.cm a d th
i discussi
 cmmas  m
i mati . S
ach "cmma at
 i.
."  th
 pi i s.
^ Rapi i, R ald P. (2005). Pactical d
matpathlgy. Els
vi
 Msy. ISBN
0-323-01198-5.
^ W
-Jh s AE (May 1950). "Exp
i
tia dc
t". R
v Gast
t
l 17 (5):
33743. PMID 15424403.
^ Th
Dia  Au'l-Ala at Pj
ct Gut

g
^ Rutilius Namatia us: D

ditu su, Li
 pimus at Th
Lati Liay
^ J R. St
(2005). "Th
Rutl
dg
Dicti ay  Lati Qutati s".
Rutl
dg
NY. p. 253.
http://s.ggl
.d
/s?id=XGJuX1mDC&lpg=PA253&ts=MvlRRyGO&d=F
sti
a
%20 c
t%2C%20 c
t%20
t%20cu ctati%20sa
p
%3B%20%2F%20t
mp
%20ua
u
%20
su%20ui%20acit%2C%20ill
%20sapit.&hl=d
&pg=PA253#v=
pag
&&=als
.i
R
ti
v
d 2012-11-13.
^ Gavis Dulcis Immutailis at classicp
tyalud.cm
^ P. Ovidius Nas: Epistula
Ex P t, Li
 Quatus, X. Ali va  at Th

Lati Liay
^ R
s Rustica
D
agi cultua
^ http://dicti ay.


c
.cm/h
lp/a/la guag
/g58.html
^ http://gamma.uica dditytips.cm/i
-
g-h-my.aspx
^ "It
Missa Est" m th
Cathlic E cyclp
dia
^ Hm
pag
 St. Julia 's Schl
^ Hattl
, Thmas B
i
ld (1906). Dicti ay  Qutati s (Classical).
Th
Macmilla C..
^ Th
Lati Liay: SVETONI TRANQVILII VITA DIVI CLAVDI
^ Lay D. B
s ,
d. Th
Riv
sid
Chauc
. 3d
d. Bst : Hught
Mili , 1987. p. 939, . 3164.
^ Cham
li , Yv
s. "Om ia Exta
s, s
iusly?". Cp
 Pi t Ju al.
http://achiv
.cp
pi tju al.cm/stud
t-vic
/m ia-
xta
s-s
iusly.
R
ti
v
d 29 July, 2012.
^ "Myths U v
il
d: Th
Scial Histy  Th
Ev
g

Stat
Cll
g
" y Ty
Rs
 (2009). U pulish
d ma uscipt, Th
Ev
g

Stat
Cll
g
, Olympia,
WA.
^ "Mas ic mtt
s"
^ St Ma's Sua

^ Tad
ma 
gistati
^ Ki s
y, Al
d Chal
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xual B
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.
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ss. p. 638. ISBN 978-0-253-33411-4.
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^ Bla
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y, Chistph
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s a
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p
s al 
ach  th
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L
gal R
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I t
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9789004180635.
^ Jh N
y. "Th
J
suits' Fault". Philippi
Daily I ui
.
https://jh
y.dp
ss.cm/aut-
ssta d/.
^ Qui tus Hatius Flaccus (14 BC). "Q. Hati Flacci Epistvlavm Li

S
cv dvs" (i Lati ). Th
Lati Liay.
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lati liay.cm/hac
/
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ti
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2008.
^ Clum 1532, Lds Ha sad, 21 Ja uay 1998
^ Micha
l Bush, "Calvi a d th
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ma da Sayi gs," i H
ma J. S
ld
huis,


d., Calvi us sacaum lit
aum i

C g
ss  Calvi R
s
ach (Gtti
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^ Hild
a d, J. H. a d Sctt, R.
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l
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t
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L. (1950),Th
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m R
l
cti s  th
R
vluti
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^ "U iv
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^ Th
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dy  Dct Faustus y Chistph
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)
^ Cz
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y Rav  Th
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y
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[
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St
, J R. (1996). Lati  th
Illit
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dg
.
ISBN 0415917751.

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