IEEE C37.122 IEEE Standard For Gas-Insulated Substations

IEEE Standard for High Voltage

Gas-Insulated Substations Rated
Above 52 kV
IEEE Power & Energy Society
Sponsored by the
Substations and Switchgear Committees
IEEE
3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5997
USA
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

(Revision of
IEEE Std C37.122-1993)
21 January 2011
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad de Concepcion. Downloaded on January 20,2015 at 17:44:13 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
IEEE Std C37.122TM-2010

(Revision of
IEEE Std C37.122-1993)

Above 52 kV
Sponsor
Substations and Switchgear Committees

of the
IEEE Power & Energy Society

Approved 30 September 2010
IEEE-SA Standards Board

Approved 10 June 2011
American National Standards Institute
Abstract: The technical requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, and installation of a gasinsulated substations are covered. The parameters to be supplied by the purchaser are set, and
the technical requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, and installation details to be
furnished by the manufacturer are established.
Keywords: IEEE C37.122, gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear, gas-insulated substation,
gas-insulated switchgear, GIS, GIS design, GIS equipment, GIS installation, GIS testing, SF6,
sulfur hexafluoride
The IEEE thanks the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to reproduce
information from its International Standards IEC 60517 ed 3.0 (1990), IEC 62271-1 ed 1.0 (2007),
IEC 62271-102 ed 1.0 (2001), and IEC 62271-203 ed 1.0 (2003). All such extracts are copyright of
IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available from
www.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and
contents are reproduced by the author, nor is IEC in any way responsible for the other content or
accuracy therein.
IEC 60517: Subclause: 6.108.
IEC 62271-1: Subclauses: 5.6, 5.17, 5.101, 5.102, 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.2.5, 6.10.6, and 7.2.
IEC 62271-102: Subclauses: 6.103, Annexes A, B, C, D, E, and F.
IEC 62271-203: Subclauses: 5.3.101, 5.3.102, 5.3.104, 6.2.9.101, 6.2.9.103, 6.6.1, 6.6.101,
6.6.102, 6.8, 6.101, 6.102, 6.103, 6.104, 6.105, 7.1, 7.101, 7.102, 7.103, 7.104, 10.2, and
Annex A.
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Copyright 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.122-2010, IEEE Standard for High Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations
Rated Above 52 kV .
IEEE Std C37.122-1983 was initiated in the early 1970s when the first gas-insulated substations were
introduced. The reliability of gas-insulated substations has improved greatly since the first installation in
the late 1960s. Utilities have taken advantage of the greater flexibility offered by gas-insulated substations
to locate substations closer to load centers with considerable savings in sub-transmission systems costs and
reduced system losses. In addition, gas-insulated substations typically offer 25 to 30 years or more of
operation before major overhaul is required. To address IEEE policy that IEEE standards should be
harmonized with international standards whenever possible a study was conducted by a joint task force of
the Substations Committee and IEC. This included a comparison of IEEE and IEC gas-insulated switchgear
standards. The recommendations of that task force and joint working group were a series of
recommendations to modify both IEEE and IEC gas-insulated switchgear standards to move toward
harmonization. This document is a step in that process.
Notice to users
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iv
Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
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v
Participants
At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the High Voltage
Gas-Insulated Substation Working Group had the following membership:
John H. Brunke, Chair
Ryan Stone, Vice Chair
Arun Arora
Paul Barnett
George Becker
Philip Bolin
Markus Etter
Arnaud Ficheux
Patrick Fitzgerald
Noboru Fujimoto
David F. Giegel
Peter Grossmann
Charles L. Hand
Robert Jeanjean
Hermann Koch
Jorge Marquez
Venkatesh Minisandram
Jeffrey Nelson
T. W. Olsen
Darin Penner
Devki Sharma
David Solhtalab
Brian Withers
Peter Wong
The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have
voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
William J. Ackerman
S. Aggarwal
Michael Anderson
Ficheux Arnaud
Stan Arnot
Arun Arora
Thomas Barnes
G. Bartok
George Becker
W. J. Bill Bergman
Wallace Binder
William Bloethe
Steven Brockschink
John H. Brunke
Eldridge Byron
Chih Chow
Jerry Corkran
Gary Donner
Michael Dood
Randall Dotson
Denis Dufournet
Edgar Dullni
Donald Dunn
Kenneth Edwards
Gary Engmann
Markus Etter
James Fairris
Patrick Fitzgerald
Rabiz Foda
David Giegel
Mietek Glinkowski
Jalal Gohari
Edwin Goodwin
James Graham
Randall Groves
Paul Hamer
Charles L. Hand
David Harris
Helmut Heiermeier
Steven Hensley
Lee Herron
Gary Heuston
Scott Hietpas
Andrew Jones
Richard Keil
Rameshchandra Ketharaju
Hermann Koch
Joesph L. Koepfinger
Jim Kulchisky
Chung-Yiu Lam
Stephen Lambert
Hua Liu
Albert Livshitz
G. Luri
Jorge Marquez
William McBride
Daleep Mohla
Georges Montillet
Kimberly Mosley
Dennis Neitzel
Jeffrey Nelson
Michael S. Newman
T. W. Olsen
David Peelo
Darin Penner
Christopher Petrola
Anthony Picagli
John Randolph
Michael Roberts
Tim Rohrer
Anne-Marie Sahazizian
Bartien Sayogo
Dennis Schlender
Hamidreza Sharifnia
Devki Sharma
Gil Shultz
Hyeong Sim
James Smith
Jerry Smith
John Spare
Ralph Stell
Gary Stoedter
Ryan Stone
David Tepen
John Toth
Eric Udren
John Vergis
Waldemar Von Miller
Loren Wagenaar
Kenneth White
Thomas Wier
James Wilson
Brian Withers
Richard York
vi
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 September 2010, it had the following
membership:
Robert M. Grow, Chair
Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair
Steve M. Mills, Past Chair
Judith Gorman, Secretary
Karen Bartleson
Victor Berman
Ted Burse
Clint Chaplin
Andy Drozd
Alexander Gelman
Jim Hughes
Young Kyun Kim

Joseph L. Koepfinger*
John Kulick
David J. Law
Hung Ling
Oleg Logvinov
Ted Olsen
Ronald C. Petersen
Thomas Prevost
Jon Walter Rosdahl
Sam Sciacca
Mike Seavey
Curtis Siller
Don Wright
*Member Emeritus
Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:
Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative
Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative
Michael Janezic, NIST Representative
Don Messina
IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development
Soo Kim
IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development
vii
Contents
1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
2. Normal (usual) and special (unusual) service conditions ........................................................................... 4
2.1 Normal (usual) service conditions ....................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Special (unusual) service conditions for both indoor and outdoor switchgear .................................... 4
3. Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 5
4. Ratings ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Rated maximum voltage (V) or (Ur) .................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Rated insulation level (Ud, Us, Up)....................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Rated power frequency (fr) ................................................................................................................ 10
4.4 Rated continuous (normal) current and temperature rise ................................................................... 10
4.5 Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) .............................................................................................. 11
4.6 Rated peak withstand current (Ip) ...................................................................................................... 11
4.7 Rated duration of short-circuit (tk) ..................................................................................................... 11
4.8 Rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and control circuits (Ua) ...... 11
4.9 Rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and control circuits ......... 11
4.10 Rated bus-transfer voltage and current ............................................................................................ 11
4.11 Rated induced current and voltage for grounding switches ............................................................. 12
4.12 Rated short-circuit making current for grounding switches............................................................. 13
5. Design and construction ........................................................................................................................... 13
5.1 Requirements for liquid in switchgear ............................................................................................... 14
5.2 Requirements for gases in switchgear ............................................................................................... 14
5.3 Grounding and bonding of switchgear............................................................................................... 14
5.4 Auxiliary and control equipment ....................................................................................................... 15
5.5 Dependent power operation ............................................................................................................... 15
5.6 Stored energy ..................................................................................................................................... 15
5.7 Independent manual operation ........................................................................................................... 15
5.8 Operation of releases ......................................................................................................................... 15
5.9 Low- and high-pressure interlocking and monitoring devices ........................................................... 16
5.10 Nameplates ...................................................................................................................................... 16
5.11 Interlocking devices ......................................................................................................................... 21
5.12 Position indication ........................................................................................................................... 22
5.13 Degree of protection of enclosures .................................................................................................. 22
5.14 Creepage distance for outdoor insulators ......................................................................................... 22
5.15 Gas and vacuum tightness ............................................................................................................... 22
5.16 Liquid tightness (insulating medium) .............................................................................................. 22
5.17 Flammability .................................................................................................................................... 22
5.18 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)............................................................................................. 22
5.19 X-ray emission ................................................................................................................................. 22
5.20 Design of pressurized enclosures..................................................................................................... 22
5.21 Access for operations and maintenance ........................................................................................... 25
5.22 Bus expansion joints ........................................................................................................................ 25
5.23 Insulators, partitions, gas pass through insulators, and operating rods ............................................ 26
5.24 Partitioning ...................................................................................................................................... 27
5.25 Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................... 27
5.26 Seismic requirements ....................................................................................................................... 28
5.27 High-voltage circuit breakers........................................................................................................... 28
viii
5.28 Disconnect switches ........................................................................................................................ 28

5.29 Grounding switches ......................................................................................................................... 29
6. Design tests (type tests) ............................................................................................................................ 30
6.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 30
6.2 Dielectric tests ................................................................................................................................... 33
6.3 Radio influence voltage (RIV) test .................................................................................................... 38
6.4 Measurement of resistance of circuits ............................................................................................... 38
6.5 Temperature rise tests (continuous current test) ................................................................................ 38
6.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests ......................................................... 39
6.7 Verification of the degrees of protection provided by enclosures ..................................................... 40
6.8 Tightness test ..................................................................................................................................... 40
6.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests ................................................................................................... 40
6.10 Verification of making and breaking capacities .............................................................................. 40
6.11 Mechanical and environmental tests ................................................................................................ 41
6.12 Pressure test on partitions ................................................................................................................ 43
6.13 Test under conditions of arcing due to an internal fault .................................................................. 43
6.14 Insulator tests ................................................................................................................................... 43
6.15 Circuit breaker design tests .............................................................................................................. 44
6.16 Fault-making capability test for high-speed grounding switches .................................................... 44
6.17 Interrupting testsbus-transfer current switching capability for disconnect switches (special duty
only) ................................................................................................................................................. 45
6.18 Interrupting testsswitching of bus charging currents by disconnect switches.............................. 45
6.19 Interrupting testsinduced current switching of grounding switches............................................. 48
6.20 Mechanical tests for disconnect and grounding switches ................................................................ 50
6.21 Operation at the temperature limits for outdoor equipment (if required by user).............................. 50
6.22 Operation under severe ice conditions ............................................................................................. 51
7. Routine testing .......................................................................................................................................... 53
7.1 Dielectric test of main circuit ............................................................................................................ 53
7.2 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits ............................................................................................... 53
7.3 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit ............................................................................ 54
7.4 Tightness tests.................................................................................................................................... 54
7.5 Pressure tests of enclosures ............................................................................................................... 54
7.6 Mechanical operation tests ................................................................................................................ 55
7.7 Tests on auxiliary circuits, equipment, and interlocks in the control mechanism.............................. 55
7.8 Pressure test on partitions .................................................................................................................. 55
8. Gas handling ............................................................................................................................................. 55
9. Field testing .............................................................................................................................................. 55
9.1 Mechanical tests: leakage .................................................................................................................. 56
9.2 Mechanical tests: gas quality (moisture, purity, and density) ............................................................ 56
9.3 Electrical tests: continuity, conductivity, and resistivity ................................................................... 56
9.4 Electrical tests: low frequency ac voltage withstand ......................................................................... 56
9.5 Electrical tests: low frequency ac voltage withstand requirements and conditions ........................... 57
9.6 Electrical tests: low frequency ac voltage withstand configurations and applications ...................... 57
9.7 Electrical tests: dc voltage withstand tests ......................................................................................... 58
9.8 Electrical tests: assessment of the ac voltage withstand test .............................................................. 58
9.9 Electrical tests: tests on auxiliary circuits .......................................................................................... 58
9.10 Mechanical and electrical functional tests: checks and verifications ............................................... 58
9.11 Mechanical and electrical tests: documentation............................................................................... 59
ix
Annex A (normative) Switch testing procedures.......................................................................................... 60

A.1 Bus-transfer making and breaking tests ............................................................................................ 60
A.2 Switching of bus charging currents by disconnect switches 72.5 kV and above ............................. 62
A.3 Induced current switching of grounding switches ............................................................................ 66
A.4 Tests on the power kinematic chain .................................................................................................. 71
A.5 Test on the position-indicating kinematic chain ............................................................................... 73
x

Above 52 kV
IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or
environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate
safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements.
This IEEE document is made available for use subject important notices and legal disclaimers.
These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may
be found under the heading Important Notice or Important Notices and Disclaimers
Concerning IEEE Documents. They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at
http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
This standard establishes ratings and requirements for planning, design, testing, installation, and operation
of gas-insulated substations for alternating-current applications above 52 kV. Typical installations are
assemblies of specialized devices such as circuit breakers, switches, bushings, buses, instrument
transformers, cable terminations, instrumentation and controls, and the gas-insulating system. It does not
include certain items that may be directly connected to gas-insulated substations, such as power
transformers and protective relaying. This standard does not apply to gas-insulated transmission lines.
1.2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they
must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this
document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
ANSI/ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII: Pressure Vessels, Division 1. 1 2
1
ANSI Standards are available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY
10036, USA.
2
The IEEE standards or products referred to in Clause 2 are trademarks owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Incorporated.
1
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

IEEE Standard for High Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations Rated Above 52 kV
ANSI/ASME B31.1, Power Piping.

ANSI/NEMA CC 1, Electric Power Connection for Substations.
CENELEC EN 50052, Specification for Cast Aluminum Alloy Enclosures for Gas-Filled High-Voltage
Switchgear and Controlgear. 3
CENELEC EN 50064, Specification for Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Enclosures for GasFilled High-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear.
CENELEC EN 50069, Specification for Welded Composite Enclosures of Cast and Wrought Aluminum
Alloys for Gas-Filled High-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear.
IEC 60044-1, Instrument transformersPart 1: Current transformers. 4
IEC 60044-2, Instrument transformersPart 2: Inductive voltage transformers.
IEC 61180-1, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipmentPart 1: Definitions, test and
procedure requirements.
IEC 61462, Composite hollow insulatorsPressurized and unpressurized insulators for use in electrical
equipment with rated voltage greater than 1000 VDefinitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and
design recommendations.
IEC 61639, Direct connection between power transformers and gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear
for rated voltages of 72,5 kV and above.
IEC 62155, Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in electrical
equipment with rated voltages greater than 1000 V.
IEC 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external
mechanical impacts (IK code).
IEC 62271-1, High-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 1: Common specifications.
IEC 62271-102, High-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 102: Alternating current disconnectors
and earthing switches.
IEC 62271-203, High-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed
switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV.
IEC 62271-209, High-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 209: Cable connections for gas-insulated
metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV. Fluid-filled and extruded insulation cables.
Fluid-filled and dry-type cable-terminations.
IEC 62271-303, High-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 303: Use and handling of sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6).
3
CENELEC publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA.
4
IEC publications are available from IEC Sales Department, Case Postale 131, 3 rue de Varembe., CH-1211, Geneva 20,
Switzerland/Suisse. IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National
Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA.
2
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

IEEE Std C37.04TM, IEEE Standard Rating Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a
Symmetrical Current Basis. 5
IEEE Std C37.06TM, IEEE Standard for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical
Current BasisPreferred Ratings and Related Required Capabilities for Voltages Above 1000 V.
IEEE Std C37.09TM, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a
Symmetrical Current Basis.
IEEE Std C37.010TM, IEEE Application Guide for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a
Symmetrical Current Basis.
IEEE Std C37.011TM, IEEE Application Guide for Transient Recovery Voltage for AC High-Voltage
Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis.
IEEE Std C37.012TM, IEEE Application Guide for Capacitance Current Switching for AC High-Voltage
Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis.
IEEE Std C37.015TM, IEEE Guide for the Application for Shunt Reactor Switching.
IEEE P1712TM, Draft 7, August 2007, Draft Guide for Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas Handling for High
Voltage (over 1000 Vac) Equipment. 6
IEEE PC37.017TM, Draft 4, February 2010, Draft Standard for Bushings for High Voltage (over 1000
Volts ac) Circuit Breakers and Gas-Insulated Switchgear. 7
IEEE Std C37.21TM, IEEE Standard for Control Switchboards.
IEEE Std C37.24TM, IEEE Guide for Evaluating the Effect of Solar Radiation on Outdoor Metal-Enclosed
Switchgear.
IEEE Std C37.100TM, IEEE Standard Definitions for Power Switchgear.
IEEE Std C37.100.1TM-2007, IEEE Standard of Common Requirements for High Voltage Power
Switchgear Rated Above 1000 V.
IEEE Std C37.301TM, IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Switchgear (Above 1000 V) Test Techniques
Partial Discharge Measurements.
IEEE Std C57.13TM, IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers.
IEEE Std 48TM, IEEE Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable
Terminations 2.5 kV through 765 kV.
IEEE Std 80TM, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding.
IEEE Std 315TM, IEEE Standard/American National Standard/Canadian Standard: Graphic Symbols for
Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters).
5
IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331,
Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA.
6
Numbers preceded by P are IEEE authorized standards projects that were not approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board at the
time this publication went to press. For information about obtaining drafts, contact the IEEE-SA.
7
IEEE PC37.017, Draft 6, was approved as a standard by the IEEE Standards Board on 8 December, 2010 (IEEE Std C37.0172010).
3
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

IEEE Std 367TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Electric Power Station Ground
Potential Rise and Induced Voltage From a Power Fault.
IEEE Std 693TM, IEEE Recommended Practices for Seismic Design of Substations.
IEEE Std 1300TM, IEEE Guide for Cable Connections for Gas-Insulated Substations.
IEEE Std 1416TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Interface of New Gas-Insulated Equipment in
Existing Gas-Insulated Substations.
2. Normal (usual) and special (unusual) service conditions

2.1 Normal (usual) service conditions
Subclause 2.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies with the following additions:
Vibration and shock. The equipment shall withstand for its service life the vibration of any directly
connected equipment, such as transformers, and the shock caused by the operation or maintenance of the
equipment.
2.1.1 Indoor switchgear
Subclause 2.1.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies. Many indoor applications do not require 30 C
low temperature capability. In these cases 25 or 5 C are common values specified.
2.1.2 Outdoor switchgear
Subclause 2.1.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies with following additions and modifications:
Wind speed value of 40 m/s stated in 2.1.2 f) of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 is applied in some specific
regions as in North America. Lower wind speed value of 34 m/s may be applied in some specific regions,
as stated in corresponding clause of IEC 62271-1.
For installations in a location where the ice loading can be outside the normal (usual) service condition as
stated in 2.1.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007, the preferred maximum ice loading values are:
a)
b)
10 mm for class 10
20 mm for class 20
2.2 Special (unusual) service conditions for both indoor and outdoor switchgear
2.2.1 Altitude
Subclause 2.2.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies.
2.2.2 Exposure to excessive pollution
2.2.3 Temperature and humidity
4
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

2.2.4 Exposure to abnormal vibration, shock, or tilting

2.2.5 Other special (unusual) service conditions
2.2.5.1 Exposure to damaging fumes, vapor, steam, oil vapors, salt air, and hot and
humid climate
Subclause 2.2.5.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies.
2.2.5.2 Exposure to excessive dust or abrasive, magnetic, or metallic dust
2.2.5.3 Exposure to explosive mixtures of dust or gases
2.2.5.4 Unusual space limitations
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. IEEE Std C37.100 should be
referenced for terms not defined in this clause. For terms that are not listed in IEEE Std C37.100 users
should refer to The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions. 8
alarm pressure pae (or density ae): For insulation and/or switching pressure (Pa), referred to the
standard atmospheric air conditions of +20 C and 101.3 kPa (or density), which may be expressed in
relative or absolute terms, at which a monitoring signal may be provided.
bus-charging current (rated): Current expressed as steady-state rms value which a disconnect switch is
capable of switching when energizing or de-energizing parts of a bus system or similar capacitive loads.
bus-transfer current: The current that flows in a disconnect switch when it transfers load from one bus
system to another.
bus-transfer voltage: The power-frequency voltage across the open disconnect switch gap after breaking
or before making the bus-transfer current.
class A grounding switch: A grounding switch designated to be used in circuits having relatively short
sections of line or low coupling to adjacent energized circuits.
class B grounding switch: A grounding switch designated to be used in circuits having relatively long
lines or high coupling to adjacent energized circuits.
compartment (GIS): A section of a gas-insulated switchgear assembly that is enclosed except for
openings necessary for interconnection providing insulating gas isolation from other compartments. A
compartment may be designated by the main components in it, e.g., circuit breaker compartment,
disconnect switch compartment, bus compartment, etc.
8
The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http://shop.ieee.org/.
5
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

design pressure of enclosures: The maximum gas pressure to which a gas-insulated switchgear
enclosure will be subjected under normal service conditions, including the heating effects of rated
continuous current.
electromagnetically induced current (grounding switch): The inductive current that a grounding
switch is capable of switching when it connects to and disconnects from ground one termination of a deenergized transmission line, with the other termination grounded, and with an energized line carrying
current in parallel with, and in proximity to, the grounded line.
electrostatically induced current (grounding switch): The capacitive current that a grounding switch is
capable of switching when it connects to or disconnects from ground one termination of a de-energized
transmission line, with the other termination open, and with an energized line in parallel with, and in
proximity to, the grounded line.
gas monitoring systems: Any instrumentation for measuring, indicating, or giving remote warning of the
condition or change in condition of the gas in the enclosure, such as pressure, density, moisture content,
etc.
gas-insulated switchgear (GIS): A compact, multi-component assembly, enclosed in a grounded
metallic housing in which the primary insulating medium is SF6 and which normally includes buses,
switches, circuit breakers, and other associated equipment.
gas-insulated switchgear enclosure: A grounded part of gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear
assembly retaining the insulating gas under the prescribed conditions necessary to maintain the required
insulation level, protecting the equipment against external influences and providing a high degree of
protection from approach to live energized parts.
gas-insulated switchgear enclosure currents: Currents that result from the voltages induced in the
metallic enclosure by effects of currents flowing in the enclosed conductors.
gas leakage rate (absolute): Amount of gas escaped by time unit expressed in units Pa m3/s.
gas leakage rate (relative): Absolute leakage rate related to the total amount (mass or volume) of gas in
each compartment at rated filling pressure (or density). It is expressed in percentage per year.
gas pass through insulator: An internal insulator supporting one or more conductors specifically
designed to allow the passage of gas between adjoining compartments.
gas zone: A section of the GIS which may consist of one or several gas compartments which have a
common gas monitoring system. The enclosure can be single-phase or three-phase.
local control cubicle (or cabinet) (LCC): Cubicle or cabinet typically containing secondary equipment
including control and interlocking, measuring, indicating, alarm, annunciation, and mimic one-line
diagram associated with the primary equipment. It may also include protective relays if specified by the
user.
minimum functional pressure pme (or density me): Insulation and/or switching pressure (in Pa), at and
above which rated characteristics of switchgear are maintained. It is referred to at the standard
atmospheric air conditions of +20 C and 101.3 kPa (or density) and may be expressed in relative or
absolute terms.
partition: Part of an assembly separating one compartment from other compartments. It provides gas
isolation and support for the conductor (gas barrier insulator).
6
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

power kinematic chain: Mechanical connecting system from and including the operating mechanism up
to and including the moving contacts.
NOTE(Figure A.8). 9
rated filling pressure pre: Insulation and/or switching pressure (in Pa), to which the assembly is filled
before putting into service. It is referred to at the standard atmospheric air conditions of +20 C and 101.3
kPa (or density) and may be expressed in relative or absolute terms.
rated pressure of compressed gas supply controlled pressure systems: Rated pressure of a volume
which is automatically replenished from an external compressed gas supply or internal gas source.
rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary circuits: The frequency of the
rated supply voltage, either dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz ac.
rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary circuits (Ua): The supply voltage
of closing and opening devices and auxiliary and control circuits shall be understood to mean the voltage
measured at the circuit terminals of the apparatus itself during its operation, including, if necessary, the
auxiliary resistors or accessories supplied or required by the manufacturer to be installed in series with it,
but not including the conductors for the connection to the electricity supply.
transient voltage to ground (TVE): Voltage from conductor to enclosure which appears at the first
prestrike during a closing operation.
very fast transient (VFT): A class of transients generated internally within GIS characterized by short
duration and very high frequency.
water vapor (moisture) content: The amount of water in parts per million by volume (ppmv) that is in
the gaseous state and mixed with the insulating gas at 20 C and rated filling pressure.
NOTEThe terms pressure and density are often used interchangeably, but are not interchangeable. In general,
pressure is used in relation to the mechanical properties of the enclosure and density in relation to electrical
characteristics and performance. Often when the term pressure is used (fill pressure for example) it is referenced to a
specific temperature and is therefore actually specifies a gas density.
4. Ratings
The following are electrical ratings that all components within a GIS shall meet or exceed:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Rated maximum voltage (V) or (Ur)

Rated insulation level (Ud), (Us), (Up)
Rated power frequency (fr)
Rated continuous current (Ir)
Rated short-time withstand current (Ik)
Rated peak withstand current (Ip)
Rated duration of short-circuit (tk)
Rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary circuits (Ua)
Rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary circuits
For list and definition of symbols, refer to Table H.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007.
9
Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement
this standard.
7
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

4.1 Rated maximum voltage (V) or (Ur)

Subclause 4.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies with the following addition:
Components forming part of the GIS may have individual values of rated voltage in accordance with the
relevant standards (e.g., voltage transformers).
4.2 Rated insulation level (Ud, Us, Up)

Table 1 gives the preferred values for GIS.
In the event of a conflict in circuit breaker dielectric test levels between this document and IEEE Std
C37.06, this document shall take precedence.
For GIS application, the dielectric characteristics of the internal insulation are identical whatever the
altitude with those measured at sea level. Specific requirements concerning altitude are not applicable
except for external insulation (air to gas bushings).
8
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 1 Preferred rated insulation values
Rated
max.
voltage
V (Ur)
(kV rms)
Rated powerfrequency withstand

voltage
Rated switching impulse withstand

voltage
Rated lightning impulse withstand

voltage
(kV peak)
(kV peak)
(kV rms)
Test
levels
Ud
Disconnect
switch open
gap
72.5
140
100
Test levels
(phase to
ground) Us
Test levels
Up
Disconnect
switch open
gap
160
325
375
185
210
450
520
123
230
265
550
630
145
275
315
650
750
170
325
375
750
860
245a
425
490
900
1035
245
460
530
1050
1200
300
460
595
850
1275
700(+245)
1050
1050(+170)
362
500
650
850
1275
700(+295)
1050
1050(+205)
362
520
675
950
1425
800(+295)
1175
1175(+205)
420
650
815
1050
1575
900(+345)
1425
1425(+240)
550
740
925
1175
1760
900(+450)
1550
1550(+315)
800
960
1270
1425
2420
1100(+650)
2100
2100(+455)
Test levels
Disconnect
(phase to switch open gap
phase)
(+ bias)
Disconnect
switch open
gap (+ bias)
These rows represent additional ratings not harmonized with other international standards.
NOTEThe rated values of this table differ from previous IEEE Std C37.122 and IEEE Std C37.06 values in the interest of
harmonization with IEC values and increasing withstand margins across open disconnect switch gaps. AC open gap withstands
have been increased from approximately 110% of line to ground withstand for all ratings, to approximately 115% for 245 kV
and below and approximately 130% for ratings above 245 kV. This does not imply that equipment in presently in service needs
to be replaced as older levels have proven adequate.
9
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

4.2.1 Rated switching impulse withstand voltage

Bias values in parenthesis in Table 1 are the peak values of the power-frequency voltage of opposite
polarity of the applied impulse applied to the opposite terminal (combined voltage) which is V 2/3.
4.2.2 Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
Bias values in parenthesis in Table 1 are the 70% of the peak values of the power-frequency voltage of
opposite polarity of the applied impulse applied to the opposite terminal (combined voltage) which is 0.7
V 2/3.
4.2.3 Chopped wave test
The chopped wave test requirements specified in IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 do not apply to GIS
equipment.
4.3 Rated power frequency (fr)

Special application power frequencies include 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz.
4.4 Rated continuous (normal) current and temperature rise

4.4.1 Rated continuous (normal) current (Ir)
Subclause 4.4.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies with the following addition:
Some main circuits of GIS (e.g., buses, feeder circuits, etc.) may have different values of rated continuous
current. These values shall also be selected as per 4.4.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007.
4.4.2 Temperature rise
Subclause 4.4.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies with the following exceptions to IEEE Std
C37.100.1-2007, Table 3, Item 9:
Solar effects are included in outdoor applications.
Allowable maximum temperatures and allowable temperature rises are shown in Table 2.
10
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 2 Allowable maximum temperature and allowable temperature rise

Maximum
temperature
(C)
Maximum temperature rise

at ambient air temperature
not exceeding 40 C
(C)
Points contacted during routine operation and

inspection specifically the local control cabinet
50
na
Which are expected to be contacted in normal

operation and routine maintenance
70
30
Which need not to be contacted in normal

operation
80
40
Nature of the part
Accessible parts:
NOTEThese temperatures are rarely reached in typical applications except under peak load/outage conditions.
4.5 Rated short-time withstand current (Ik)

Subclause 4.5 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies.
4.6 Rated peak withstand current (Ip)

4.7 Rated duration of short-circuit (tk)

Subclause 4.7 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies with the standard duration for the short-time current
as 1 second.
4.8 Rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and
control circuits (Ua)
4.9 Rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary and
control circuits
4.10 Rated bus-transfer voltage and current 10

Rated bus-transfer voltages are given in Table 3. Other rated bus-transfer voltages may be assigned by the
manufacturer.
10
Extracts used from Annex B of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
11
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

The value of the rated bus-transfer current for disconnect switches shall be 80% of the rated continuous
current. It will normally not exceed 1600 A, irrespective of the rated continuous current of the disconnect
switch.
NOTEA maximum rated bus-transfer current of 1600 A was chosen as being typically the highest current which
can be switched even though the rated normal current of the disconnect switch may be substantially greater. It is
required to select disconnect switches based on the short-time current ratings as well as the rated normal current. The
maximum continuous current carried by the disconnect switch, therefore, may be considerably less than the rated
normal current. Rated bus-transfer currents greater than 80% of the rated normal current or greater than 1600 A may
be assigned by the manufacturer.
Table 3 Bus-transfer voltage

Rated voltage Ur
Gas-insulated disconnect switches
kV
V rms
72.5
100
123
10
145
170
245
300
20
362
420
550
40
800
4.11 Rated induced current and voltage for grounding switches 11

Separate ratings for electromagnetically induced and electrostatically induced currents shall be assigned.
The rated induced current is the maximum current that the grounding switch is capable of switching at the
rated induced voltage.
The rated induced voltage is the maximum power-frequency voltage at which the grounding switch is
capable of switching the rated induced current.
Rated induced currents for the two classes (A and B) of grounding switches are given in Table 4. The
grounding switch shall be capable of carrying the rated induced current indefinitely.
Separate ratings for electromagnetically and electrostatically induced voltages shall be assigned. Rated
induced voltages for the two classes (A and B) of grounding switches are given in Table 4.
11
Extracts used from Annex C of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
12
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 4 Standardized values of rated induced currents and voltages

for grounding switches
Electromagnetic coupling
Rated voltage Ur
kV
Rated induced current

A (rms)
Electrostatic coupling
Rated induced voltage

kV (rms)
Rated induced current

A (rms)
Class
Rated induced voltage

kV (rms)
Class
72.5
50
80
0.5
0.4
100
50
80
0.5
0.4
123
50
80
0.5
0.4
145
50
80
0.4
170
50
80
0.4
245
80
80
1.4
1.25
12
300
80
160
1.4
10
1.25
10
15
362
80
160
10
1.25
18
17
420
80
160
10
1.25
18
20
550
80
160
20
25
25
800
80
160
20
25
12
32
NOTE 1Class A grounding switches: low coupling or relatively short parallel lines. Class B grounding switches: high coupling or relatively long
parallel lines. See definitions Clause 3.
NOTE 2In some situations (very long sections of the grounded line in proximity to an energized line; very high loading on the energized line;
energized line having a service voltage higher than the grounded line, etc.), the induced current and voltage may be higher than the given values. For
these situations, the rated values should be subject to agreement between manufacturer and user.
The rated induced voltages correspond to line-to-ground values for both single-phase and three-phase tests (see A.3.6).
4.12 Rated short-circuit making current for grounding switches

A grounding switch which has a rated short-circuit making current assigned shall be capable of making at
any applied voltage or current, up to and including the rated maximum voltage and any current up to and
including the rated short-circuit making current.
For a grounding switch with a rated short-circuit making current, this rating shall be equal in magnitude to
the rated peak withstand current.
5. Design and construction

High-voltage, gas-insulated switchgear primarily consists of grounded pressurized metal enclosures,
containing energized high-voltage conductors, and other switchgear components. It is located in areas
accessible to authorized personnel only, and operated by trained (qualified) personnel. Under certain
conditions both conductors and enclosures shall be capable of carrying rated continuous current and shortcircuit currents. GIS enclosures shall be filled with compressed sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6) insulating gas.
Gas-insulated switchgear shall be designed for safe operation in normal service, during inspection and
maintenance operations, and during testing on connected cables or other apparatus. It shall also be
13
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

designed such that normal grounding switch operations can be carried out safely. Components of the same
rating and construction which may require replacement shall be interchangeable.
Components contained within the GIS enclosure are subject to their relevant standards except this
standard shall take precedence where it modifies those standards.
5.1 Requirements for liquid in switchgear

5.2 Requirements for gases in switchgear

For compliance with local regulations, refer to 5.20.4 of this standard.
5.3 Grounding and bonding of switchgear

5.3.1 Grounding of enclosures
The metallic enclosure shall be equipped with ground pads providing for connections to the ground grid,
sized for the short-circuit current at each location which corresponds to the current specified for the
installation. The ground pad shall conform to a hole pattern in accordance with ANSI/NEMA CC 1. All
metal parts that do not belong to a main or auxiliary circuit shall be grounded. For the interconnection of
enclosures, frames, etc., bolting or welding is acceptable to provide electrical continuity. Connections
shall meet the requirements of IEEE Std 80 and IEEE Std 367. The continuity of the grounding circuits
shall be assured, taking into account the thermal and electrical stresses caused by the current they may
carry. The grounding system shall prevent step and touch voltages exceeding the limits defined in IEEE
Std 80.
5.3.2 Grounding of high-voltage circuit
All high-voltage parts where access is required or provided shall be capable of being grounded during
maintenance.
5.3.3 Bonding of enclosures
The various sections of the enclosure shall be electrically connected (bonded) together to provide a
continuous current path through the entire length.
Single-phase enclosures require bonding interconnections installed between the three-phase enclosures to
provide a path for longitudinal continuous currents induced in the enclosures. Each of these bonding
interconnections shall be connected to the ground grid as directly as possible by conductors capable of
carrying the rated short-circuit current and the portion of the continuous current that flows into the
ground.
The bonding interconnections between single-phase enclosures are intended to significantly reduce or
eliminate the continuous currents induced in the enclosures from flowing into the ground grid. They are
dimensioned for rated continuous current of the installation and are typically located at the extremities of
the installation and at selected intermediate locations.
14
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.4 Auxiliary and control equipment

Control and secondary circuit devices and wiring shall comply with the requirements of IEEE Std C37.21.
5.5 Dependent power operation

5.6 Stored energy 12

A switching device arranged for stored energy operation shall be capable of making and breaking all
currents up to its rated values when the energy storage device is suitably charged. Closing and opening
times as stated by the manufacturer shall remain within manufacturer-stated limits at rated control
voltage.
Except for slow operation during maintenance, the main contacts shall only move under the action of the
drive mechanism and in the designed manner.
A device indicating when the energy storage device is charged shall be mounted on the switching device.
It shall not be possible for the moving contacts to move from one position to the other, unless the stored
energy is sufficient for satisfactory completion of the opening or closing operation. Stored energy devices
shall be able to be discharged to a safe level prior to access.
5.6.1 Energy storage in springs (or weights)
When the energy storage device is a spring (or weight), the requirements of 5.6 apply when the spring is
charged (or the weight lifted).
5.6.2 Manual charging
If a spring (or weight) is charged by hand, the direction of motion of the handle shall be marked.
The manual charging facility shall be designed such that the handle is not driven by the operation of the
switching device or by application of control supply voltage.
The maximum actuating force required for manually charging a spring (or weight) shall not exceed 250 N
(56 lb).
5.6.3 Energy storage in capacitors
When the energy storage device is a charged capacitor, the requirements of 6.6 apply.
5.7 Independent manual operation

5.8 Operation of releases

The operation limits of releases for circuit breakers are given in IEEE Std C37.100.
12
Extracts used from 5.6 of IEC 62271-1 with permission. Copyright 2007 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
15
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

For other switches, shunt closing and opening releases shall operate satisfactorily with the rated supply
voltage and rated supply frequency given in 4.8 and 4.9 of IEEE Std C37.100.
5.9 Low- and high-pressure interlocking and monitoring devices

The gas density or temperature compensated gas pressure in each gas zone shall be separately and
continuously monitored. The monitoring device shall be capable of operating a relay contact upon
descending gas density at each of two different density or pressure levels (alarm pressure and minimum
functional pressure). If the device has a visual indicator, it shall be readable by the operator.
Gas density monitors shall be capable of being functionally checked with the GIS equipment in service.
Checking of gas density monitors without properly isolating contact outputs may initiate alarms and/or
protective relay operations.
Interface contacts shall be provided for first stage and lockout gas densities for each gas zone for
connection to user equipment.
When the rated filling pressure differs between adjacent zones, an additional alarm indicating over
pressure may be used.
A means to sample gas in each gas compartment shall be provided.
5.10 Nameplates
The nameplates shall be durable and clearly legible for the service life of the equipment.
Symbols on GIS nameplates shall be in accordance with IEEE Std 315.
5.10.1 GIS common nameplates
Nameplates of the following types shall be furnished in a convenient, central location to provide
information for operation and maintenance. These nameplates shall be clearly readable and located in an
appropriate and accessible location.
5.10.1.1 GIS ratings nameplate

The ratings nameplate shall state to which of the GIS equipment the ratings apply.
The GIS ratings nameplate shall contain the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Manufacturers name, type and designation, and serial number

Year of manufacture
Rated maximum voltage (V) or (Ur)
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage (Up)
Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (Us), (if applicable)
Rated power-frequency withstand voltage (Ud)
16
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)

Rated maximum and minimum ambient temperature
Rated continuous current (Ir) at maximum ambient temperature
Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) and duration
Rated supply voltage of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary circuits (Ua)
Rated supply frequency of closing and opening devices and of auxiliary circuits
Contract order number
5.10.1.2 One-line diagram nameplate

The one-line diagram nameplate shall show the following information if applicable:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Circuit breakers
Disconnect switches
Grounding switches
Instrument transformers
Bushings
Power cable connections
Buses
Surge arresters
User identification numbers
When the installation is an expansion of an existing substation, the one-line diagram shall show and
identify the existing equipment and the new equipment as specified by the user.
The one-line diagram nameplate may be combined with the insulating gas system nameplate (5.10.1.3)
5.10.1.3 Insulating gas system nameplate
The insulating gas system nameplate shall contain the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Complete gas system schematic including compartmentalization, (including compartment

designation), showing location and device number of:
1) Gas density monitors
2) Pressure gauges
3) Interconnections between gas compartments
4) Valves: fill, evacuation, sampling, isolation
5) Pressure relief location and operating pressure
Weight of gas in each compartment and total weight of gas in the GIS at rated filling pressure (at
20 C)
Curves for gas showing maximum, rated filling, alarm and minimum functional pressures versus
temperature
Maximum allowable moisture level (ppmv)
Insulating gas type
Insulating gas pressure (at 20 C), identified in either absolute or relative values:
1) Rated filling pressure
2) Alarm pressures
3) Minimum functional pressure
17
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.10.2 GIS equipment nameplates

Main GIS equipment and operating devices shall be provided with nameplates which are located on the
equipment themselves or in a conspicuous adjacent area.
When common information of the GIS is stated on the ratings nameplate (5.10.1.1), individual equipment
nameplates can be simplified.
Equipment nameplates shall provide information according to its relevant standard. As a minimum, the
information in the following sections is required:
5.10.2.1 Circuit breakers
The nameplates for circuit breakers (and their operating mechanisms) shall contain the information
described in IEEE Std C37.04. In addition it shall contain the following:
a)
Insulating gas pressure (at 20 C), identified in either absolute or relative values:
1) Rated filling pressure
2) Alarm pressures
3) Minimum functional pressure
5.10.2.2 Disconnect switches

The nameplates for disconnect switches (and their operating mechanisms) shall contain the following
information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)

Year of manufacture
Rated maximum voltage (V or Ur )
Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (Us) (if applicable)
Rated continuous current (Ir)
Rated short time withstand current (Ik) and duration
Rated bus charging breaking current
Rated bus-transfer current and voltage
Rated filling pressure (pre) at 20 C
Rated auxiliary voltage (Ua)
5.10.2.3 Grounding switches

The nameplates for grounding switches (and their operating mechanisms) shall contain the following
information:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Year of manufacture
Rated maximum voltage (V or Ur )
18
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)

Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (Us) (if applicable)
Rated short-circuit making current (high-speed grounding switches)
Rated number of closings before maintenance at rated short-circuit making current (high-speed
grounding switches)
Rated closing time (high-speed grounding switches)
Rated filling pressure (pre)
Rated auxiliary voltage (Ua)
Electrostatically induced current interruption rating (Class A and B high-speed grounding
switches)
Electromagnetically induced current interruption rating (Class A and B high-speed grounding
switches)
5.10.2.4 Operating mechanisms

The nameplates for GIS equipment operating mechanisms may be combined with the equipment
nameplates
The operating mechanism nameplates shall contain the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Year of manufacture
Control voltage range and current
Compressor, hydraulic pump, spring charging motor or operating motor voltage range
Compressor, hydraulic pump, spring charging motor or operating motor starting and running
currents
Low-pressure alarm switch closing and opening pressure (if applicable)
Low-pressure lock-out switch opening and closing pressure (if applicable)
5.10.2.5 Surge arresters

The nameplates for surge arresters shall contain the information described in applicable surge arrester
standards. As a minimum, they shall contain the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Year of manufacture
Maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV)
Duty cycle voltage rating
Nominal discharge current
Identification of assembled position (vertical or horizontal)
Nominal gas pressure (at 20 C)
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IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.10.2.6 Current transformers

The nameplates for current transformers shall contain the information described in IEEE Std C57.13 and
IEC 60044-1. As a minimum, they shall contain the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Manufacturers name, type and designation , and serial number

Year of manufacture
Rated frequency
Accuracy class and the ratio for which the accuracy is expressed
Rated maximum voltage (if applicable)
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage (if applicable)
Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (if applicable)
Rated primary current
Rated secondary current
Rated continuous thermal current factor and the associated ambient temperature
Rated thermal short-time current
A connection diagram showing:
1) Full winding development
2) Taps
3) Ratio in terms of primary and secondary currents
4) Polarity
5.10.2.7 Voltage transformers

The nameplates for voltage transformers shall contain the information described in IEEE Std C57.13 and
IEC 60044-2. As a minimum, they shall contain the following information
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
Manufacturers name, type and designation , and serial number

Year of manufacture
Rated power frequency
Rated primary voltage
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (if applicable)
Rated power-frequency withstand voltage
Ratio or ratios
Thermal burden rating or ratings at ambient temperature or temperatures, in voltamperes (VA)
Accuracy rating at thermal burden rating
A connection diagram
5.10.2.8 High-voltage cable terminations

The nameplates for high-voltage cable terminations shall contain the information described in IEEE Std
48. As a minimum, they shall contain the following information:
a)
b)

Year of manufacture
20
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Rated maximum voltage (Ur)

Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (if applicable) (Us)
Rated short-time withstand current (Ik)
Rated duration of short-circuit (tk)
Maximum allowable force applied in any direction at the external terminal
5.10.2.9 Bushings
The nameplates of gas to oil bushings and gas to air bushings shall contain the information described in
IEEE PC37.017, Draft 4, February 2010. As a minimum they should contain the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
Manufacturers name, type and designation, serial number

Year of manufacture
Rated maximum voltage (Ur)
Rated switching impulse withstand voltage (if applicable) (Us)
Rated short-circuit current (rms) and duration (tk)
Rated oil-side pressure (applicable to gas to oil bushings only)
Maximum allowable force applied in any direction at the external terminal
Maximum angle of mounting if exceeding 30 degrees from vertical
Weight
Voltage tap, capacitance C1 and C2 (if applicable)
5.11 Interlocking devices

Suitable means of interlocking between circuit breakers, disconnecting switches, and grounding switches
shall be provided. The interlocking system shall prevent a disconnecting switch operation (close or open)
under load, prevent grounding switches from being closed into an energized bus and prevent a disconnect
switch from being closed into a grounded bus. Disconnects used for bus-transfer switching may require a
means to over-ride interlocks.
21
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.12 Position indication

Subclause 5.28.2 of IEEE Std C37.122 is also applicable.
5.13 Degree of protection of enclosures

5.14 Creepage distance for outdoor insulators

Subclause 5.14 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies only to gas/air bushings.
5.15 Gas and vacuum tightness

The leakage rate from any single gas compartment to the atmosphere shall not exceed 0.5% per year.
Leakage across the gas barrier insulator shall not prevent vacuum processing on one side with the other
side at rated filling pressure.
5.16 Liquid tightness (insulating medium)

Subclause 5.16 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 does not apply.
5.17 Flammability 13
The materials should be chosen and the parts designed in such a way that they retard the propagation of
any flame resulting from accidental overheating in the switchgear and controlgear and reduce harmful
effects on the local environment. In cases where product performance requires the use of flammable
materials, product design should take flame retardation into account, if applicable.
5.18 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

5.19 X-ray emission

5.20 Design of pressurized enclosures

5.20.1 Thermal cycling, vibration, shock, and seismic loading
Enclosures shall be designed to withstand all mechanical stresses normally encountered, including
thermal cycling, vibration, and shock associated with operation. They shall be designed for seismic
loading, if specified.
13
22
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.20.2 Design pressure

When designing an enclosure, in addition to the maximum filling pressure and maximum design
temperature, the following items shall also be considered:
a)
b)
c)
d)
The evacuation of the enclosure as part of the gas processing

The full differential pressure across the enclosure wall or partition
In the case of adjacent gas compartments having different operating pressures, the resulting
pressure in the event of a leak between the gas compartments (abnormal)
The possibility of an internal fault (abnormal)
Components having pressurized enclosures other than metal, such as gas-insulated to atmospheric air
bushings, shall conform to the applicable clause of the latest revision of IEEE Std C37.017, IEC 62155 or
IEC 61462.
5.20.3 Design temperatures
The maximum design temperature, for purposes of calculating the design pressure of the enclosure, shall
be the average temperature of the gas inside the enclosure at rated continuous current, rated maximum
ambient temperature, including solar radiation effects at rated gas pressure. This design temperature can
be established from existing temperature-rise test data. Solar radiation effect should be evaluated using
IEEE Std C37.24.
5.20.4 Calculation methods
Methods for calculating the thickness and construction of the enclosures shall be chosen from established
standards for pressurized enclosures of gas-filled, high-voltage switchgear with inert, non-corrosive, lowpressurized gases. CENELEC EN 50052, CENELEC EN 50064, CENELEC EN 50069, or other
equivalent national standards may be used. Conformance to local or state codes may also be required and
shall be agreed to between the manufacturer and the user. This may include compliance with codes not
intended for electrical enclosures such as ANSI/ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII,
Division 1.2, and ANSI/ASME B31.1.
5.20.5 Pressure coordination
The pressure inside a GIS enclosure may vary from the rated filling pressure level due to different service
conditions. Figure 1 shows the various pressure levels and their relationship.
The manufacturer is responsible for choosing the minimum functional pressure for insulation and
operation.
The rated filling pressures are related to the alarm pressures and the leakage rate.
Routine test pressure and type test pressure are based on design pressure taking into account material and
manufacturing process factors.
23
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Higher pressure
Burst and rupture
pressure of enclosures
Type test pressure of
enclosures
Routine test pressure of
enclosures
Pressure-relief device
operating pressure
Design pressure of
enclosures
Margin for pressure rise due

to temperature
Rated filling pressure

Margin for pressure loss due
to gas leakage
Alarm pressure
Margin for pressure
loss to allow for action
Minimum functional
pressure
Lower pressure
Figure 1 Pressure coordination of enclosures and pressure-relief device
5.20.6 Effects of internal arcing on a GIS enclosure

In order to provide a high degree of protection to personnel, the external consequences of an internal arc
shall be limited (by a suitable protective system) to the appearance of a hole or a tear in the enclosure
without any fragmentation. The duration of the arc is related to the performance of the protective system
determined by the first stage (main protection) and second stage (back-up protection).
Table 5 gives the performance criteria for the duration of the arc according to the performance of the
protective system.
Manufacturer and user may define a time during which an arc due to an internal fault up to a given value
of short-circuit current will cause no external effects. The definition of this time shall be based on test
results or as mutually agreed calculation procedure by manufacturer and user.
The duration of current without burn-through for different values of the short-circuit current may be
estimated from a calculation procedure as mutually agreed upon by manufacturer and user.
24
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 5 Enclosure performance criteria for internal arc

Rated short-circuit
current
Protection stage
Duration of current
Performance criteria
0.2 s
No external effect other

than the operation of
suitable pressure-relief
device
0.5 s
No fragmentation (burnthrough is acceptable)
0.1 s
No external effect other

than the operation of
suitable pressure-relief
device
0.3 s
No fragmentation (burnthrough is acceptable)
< 40 kA rms
40 kA rms
5.20.7 Stress under abnormal pressure

Enclosures shall withstand any increase in pressure due to internal arcs which create an abnormal
pressure. The abnormal pressure to be withstood is defined as the pressure caused by an internal arc of
current magnitude equal to the rated short-circuit current for a minimum duration as specified in Table 5.
Calculation of stress or type tests shall indicate that a rupture of the enclosure will not occur under
abnormal pressure. The rupture pressure shall be equal to or greater than 3.5 times the design pressure for
cast and cast-welded enclosures and 2.3 times the design pressure for welded enclosures.
5.20.8 Pressure-relief devices
Pressure-relief devices to relieve abnormal pressure shall be set to operate at a pressure not exceeding the
routine test pressure. When determining the operating pressure of the pressure-relief device, transient
pressure occurring during normal operation of devices (e.g., circuit breaker) shall be considered. Pressurerelief devices shall direct the escaping gases away from the normal path of personnel and shall not
exhaust into control cabinets.
5.21 Access for operations and maintenance

Personnel shall be able to access all viewports, gas sample ports, and other indicators, such as density
monitors. Personnel shall also be able to access locations from which operation, routine inspection, and
maintenance is performed
The design shall not require climbing on the apparatus to gain access under routine conditions. Moveable
ladders or platforms on casters may be deployed in lieu of fixed platforms under mutual agreement
between manufacturer and user.
5.22 Bus expansion joints

Expansion and installation alignment shall be considered in the design of the bus conductor and the
enclosure. Expansion joints shall be provided, as required. When bellows are provided in the enclosure for
installation alignment, means shall be provided to prevent movement after alignment is complete. Bellows
provided to permit movement caused by expansion and contraction of the bus or foundation settlement
25
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

shall have specially designed means to preserve the mechanical strength of the bus and the enclosure as
well as contact alignment and penetration. Joints provided for direct connection to transformers shall be
designed to inhibit transfer of vibration from the transformer to the bus and the bus enclosure.
The design shall prevent damage and uncontrolled extension of the expansion joint during service,
installation, and maintenance.
5.23 Insulators, partitions, gas pass through insulators, and operating rods
Insulators used to support live parts and to actuate the moving contacts of circuit breakers and switches
shall be designed to withstand the operating temperatures specified in 2.2 and 4.4 without loss of
mechanical or dielectric integrity.
Insulators used as partitions shall be designed to withstand the constraints during the maintenance
activity. The design pressure of the gas barrier insulator shall be the pressure across the gas barrier
insulator when one side is vacuum while the other side is the pressure at maximum ambient temperature
with solar radiation effect (where applicable) and rated continuous current (where applicable). See Figure
2.
Testing of insulators is given in 6.12 and 6.14.
Higher pressure
Burst pressure of
partitions
Type test pressure of
partitions
Routine test pressure of
partitions
Design pressure of
partitions
Rated filling pressure
Margin for pressure loss due
to gas leakage
Alarm pressure
Minimum functional
pressure
Margin for pressure loss to

allow for action
Lower pressure
Figure 2 Pressure coordination of partitions
26
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.24 Partitioning 14
GIS shall be divided into compartments such that taking one compartment out of service for maintenance,
repair, on-site testing, or extension of the GIS will have minimal impact on the service continuity of the
other compartments.
The end user shall specify specific service continuity requirements to the manufacturer. The development
of the electrical single-line diagram is key to optimizing service continuity.
5.25 Interfaces
5.25.1 Power cable connections
Refer to IEEE Std 1300 and IEC 62271-209 which cover the connection assembly of fluid-filled and
extruded solid dielectric power cables to GIS. These standards cover single or three-phase arrangements.
These standards establish the electrical and mechanical interchangeability of interface arrangements. They
also determine the limits of supply between the GIS manufacturer and the power cable supplier.
The parts of GIS which remain connected to the cable termination shall be capable of withstanding the
cable test voltages specified in IEEE Std 48. Direct current testing is not recommended for gas-insulated
systems.
5.25.2 Direct transformer connections
Refer to IEC 61639 which covers the connection assembly between GIS equipment and power
transformers with completely immersed bushings.
IEC 61639 establishes the electrical and mechanical interchangeability of interface arrangement. It also
determines the limits of supply between the GIS manufacturer and the power transformer supplier.
5.25.3 Bushings
The ratings of a bushing shall meet or exceed the ratings of the associated GIS.
Bushings shall meet the requirements of IEEE PC37.017, Draft 4, February 2010.
5.25.4 Future expansion facilities
GIS can be rearranged or new equipment added to existing equipment. It is recommended for future
expansion of GIS that the user clearly indicate all locations where the future equipment might be joined to
the existing GIS.
To provide for efficient planning, the manufacturer shall provide, for each identified location where future
expansion is planned to occur, shop drawings showing all pertinent dimensions, tolerances, material and
hardware used, gas seals, gas system, pressure, and any other information that will support fabrication and
installation of future transition compartments.
Refer to IEEE Std 1416 on recommended practices for the interface of new gas-insulated equipment in
existing gas-insulated switchgear.
14
27
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.26 Seismic requirements

All GIS shall be capable of withstanding at least 0.2 times the equipment weight applied in one horizontal
direction, combined with 0.16 times the weight applied in the vertical direction at the center of gravity of
the equipment and supporting structure. The resultant load shall be combined with the maximum normal
operating load to develop the greatest stress on the anchorage. For guidance in the application of GIS,
where the seismic conditions exceed those described here, refer to IEEE Std 693.
5.27 High-voltage circuit breakers

High-voltage circuit breakers used in GIS shall conform to IEEE Std C37.04, IEEE Std C37.06, and IEEE
Std C37.09. Application shall be made in accordance with the provisions of IEEE Std C37.010, IEEE Std
C37.011, IEEE Std C37.012, and IEEE Std C37.015 as applicable.
In case of disagreement, this document takes precedence over the above standards.
5.28 Disconnect switches

These switches are intended to electrically isolate equipment. They are not intended (except as noted in
4.10) to interrupt currents other than the charging current of the equipment being isolated. This disconnect
switch gap, without the associated grounding switch being closed, is not intended as an electrical safety
barrier. See Table 1.
5.28.1 Bus-transfer current switching capability (special duty)
Bus-transfer switching capability (parallel or loop switching) requirements are defined in 6.17
5.28.2 Switch positionreliability and indication
The open and closed position of switches shall be clearly indicated, both mechanically and electrically.
5.28.2.1 Electrical switch position indication device
The electrical indication for the closed and open switch position shall only be given when the movable
contacts of the switch are completely closed or completely open. Therefore the kinematic chain between
the movable contacts and the position-indicating device shall be designed with sufficient mechanical
strength in accordance with specified tests (see A.4 and A.5). The position-indicating kinematic chain
shall be a continuous mechanical connection to make certain of a positively driven operation. The
position-indicating device may be marked directly on a mechanical part of the power kinematic chain by
suitable means. Any strain limiting device, if provided, shall not be part of the position-indicating
kinematic chain.
Where all poles of a switch are mechanically coupled so as to be operable as a single unit, it is permissible
to use a common position-indicating device.
A type test of the kinematic chain is required.
5.28.2.2 Visible switch position observation
The full open and full close switch position may be observed by video camera systems or viewports. In
order to avoid eye damage from exposure to an arc, viewports should only be used to observe the contacts
when no operation of the disconnect switch is expected.
28
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

NOTEIf the user selects viewports as the means of switch contact position observation, a weatherproof sign should
be installed near each viewport to warn of possible danger when viewing the interior during switch operation. The
suggested wording is as follows:
WARNING
Do not look into the viewport during switch operation.
Arcing may damage your eyes.
.
5.28.3 Operating mechanisms
Disconnecting switches may be either manually or electrically operated, with either single-pole or group
operation. Power operators shall be equipped with provisions for manual operation and so arranged that
electrical operation is prevented while the manual operating means is engaged.
The disconnect switch contacts shall only move under the action of the drive mechanism and in the
designed manner. The closed or open position of the disconnect switch contacts shall not change as a
result of loss of the energy supply, or the re-application of the energy supply after a loss of energy, to the
closing and/or opening device.
Facilities for temporary locking the mechanism in closed or open position shall be available.
5.29 Grounding switches

The main function of grounding switches is the grounding of specific sections of gas-insulated switchgear
for safety of personnel during maintenance, extension, or repair work.
5.29.1 Maintenance grounding switches
These switches are capable of carrying their rated peak withstand and short-time currents without
sustaining damage and with no deterioration of their dielectric capabilities. These switches do not have an
assigned making capability and are not capable of closing into an energized bus without sustaining
damage.
5.29.2 High-speed grounding switches
High-speed grounding switches, which are intended for fast closing operation only, can also have the
denomination fault-closing maintenance grounding switch. These switches, in addition to being capable
of carrying their rated peak withstand and short-time currents without sustaining damage and with no
deterioration of their dielectric capabilities are equipped with power-operating mechanisms to provide
fault-closing capabilities up to their rated short-circuit making current capacity.
Following a fault-closing operation (which should be a rare occurrence caused only by inadvertent
operation, malfunction, incorrect system operating procedure, etc.), the switch shall be capable of being
opened and the associated circuit shall be capable of being placed back into service without maintenance.
A maintenance inspection of the switch should be scheduled as early as is convenient following such a
fault-closing operation. The ability of the associated circuit to be returned to service following the first
fault-closing necessitates the design test requirements specified in 6.16.
For manual operation of a high-speed ground switch, a suitable stored-energy device shall be installed to
provide correct closing action independent of operator effort.
29
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.29.3 Insulated grounding switches

Insulated grounding switches are similar to those described in 5.29.1 and 5.29.2, except with external,
removable ground connections and suitable insulation between the grounded enclosure and the switch.
They are used as maintenance grounding switches. In addition, with the ground connection removed, they
can be used as test terminals for timing or resistance measurement of main contact parts, CT primary
current injection, and for capacitance measurements. For group-operated switches, the inter-phase rods
shall be equipped with insulated sections to provide for complete electrical isolation or shall have
provisions to facilitate removal of the inter-phase rods when using the grounding switch as a test terminal.
The power-frequency dielectric withstand levels for this insulation are in the range of 2 kV to 10 kV rms
and shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the user.
5.29.4 Continuous current ratings for grounding switches
Because of the design features necessary to meet the short-time current ratings, these other currentcarrying duties are not a significant design parameter, and therefore continuous current ratings or design
tests are not necessary to verify this capability.
Continuous current ratings are not specified for grounding switches. However in certain locations, e.g., at
overhead line-entrance terminations, a closed grounding switch in a GIS can be subjected to continuous
current due to induction from energized overhead lines running parallel to the line that is grounded. Also,
during GIS test procedures (e.g., current injection to ratio-check installed current transformers,
measurement of main circuit conductivity, etc.) current-carrying capabilities are required for short
durations.
5.29.5 Induced current and voltage interrupting requirements for grounding switches
In certain locations, e.g., at overhead line-entrance terminations, a grounding switch in a GIS can be
required to interrupt current against recovery voltage due to induction and coupling from energized
overhead lines running parallel to the line that is having the ground removed by opening the grounding
switch. The requirements for this duty are specified in 6.19 and the rating requirements are specified in
4.11.
5.29.6 Switch position indication/viewports
Position indication of grounding switch shall comply with the requirements of 5.28.2.
5.29.7 Operating mechanisms
Grounding switch mechanisms shall comply with the requirements of 5.28.3
6. Design tests (type tests)

6.1 General
Normally, all tests on GIS components are performed in accordance with the relevant standards for that
component. Specific test specifications and/or conditions as defined in this standard supersede those for
the specific GIS components.
Type tests shall be carried out on a complete functional unit (single-phase or three-phase). Type tests can
be made on representative assemblies or sub-assemblies where required by specific tests or conditions.
30
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

As GIS can be assembled in many configurations of various types, ratings, and combinations of
components, it is not practical to type test all possible configurations. Type tests of representative
configurations, as appropriate, shall verify performance for other configurations and ratings.
The minimum mandatory type tests and verifications are listed in Table 6 below.
Table 6 Listing of minimum mandatory type tests
Mandatory GIS type testing
Dielectric tests
Subclause
6.2
Power-frequency voltage tests

Lightning impulse voltage tests
Switching impulse voltage tests V (Ur ) > 245 kV
Partial discharge tests
Dielectric tests on auxiliary and control circuits
Measurement of resistance of circuits
6.4
Temperature rise tests (continuous current test)
6.5
Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests
6.6
Verification of the degree of protection of the enclosure
6.7
Tightness tests
6.8
Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC)
6.9
Verification of making and breaking capacities
6.10
Low and high-temperature test
6.11.1
Proof tests for enclosures
6.11.2
Pressure test on partitions
6.12
Tests to prove performance under thermal cycling and gas tightness tests on insulators
6.14
Circuit breaker design tests
6.15
Fault-making capability of high-speed grounding switch
6.16
Switch operating mechanical life tests
6.20
6.1.1 Information for identification of specimens

6.1.2 Information to be included in type-test reports 15
In addition the following shall be recorded for bus-transfer switching tests of disconnect switches:
15
Extracts used from Annex A, Annex B, and Annex C of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva,
Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
31
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Typical oscillographic or similar records of the tests performed (at least one oscillogram for each
10 operations)
Test circuit
Test currents
Test voltages
Power-frequency recovery voltages
Prospective transient recovery voltages
Arcing times
Number of making and breaking operations
Record of the condition of the contacts after test
General information concerning the supporting structure of the disconnect switch
The operating time of the disconnect switch and the type of operating devices employed during
the tests should, where applicable
Also the following shall be recorded for disconnect switch bus charging current switching tests:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Representative oscillographic record of one make and one break operation

Test circuit(s)
Steady-state test current (only for test duty 3)
Test voltage(s)
Transient voltage characteristics
Representative record of contact movement
Gas fill pressure during the tests
Number of make and break switching operations
Condition after test
Type of fault detection system
Supply voltage or pressure of mechanism operated
Also the following shall be recorded for induced current switching tests on grounding switches:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Typical oscillographic or similar records

Test circuits
Test currents
Test voltages
Power-frequency recovery voltages
Prospective transient recovery voltages
Arcing times
Number of making and breaking operations
Condition of grounding switch after test
General information concerning the supporting structure of the grounding switch, the operating
time of the grounding switch, and the type of operating devices employed during the tests, where
applicable
32
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.2 Dielectric tests

Subclause 6.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies. In addition, dielectric tests performed as part of a
type test shall be followed by a partial discharge measurement according to the test procedure described in
6.2.9.
For power-frequency dielectric testing, frequencies from 48 Hz to 62 Hz are considered equivalent.
6.2.1 Ambient conditions during test
6.2.2 Wet test (air bushing only)
Subclause 6.2.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies. Wet tests are applicable to GIS to air bushings only.
6.2.3 Conditions of switchgear during dielectric tests
6.2.4 Criteria to pass the test
Subclause 6.2.4 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test
values.
If an insulation failure (disruptive discharge) occurs during type testing an analysis of the cause of failure
and method of elimination of the cause shall be made. During dielectric testing, flashover of self-restoring
insulation (e.g., in the portion of a gas-air bushing exposed to air) is allowed if the test criteria is met.
6.2.5 Application of the test voltage and test conditions
With single-phase designs (each phase is in an independent grounded metallic enclosure) only tests to
ground, and no test between phases, are required. Bushings if used for external connections shall be tested
according to the appropriate standards.
During all high-voltage tests current transformers shall have their secondaries short-circuited and
grounded.
If voltage transformers are an integral part of the GIS and have a lower insulation level than the gasinsulated switchgear, then they may be removed during the dielectric tests and replaced by replicas
reproducing the field configuration of the high-voltage connections. Overvoltage protection devices, such
as surge arresters, shall be disconnected or removed during the tests. If equipment is removed during
dielectric testing (e.g., voltage transformers and/or surge arresters) this equipment shall be dielectrically
tested in accordance with the relevant standards for each piece of this equipment.
6.2.5.1 General case
6.2.5.2 Special case (Including bias testing)
33
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.2.6 Test of switchgear of V (Ur ) 245 kV

Subclause 6.2.6 of C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test values.
6.2.6.1 Power-frequency voltage tests
Subclause 6.2.6.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test
values.
6.2.6.2 Lightning impulse voltage tests
Subclause 6.2.6.2 of C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test values.
6.2.7 Tests of switchgear of rated maximum voltage of V (Ur)> 245 kV
Subclause 6.2.7 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test
values.
6.2.7.1 Power-frequency voltage tests
Subclause 6.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test values.
6.2.7.2 Switching impulse voltage tests
6.2.7.3 Switching impulse voltage testsphase to phase and isolating distance,
above 245 kV
6.2.7.3.1 Dielectric test procedures for three phases in one GIS enclosure 16
If the requirements for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase insulation levels are different, the test
requirements following IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 have to be reconsidered. This is applicable only for
switching impulse tests.
6.2.7.3.2 Application of phase to phase test requirements
In order to fully cover the tests to be carried out, Table 7 lists the test conditions in relation to the
enclosure, open switching device and phase-to-phase. The table symbols are described in Figure 3.
The preferred method is the use of combined voltage test. The voltage levels required may be delivered by
two sources in phase opposition connected to the same voltage controller.
The total voltage Us from Column 5 of Table 1 shall be composed of 2 components, a switching impulse
(main part from Table 1, Column 4) and a power-frequency bias voltage (complementary part) applied as
shown in Table 7.
16
Extracts used from Annex A of IEC 62271-203 with permission. Copyright 2003 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
34
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 7 Phase to Phase and isolating distance switching impulse

test conditions above 245 kV
Test condition
Phase-to-phase test
Disconnect
switch
Switching impulse withstand

Power-frequency withstand
voltage
Ground
Complementary part to
Main part of Us between
connected to
obtain Us
phases applied to
between phases applied to
Aa
BbCc
F
Closed
Closed
Bb
AaCc
Closed
Cc
AaBb
Open
BC
abcF
Open
AC
abcF
Open
AB
abcF
Open
bc
ABCF
Open
ac
ABCF
Open
ab
ABCF
NOTETest conditions 3, 6, and 9 may be omitted if the arrangement of the outer phases is symmetrical with respect to
center phase and the enclosure.
For switching functions and disconnecting functions, respective values have to be taken in Table 1 for
open conditions.
Figure 3 Diagram of connections of a three-pole switching device
35
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.2.7.4 Lightning impulse voltage tests

Subclause 6.2.7.3 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies, except Table 1 of this standard defines the test
values.
6.2.8 Artificial pollution test for outdoor insulators
See IEEE PC37.017, Draft 4, February 2010.
6.2.9 Partial discharge tests
Partial discharge tests shall be performed and the measurement made in accordance with IEEE Std
C37.301.
The test may be carried out on assemblies or sub-assemblies of the equipment used for all dielectric type
tests.
NOTEPower frequency voltage tests and partial discharge tests can be performed at the same time.
6.2.9.1 Test procedure 17

The applied power-frequency voltage is raised to a pre-stress value which is identical to the powerfrequency withstand voltage test and maintained at that value for 1 min. Partial discharges occurring
during this period shall be disregarded. Then, the voltage is decreased to a specific value defined in Table
8 depending on the configuration of equipment and system neutral for partial discharge measurement. The
test procedure is illustrated in Figure 4.
The partial discharge extinction voltage shall be recorded.
Table 8 Test voltage for measuring partial discharge intensity
System with solidly grounded neutral
Pre-stress
voltage
Upre-stress
(1 min)
Single-phase enclosures
design (phase-to-ground
voltage)
Upre-stress = Ud
Three-phase enclosures
design
Upre-stress = Ud
Ur:
Ud:
Upre-stress:
Upd-test:
Upd-test, ph-ea:
Upd-test, ph-ph:
17
Test voltage for

PD measurement
Upd-test
(>1 min)
Upd-test = 1.2 Ur / 3
Upd-test, ph-ea = 1.2 Ur/ 3
Upd-test, ph-ph = 1.2 Ur
System without solidly grounded neutral

Pre-stress
voltage
Upre-stress
(1 min)
Upre-stress = Ud
Upre-stress = Ud
Test voltage for

PD measurement
Upd-test
(>1 min)
Upd-test = 1.2 Ur
Upd-test, ph-ea = 1.2 Ur
rated voltage for equipment

power-frequency withstand test voltage as per Table 1
pre-stress voltage
test voltage for PD measurement
test voltage for PD measurement, phase-to-ground
test voltage for PD measurement, phase-to-phase
Extracts used from 6.2.9.101 of IEC 62271-203 with permission. Copyright 2003 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
36
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Figure 4 Partial discharge testing

In addition, all components shall be tested in accordance with their relevant standards.
6.2.9.2 Maximum permissible partial discharge intensity 18
The maximum permissible partial discharge level shall not exceed 5 pC at the test voltage specified in
Table 8.
The value stated above applies to individual components as well as to the sub-assemblies in which they
are contained. However, some equipment, such as voltage transformers, have an acceptable level of
partial discharge in accordance with their relevant standard greater than 5 pC. Any sub-assembly
containing components with a permitted partial discharge intensity greater than 5 pC shall be considered
acceptable if the discharge level does not exceed 10 pC. Components for which higher levels are accepted
shall be tested individually and shall not be integrated to the sub-assembly during testing.
6.2.10 Dielectric tests on auxiliary and control circuits 19
Auxiliary and control circuits of switchgear and controlgear shall be subjected to short-duration powerfrequency voltage withstand tests. Each test shall be performed
a)
between the auxiliary and control circuits connected together as a whole and the grounded frame
of the switching device
b) if practicable, between each part of the auxiliary and control circuits, which in normal use may be
insulated from the other parts, and the other parts connected together and to the frame.
The power-frequency withstand voltage tests shall be performed according to IEC 61180-1. The test
voltage shall be 2 kV with duration of 1 min.
The auxiliary and control circuits of switchgear and controlgear shall be considered to have passed the
tests if no disruptive discharge occurs during each test.
The test voltage of motors and other devices such as electronic equipment used in the auxiliary and
control circuits shall be the same as the test voltage of those circuits. If such apparatus has already been
tested in accordance with the appropriate specification, it may be disconnected for these tests.
6.2.11 Voltage test as condition check
Subclause 6.2.11 of IEEE Std. C37.100.1-2007 is applicable with the following additions:
18
19
Extracts used from 6.2.9.103 of IEC 62271-203 with permission. Copyright 2003 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
Extracts used from 6.10.6 of IEC 62271-1 with permission. Copyright 2007 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
37
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

The test voltage shall be 80% of the value in Table 1, Column 3 for disconnect switches (equipment with
safety requirements) and 80% of the value in Column 2 for other equipment.
NOTEKnown national exceptions are required for Canada, France, and Italy where it is required by law that the
test voltage during condition check across the isolating distance of a disconnect switch be 100% of the rated powerfrequency test voltage.
6.2.12 Insulation paths

Subclause 6.2.12 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 does not apply.
6.3 Radio influence voltage (RIV) test

Clause 6.3 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies for air to gas bushing only.
6.4 Measurement of resistance of circuits

Clause 6.4 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies.
Resistance measurement shall be made on all GIS components before and after the temperature-rise tests
and short-circuit tests.
6.5 Temperature rise tests (continuous current test)

6.5.1 Conditions of the switchgear to be tested
6.5.2 Arrangement of the equipment
Subclause 6.5.2 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 is applicable with the following additions:
Except in the case when each phase is enclosed individually in a metallic enclosure, the tests shall be
made with the rated number of phases and the rated normal current flowing from one end of the buses to
the terminals provided for the connection of cables.
When a single-phase test is permitted and performed, the current in the enclosure shall be the rated
current. When testing individual sub-assemblies, the neighboring sub-assemblies should carry the currents
which produce the power loss corresponding to the rated conditions. It is permitted to simulate equivalent
conditions by means of heaters or heat insulation, if the test cannot be made under actual conditions.
6.5.3 Measurement of the temperature and temperature rise
6.5.4 Ambient air temperature
6.5.5 Temperature-rise testing of the auxiliary and control equipment
38
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.5.6 Interpretation of temperature-rise tests

Subclause 6.5.6 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 is applicable with the following addition:
For outdoor application, the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the temperature rise of the equipment
will not exceed the limit acceptable under the service condition chosen. The effect of solar radiation shall
be taken into account.
6.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests

Clause 6.6 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 applies. Tests may be made without insulating gas and the
enclosure may be open to the atmosphere.
6.6.1 Arrangement of switchgear and of the test circuit 20
Subclause 6.6.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 is not applicable.
GIS with three-phase enclosures shall be subject to three-phase testing. GIS with single-phase enclosures
shall be tested using single-phase with the full return current in the enclosure.
The tests shall be made on a representative assembly which should include all types of connections of
bolted, welded, plug-in, or otherwise jointed sections to verify the integrity of GIS components are joined
together. Assemblies shall be tested such that specimens of all components and sub-assemblies of the
design are subjected to the test. Tests shall be made using configurations that provide the most severe
conditions.
6.6.2 Test current and duration
6.6.3 Behavior of switchgear during the test
6.6.4 Conditions of the switchgear after the test
6.6.5 Tests on the main circuits 21
After the tests, the resistance measurement shall not vary more than 20% with respect to its pre-test
resistance measurement. No deformation or damage to components or conductors within the enclosure,
which adversely affect operation, shall have been sustained.
Short connections to voltage transformers shall be considered as part of the main circuit, except for parts
included in the voltage transformer compartment.
6.6.6 Tests on grounding circuits 22
The manufacturer shall demonstrate the capability of grounding circuits to withstand the rated short-time
and peak withstand currents by testing.
20
22
21
39
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

When verification tests are required by the user, grounding circuits of GIS which are factory assembled
and comprise grounding conductors, ground connections, and grounding devices shall be tested as
installed in the GIS with all associated components which may influence the performance or modify the
short-circuit current.
After the test, no deformation or damage to the components or conductors within the enclosure which
may impair good operation of the main circuit shall have been sustained. Some deformation and
degradation of the grounding conductor, grounding connections, or grounding devices is permissible, but
the continuity of the grounding circuit shall be preserved.
6.7 Verification of the degrees of protection provided by enclosures

6.8 Tightness test 23

The measurement of gas tightness shall be performed together with the tests of 6.11.1 and 6.20.2. These
tests shall be performed with each type of compartment comprising characteristic sealing of GIS as a type
test to show that the leakage rate complies with 5.15, and is not changed by influences caused by the
mechanical and limit temperature type tests.
6.8.1 Controlled pressure systems for gas
6.8.2 Closed pressure systems for gas
6.8.3 Sealed pressure systems
6.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests

6.10 Verification of making and breaking capacities 24

Switching devices forming part of the main circuit of GIS shall be tested to verify their rated making and
breaking capacities according to the relevant standards and under the proper conditions of installation and
use, i.e., they shall be tested as normally installed in the GIS with all associated components, the
arrangement of which may influence the performance, such as connections, supports, etc.
NOTEIn determining which associated components are likely to influence the performance, special attention
should be given to mechanical forces due to short-circuiting, to the possibility of disruptive discharges, etc. It is
recognized that, in some cases, such influences may be negligible.
23
24
40
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.11 Mechanical and environmental tests 25

Switching devices of GIS shall be submitted to mechanical operation and environmental tests in
accordance with their relevant standards, and shall be tested in a representative assembly of all associated
components, which may influence the performance, including auxiliary devices. All equipment shall
withstand the stresses caused by the operation of switching devices.
6.11.1 Low and high-temperature test
Operation tests at minimum and maximum temperature shall be performed in accordance with the
relevant apparatus standards with the following additions:
After the test cycles, the following shall be noted:
The pressure of the gases contained in the enclosure
The gas leakage over a period of 24 h.
6.11.2 Proof tests for enclosures 26

Proof tests are required when the strength of the enclosure or parts thereof is not calculated. They shall be
performed on individual enclosures with testing conditions based on the design pressure stresses. Proof
tests may be either a destructive or a non-destructive pressure test, as appropriate to the material
employed.
6.11.2.1 Type test pressure test
For a pressure type test, rate of change of pressure shall not be greater than 400 kPa/min.
The pressure test requirements shall be at least as follows:
Cast aluminum and composite aluminum enclosures:
Type test pressure = (3.5 / 0.7) design pressure
The value 0.7 has been included to cover the possible variability of production castings. It is permitted to
increase this factor to 1.0 if it can be justified by special material tests.
Welded aluminum and welded steel enclosures [Equation (1)]:
2.3 t
design pressure
v
type test pressure =
(1)
Where:
t
a
25
26
is the welding coefficient (1 for ultrasonic or radiography inspection of 10% of welded

section and 0.75 for visual inspection)
is the permissible design stress at test temperature
is the permissible design stress at design temperature
41
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

These factors are based on the minimum certified properties of the material used. Additional factors may
be required taking into account the methods of construction.
No enclosure, after having these test pressures applied, shall be put in normal service or shipped to a user.
The criterion for passing this test is no visible yielding of the enclosure.
6.11.2.2 Enclosure non-destructive pressure test 27
In the case of a non-destructive pressure test using a strain indication technique, the following procedure
should be applied:
Before the test, strain gauges capable of indicating strains to 5 105 mm/mm shall be affixed to the
surface of the enclosure. The number of strain gauges, their position, and their direction shall be chosen so
that principal strains and stresses can be determined at all points of importance to the integrity of the
enclosure. Hydrostatic pressure shall be applied gradually in steps of approximately 10% of the final
design pressure until the standard test pressure for the expected design pressure (see 7.5) is reached or
significant yielding of any part of the enclosure occurs.
When either of these points is reached, the pressure shall not be increased further. Strain readings shall be
taken during the increase of pressure and repeated during unloading. Indication of localized permanent set
may be disregarded provided there is no evidence of general distortion of the enclosure.
Should the curve of the strain/pressure relationship show a non-linearity, the pressure may be re-applied
not more than five times until the loading and unloading curves corresponding to two successive cycles
substantially coincide. Should coincidence not be attained, the design pressure and the test pressure shall
be taken from the pressure range corresponding to the linear portion of the curve obtained during the final
unloading.
If the standard test pressure is reached within the linear portion of the strain/pressure relationship, the
expected design pressure shall be considered to be confirmed.
If the final test pressure or the pressure range corresponding to the linear portion of the strain/pressure
relationship (see above) is less than the standard test pressure, the design pressure shall be calculated from
the Equation (2):
p=
1 a
py
1.1k t
(2)
Where:
p
py
is the design pressure

is the pressure at which significant yielding occurs or the pressure range corresponding to the
linear portion of the strain/pressure relationship of the most highly strained part of the enclosure
during final unloading (see above)
is the standard test pressure factor equaling:

1.3 for welded aluminum and welded steel enclosures
2 for cast aluminum and composite aluminum enclosures
a is the permissible design stress at test temperature

t is the permissible design stress at design temperature
27
42
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.12 Pressure test on partitions 28

The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the safety margin of the partition submitted to pressure in
service condition.
The insulators shall be installed as for the maintenance condition. The pressure shall rise at a rate of not
more than 400 kPa/min until rupture occurs. The rupture pressure shall be greater than three times the
design pressure.
6.13 Test under conditions of arcing due to an internal fault 29

Evidence of performance according to 5.20.6 shall be demonstrated by the manufacturer when required by
the user. Evidence can consist of a test or calculations based on test results performed on a similar
arrangement or a combination of both.
If such a test is required, the procedure shall be in accordance with the methods described in Annex B of
IEC 62271-203.
The short-circuit current applied during the arcing should correspond to the rated short-time withstand
current or, in some applications of the switchgear in isolated neutral systems, it may be the ground fault
current occurring in such a system.
Tests are not necessary in the case of single-phase GIS installed in isolated neutral or resonant grounded
systems and equipped with a protection to limit the duration of internal ground faults.
Two assessments are made. The first concerns the performance of the equipment during the operation of
the first stage (main) protection (see Table 5) and the second concerns the case when the fault is cleared
by the operation of the second stage (back-up) protection.
In order to verify both assessments, the duration of the test shall be at least equal to the time delay of
operation for the second stage of protection. The maximum time setting for the operation of the second
stage is defined in Table 5. A shorter test duration can be used if it is not shorter than the operation of the
second stage of protection defined by the user.
The switchgear should be considered adequate if the performance criteria defined in Table 5 are met.
6.14 Insulator tests

Tests on insulators (partitions and support insulators) shall be performed as follows:
6.14.1 Thermal performance
The thermal performance of each insulator design shall be verified by subjecting five insulators to ten
thermal cycles each.
Each thermal cycle shall be as follows:
a)
b)
28
29
4 hours at minimum ambient air temperature as defined in 2.1 of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007 for
outdoor equipment
2 hours at room temperature
43
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

c)
d)
4 hours at limits of temperature and temperature rise according to Table 3 of IEEE Std C37.100.12007
2 hours at room temperature
After the test sequence, all insulators shall recover to the design characteristics. The minimum
requirement is that the routine tests shall be withstood.
6.14.2 Tightness test for partitions
An overpressure withstand test shall be performed as follows:
The design pressure shall be applied on one side of the partition while the adjacent compartment is under
vacuum to verify the tightness of a partition. The leakage rate in the compartment under vacuum is
measured over a period of 24 h.
At the end of the test, no damage shall be observed on the partition. A gas tightness test shall be
performed in accordance with 6.8. The leakage rate shall not be greater than the defined value prescribed
in 5.15
6.15 Circuit breaker design tests

The required tests, test conditions, and testing criteria are established in IEEE Std C37.09.
6.16 Fault-making capability test for high-speed grounding switches

This test is required for high-speed grounding switches. This type test is applied to a switch in new
condition.
Testing criteria:
a)
The test will normally be conducted on a single-phase switch unless a group operation is
proposed, in which case a three-phase test or equivalent test conditions shall be agreed upon.
b)
The switch shall close against the assigned rated short-circuit making current. Since at these highvoltage ratings full-scale laboratory tests may not be possible, the actual test current shall be the
required value with the maximum test circuit voltage available at the test facility. Because of the
possible necessity to test at reduced voltage, the manufacturer shall also verify that the
performance of the particular switch would be satisfactory at full rated voltage. The methods
adopted to provide this additional verification will depend upon the specific details of the
grounding switch design and should be the subject of mutual agreement between the manufacturer
and the user.
c)
The switch shall be capable of successfully performing two closings onto the rated short-circuit
making current. After the first fault-closing, it shall be demonstrated that the switch condition is
suitable to permit, without maintenance, immediate return to normal service for a limited time
period until the mandatory switch inspection can be scheduled.
Criteria for Passing:

After performing the specified operations, the mechanical parts including parts related to the electrical
field control (for example field electrode of a GIS grounding switch) and insulators of the grounding
switch shall be practically in the same condition as before. Only the short-circuit making performance
may be impaired. Mechanically the switch shall operate as before test.
44
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

In case of doubt, or when the insulating properties across open contacts of a switching device after the
making tests cannot be verified by visual inspection with sufficient reliability, a condition checking test
according to 6.2.11 (voltage test as condition test) shall be performed.
6.17 Interrupting testsbus-transfer current switching capability for disconnect

switches (special duty only) 30
Rated values for bus-transfer current are given in 4.10.
6.17.1 Bus-transfer making and breaking test proceduresSee Annex A
6.17.2 Test duties
One hundred make-break operating cycles shall be made.
These 100 operating cycles are not considered adequate to demonstrate electrical life but they do provide
an indication of contact erosion.
The opening operation shall follow the closing operation with a time delay between the two operations at
least sufficient for any transient currents to subside.
The tests shall be performed without reconditioning of the disconnect switch during the test program.
6.17.3 Behavior of the disconnect switch during tests
The disconnect switch shall perform successfully without undue mechanical or electrical distress.
6.17.4 Condition of disconnect switch after tests
The mechanical functions and the insulation of the disconnect switch shall be essentially in the same
condition as before the tests. The disconnect switch shall be capable of carrying its rated normal current
without the temperature rise exceeding the values specified.
Evidence of mechanical wear and erosion due to arcing is acceptable as long as it is consistent with the
anticipated operating life of the disconnect switch. The quality of the material used for arc extinguishing,
if any, may be impaired and its amount reduced below the normal level. There may be deposits on the
insulators caused by the decomposition of the arc extinguishing medium.
The isolating properties of a disconnect switch in the open position shall not be reduced below what
corresponds to normal wear and ageing. Visual inspection and no-load operation of the disconnect switch
after tests are usually sufficient for verification of the above requirement. In case of doubt, it may be
necessary to perform the appropriate tests for confirmation. In case of doubt, a condition checking test
according to 6.2.11 (voltage test as condition test) shall be performed.
6.18 Interrupting testsswitching of bus charging currents by disconnect

switches 31
It has been found that, particularly at 420 kV and higher system voltage levels, disruptive discharges to
ground might occur when switching small capacitive currents with gas-insulated metal-enclosed
switchgear disconnect switches, such as energizing or de-energizing unloaded sections of bus or parallel
capacitors of circuit breakers. The test requirements for gas-insulated metal-enclosed disconnect switches
30
31
Extracts used from Annex F of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
45
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

used to switch small capacitive currents (no load currents) such as occur when sections of buses or
grading capacitors are energized or de-energized are described here.
NOTEWorldwide investigation has clarified the reasons for this over recent years and given insight into the
complexity of very fast transient overvoltage phenomena that occur as an inherent part of capacitive switching with
disconnect switches in gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear. It was concluded that correct design of the
disconnect switch is essential to avoid disruptive discharges to ground.
6.18.1 Type tests

Tests for disconnect switches of rated voltages below 300 kV are generally not necessary because the ratios
between the specified lightning impulse withstand levels (LIWL) and rated voltages Ur are sufficiently
high.
6.18.2 Test duties for making and breaking of bus-charging currents
Three test duties are specified:
Test duty 1: switching of a very short section of bus duct
Test duty 2: switching of parallel capacitors for circuit breakers under 180 out-of phase condition
Test duty 3: current-switching capability test
Test duty 1 is a normal type test and is mandatory.

Test duty 2 is a special type test to be carried out according to this specification by agreement between
manufacturer and user, but it is not necessary if the circuit breaker is not equipped with parallel
capacitors.
Test duty 3 is a special type test to be carried out according to this specification by agreement between
manufacturer and user. It serves only to indicate the current interruption capability of the disconnect
switch when de-energizing long buses or other energized parts; for example short length of cables, etc.
Typical current values are given in Table 9.
6.18.3 Switching bus charging currents test proceduresSee Error! Reference source not
found.
6.18.4 Bus charging currents
Table 9 Specified bus charging currents
Rated
voltage
Ur
(kV rms)
Bus
charging
current
(A rms)
2.5
00
23
45
70
45
00
62
20
50
00
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.25
.25
.5
.5
.5
.8
NOTE: The values are normally not exceeded in practice.
The values in Table 9 apply to 50 Hz as well as to 60 Hz.
46
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

6.18.5 Interrupting testsperformance of making and breaking tests 32

During each test duty, the test series shall be performed without reconditioning the disconnect switch. The
specified number of tests is given in Table 10.
Table 10 Specified number of tests
Test duty
Number of make and break operationsb

Standard disconnect switch
Fast-acting disconnect switch a
50a
200 a,c
50
200
50
50
Disconnect switches having a contact speed in the range of 1 m/s or higher at the moment of contact separation.
If the most onerous disconnect switch arrangement cannot be determined clearly (with reference to 6.18.3), test duty 1 shall be
repeated with reversed disconnect switch terminals.
c
Reduction of the number of tests down to 50 is acceptable if the test voltage is enhanced (to cover statistical effects) to the
following values:
source side: U r 1.2 3
b
load side: (dc pre-charge): U r 1.2 2
6.18.6 Interrupting testsbehavior of the disconnect switch during making and breaking
tests 33
The disconnect switch shall perform successfully without mechanical or electrical distress.
Disruptive discharges from phase to ground or, in case of three phases in one enclosure, from phase to
phase are not permitted.
NOTEIt is essential that disruptive discharges to ground or between phases can be detected properly by adequate
measuring or detecting equipment.
6.18.7 Interrupting testscondition after test33

The mechanical functions of the disconnect switch shall be essentially in the same condition as before the
test. Evidence of erosion due to arcing and decomposition deposits on insulator surfaces are acceptable,
provided the insulating properties of the disconnect switch are not impaired in the open and closed
positions. After test duty 1 and test duty 2, no specific action is necessary for verification of this
requirement.
NOTEConcerning test duty 3, appropriate verification procedures are under consideration.
6.18.8 Interrupting testsrequirements for measurements33

In general, specialized measurements are required during test duty 1 and test duty 2:
Measurements of the transient voltage to ground (TVE), U TVE
32
33
47
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Measurements are required in the case of test duty 1 to verify that the load side voltage (U2) meets
the specified requirement up to the initiation of the closing operation
Requirements for the measurements:
TVE verification shall be carried out at least once for each test circuit used. Configuration changes
such as different connecting lead length, equipment orientation, etc., are considered as changes to
the test circuit and will require additional measurements.
TVE measurements shall be made within 1 m of the arcing contacts of the disconnect switch. If this
is not possible, TVE verification may be done by computer calculation, provided that other
measurements (within the test section but outside the 1 m zone) are performed at least once to check
the validity of the calculation technique.
Care shall be taken that possible stray power-frequency interference is taken into account.
TVE measurement shall be made with sufficient bandwidth to record properly the very fast transient
(VFT) component.
6.19 Interrupting testsinduced current switching of grounding switches 34

In the case of multiple configurations of overhead transmission lines, current may circulate in deenergized and grounded lines as a result of capacitive and inductive coupling with adjacent energized
lines. Grounding switches applied to ground these lines shall therefore be capable of assuring the
following service conditions:
Making and breaking of a capacitive current when the ground connection is open at one termination
and grounding switching is performed at the other termination
Making and breaking of an inductive current when the line is grounded at one termination and
grounding switching is performed at the other termination
Carrying continuously the induced capacitive and inductive currents
6.19.1 Temperature-rise tests
Tests will not normally be required since the rated short-time current of the grounding switch may be used
to verify that the temperature rises for typical induced current ratings are insignificant. In case of doubt,
temperature-rise tests should be performed upon agreement between the manufacturer and the user.
6.19.2 Induced current switching of grounding switchesmaking and breaking tests
see Annex A
Table 11 contains the standardized recovery voltage for electromagnetically induced current, and
therefore the grounding switch capabilities for this duty.
The prospective TRV waveform may be of a triangular or (1-cos) waveshape. The time to peak is valid
for either waveform type.
34
Extracts used from Annex C of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
48
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 11 Standardized values of recovery voltages for electromagnetically induced

current breaking tests
Class A
Rated
voltage Ur
(kV)
Powerfrequency
recovery
voltage
(+10/-0%)
(kV rms)
TRV peak
(+10/-0%)
(kV)
72.5
0.5
100
Class B
Time to Peak
(+0/-10%)
(s)
Powerfrequency
recovery
voltage
(+10/-0%)
(kV rms)
TRV peak
(+10/-0%)
(kV)
Time to
peak
(+0/-10%)
(s)
1.1
100
4.5
300
0.5
1.1
100
4.5
300
123
0.5
1.1
100
4.5
300
145
2.3
200
4.5
300
170
2.3
200
4.5
300
245
1.4
3.2
200
4.5
330
300
1.4
3.2
200
10
23
850
362
4.5
325
10
23
1000
420
4.5
325
10
23
4000
550
4.56
325
20
45
2000
800
4.5
325
20
45
2000
NOTERecovery voltages are valid for single-phase or three-phase tests.
6.19.2.1 Test duties

Ten make-break operating cycles shall be made for each of the electrostatically and electromagnetically
induced current making and breaking tests.
NOTETen operating cycles are not considered adequate to demonstrate electrical life, but will provide an
indication of contact erosion.
The opening operation shall follow the closing operation with sufficient time delay between the two
operations for any transient currents to subside.
The tests shall be performed without reconditioning of the grounding switch during the test program.
6.19.2.2 Behavior of grounding switch during tests
The grounding switch shall perform successfully without undue mechanical or electrical distress.
6.19.2.3 Condition of grounding switch after tests
The mechanical functions and the insulation of the grounding switch shall be essentially in the same
condition as before the test. The grounding switch shall be capable of carrying rated peak withstand
current and its rated short-time withstand current. Evidence of mechanical wear and erosion due to arcing
is acceptable as long as it is consistent with the anticipated operating life and maintenance program of the
grounding switch. The quality of material used for arc extinguishing, if any, may be impaired and its
amount reduced below the normal level. There may be deposits on the insulators caused by the
49
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

decomposition of the arc extinguishing medium. Visual inspection and no-load operation of the grounding
switch after tests are usually sufficient for verification of the above requirements. In case of doubt, a
condition checking test according to 6.2.11 shall be performed.
6.20 Mechanical tests for disconnect and grounding switches

6.20.1 Mechanical life test
Switches shall be subjected to a mechanical life test consisting of 1000 close-open operations with either
manually or power-operated mechanisms supplied at the rated control voltage. Included in the 1000
operations, 50 shall be performed with the maximum control voltage/fluid pressure and 50 at minimum
control voltage. The switch shall be in new condition at the commencement of the tests with all essential
operating data recorded, e.g., operating time at minimum, rated and maximum control voltage, operating
effort required if manually operated, voltage drop or resistance measurements across main contacts, etc.
Following the completion of these tests, the switch and operating mechanism shall be in good mechanical
condition with no excessive wear. The switch shall operate successfully over the full range of control
voltage or, if manually operated, shall not show any significant increase in required operating effort.
Measurement of the voltage drop or resistance across the contacts and examination of the contact parts
shall confirm that the switch is still able to perform its rated current-carrying duties. If required, a
condition checking test according to 6.2.11 shall be performed.
Before and after the mechanical operation tests, the measurement of gas tightness according to 6.8 shall
be performed to show that the leakage rate is not changed by influences caused by the mechanical life
tests.
6.20.2 Operation of mechanical interlocks 35
Disconnect and grounding switches fitted with interlocks shall be submitted to five operating cycles in
order to check the operations of the associated interlocks. Before each operation the interlocks shall be set
in the position intended to prevent the operation of the switching device. During these tests only normal
operating forces shall be employed and no adjustment shall be made to the switching device.
The tests are considered satisfactory if the switching devices and the interlocks are in proper working
order and if the forces required to operate the switching devices are practically the same before and after
the tests.
6.21 Operation at the temperature limits for outdoor equipment (if required by
user)
By agreement between manufacturer and user a test unit shall be selected from the following:
Single-phase switch with single-phase mechanism
Three-phase switch with three-phase mechanism
Single pole of three-phase switch with mechanism modified to deliver appropriate torque (if
required by test chamber limitations only)
The switch, with its mechanism and necessary control equipment, shall be located in a climatic chamber.
It shall initially be in the closed position. Heaters, if furnished with the equipment to be provided, may be
installed and operated.
35
Extracts used from Annex E of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
50
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

For each of the following temperature conditions, at the end of the required temperature period, the switch
shall be operated 3 times each at maximum and minimum supply energy. The operation times for both
open and close operations shall be recorded. A gas leakage test shall be performed before and after both
the maximum and minimum temperature test series.
Minimum temperature test conditions:
The chamber temperature shall be lowered to the specified minimum temperature and maintained at that
temperature for 12 hours.
Maximum temperature test conditions:
The chamber temperature shall be raised to the 40 C (or the specified maximum temperature) for a
minimum of 4 hours or until the temperature is stabilized.
6.22 Operation under severe ice conditions 36

According to 2.1.2 e) of IEEE Std C37.100.1-2007, three classes of ice coating are specified:
Class 1 (1 mm ice coating)
10 mm and 20 mm ice coatings are considered to be representative of severe ice conditions.
Disconnect switches and grounding switches having accessories to accommodate a bus-transfer current
switching capability (disconnect switches only) and a switching capability of induced currents (grounding
switches only) shall be tested with these devices mounted.
6.22.1 Introduction
Formation of ice may produce difficulties in the operation of electric power systems. Under certain
atmospheric conditions, a deposit of ice can build up to a thickness that sometimes makes the operation of
outdoor switching equipment difficult.
Nature produces ice coatings which may be divided into two general categories:
a)
b)
clear ice generally resulting from rain falling through air somewhat below the freezing point of
water, and
rime ice, characterized by a white appearance, formed for example from atmospheric moisture
condensing on cold surfaces.
6.22.2 Applicability
The tests defined in this subclause shall be made only if the manufacturer claims suitability of disconnect
switches and grounding switches for operation under severe conditions of ice formation. A procedure is
described for producing clear ice coatings which compare with those encountered in nature so that
reproducible tests can be made. For severe ice conditions, a choice is provided between two classes of ice
thickness: 10 mm and 20 mm.
36
51
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Disconnect switch commutating contacts for bus-transfer current switching and accessories fitted to
grounding switches to accommodate a switching capability of induced currents may not be able to
perform these switching capabilities under the severe ice conditions.
6.22.3 Test procedure, formation of ice deposits
A coating of solid clear ice of the required thickness, 10 mm or 20 mm, shall be produced. A typical test
procedure for the formation of ice is described below.
a)
b)
c)
d)
With the test disconnect/grounding switch in the open or closed position, lower the air
temperature to 2 C and start the spray of pre-cooled water. Continue this spray for a minimum
of 1 h while holding the air temperature between 0.5 C to 3 C.
Lower the room temperature to within 7 C and 3 C while continuing the water spray. The
rate of temperature change is not critical and may be whatever is obtainable with available
refrigeration apparatus.
Hold the room temperature within 7 C and 3 C and continue to spray until the specified
thickness of ice can be measured on the top surface of the test bar. The amount of water should
be controlled to cause ice to build up over the entire disconnect/grounding switch at the rate of
approximately 6 mm/h.
Discontinue the spray and maintain the room temperature within 7 C and 3 C for a period of
at least 4 h. This makes certain that all parts of the disconnect switch and the ice coating have
assumed a constant temperature. Following this ageing period, the satisfactory operation of the
disconnect/grounding switch, including its auxiliary equipment, shall be checked.
6.22.3.1 Checking of operation

If the disconnect or grounding switch is manually operated, the test will be considered as satisfactorily
completed if the apparatus has been operated to its final closed or open position, and if it does not sustain
damage which may later interfere with its mechanical or electrical performance. If the disconnect or
grounding switch is electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically operated, the test will be considered as
satisfactorily completed if the apparatus has been operated on the first attempt up to its final closed or
open position by the operating device supplied at its rated voltage or pressure, and if it does not sustain
damage which may later interfere with its mechanical or electrical performance.
The following tests will demonstrate that the disconnect or grounding switch is able to withstand its rated
normal current, rated short-time withstand current, and rated peak withstand current, as applicable:
Immediately after the closing operation by checking the galvanic contact with a battery and lamp
arrangement using a maximum voltage of 100 V
With the temperature restored to normal ambient by measuring the resistance of the main current
path which shall not show significant change
6.22.4 Tests on the power kinematic chain

See A.4.
6.22.5 Test results
Each test is passed if after the test the position-indicating device indicates correctly the position of the
moving contact and there is no permanent distortion on the position-indicating kinematic chain. If a
distortion or break occurs in the power kinematic chain upstream of the connecting point, it is permitted to
replace components in order to complete the required operations. This shall be mentioned in the type test
report.
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IEEE Std C37.122-2010

7. Routine testing
The following tests shall be routinely performed on each component or assembly during production as
noted. In addition routine tests shall be performed on included equipment which design is governed by
separate standards (i.e., circuit breakers, instrument transformers, bushings, and surge arresters) in
accordance with the applicable standards.
7.1 Dielectric test of main circuit 37

7.1.1 Power-frequency withstand voltage test
Dielectric withstand tests shall be performed on each switchgear assembly at the minimum gas pressure.
Routine dielectric tests shall be conducted to verify the one-minute withstand level specified in Table 1
for the following conditions:
Phase to ground
Phase to phase (if a three-phase enclosure assembly)
Across open switching device line-to-ground voltage shall be applied (this may be conducted
from one side of the switch only)
For power-frequency dielectric testing, frequencies from 48 Hz to 62 Hz are considered equivalent.

7.1.2 Partial discharge testing
The measurement of partial discharges shall be performed to detect possible material and manufacturing
defects. Partial discharge tests shall be performed in accordance with 6.2.9. The measurement of partial
discharges shall be performed with dielectric tests after mechanical routine tests. The test shall be carried
out on all components of the gas-insulated switchgear. It may be performed on the complete installation,
if applicable, or on transport units or on individual components. Tests on simple components containing
no solid insulation may be excluded.
7.2 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits 38

7.2.1 General
Inspection of auxiliary and control circuits, and verification of conformity to the circuit diagrams and
wiring diagrams shall be made.
The nature of the materials, the quality of assembly, the finish and, if necessary, the protective coatings
against corrosion shall be checked. A visual inspection is also necessary to check the satisfactory
installation of the thermal insulation.
A visual inspection of actuators, interlocks, locks, etc., shall be made.
Components for auxiliary and control circuits inside enclosures shall be checked for proper mounting.
The location of the means provided for connecting external wiring shall be checked that there is sufficient
wiring space for spreading of the cores of multi-core cables and for the proper connection of the
conductors.
37
38
53
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

The conductors and cables shall be checked for proper routing. Special attention shall be given to make
certain that no mechanical damage can occur to conductors and cables due to the proximity of sharp edges
or heating elements, or to the movement of moving parts.
The identification of components and terminals and, if applicable, the identification of cables and wiring
shall be verified. Auxiliary and control circuits shall conform to the schematics, wiring diagrams, and
technical data provided by the manufacturer. Technical data may include the number, class, type, capacity
of available contacts, and electrical power of shunt releases (other than auxiliary and control contacts,
electrical power of shunt releases, etc.).
7.2.2 Functional tests
A functional test of all low-voltage circuits shall be made to verify the proper functioning of auxiliary and
control circuits in conjunction with the other parts of the switchgear. The test procedures depend on the
nature and the complexity of the low-voltage circuits of the device. These tests are specified in the
relevant standards for switchgear. They shall be performed with the upper and lower limits values of the
supply voltage defined in 4.8.3 of IEEE Std C37 100.1.
Operation tests on low-voltage circuits, sub-assemblies and components can be omitted if they have been
fully tested during a test applied to the whole switchgear and controlgear.
7.2.3 Verification of protection against electrical shock
Protection against direct contact with the main circuit and safe accessibility to the auxiliary and control
equipment parts liable to be touched during normal operation shall be checked by visual inspection.
Where visual inspection is not considered sufficient, the electrical continuity of grounded metallic parts
should be checked by application of a dc current of at least 30 A between the metallic parts and the
grounding point. The voltage drop shall be less than 3 V.
7.2.4 Dielectric tests
Only power-frequency withstand voltage tests shall be performed. This test shall be made under the same
conditions as those detailed in 6.2.10. All control wiring associated with current and linear coupler
transformer secondaries and potential device secondaries shall receive a power-frequency withstand test
of 2500 V for one minute. All other control wiring shall receive a power-frequency withstand test of 1500
V for 1 min or 1800 V for 1 sec.
7.3 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit

7.4 Tightness tests

Leakage tests on the shipping assemblies to confirm compliance with allowable leakage rate shall be
performed.
7.5 Pressure tests of enclosures 39

Pressure tests shall be made on enclosures after complete machining. The standard test pressure shall be:
39
54
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

1.3 times design pressure for welded aluminum and welded steel enclosures
2 times design pressure for cast aluminum and composite aluminum enclosures
The test pressure shall be maintained for at least 1 min. No rupture or permanent deformation should
occur during this test.
7.6 Mechanical operation tests 40

Operation tests are made to verify that the switching devices comply with the prescribed operating
conditions and that the mechanical interlocks work properly.
Switching devices of GIS shall be submitted to a mechanical routine test in accordance with their relevant
standards. All position indication devices shall be verified to be in proper working order. The mechanical
routine tests can be made before or after assembly of transport units.
7.7 Tests on auxiliary circuits, equipment, and interlocks in the control

mechanism 41
All auxiliary equipment shall be tested either by a functional operation or by verification of the continuity
of wiring. Settings of relays or sensors shall be checked.
The electrical, pneumatic, and other interlocks, together with control devices having a predetermined
sequence of operations, shall be tested five times in succession in the intended conditions of use and
operation and with the most unfavorable limit values of auxiliary supply. During the test no adjustment
shall be made.
The tests are considered to be satisfactory if the auxiliary devices have operated properly, if they are in
good operating condition after the tests, and if the force to operate the switching device is practically the
same before and after the tests.
NOTEThese tests may be performed at the installation site if this location is more practical.
7.8 Pressure test on partitions 42

Each partition shall be subjected to a pressure test at twice the design pressure for 1 min in the weakest
direction. For the pressure test the partition shall be secured in exactly the same manner as in service. The
partition shall not show any sign of overstress or leakage.
8. Gas handling
Precautions and requirements for handling sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) are discussed in IEC 62271-303
(or IEEE P1712, Draft 7, August 2007). It is important that these precautions and requirements be
followed.
9. Field testing
The following subclauses establish the requirements for testing the GIS after installation, assembly, and
wiring in the field and before placing into commercial service.
40
42
41
55
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

The purpose of these tests is to verify that all the GIS components perform satisfactorily, both electrically
and mechanically, after assembly in the field. Field tests provide a method of demonstrating that the GIS
apparatus has been assembled and wired correctly.
These field tests are to be performed on new installations, additions to existing installations, and
recommended after reassembly subsequent to major dismantling for maintenance and repair.
The manufacturer and the user should agree on the detailed field testing plan to be used for each GIS
installation.
9.1 Mechanical tests: leakage

All gas compartments shall be filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) or a required gas mixture to the
manufacturers required rated filling pressure and tested to detect any gas leaks (typically with a hand
held gas leakage detector). These leak tests shall include field-assembled enclosure joints, field welds of
enclosures, field connected gas monitoring devices, and field connected gas valves and gas piping. By
agreement between manufacturer and user, factory assembled joints and special test procedures may be
included.
9.2 Mechanical tests: gas quality (moisture, purity, and density)

The moisture content of the gas shall be measured prior to energization. In order to get a reliable
measurement, the moisture content shall be measured some time after filling as recommended by the
manufacturer. The moisture content shall not exceed the limit prescribed by the manufacturer or as agreed
to between the manufacturer and user, whichever value is lower.
The purity of the gas, as a percentage of SF6, shall be verified prior to energization. The gas purity shall
meet the requirements prescribed by the manufacturer.
The density of the gas shall be measured and verified to be in accordance with the manufacturers
nominal rated filling requirements.
9.3 Electrical tests: continuity, conductivity, and resistivity

The GIS grounding connections shall be tested for electrical continuity.
Resistivity measurements of the main current carrying circuits shall be made on all the bus connecting
joints, circuit breakers, disconnecting switches, grounding switches, bushings, and power cable
connections to demonstrate and verify that they are within the manufacturers specifications. Because live
parts are inaccessibile, it is not possible to measure the resistance of individual components. The
resistance readings may be obtained for several components connected in series. The manufacturer shall
supply factory resistance values of the accessible components in series as a base for verifying test results
in the field.
The resistivity measurements shall not exceed the maximum values permissible limits (see 7.3) taking
into account the differences of the two test arrangements (number of components, contacts and
connections, length of conductors, etc.).
9.4 Electrical tests: low frequency ac voltage withstand

The gaseous and solid insulation (dielectrics) of the GIS shall be subjected to a low frequency (30 Hz to
200 Hz) conditioning voltage application at voltage levels and durations specified by the manufacturer.
The conditioning voltage application shall be followed by a one minute low frequency (30 Hz to 200 Hz)
56
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

voltage withstand test at 80% of the rated low frequency withstand voltage listed in Table 1. Other tests
may be performed subject to user-manufacturer agreements.
The conditioning voltage application and the one minute low frequency voltage withstand test shall be
performed after the GIS has been completely installed and the gas compartments have been filled to the
manufacturers recommended nominal rated fill density.
9.5 Electrical tests: low frequency ac voltage withstand requirements and

conditions
Voltage withstand tests shall be made between each energized phase and the grounded enclosure. For
enclosures containing all three phases, each phase shall be tested, one at a time, with the enclosure and the
other two phases grounded. The insulation between each two phase conductors are not required to be
subjected to any other field voltage withstand tests.
Before voltage withstand tests are initiated, all power transformers, surge arresters, protective gaps, power
cables, and overhead transmission lines shall be disconnected. Voltage transformers shall be tested up to
the saturation voltage of the transformer at the frequency of the test.
The voltage shall be applied in steps and gradually raised as specified by the manufacturer to the full field
test voltage level (see 9.4). It is possible that a flashover may occur during the application of the
conditioning voltage. The acceptability of flashovers during the conditioning voltage application depends
on whether the flashover damaged an insulator. The likelihood of such damage is dependent on the
voltage level when the flashover occurred, the location in the GIS where the flashover occurred, the
length of bus duct connected to the test voltage source, and the particular design characteristics of the
insulator. If the GIS successfully withstands the full field test voltage after a conditioning voltage or full
field test voltage breakdown has occurred, it can generally be expected that no reduction in dielectric
strength has occurred nor will occur in service.
A measurement of partial discharges may be performed to detect possible intrusion of conductive particles
or damage to high-voltage insulating components occurring during factory testing, transportation, or
installation. The gas-insulated switchgear shall be essentially free of partial discharge. The procedure for
partial measurement and interpretations shall be provided by manufacturer and agreed between user and
manufacturer.
9.6 Electrical tests: low frequency ac voltage withstand configurations and

applications
When the GIS equipment being tested is connected to GIS apparatus that is in-service, the in-service GIS
apparatus shall be electrically isolated from the GIS apparatus to be tested. Suitable grounds shall be
applied between the in-service GIS and the GIS to be tested to verify that the test voltage cannot cause
service disruptions nor can the service voltage cause severe damage to the testing apparatus or danger to
the testing personnel. It is possible that the test voltage is 180 degrees out of phase with the in-service
voltage, thereby potentially exposing the open gap of a disconnect switch, being used for isolation, to
voltages in excess of what can be withstood.
Due to the electrical loading restrictions of the testing apparatus, it may be necessary to isolate sections of
the GIS equipment using open disconnects and test each section separately. This may require that portions
of the GIS apparatus be subjected to more than one test voltage application. The sections which are not
being tested, and which are isolated by a disconnect switch from the section being tested, shall be
grounded.
The test voltage source may be connected to any convenient point of the phase being tested.
57
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

9.7 Electrical tests: dc voltage withstand tests

A dc voltage withstand test is not recommended on a completed GIS. However, it may be necessary to
perform a dc voltage withstand test on power cables connected to a GIS. These test voltages would, by
necessity, be applied from the end of the cable opposite from the GIS, therefore subjecting a small portion
of the GIS to the dc voltage. It is recommended that the portion of the GIS subjected to this dc voltage be
kept as small as possible. The manufacturer should be consulted before performing these tests.
9.8 Electrical tests: assessment of the ac voltage withstand test

The switchgear shall be considered to have passed the ac voltage withstand test if each section has
withstood the specified test voltage without any disruptive discharge. In the event of a disruptive
discharge occurring during dielectric tests on site, the tests shall be repeated.
9.9 Electrical tests: tests on auxiliary circuits

Dielectric, continuity, and resistivity tests shall be performed on all interconnecting control wiring
installed in the field.
9.10 Mechanical and electrical functional tests: checks and verifications

The following shall be verified:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
The conformity of the assembly shall be verified to be in accordance with the manufacturers
drawings and instructions.
An external visual inspection to detect defects shall be performed.
The torque of all bolts and connections installed in the field shall be verified to be in accordance
with the manufacturers specifications.
The proper function of each electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, key, or combination of
interlock methods shall be verified for correct operation in both the permissive and blocking
condition.
The proper function of the controls, gas, pneumatic, and hydraulic monitoring and alarming
systems, protective and regulating equipment, operation counters, including heaters and lights
shall be verified.
Each mechanical and electrical position indicator for each circuit breaker, disconnect switch, and
grounding switch, shall be verified to correctly indicate the devices position, both open and
closed.
The conformity of the gas zones, gas zone identification, gas valves, gas valve positions, and
interconnecting piping shall be verified to be in accordance with the manufacturers and users
specifications.
The operational/function verifications of each circuit breaker, disconnect switch, and grounding
switch, shall be performed. Circuit breaker timing tests shall be performed.
The correct operation of compressors, pumps, auxiliary contacts, pole disagreement, and antipump schemes shall be verified to be in conformance with the manufacturers and users
specifications
The field wiring shall be verified in accordance with the manufacturers drawings.
The saturation, polarity, turns ratio, and secondary resistance of each current transformer
including all connected secondary wiring, shall be verified to be in accordance with the
manufacturers and users specifications
58
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

l)
The turns ratio and polarity of each tap of each voltage transformer, including all connected
secondary wiring, shall be verified to be in accordance with the manufacturers and users
specifications. Secondary voltage measurements shall be made on each tap during the high
potential test.
9.11 Mechanical and electrical tests: documentation

Equipment ratings and identifications (nameplate data) shall be documented on a form detailing test data
and test instruments used. As applicable, each form shall include the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Date and time of test

Identification of person performing test
Humidity, temperature, and barometric pressure
Temperature of apparatus being tested
Location of apparatus being tested
Test equipment used and calibration date
Equipment nameplate data
Station configuration during test
Single line of station
Test data
Calculations
Gas pressure
Acceptance criteria
59
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Annex A
(normative)
Switch testing procedures
A.1 Bus-transfer making and breaking tests
43
A.1.1 Arrangement of the disconnect switch for tests

The disconnect switch under test shall be completely mounted on its own support or on an equivalent
support. Its operating device shall be used in the manner prescribed and in particular, if it is power
operated, at the minimum supply voltage. Before commencing making and breaking tests, no-load
operations shall be made and details of the operating characteristics of the disconnect switch such as
speed of travel, closing time and opening time, shall be recorded. Disconnect switch tests shall be
performed at the minimum gas density.
Disconnect switches having a manual operating device may be operated by remote control using a power
operating means such that operating speeds equivalent to those resulting from manual operation are
obtained.
Tests shall be conducted to prove that a manually operated disconnect switch will operate satisfactorily at
the minimum operating speed expected, as stated by the manufacturer.
Consideration shall be given to the effects of energization of both terminals of the disconnect switch.
When the physical arrangement of one side of the disconnect switch differs from that of the other side, the
supply side of the test circuit shall be connected to the side which represents the most onerous condition.
In case of doubt, 50% of the breaking and making tests shall be carried out with the supply side of the test
circuit connected to one side of the disconnect switch and 50% with the supply connected to the other
side.
Only single-phase tests on one pole of a three-pole disconnect switch need be performed provided that the
pole is not in a more favorable condition than the complete three-pole disconnect switch with respect to:
Speed of make
Speed of break
Influence of adjacent phases
Single-phase tests are adequate to demonstrate the making and breaking performance of a disconnect
switch.
A.1.2 Grounding of the test circuit and disconnect switch
The frame of the GIS disconnect switch enclosure shall be grounded. The test circuit shall be grounded as
shown in Figure A.1. For gas-insulated disconnect switches, it may be necessary to use an alternative test
circuit. See A.1.6.
43
60
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

A.1.3 Test frequency

Disconnect switches shall preferably be tested at rated power frequency; however, for convenience of
testing, tests may be performed at either 50 Hz or 60 Hz, and are considered to be equivalent.
A.1.4 Test voltage
The test voltage shall be selected so as to yield the required rated bus-transfer voltage (0/+10%) across
the open disconnect switch terminals as given in Table 3.
The test voltage shall be measured immediately after current interruption.
As stated in A.1.1, only single-pole tests are normally required. If three-pole tests are required, then the
test voltage of each phase shall not differ from the average test voltage by more than 10%.
The power-frequency recovery test voltage shall be maintained for at least 0.3 s after interruption.
A.1.5 Test current
The test current shall be equal to the rated bus-transfer current (0/+10%) as defined in 6.17. The test
current shall be measured before the opening operation of the disconnect switch. The current to be
interrupted shall be symmetrical with negligible decrement. The contacts of the disconnect switch shall
not be separated until transient currents, due to the closing of the circuit, have subsided.
If three-pole tests are performed, the test current is the average of the current in all three poles.
The test current for each phase shall not differ from the average test current by more than 10%.
A.1.6 Test circuits
Field tests or laboratory tests may be made. For laboratory tests, the test circuits A and B, Figure A.1,
shall have a power factor not exceeding 0.15. Either test circuit may be used at the convenience of the test
laboratory.
The characteristic values of the test circuit components, UBT and ZBT, are selected to provide the required
test current and the power-frequency recovery voltage.
If three-pole tests are required, the three-phase test circuit shall incorporate the same elements in each
phase as for the single-phase test circuit in order to yield the appropriate test voltages and currents. The
neutral of the supply circuit shall be grounded.
Other test circuits may be used which will produce the required test currents and voltages, and the proper
transient recovery voltage (TRV) parameters.
In the case of gas-insulated disconnect switches the insulation integrity to ground during switching is
normally not in question. In case of doubt, tests may be conducted with the rated phase-to-ground voltage
of the disconnect switch applied to the enclosure. A separate voltage source may be used.
For field tests, it may not be possible to achieve the required tolerances on the test currents and voltages.
These requirements may be waived upon agreement between the manufacturer and the user.
The prospective TRV waveforms should have the form of a triangular wave due to the surge impedance
of the connected bus system. For convenience in testing, however, transient recovery voltages having a (1
cos) form may be used, having a frequency of not less than 10 kHz and a prospective amplitude factor
not less than 1.5.
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IEEE Std C37.122-2010

TRV control components may be added to the test circuit.

The arc voltage of the disconnect switch under test will typically be relatively high compared to the test
voltage. This will result in a significant damping of the TRV and a phase shift in the current such that the
test current will be practically in phase with the test voltage. The TRV parameters (rate-of-rise and peak
value), therefore, are not significant and a detailed specification is not required.
Figure A.1Bus-transfer current test circuit for making and breaking tests
A.2 Switching of bus charging currents by disconnect switches

72.5 kV and above 44
A.2.1 Arrangement of the disconnect switch for tests
The operating device of the disconnect switch under test shall be operated in the manner specified by the
manufacturer and, in particular, if it is power operated, it shall be operated at the specified minimum
supply voltage and/or minimum pressure.
44
62
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Before commencing the making and breaking tests, no-load operations shall be made and details of the
operating characteristics of the disconnect switch such as closing time and opening time shall be recorded.
Tests shall be performed at the minimum functional density. Associated compartments shall be at their
minimum gas density as well. In most cases the physical arrangement of the disconnect switch involves
asymmetries (for example asymmetrical shields, or moving contact/fixed contact differences, etc.). For
these cases, the arrangement of the disconnect switch shall be such as to perform the test under the most
onerous conditions. For test duty 1, the most onerous arrangement is considered to be that which results in
maximum pre-striking distance for the closing operation. For test duty 2 and test duty 3, see 6.18.2. The
physical arrangement of the disconnect switch is considered to be of minor importance.
For disconnect switches having three phases in one enclosure, three-phase tests are desirable. However,
single-phase tests, as specified, can be accepted to demonstrate the making and breaking performance.
The two remaining phases not involved in the switching process shall be grounded at both terminals.
Disconnect switches are preferably tested at rated power frequency. For convenience of testing, however,
tests may be performed at either 50 Hz or 60 Hz and are considered to be equivalent.
A.2.3 Test voltages for making and breaking tests
During making and breaking tests the power-frequency voltage shall be maintained for at least 0.3 s
before and after the switching operation. In the case of a dc pre-charge voltage at the load side (test duty
1), the dc voltage shall be applied according to the specified level for 1 min before the close operation.
The load side shall not be grounded between the open and close operations. The test circuit should not
contain elements that cause a decay of the trapped charge.
With reference to Figure A.2, Figure A.4, and Figure A.5, the test voltages at source side and load side of
the test arrangement shall be applied as given in Table A.1 and are valid for the open disconnect switch.
In the case of test duty 3, the test voltage can be higher when the disconnect switch is in the closed
position. This is caused by resonance phenomena, especially if the impedance of the supplying
transformer is high, which is normal for transformers used for dielectric ac voltage tests.
NOTEThe above-mentioned voltage increase will enhance the test conditions. It should not be more than 10%.
Table A.1Test voltages for making and breaking tests
NOTE 1Test Ur is the rated voltage.

NOTE 2Test The factor 1.1 has been chosen to take into account statistical effects which are inherent in this kind
of switching phenomena, and to restrict the number of test operations to those specified in Table 10. As test duty 3
should only indicate the switching capability of the disconnect this enhancement of the test voltage is not necessary.
63
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Figure A.2Test circuit for test duty 1

A.2.4 Switching of a very short section of bus duct, test duty 1
Figure A.2 shows the test circuit for test duty 1. The load side shall be represented by a section of bus, d2
3 m to 5 m in length. The connection to the supply side shall be realized by another section of bus, d1 in
length. In order to obtain representative very fast transient (VFT) conditions, the ratio d2/d1, shall be in the
range of 0.36 to 0.52. The source-side circuit shall have an added lumped capacitance, C1. The value of C1
shall be chosen so that the peak value of the voltage to ground at the disconnect switch terminals is met as
defined in A.2.5 Before starting a closing operation, the load side shall be charged by dc voltage
according to Table A.1, and the dc voltage source disconnected by the auxiliary disconnect switch, DA.
Bus lengths d1 and d2 are understood to be taken as the following distances:
d1: open contact of the disconnect switch under test (DT) to the bushing connection
d2: open contact of the disconnect switch under test (DT) to the open contact of the auxiliary
disconnect switch (DA)
A.2.5 Transient voltage values
The voltage transients at the disconnect switch location during a close operation are used to characterize
the behavior of the test circuit and to make certain of consistent overvoltage characteristics under test
conditions. Two distinct aspects of transient voltages are of importance: these are the very fast transient
(VFT) phenomena and the fast transient (FT) phenomena. The VFT phenomena are determined by the
circuit arrangement as described in A.2.4. The circuit response for the fast transient phenomena shall be
verified at least once for the test arrangement by direct measurement (see 6.18.8) under the following
conditions:
Source-side test voltage: U r
Load-side voltage: 0 (no pre-charge)
64
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

or these conditions: the peak value of the transient voltage to ground U TVE at the first prestrike during a
close operation shall be not less than 1.4 U r 2 3 (for practical purposes a variation of 5% is
considered acceptable) and the time to peak shall be less than 500 ns (Figure A.3).
Figure A.3Typical voltage waveform (Including VFT and FT components)

A.2.6 Out-of-phase switching, test duty 2
Figure A.4 shows the test circuit for out-of-phase switching. The parallel capacitance CP of a circuit
breaker may be represented by the actual circuit breaker or by an adequate capacitance of equal or higher
value than the capacitance used in service. The shortest possible connection d3 between capacitor (circuit
breaker) and disconnect switch shall be established. The lengths of the other test circuit parts are not
specified, but preferably they should be realized as short as possible using standard components.
The lumped capacitance C L (Figure A.4) shall be of a value not less than 400 pF. The ratio C1/CL shall be
in the range of 4 to 6.
65
IEEE Std C37.122-2010


A.2.7 Current switching capability test, test duty 3
The test circuit shown in Figure A.5 applies. For this type of switching, the specific lengths of the bus
sections are of no significance. On the load side a lumped capacitance CL shall be added in order to
achieve the specified bus-charging current as given in Table 9 with a tolerance of 10%. In order to
reduce resonance effects which can be caused due to a high source impedance, connection of a lumped
capacitance C1 of any value is acceptable to the source side.
A.3 Induced current switching of grounding switches

A.3.1 Arrangement of the grounding switch for tests
The grounding switch under test shall be installed in the GIS as it will be in service and completely
mounted on its own support or on an equivalent support. Its operating device shall be operated in the
manner prescribed and, in particular, if it is electrically or pneumatically operated, it shall be operated
either at the minimum supply voltage or at the minimum air pressure, respectively.
66
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Before commencing making and breaking tests, no-load operations shall be made and details of the
operating characteristics of the grounding switch, such as speed of travel, closing time and opening time,
shall be recorded.
Tests shall be performed at the minimum functional density.
Grounding switches having a manual operating device may be operated by remote control utilizing a
power operating means such that operating speeds equivalent to those resulting from manual operation are
obtained.
Tests shall be conducted to prove that a manually operated grounding switch will operate satisfactorily at
the minimum operating speed expected, as stated by the manufacturer.
Only single-phase tests on one pole of a three-pole grounding switch need be performed provided that the
pole is not in a more favorable condition than the complete three-pole grounding switch with respect to
Speed of make
Speed of break
Influence of adjacent phases
Single-phase tests are adequate to demonstrate the making and breaking performance of grounding switch.
A.3.2 Grounding of test circuit and grounding switch
The test circuit shall be grounded through the terminal of the grounding switch which is normally
connected to ground. The frame of the GIS enclosure shall be grounded.
Grounding switches shall preferably be tested at rated power frequency; however, for convenience of
testing, tests may be performed at 48 Hz to 62 Hz.
A.3.4 Test voltage
The test voltages shall be selected such as to yield the appropriate power-frequency voltage (+10/0%)
across the grounding switch terminals, as shown in Table 11, before making and after breaking. For
electromagnetically induced current switching, the test voltage shall be measured immediately after
current interruption. For electrostatically induced current switching, the test voltage shall be measured
immediately prior to making of the grounding switch.
As noted in A.3.1, only single-phase tests are normally required. If three-phase tests are required, then the
test voltage of each phase shall not be different from the average test voltage by more than 10%.
The power-frequency test voltage shall be maintained for at least 0.3 s after interruption.
A.3.5 Test currents
The test currents shall be equal to the rated induced currents (0/+10%) as shown in Table 4.
The current to be interrupted shall be symmetrical with negligible decrement. The contacts of the
grounding switch shall not be separated until transient currents due to closing of the circuit have subsided.
67
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

If three-phase making and breaking tests are performed, the test current shall be measured as the average
of the current in all three phases. The test current for each phase shall not be different from the average
test current by more than 10%.
Before contact separation, the waveform of the test current for capacitive current breaking tests shall be,
as nearly as possible, sinusoidal. This condition is considered to be satisfied if the ratio of the rms value of
the total current to the rms value of the fundamental component does not exceed 1.2. The test current shall
not go through zero more than once per half cycle of power frequency before contact separation.
A.3.6 Test circuits
Field tests or laboratory tests may be made. For laboratory tests, the transmission lines may be replaced
by lumped elements consisting of capacitors, inductors, and resistors.
If three-phase tests are required, the three-phase test circuit shall incorporate the same elements in each
phase as for the single-phase test circuit in order to yield the appropriate test voltages and currents. The
neutral of the supply circuit shall be grounded.
NOTE 1Test circuits other than those specified may be used as long as they produce the required test currents and
voltages and the proper transient recovery voltage parameters.
NOTE 2For field tests, it may not be possible to achieve the required tolerances on the test currents and voltages.
These requirements may be waived upon agreement between the manufacturer and user. It should be noted that if
voltage transformers are connected to the grounded voltage line being switched, ferro-resonance may occur during
switching depending upon the characteristics of the transformer and the length of the grounded line.
A.3.6.1 Test circuit for electromagnetically induced current making and breaking tests
The single-phase test circuit (Figure A.6) consists of a supply circuit yielding the appropriate test voltage
and test current such that the circuit power factor does not exceed 0.15. The components R and C are
selected to yield the appropriate transient recovery voltage parameters. The damping resistance R may be
connected in series or in parallel with the capacitance C.
The values of supply voltage (UL) and inductance (L) may be calculated from the values given in Table 4
so as to produce the proper values of test current and power-frequency recovery voltage.
The prospective transient recovery voltage waveforms should have the form of a triangular wave due to
the surge impedance of the connected transmission lines. For convenience in testing, however, transient
recovery voltages having a (1-cos) form may be used. Values of R and C may be selected to yield the
proper transient recovery voltage parameters specified in Table 11.
A.3.6.2 Test circuits for electrostatically induced current making and breaking test
The test circuits 1 or 2 in Figure A.7 can be selected as suitable for the test laboratory, since, as long as
the equations within the circuit parameters are satisfied, they are equivalent.
The power factor of the test circuit shall not exceed 0.15. The values of supply voltage (UC), inductance L
and capacitance C2 for test circuit 1 may be calculated from the given values of C1 in Figure A.7 and the
rated current and voltage values in Table 4, by using the equations noted in Figure A.7. This will result in
the appropriate values of test current and voltage as well as the proper inrush current frequency and test
circuit surge impedance. Values for test circuit 2, Figure A.7, may be calculated from the values derived
for test circuit 1, Figure A.7.
A resistance (R), not exceeding 10% of the capacitive impedance [ (C1 + C2 )] = C1' , as seen from the
disconnect switch, may be inserted in the circuits as shown in Figure A.7. The value chosen, however,
68
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

should not be greater than the surge impedance of the transmission line considered, nor lead to an
aperiodic damping of the inrush current when closing the grounding switch.
Table A.2Test circuit capacitances (C1 values) for electrostatically induced current
making and breaking tests
Test circuit capacitance 10%
Rated voltage
Class A
Class B
(F)
(F)
72.5
0.07
0.27
100
0.07
0.27
123
0.07
0.27
145
0.13
0.27
170
0.13
0.27
245
0.15
0.27
300
0.15
0.80
362
0.29
1.18
420
0.29
1.18
550
0.35
1.47
800
0.35
1.47
(kV)
NOTEValues of C1 may be calculated from the expression: C1 = (6D) / (Z0)

where D is the line length in km and Z0 is the line surge impedance in .
Surge impedance assumed: 52 kV to 170 kV: 425 ; 245 kV to 300 kV: 380 ; 362 kV to 800 kV: 325 .
Figure A.6Test circuit for electromagnetically induced current making and breaking
tests
69
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Where:
Z0 is the surge impedance of the line:
425 for rated voltages of 52 kV up to and including 170 kV
Key:
iR is the rated induced current from Table 4
UR is the rated induced voltage from Table 4
C1 is the test circuit capacitance given in Table A.2
Figure A.7Test circuit for electrostatically induced current making and breaking tests
70
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

A.4 Tests on the power kinematic chain 45
Key:
_________
power kinematic chain
-------indicating kinematic chain
a) Principle of the mechanical connection
b) Measuring phase (except A.4.1)
c) Testing phase (except A.4.2)
NOTEUpstream is the sense toward the source of energy, downstream is the sense toward the contacts.
Figure A.8Position-indicating device

A.4.1 Disconnect switches and grounding switches with dependent power operation
without strain limiting device
Electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic operating mechanisms:
The test shall be carried out according to the following procedure (refer to Figure A.8):
a)
b)
c)
The power kinematic chain is opened at the opening point.

The operating mechanism is supplied with 110% of its rated supply voltage or rated supply
pressure and the resulting force (Fm) or torque (Tm) is measured at the opening point after an
opening or closing command given to the mechanism.
1.5 Fm or 1.5 Tm is applied at the opening point of the power kinematic chain downstream of the
opening point, the disconnect switch or grounding switch being in its relevant test position.
Test results: refer to 6.22.4.

The operating mechanism itself may be used to apply 1.5 times the maximum force/torque.
45
Extracts used from Annex A of IEC 62271-102 with permission. Copyright 2001 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch.
71
IEEE Std C37.122-2010

A.4.2 Disconnect switches and grounding switches with dependent manual operation
without strain limiting device
The test shall be carried out according to the following procedure:
a)
b)
the disconnect switch or grounding switch is put in the test position;

a force of 750 N is applied halfway along the length of the gripping part of the operating handle
of the operating mechanism.

In the case of a switching device with both types of mechanisms according to A.4.1 and A.4.2, the
force/torque to be applied at the opening point shall be the highest value.
A.4.3 Disconnect switches and grounding switches with independent power/manual
operation with strain limiting device
a)
b)
c)

The force (Fm) or the torque (Tm) transmitted by the strain limiting device is measured upstream
of the opening point while attempting to operate the switching device, either by actuating the
power operated mechanism or by hand, until the strain limiting device operates. The operating
mechanism is supplied with 110% of its rated supply voltage or rated supply pressure or, in the
case of a manual operating mechanism, a force up to the operation of the strain limiting device
with a maximum of 750 N is applied halfway along the length of the gripping part of the
operating handle of the operating mechanism.S
A force of 1.5 Fm or a torque of 1.5 Tm is applied at the opening point of the power kinematic
chain downstream of the opening point, the disconnect switch or grounding switch being in its
relevant test position.

operation being actuated by the release of latching devices without strain limiting device
a)
b)
c)
d)

The operating energy is stored in the mechanism (the energy may be stored in the operating
mechanism either by hand or by power).
The mechanism is given an opening or closing command and the resulting force (Fm) or torque
(Tm) is measured at the opening point.
A force of 1.5 Fm or a torque of 1.5 Tm is applied at the opening point of the power kinematic
chain downstream of the opening point, the disconnect switch or grounding switch being in its
relevant test position.
72
IEEE Std C37.122-2010


operation with or without strain limiting device
a)
b)

The operating mechanism is supplied with 110% of its rated supply voltage or rated supply
pressure and the force (Fm) or the torque (Tm) transmitted is measured at the opening point.
NOTE 3 Depending on the type of mechanism, the opening or closing command may lead to storing of the
operating energy in the mechanism before it is released to the kinematic power chain.
In the case of a manual operating mechanism, a force up to 750 N shall be applied halfway along the
length of the gripping part of the operating handle and the force (Fm) or the torque (Tm) transmitted is
measured at the opening point of the operating mechanism;
NOTE 4Depending on the type of mechanism, the manual opening or closing operation may lead to the storing of
the operating energy in the mechanism before it is released to the kinematic power chain.
A force of 1.5 Fm or a torque of 1.5 Tm, whichever is the highest when both power and manual operation
are provided, is applied at the opening point of the power kinematic chain downstream of the opening
point, the disconnect switch or grounding switch being in its relevant test position.
A.5 Test on the position-indicating kinematic chain

When the position-indicating device is marked directly on a mechanical part of the power kinematic chain
no test is required. If, during service operations, the part of the position-indicating kinematic chain
between the power kinematic chain and the position-indicating device is inside an enclosure providing a
minimum degree of protection equivalent to IP2XC of IEC 62271-1 and which has passed a mechanical
impact test at a preferred impact level of IK07 according to IEC 62262 with an energy of 2 J, no
supplementary tests are required but the following remarks shall be considered. The blows shall be
applied to the points of the enclosure that are likely to be the weakest in relation to the protection of the
indicating kinematic chain and the indicating device. In all other cases, a test shall be carried out blocking
the position-indicating device instead of the moving contact.
73

IEEE C37.122 IEEE Standard For Gas-Insulated Substations

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IEEE C37.122 IEEE Standard For Gas-Insulated Substations

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IEEE Standard for High Voltage

IEEE Power & Energy Society

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

IEEE Std C37.122TM-2010

IEEE Standard for High Voltage

Substations and Switchgear Committees

IEEE Power & Energy Society

IEEE-SA Standards Board

American National Standards Institute

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Updating of IEEE documents

Young Kyun Kim

5.28 Disconnect switches ........................................................................................................................ 28

Annex A (normative) Switch testing procedures.......................................................................................... 60

IEEE Standard for High Voltage

1.2 Normative references

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

ANSI/ASME B31.1, Power Piping.

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

2. Normal (usual) and special (unusual) service conditions

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

2.2.4 Exposure to abnormal vibration, shock, or tilting

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Rated maximum voltage (V) or (Ur)

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

4.1 Rated maximum voltage (V) or (Ur)

4.2 Rated insulation level (Ud, Us, Up)

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 1 Preferred rated insulation values

Rated powerfrequency withstand

Rated switching impulse withstand

Rated lightning impulse withstand

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

4.2.1 Rated switching impulse withstand voltage

4.3 Rated power frequency (fr)

4.4 Rated continuous (normal) current and temperature rise

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 2 Allowable maximum temperature and allowable temperature rise

Maximum temperature rise

Points contacted during routine operation and

Which are expected to be contacted in normal

Which need not to be contacted in normal

Nature of the part

4.5 Rated short-time withstand current (Ik)

4.6 Rated peak withstand current (Ip)

4.7 Rated duration of short-circuit (tk)

4.10 Rated bus-transfer voltage and current 10

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 3 Bus-transfer voltage

Gas-insulated disconnect switches

4.11 Rated induced current and voltage for grounding switches 11

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

Table 4 Standardized values of rated induced currents and voltages

Rated induced current

Rated induced voltage

Rated induced current

Rated induced voltage

4.12 Rated short-circuit making current for grounding switches

5. Design and construction

IEEE Std C37.122-2010

5.1 Requirements for liquid in switchgear