of the noise level as well as the fact that the water package

should fulfil current electrical, hygienic, and legal requirements.

1.3.3 Small centrifugal pumps for machine tool cutting
oil applications
Special pumps are used for pumping coolant/cutting oil, or
White Water, for machine tools, lathes, grinding machines, etc.
The liquid can be a specially blended oil or an emulsion of it in
water, the oil content being from 2% to 15%. The flow usually
varies between 0.3 and 20 m3/h with heads varying between 2
and 20m. This type of pump is standardised in Germany in accordance
with DIN 5440. This standard indicates both performance
and those dimensions which have an influence on
interchangeability. The pump unit is constructed so that the
pump casing is submerged in the liquid with the motor placed
outside the tank, Figure 1.4. The immersed depth is up to 500
mm. Due to this construction, no shaft seal is required.
BS 3766:1990 specifies ten sizes in the form of dimensions and
minimum performance characteristics for vertical top and side
mounted units. DIN 5440 specifies six pump sizes in submerged
and external forms. The French Standard, NF E44-301
incorporates DIN 5440 requirements. Normally coolant pumps
are manufactured in cast iron or aluminium alloy but there are
special types available in plastic. EN 12157, includes six sizes
of pumps, from 1.5m3/h to 15 m3/h, for depths from 90 mm to
550 mm.
1.3.4 Horizontal single-stage end-suction overhung
impeller centrifugal pumps (for general purposes
includes fixed irrigation pumps, EN 733 pumps)
Standard water pumps
These are pumps designed to operate with clean water, at temperatures
up to 80/120 ~ They are used for clean liquids comHorizontal compact pump with impeller
mounted on the motor shaft
(close coupled). End suction, top
discharge; central or tangential.
Vertical compact pump with impeller
mounted on the end of the motor
shaft (close-coupled). Inline
connections.
Figure 1.5 Various designs of standard pumps
patible with cast iron and in some special cases bronze. Impellers
may be cast iron, bronze or plastic. Small pumps will generally
not have wear rings. A wide range of styles and designs is
available, nevertheless, a classification into main categories
can be made in accordance with Figure 1.5.
Compact pumps with the impeller mounted directly on the motor
shaft end, close-coupled, are suitable for flows up to a maximum
of approximately 300 m3/h and for differential heads of up
to 100m. Casing pressure ratings can be up to 10 barg. Motor
output can be over 100 kW however, motors exceeding 20 kW
will require lifting facilities. Close coupled pumps rely on the
motor bearings to absorb axial thrust and radial loads. Suction
pressure may be restricted. Most of the hydraulics specified in
Section 1.3.4 for EN 733 pumps are also available in close coupled
units which do not comply with the dimensional part of the
Standard.
Smaller vertical compact pumps can often be mounted directly
in pipework without supports, this of course assumes that the
pipework has sufficient rigidity. Larger vertical compact pumps
have a foot to rest on a support. Normally the pump can be

mounted at any angle, with the exception that the motor must
not be located under the pump because of the risk of motor
damage in the event of seal leakage. Mounting, other than vertical,
can cause maintenance problems. Small pumps may
have female screwed connections as an alternative to flanges.
Space around the stuffing box is restricted and the choice of
packing and seal arrangements will be limited.
Pumps with bearing brackets, housing their own radial and axial
bearings, are available to cover most of the operational range
of close coupled pumps. Pumps with bearing brackets will not
have the same restrictions on suction pressure and sealing arrangements.
Somewhat larger pumps are produced in this configuration.
A coupling is required between pump and motor as is
a baseplate for horizontal units. These units are slightly longer
than the equivalent compact close coupled pump but more versatile.
Some pumps are designed to be back-pull-out; the complete
rotating assembly plus the bearing bracket can be removed
leaving the casing connected to the pipework. If a
spacer coupling to the motor is used, the pump can be maintained
without disturbing the pipework or the motor. These
pumps are capable of 2000 m3/h at differential heads of 160 m
and pressure ratings up to 16 barg.
EN ISO 9908 could be useful for both horizontal and vertical
pump requirements. BS 4082 could be useful for vertical pump
requirements. Stuffing box and seal cavities should comply with
ISO 3069.
Standard pumps to EN 733
In Germany and a few other European countries for many
years, there were standardised pumps for non-hazardous liquids.
The German Standard DIN 24255 was probably the most
popular. The German Standard has been replaced by a very
similar European Standard, EN 733. The Standard relates to
foot mounted horizontal pumps with a bearing bracket, see Fig-