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    Livro de Francis Ching

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    Livro de Francis Ching

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    3K views95 pages

    Architectural Graphics - Francis C K Ching

    Uploaded by

    Lucas
    Livro de Francis Ching

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 95
    $34.95 USA ‘$48.95 CAN ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHIC Third Eaton By Francis D.K. Ching “Graphics is an inseparable pat ofthe design process,” says Francis D.K. Ching, ‘an important tool that provides the designer withthe means not only of presenting a design proposal, but also of eommuricating with oneself and others in the design studio In his newly revised and expanded Third Editon of Architectural Graphics, Mr. Ching shows, the studert how 10 use graph lols and dating conventions to translate architectural ideas into tllective visual represenation. This Third Ealton expands upon the wealth of ilustrations and Instruction that made this til a must-nave fr every beginning student of architecture and design. This classe guide has a new upright format, and cov Essontal dating principles [Architectural conventions for orthographic, paraine, and perspective drawings ‘Shade and shadow Graphic symbols and lettering Freehand sketching and diagramming Presentation layouts Under the sure-handed guidance of Mr. Ching, you will develop the acute visual and manual skils that form the core of graphic communication. Here you wil eam: + More precise ways of using line weight varaion and tonal values fo show depth + How to draw section views of building interiors + How to construct perspectives and accurate shade and shadows Clearly and beautiully, Archfectural Graphics, Third Eaton, demystifes the complexity of ‘arenitectural concepts by presenting them in an intltve graphic manner, ‘Bom in Hawaii, Francis D.K. Ching studied architecture at the University of Notre Dame. He began his teaching career in 1972 and fs now a professor inthe Architecture Department at the University of Washington in Seatle. Since the Fist Editon of Architectural Graphics was published in 1974, Mr. Ching has writen several more books and has gained unparaleled Fecognition for his unique hand-Tendered drawings and book design. In 1992 Francis D.K. Ching ‘was awarded a Citaton for Exeallence in Intermatonal Architecture Book Publishing, WU TSN 9-471-28753-8 | | | lil ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS Third Edition FRANCIS D.K. CHING ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS Third Edition Frank Ching AVNR Book ® JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chiche ster Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto Dedesed tomy mother a tee Preface 1 Equipment & Materials 2 Architectural Drafting 3 Architectural Drawing Conventions 4 Rendition of Value & Context 5 Graphic Symbols & Lettering 6 Freehand Drawing 7 Architectural Presentations Index ‘contents vi 164 Td PREFACE ca newer frat nd ad mand exempt the principles otined inca sono rtetal phon ral ravings tha trai he orginal tot rags, abe ataptadtoa todlboat on and peo he fst te edn aed ema anetadvtoy tet fee enh rang of dang cases ancl “Trepp ofthis priest acu the begin stadt ththe age grip ols ich are anal fo cong archi lesparabe part ofthe design proce nlf leas. The apres nid ts fron ides the desert the manent Inga dsgnbut sof communicating with nes nd thers the design tin that raphislcan ol hi Iss inpertant torte here tat raph metal ks as wlas maar Wenustecgnz tat raps, hepsi ed pdt wear alu concerne th, tz he result cf adesgn the extn of tec metetion aca aa why. whe. and hare grap tchiq is emplayed ae as Eich chapter presents varios graphic comets and ecnqus an expla the atonal beh he ie. Thardr ofthe chapters destiny spec equnce tthe cori rat. attempts to structure te fl of acitetural raph ina compe enact frat Thi tat ot inte tobe a prime on eg oa andbokncoplistiatal rede ehiqus. No dened en empire of ws mona deeopshiserberom stylet dtavng rough practice and expr. asic / 1 Equipment & Materials DRAWING PENCILS RECOMMENDED LEAD WEIGHTS: emcee atonal edhe Duo it ati capable ca arty of sharplin might, Th bose shld ke oll stared ule ait toate tpn oped (sz age 8} thai hl devin TWismecanical pee lias nm ed, bch oes ot req sharpen escape of conse kare ines yu oa Tesi) whee Fr rail, old eso ao ue sero cfs. Fal that tite Oe, 0 ed 0. lade areal aaa 1 the rade ote which angstrom (etme ad) to 68 (otro The common wndlad pecan also ruse for dary. The acd rms shea to apc othe lead cat otha 2 canbe sharpened eth radon esd, thee you shoul ‘3. the dain sae: te harder 4. ban A hoe ype of pens ae capa of reducing aly dros, Your precisa matter of hae your arta 2 /acnecrna Gems per year fish dere ighhuny condos tendo a tH Fond 18 DRAWING LEADS han and dense foraccuate layouts + mfr fish avings aly frmulte ply eds ara fr raving ond aor seth abeary hand grees caning I aac aly dhs pit wal media handed faster fiche danngs ost ease eas fused tealy ned elt gear purposed nit ‘oraouts risked drags, ad et oft {ordeal ronrkand rapa contal for fine ne wet riser pnts tendo TWodsrrot hanes ofa dav ead is dpe rouge): th more oath papers. the hander pe sure, te sf the ead ed and the appre fhe ad Sf, un & ATES /3 TECHNICAL DRAWING PENS ‘T-SQUARES /PARALLEL RULES. aaa eee ate | Isstaigh and 36/42 eommedd lerth Eee eth ara rahe. pesityot ae wer toward end | ce i nae wasnnancs ali The tecnica pe capt ofpraciie wits, canbe sed or both eka and rate ik cravings. Astle, ‘echnical pensar someon and operation depending onthe marufccurer Most ehcp owee tie an ik flow lating wir within tubular pot, teste of wich mete tleaton Forfotrm urinals you can se atid aleng the appa pai fant plo the pio resection para drawing, ancrecruna aw CORERTION 47 san | USES OF PRALINE DRAWINGS NOWAXONOMETRIC LINES Feral ravings particle vel atc gaps cause of teres of constrain (ath rte and rekon) ante lecteos 5 apctoral ven ost pal id pare dans ey next ste they resent percaptin mor closely than rhea rains Formostctnearfrmsth construction ofa pra daving rately snp, evel es ara to cheney Ines) nets and lyr ines ren pal. Stand 30°20", 45% 45% ad 30-60" rents foe the KY base anes alo adn the construction ot paral dang. The flown are amples cf some of th ways rane drains ar ed Naaxonretrictines (hes tyro he XY are act dawnt scale the enon sof nes mest fst bloated and then ie oasononetclnes are dron becwen septs: cls theieqlar forma retire 2 Use edges ofthis cs measuring tes, ate thereof he noatonometric nes trough hese fof measure, Temiopenulddesstanziromacdanist | paral ines pear to dea as they cde apa Contacto to veat enormaly sen perspec. For thsreason cessivleutsinthe- er sinensis shulbeawided (acorns and 45° someting apps atin Isoretric davis (optical sin} nsuchases pan cblve mayb roe, Isomatrics blaster) 1. Overalt building form, configuration, and disposition. Farin drawings reals alos that the atarax ot Yow i precise capa ‘aj aiehitwid eres AnaeTURAL HAVING COTERTIONS/ 49 USES OF PARALINE DRAWINGS Anisometisch his cane deceptive the als ted tober a legit —alay draw a fullight, + Forcecesinpln seater towsea an oblige than an ‘soetr snce th ortagrapic plan used a the base aviog ard hora cs remain recedes 2, Bung catanays Ths arsed to lst eterirs 4. lustating bung details Aswthotherscale drvings, there the scale the or dtalyoukave a ton + Anaysinicte the ral oof the bldg anepace vthin—theesyoucut ay rom the ttl orm the rere conpeensethe reat of teem i 50 /ancarectua straits IeRARCY OF LINES: 1, profleof total ld ofeach loo leel—do not profil ground ine 2. hoon nes 4. pofllins of ail ebments—edaes agaist sac (oe page 3) 4 satin inform (coer) 5, mater txture 6, vert (Ight or dashed Instore vertical rata fstrucelreltinto ing thebeats toa ote sidsinthedftonc wl Hemet ry vetapbeveen fees shold ct coer sian norton, 4 expanded vis reply ust stating \ertal tng in muistorybulygs. ___USES OF PARALINE DRAWINGS: AncuEcroNA ann COnEATION / $1 ————— USES OF PARALINE DRAWINGS Auli frm ana be exgaded log the XY aes of aparane two piperopectne 2 /mcacro Gears ‘Ths of th ral perspec mage tied th age cj, gen sale, and 8 gen eatin betnen satin poi ad objet an beat by chang the pstonof the pctare plane. The eae the pctre aes tothe station gi the smal the ge, he farther the pictur planer he stati he ae ‘heim alpstins ofthepltare pane are paral he esl perepcie images ardent nllespcts eco. The oretatnof the ebjc wh rspect-to the oseneslint S a the ptr pane fects th dete ol frshrcenngf the aust of at hc. Te moe frontal aes to te itr plete sts foeshoted Unit nena plane comes ral to he picture pla, seen its re shopeand ration -rcrecruna pani conven / 6 TYPES OF PeRsective Orpen scythe cert evan he creation ward the rentationf hoc eed te artic basi types perspec rays: een 1. One point espace occurs whe pete scares aj sera asta cain pat te tra opr crn cf hei) rt ese he esheets (aio eng perro the pcture planes onthe izle ane pit). 1 pin ppt aii hi heey lin ath mje settles (ane litt pepe anther ete tnt 2. ep pct i mtn aitecochtenioninggits neni Regn ec ” eed gee. cance ppm eran ole nr lbw pg te frais pints. he termina sed catego vain pots, ———onenee (4 /acameruaL ears wept perspec, sme ste ce an asa ranger Thy tree construct tare a dl a static ws. petting isa meth caning pce gn perspec that eles ot iota oe pa perspec anise. lore ering the construction oy erect, you must frst determine eres pot of ew Wat doyouvishta strate and uty? 1. Ateryou determine pce yu at gio sete, th station pi andthe obser it of en mst odin pla " i \, 2 ron | / 3 Siete \, \ \ \ uy estsioe | — 2 Som aoe The postion of Pate 0 SP detereines tefl ta ofthe rpc image (seepage GZ he ros advantageous sin of? fr ease of comstrction celta wth majo le perpendenar tte obser o gh ‘Sic tiss aoe it perspec, bres neo sight she ral tone mao of the spac a pepe tothe ate SP shud beta enghbck ofthe spaces ha he major oes tinh cone ovis ‘ancrecrona pawn conta Fg ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE 2. Since anything wicca plane canbe dram tose (se page 59) ra he ol configuration of heal plane coincidental the ptr plane atany appropriate sal tke sale ofthis ptr plan wade not ne tobea th same sea the pn stp in ish be selected accring tothe dese sof he espe age andthe amount of deal you Woh tosh 3. Avthosame sel ofthe prepa wal daw arora eo rere tehorion In, hich sana assed tabe atthe sme at astheeyeof the ober rrr, tsb depend on beer enphasiss tae placed or te for ane cent pe 6) ones cep PA in u k — peiecgneust» a + | eos cesta — 4. cite te cbse’ cero sits zontal ations the atl retie o he sides the pce canbe determin ot the plan setup. 5 Orawtnes from the centef vs trug hear camara tecture pare wl to estalich the mares of th space and begin dt 6 Tickot nro the sides and rtm of heptane wal this possblesize anything wiki care plane canbe aed) "cements are used ee aoa ample: thenremets may eincresed ition zoey fovea dale drag, 6 fant orpnis ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE 7, Tru thse mars dra som the centri or ih) onthe han Ine equ to 1 Fm the center of sionneasue to clea distance (or ight) ang ‘he dtance fram the station pitta the cata f snipe (eT) clio on hao linea agonal pan (F (eon ight) othe and ht tga pits serve he same pps. “he agonal otis ashing pit 45s wick cut of eal desig ranges, erbing yu tascaledgth measirenentsin paopecti. 9. Fromtn diagonal pit rowan tough th tw bottom comers of tice al, 10. Whethese bol cit cas he es onthe Nc pane anishn tthe center of si, dam oracles Ancora ogg CoMVETIONS / 67 INT PERSPECTIVE ‘ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE - Yuen established aged of squares onthe oer plane yu el the to much stort, the squares became ton caged det in the ego oral the fueron cores. owt dao pi urbe et ln he arizona th centr of vision nd repeat Yan 10. (Not tat you moe he agonal on artheravay fom tect of lion youre inte moving the sere angy om the pace adncreas the ara he space whine obser creck) agate zaps ges hs ore or ty (ee), oro tetas conten 1 a (ose 28) ‘ct tance peru paral ore najtewed her stan i asf heroing safc aha detrei ete cement n dh firey none it OP = (SP) inn anion Drc=sei-c Ore-coste Trcctewral easement ly slog allies. 12. From er thhraotalines of hear it meet the lew the pac eave, ‘tae nowestablishe rd of squire oy te bos planes athe lr lnc the ace gd, Wahi perpete raabaseyouca aya peo rach pape rand nthe er arcitactral comet ofthe space, With the sane rl youcan alo cate the postions arate ‘See of ote clones hin the pace, such as ght iar nd fur. —~ 4 7 ‘oda vce nes \ a a \ \ oS / / / \ \ Nae thatthe eee ray band dwn, fs andi yet delist ice ple wala he gard re ncuron naw CONERTION 49 68 /ancnecruat earns ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS ‘en doving aoe pint perspectve oa space, nate thatthe cbserers hit (the elt of the hora ee Labo th ground pane GP] andthe atin the Center oor Ci detarnine wich planes dfrng the space ile gen empas, Thought ofa oe poi peepee ews at interior spaces rom abe (pa-perpcte ves) can be ffctweinstatg smal ons tat anainbets 2 fuishings fay highs 70 / antec 6tPnis (ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING “his perspec draving uses th perspective shown onpage 68 Note hatin itor iowa properly cropped grand lant can erate eelng hoi heron rather than on ‘heute. The cre von lo clser tothe right-hand wall tha the berg fhe ace tote canbe vata Techargeln cae een he e-tand bigtdh pati ders ego sar charge etn he foreground tale andthe wow seat servo npr te det of he perspec. ‘aca Dawn CONVENTIONS / 7 TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE ‘pit perspec spre the mos il sl ft the peepee drapes Ul oe 2 Datenee pont esp, ano pot space eds tabetha ayemettalto sae ai-ponaysaor + arin rare cower sud rbot ier ander casos andre apt + ing ih OR tomes statins. + mesg Po nearing pi ight (PR sed Teflon a matin oer pce hin pe spre, ung measuring pos) + tr dn Awe corti xe pt preprint est cabs the sme it oe. Theo eit anys th pl wich lm th ttn oi parle eit Detain youn state at ovate mos gia areas andy aula rom our peso rset the pia pane an drving vibe sen ith ered idle rod andar ow he os dscison - thi plan yg. ech vaniing ofr sss tat might esl icons r nthe ets hehe of stain i, the tac rom te stat ot othe be the postion psp a uke est? syn deg ata isi pa 0") piace a the een ir psc devises 60-2) aschow). | / \, staan / a | / \ / Pon iin YL plansetup 1. Avacomnnl sein: + Layout mar ow fhe pace oom + Locate statin ot bongcze hat mas of wt you wholes thn the 6° cone plsmeotup ie vison + Latte pt plane (aus perpen the cbse ef ight). center sng tras of itn poet station pluto the it Fromvaisthing poi et (PL) 28 iar ae (hi porte easing pt ih] ov wth ois sully cman rithm ere emerald ecan bed Wiel ee ee ye tettom lee (Wr) ascnterta late measvngpi eh () saver merge 277 jaune ears -ancarecrota raw CORERIONS 79 ‘TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE 3. Inperspecteandat an appropriate clenched not he the same sale athe perspec setupn lat) ayout he oral ad determi one he its previsyaou in anara whee te fom or space nigh ouch or intersect hectare pla 4. Where pte plncats across the frm space as deterinad nth especie setup in plan. daa eral hs re, sae thin tpt plate canbe cle ad is ‘here called avert meas Ie (Ml). Wher thier mets the rund pares determinate hgh the ye othe ber hs pl ral rude (6) can eda (snes os thin the pice paneandcinalsoke see). Hi Tse dimensions retaken | from the plan setup in, pe oe buy le wy Es 74 /acametuatGears a wa. potato ope 5 acest pte = al? Tincents “Almeasurements are made at he same scale 5. Salef measurements othe ground ee andthe eral mesure TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE 6, Frosh et anit ishing pol draws trough the nesecton the gr ne snd thevertical easing. The athe mares as) npr ‘Natl easing pean besedto reactant eae ln the ur! gourd. fraps PR deance =P ee omecs —_/f Ak ey ee rae scheigencaray (= Dango 2s Ca Scan she esas it. 7, Fromhelefe and ht asus dale tothe call Vincreetsalng ‘the gounlie ‘These ar cantons tc arsed ny to trate scaled enero lng the youn ine tothe se basdles perspective (as oucan se, equal messes . perspective part nish ilar ashy recede from he obser). ncerut naw converions 75 ‘TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE 4. Frum thelet anit val pois dawg ines through he ated asremets al the mor asesnpespecve ad the saleneasuments alg the vert msi te Tis perpecte ari tat you hus consrectls caret for yor selected pt of ew andi opectc station ot ptr ae jet latch (ce pages 60-63). an alvin dese, or xanple tented ule contracted th Weta dtlontips of those mets lng the brn ng, but the growl were fo mule the dstancebetween te tw equal othe gt ofthese aoe the grup Itsgood race ta sae the perspective ris youconstrut or ose tare we. Fle ‘hem uae of dberer and ang een, 7 /acatecro Gears TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE vu, & ‘arte tal eau dongles. ON cacrma awn conenTions 77 ‘TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS ‘hese the especies us the pret rd shown nthe prc pag nach cast, mee th obser ugh has bean elated to portray aspect pot ew, andthe scale of had as en atered ost te sal of he structure ‘Wisltro perspective ousted shown on page 7 Note tht tel aihing poi VPL ies within having ean ter ses ofthe space toe hon anda eter senso eos tbe at Since th ears pitta es th the dain, gate phasis placed nthe han sd ofthe spa tetas tthe spaces tobecmplasn, se areeree image fhe gil iwc = CHV ATTHLT||| ners FT MAMET Kavi os ling ite foto h hl Bi) ett He cour houses sein an aerial This nol elev vw—the onto which ae vewfrom toe ost accustomed 7 /acaTecta Gerais srcunecruea ona coERIONS / 79 SLOPING LINES IN PERSPECTIVE sets es af ek os esos enantio z ln. ae of paralelines loping dowmardts al Poa angela tihng pit cecal stance bel he hore ne. 0 / acura cars A sloping nen prspecte can be etree by ating edsin perspective ac comectg ‘eee isin amar sar thedeavingtnoxsonometclnsinaparaine dav (ee aye 4). eee reser of op nen or dos (stars spn a, tc) oad bows to id hl ishing pois, erin dping donde o “of he ashing poi for ary sloping ie 1, Deter the ain pit for ahve lic esin the same veal asthe sling. 2 Aveta hou hs ais pol he ashing trace forthe eral pane 85, From thea let fd in sae oat alte horn nce tthe tance fram th stato plt a the arching pon om the pans) 4 Front print onthe hoon era alin the tsopect the song 5, Tepat at lich hsp ne erst the vanshing race he aig or the oping iad allins paral tot ___SLOPING LINES IN PERSPECTIVE oor mote for frites pit ease of paral spires canbe sifting (GP-VP)is fat Fst dete mjropy reinperspecveby lai itsendpits, eos ge ee AS Forexaml. a gal wallcan be dawn perspective by detenin inte conta of th ectangalar al paras of goals (eee), vest ta i wre Ea tee dope result inte verti dra trogh the sing pi etek ies eal Teens rsh vag pots the png lina others al oth, ortuotalnes vats onthe Ester the cetera uprand othe of thea pesk The ping neste gablcan ten be cram es tpn upd and nay ‘maior es lpn domed nd suas from doer Arcecuna Dawe ConrewioS 8 ‘DRAWING STAIRS IN PERSPECTIVE Drang sas inprpetvs easiest whe thas pier ‘the lpn is hat comect the stalin can determine |. Fs layout pln ofthe sta rnin perspect. Do othe concerned yt nth eid treads 5, Adopig ine can thenbe awn ram the topes iserto ‘he tpoT te ndng Extends dona to intersect a verti dave hgh). 6, Unescan then era om (VF) trough hose mags to et the dog ie. Frm these pots, he ies teadcan bedramn perspec aster and boramtal panes 2. Extend artical tothe topo test landing orator, Dios leaf his plane into Kamer of equal segments kere Koqulstherunberof esi thera. 4 From (| extend alin hough the rt sr mark ta dering ehh ofthe ister inprspecte. vr-slauP-S2an seobeused rater lina oping line hat camor tale rusts swchasstar rags ander 7 / aunt cea Dagorals canbe ase to comanioy ide verti andra rectangle planesinpeopcte to bth quand vega USE OF DIAGONALS IM PERSPECTIVE Ea ncuron omg commis 43, CIRCLES IM PERSPECTIVE - _ 1, Gilson perspective nen they ae paral the ctu ple. 2 When theplae ofthe ce shorn andes athe same hight the cbse the clapper sabrina of Ue cre vertical anes along the cbse nec sight perpen tothe ptrepong, thecieleappers saver 3. inmost ota stustins ace appears san clip shape | + Dama sare that creumscres the cel npr + Sarin the cedeas an appoint ise. dlanaterofcrcleln. propecia major sof pe. 1 /annecrun earns Pferbcandet Vor cdand ie i REFLECTIONS 1M PECTIVE ‘yeep siriace paral to oe fh tre or sete of alias (1-Y-Zaces contin th perspec aystom of the let nd he the aj setsofnsin thereto appeal the sane perspective asthe es nthe jc rang paral and come a ceecpndng rang ois, (biquines ot paral to therefor surace lan st anual ops agente retectin, vee HL Thenater estas the aro rfeting ln: Os nts ple aaa! SS Refit overt are contains a ese vera + Harel nes pret th arizona planehae the some aishng pots he nora rz -Avcarecona Dawn conenios / 45, REFLECTIONS IN PERSPECTIVE REFLECTIONS IN PERSPECTIVE _ j ‘Wendin perspec of anit pace wha miro sae on on ormorcf Iesmajor planes, th perspec systems eededina mame sna to tat shown nth eed page Echelon dubs the apparent dimension ofthe spceina rection perpen to the minoed surface | recon ofa fection nl quadruple the parent sof he pce, reectonot 1 lect surtace Shins areca of amir stare stananleequl tothe aml inclerce. ncuron oeawon coneninS/ 87 6 /arnmectunt ears xf lstiCiSC(“Q PERSPECTIVE SECTIONS Ang ection (se ages 345) canoe seenn perce [ether one-two pot). Inducing amore natal pictorial ew ofthe spaces thar through le reaing he spt edatintps and dain ht ulin econ neal strats, Inconstracting prspectie section the vertical cating pane oe ection ecomesthe pare pine inprspezi, suite bldg scien, omphass shoul placadon entrar and exterior spaces tatare a though attr than th construction deals win thestractr sat 4 /acutecrun cers 4 Rendition of Value & Context We dive mean fram raving rough fgce-eoun patter, tsps and gate mages, a therelatonship beeen its ight and dar ares TONAL VALUES Inthelaschapter apne ine drag tacngu was utitand. Weleconturdavings thou orton cane que elegant as twe-dosnal gaps they ae oly abstract nage ch realty and porta asa an oui wr wor thou gt Inacortur drawing nesses ae ied ard ny hse es hich inate ache of ‘ormare hase, (Secondary nes ayia changes i mater) Sc we ser an pct ‘estas two dimension shapes pole (aie or ge agains pce) sts sting aspect, and its poe ne shoul ore hate most weighs. Fla section, dation and paral davngs doe py nie are dependent nie quay (clarity conten comity a I-nelt feta and earch to express shape and spi doth especie ravings cn aso use the cametins oetaping fens intone, eshte ard comagenc of aralelre to portray the tides, Geer ome ute ne dravings cone nied ifrmatin ad almost aaysconain ambi Aug alan srepesentatinal ante ieee beeen reece aa dean ting ones ery ont dae ch abstraction adraning wth ona valve nomaly onesie Information abut th cect ran. Lngin await gt we that achawen oa ae steer poco of ance taps = TONAL VALUES ant pice ote papers eto less that rms net depth Once we ace an area cue ortone nit the shat ais nese sed section Two sptsof qual ae and itn degre of aces) appari inthesare pare. Heiney on seduced owe sly pears to ecede wile the dtr one adres acto Inset contrast wh thew Tis change in ue can commute spatial deh sully Leen ono cargo quinn par tobe Inthe same plane. ga 5 encase thee weigh ont peas toad le the her cees, achange intra ale the bass forth perception of fom tan cotati the yt ‘he gpl dein of frm Ths contact mst Ascomie ausing tense materal rants to dpc form you rast be alto stand ac fom drag ora reac ls) and jue aly whee ontsaiciet-contrast ste wihn he prot ara of the raig to comune he quali ffom and space youhar id evorio oF ute conte / 91 oa 2. Tone oflines 3. Pare tone 4. Une and tone 9 aRCTECTURAL GRAPES MEDIA & TECHNIQUES 1. Puretne aig: ‘era fur bs ecngus of raving Ha tll eet mea ender Carel atetion mate pl to quay cary, onsen cote) and rope ewes Aaeretiatn andra. + aes + profes (thot) + manstionsin form cos) + safe teres + materi charges Whee staaltecngues employe the Ascerible charges ale (hough teen mater, eres, ted sarfaces, and stds) can by hemes Ip the nes wichromaly deine spt ages andar comers. When changes ina ae no ended cert, ‘the spatial edge and planar comes ofa form ms ‘erlfrced yale techno. MEDIA & TECHNIQUES PURE UNE + Une defn spatal edges and plat comes + Ahearn s sed to profile sth) ees aint pace, LUNE awD TONE * Ure defn spatial edges and oar cores + Frings optional + Fenton lus ede fat suas, * Uneven trl ales inate cana forms + Shade general darker tan sures in shade evan oF ue & conn / 98 a = =—l ea MEDIA & TECHNIQUES MEDIA & TECHNIQUES ff ecomiue | MeV: BLACK AND WTE iA: COLOR runs tine eal pec coord pec Wictnewad ome OF UES [Teneo ines | caine sobre ink spac + Chapsi spacing ee pat edges ict etippen cob fetppn Myra anlar comers cerca nae roestat ge and posta) isan). + vey pcan tae ihe aa The ia + Une sped ines nate clear eae Line ond fone | dpe | aden perc perc ‘Ato it canbe ed asin + Diino bes choad corespond tthe past drain hase ors, via antral retain te arian aon fbersippn | marer Atorsip pen | clr maters ik rater hk coornatrs inka vataclr mash denser yrs antes zips 4 cals Pure tone ead pea coop charcoal pastel cash rater wash eytrnstrtitsandpatins | acne airirsh ryan tis anata airs PURE TOME . + Chagesintona aeindcaespatiledges se placer. + largesn ae mst dceible + Hal dering as ecto his dracon ustcarespnétthe vertical andharzal restate sac, 14 / nearer arms canon oF ue x contest 95 ‘VALUE /TEXTURE RENDITION 9 / anurans nthe aig payee ur tc fo gig ale and eta to asurace le ae soinctialecoptfr ies use alyn fara Whentnsare sed oly paral sh drecvon of thee ls shal intr te deci ofth pane fo which hey ar ovina vale. wert le for rca plaesfhrantal nes ‘orkozontal planes) Betuaniteand Hack esa we range grays Nae ofthe {along four ustrtins sows moot tanto rom wie to ack nao hem hone aa poi eee wit and ake Indidualines, sre, or dts te te agar (no ther deni as tachi) nd meget ra et of. his oie sufi corrst wha hei so tht nes ratecessaryto define the eyo the ray el, Ths shouldbe remenberain thereto cade and skadons tard ging toomuch weigh tothe edge ofa shade or shadow and along to compete wth he more important cea pare. ‘When ging aft plaea surface value or tx, the nto shod be constant acs thee eld ofthe plane. Lightr soso sullechangsin vale i cause the plane to appa arp. _VALUE/TEXTURE RENDITION i ne eet ee Inking use remoabltpeta mas ee el fale qe eee oe ae ry tanofertntpattern revomon oF au coment / 97 ‘TONAL VALUES IN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS TONAL VALUES IN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS The ravings nhs andthe allowing ie ages ow tral asa be se nhac ‘the dftionf deta csi th varios types of architectural drauns Se so pages 16-126 for examples of hades and sadowsiactactrl cavi, ering thor sua n apn doing wth mat patio lg that plane ater ae. his anette slat an provide abs fo ements tut are stata te lr plate. When lan drains eel fore hints elgg the ino onal ‘ales can elpcomey tha rate depth of he hur planes ew the pana Normal thelover her pane the deriva. Instepan drawings, te majoruse of tealalues st dei the bung fr tints cont Te contrast betwee he bling fem andthe pacer ican ached y eden hebuldng aba agar agains alight or ice rsa sea pge 32), the pacedfned na plan gen tral les alg wth the suroueg eld, he et eee canbe et itor grea gt ae. Beso hover tat heres succor evormon oF ue & conn 125 ‘SHADE & SHADOWS PERSPECTIVE Shadows ashy ightras not paral tothe pte aneare constructed ina amet ‘nar to that used ioe it perspective, rssh ansing poor tebe rection of height ys (¥P-BD) lated onto Then anata ight ays ceded a erect verti ne dra from VP-BD,isincesecton(YP-LR) the vanishing poet al aca igh. Tadketerin pol drop AB downto ‘he gaunt CD comers 8 ¥P-DD From xan another vera ine toast rm comerggatVP-IR. 126 / antes cerns It aysconone atVPAR bearing rection or Isher * 46° angen persecte ‘context Inthe discussion ofthe tro major ype of architectural drawing n Chapter’, youvere ncaraed eile artes cota isnot physical enon as done primary by econ the grou pane and idating the afar rm, whether rata opsrapy orcostrucin,Theportance of roving cane in acer ravings nthe edo design and pause arctectaren reins tos enone, wheter urn Fro orow ‘Thepuose ofthis sections tonal you toate as ary 2s posi without bring ‘the cus on architecture not ony the psa tao he human conta sd insodg to Indicate the sale anduse oe paced dept Thefoinng comet device Musa Pale rte ars + Landscaping leone cscre he apse anarcitetua daving 1. Useonlythos contextual devices cosa to comet conte ale ands, 2, Daweonterualdeces sin ith aminimof dt 23, Never dcr struct and space eloents andthe ations 4, The stan wht lu), and acme of contextual devices mst he sees nortan lars drains ol compton. enor oF nue & CONTENT 127 PEOPLE ‘Thevewer ofa danny rates tothe han ges Minh becomes ont the ad ts drut he cee, + Thepuposeof pling humo fees anarchic daving to vate scale * Th placement ofhuman gars cat pt depth andes + Therumbe epson rd dest has ies canine sage ofa pace Qt 10 /ancanecronacaarncs PEOPLE ‘Telapertat fetes of human ges aside ron ther spose, ar + propa sia d + tide. Tehama gue can bere down et seen qu rs the ad soe eerthot the tally weight niger eases to tart man guest the headat eel Inotboyaphic and prancing ‘the 6 hgh cane scala.n parspcties the ecco thevewerseyele some can start at ‘thehoroan ne. Fgues owe orbon the eel of the wer can rote ste Hon same leveaed th hed ypordom as eure. + Ideat acy appropriate tothe spe. * old sift wpe fue and yr rus. + Inconpstion sot grep and ectay gues ‘hat ar consent with theusage ofthe space. evo oF toe «comes 129, eee cars || ‘Be alisticwith he placement — to inde radays and parking areas andthe scale — dravng crs in caution withptople ps okey them nscale TREES /LANDSCAPING /GROUND TEXTURES Inadin to incating sates ladapn, ad grupos porta the staat aie wheter tilyorfat, wooded oar urbana dare economical Te style of anarchic dann shuld be Inport means of rong sae crtstina craving consistent troghu: reand entourage ina fecha | & | | PIL oT IL g 4 200g aft | onsen th the sale ofthe dag, Etowrag should ne compete witht ratheractasa {efor the architect hat gist yO TS revo or une & COMER / 195 TREES /LANDSCAPING /GROUND TEXTURES TREES /LANDSCAPING/GROUND TEXTURES ‘The typeof fag used nan architectural aig shade appropiate to the goyriphialoatin ofthe archer, 136 enema amas or oF uve & comes 137 =e -_ ‘TREES /LANDSCAPING /GROUND TEXTURES TREES /LANDSCAPING /GROUND TEXTURES tore rerourd requis ore dtalbt shoul nt strc at draw atetion aay fom te proper fos ofan acetal draig exomon oF wave COMTRT/ 129 138 / tener crracs GROUND-PLANE TEXTURES ‘Thrall (ayes ofa ground plane eure shul pode he dag of cortasrequied to def the appropiate rainship betwen acento, 10 / cnc ctarmis INTERIOR PLANTS evr oF ue a comTERT/11 REFLECTIONS vey that pprarsin fof orabowa reflecting sure os, nate plat et) appears Inbckof orb the rect suracelnadection perpendcab tothe surace etal ortonand a Varshing pont) Objects appear ate sane dstance ‘nbackfor bow he fect surface as ay don ‘rot of or abw tat face (ee page 5), 1 arcaectua stPaus Water shave rede a. rota pra sure Use essen oratalines— dad for st water ‘raha way hes rip at Surfaces tha ae ah nal par igh tan the vale ofthat ies, darter surfaces appear dae Innfltionhanthevaue fhe waters sue. REFLECTIONS “heat alas ou ae forthe retin cae. 25 vals the reflections tin the surface rea shold be evened alain therangect als fr thers of ‘edn, Da il suc Madu val, sutce Ligure recinglght Ugh, stil ater eo oF tue & coment / 163 REFLECTIONS f 1 ancaecoma capa 5 Graphic Symbols & Lettering ‘Ths cpr discuss arp bolster which the ier to deny and ret mse ote anos acter drawing lene tht comprise a presentation nelancy the arty ad readabiy of architectural ewes, ese devices ame portant ements the onl congestion ofa resentation us GRAPHIC PRESENTATION SYMBOLS PRESENTATION SYMBOLS eae | Gap reset ecm i i cng Agape alder ees cay mst oes nina ses compotion psa Tn ecmston eet he J tpeyeottte ters sew pce ) | | Ste hbo tea | 1 ay oth ptt Weight cdetoinedby th sandal (aging from wie hough saris of ayo i nesaletam > & HILT apeeeirniet | angst she ieee sh hese sections ee eo reopen eae 1 paaailemrre é apicsales nigh tonal ue aed thle the oo onnzation of the presen, | wm a settle oy a ) ano T I a A | -$—_——— ooumdauneounooouoo ovation mak boundary nest nsf emphasis 16 ancaecoRa Gara ear sano. LETTERING / 107 HAND LETTERING HAND LETTERING These of dees sandals tobe conser at, lowercase lettering canbeappgrteltsymptetc tothe draig sige anfitisecated canton tog th resentation It eealy ABCDEFGHIIREMNOPQRRSTUVWXYZ 1234567590 easy taread, because me recognize the dstinctive differences among the characters ABODE SLR MN OPER STR eT fom lesa thing ity. abcdeteg hoki pare ty ——— Fas tocmmunkat dott detract fmt ai e 1 Kepler ema tage que cer ara fie way toeepvertlietetng a tokscnsitey eal = = 7 E G DERTES simrtomptinnimin tn Streeter deta smear abe Tey tan col elon ep th best ane he Isqnely asvacng areca dong seas da mar alae ih hea te ge shone silat sts by 2 Maintain oblong proportions for the most stable T ABCDEFGHIJKLIM: Pi = vet. - 4 4 WMT j ‘oma Wwobad teva Tiered siesta tt sob ed Bay ! ths salt oral hae hands to sttseo dong tweak eyo eno annul se fee Te mos peat chests eine aed and ese neh anda hae Wah weathot al sige pat nds nll sh | area otha oneal sag YA OA spendin desi rence ake we ake he stig SB) janeatnwenstaatacucn i 5) ee ee ula } lance sna pce crc Tecate npc tl spleen ete pic | nti heb opie oats Th pac Caiecsenth e wetin sf canctaafltcaapto tenth Thelin page sows sone reeset tpeaces 18 /caecro cers uuric samo x LER /148 ano verreRtnG HEWETICA MEDIUM: ABC -aloc 123 Heica medians relly eral wal poprtind albesthr sanctus) phates a: A tioned + add meion + ies 53 * wes medium Lightrinweight nd ore lantin character ae “ollie + tia ight + coms madam etnded + capper gate + optinastenple ‘Naw sans sarifaphabets wth eae eay neigh ar ZNB} = helebica bold a ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORST UVWXYZ x 1254567890 150 / aaecona GueaKs 6 Freehand Drawing ‘Pischaptr rst dscuses the tehnlqu of hthng omrele, nina eerie that eabesyotodevlop the stil toprtay ‘ropa acon rea qi andacctely aa he sae Sime forces yon ta seria aay yur enone. The second et cusses tue of raph araing inte dein proces as important communication device for te desler. FREEHAND SKETCHING ‘Asa bagi stadt, you shold when ask the oppor seh em el eo oxy craig his a sharpen your ves of hcg irre. Wil seth, you shuld not concentrate mara on raving tecnqu or ouilose sight of waa yous Sethi fom tansy to cbr, al, and evaluate wile nord your encom. “eset mata tht youre shud ranger he gana tthe set You shld lokat hw pees ofthe enone together hw the bul enrrent reltes tote ata horeloments cf the enrnnert cape enss:how lings inet ce rane vistas, rma or orate how one uly arn fact ects ipa le thers form backgrds foros lens. Of cos youaraaysconced wth for, gt tear, dope, Look indualbulngs. Why do seme ave character and others donot? estate the phys lems tnt ples. ook deta bw dens and windows ae canstractd how ck walt caees hwvaris mara met, bseatn ad imstgation proper east apa bul p your vc ofthe avecnmant, which erve as abasisfor macho wit youd intr design stud, Thofihe stath shad commute your cbseratins and yur pnt of view Jost your had shod be toto recodraphicaly or bseations uy nd accra youre slb ae ‘ogasp quill ae accra the ature of se obsenatins. Baring stents fen ve aulyn sketching acral. ste thy ball tey an comprhend witout cae beet cnn pscoll impressions nthe nd it hat hey rays Ahaugh he ersofimressionslskethes ae args, wn the aca of aletch ders tte point of bing compres tothe ven th communicative per ote graphs et. ‘vr of dravng instruments aaa e stetchor At the str you arencuraged orl othe olevn:asotpencl, Bor ster, foun it akin ack het pa acharcsl pec ak nd gay ares nerines wth te fed teach of tas onvarous types pape ry to

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