1

Example (5.1):
A rectangular beam has the dimensions shown in the figure and is loaded with a 40 ton
concentrated factored load at the middle of the span. Design the necessary shear
reinforcement given that f c = 250 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 . Width of support is
equal to 30 cm.
Solution:
Assuming 8 mm stirrups,
d = 70 4 0.80 1.25 = 63.95 cm
1- Draw shearing force diagram:
Shearing force diagram is shown in the figure.
2- Calculate the shear capacity of concrete:
63.95
Vc = 0.75 (0.53) 250 (30 )
= 12.06 tons
1000

(a)

(b)

(c)
(a) Beam and loads; (b) shear force diagram; (c) bending moment
diagram

3- Check whether the dimensions of the cross section are adequate for ensuring a
ductile mode of failure:
Vu
= Vc + Vs

Vs =
2.2

20.0 12.06

= 10.59 tons
0.75 0.75
63.95
f ' c bw d = 2.2 250 (30 )
= 66.74 tons > 10.59 tons
1000

i.e. cross sectional dimensions are adequate in terms of preventing brittle mode of failure.
4- Classify the factored shear force:
Vu > Vc
Trying two-legged 8 mm vertical stirrups, its spacing is evaluated from Eq. (5.17)
Av
Vs
10.59 (1000 )
=
=
= 0.0394 cm2 / cm
S
f yt d (4200 ) (63.95 )
The required shear reinforcement is not to be less than the larger of:
0.20 f ' c bw 0.20 250 (30 )
Av
=
=
= 0.0226 cm2 / cm and

f yt
4200
S min
3.5 bw 3.5 (30 )
Av
=
=
= 0.0025 cm2 / cm < 0.0394 cm2 / cm

S
f
4200

min
yt

O.K.

5- Check stirrups spacing:

1.1

63.95
f ' c bw d = 1.1 250 (30 )
= 33.37 tons > 10.59 tons
1000

Maximum stirrup spacing is not to exceed the smaller of d/2 = 31.97 cm or 60 cm.
Use 8 mm vertical stirrups spaced at 25 cm.
6- The shear reinforcement is drawn in the figure.

Shear reinforcement
Example (5.2):
A rectangular beam has the dimensions shown in the figure and is loaded with a uniform
service dead load of 4.0 t/m (including own weight of beam) and a service live load of 2.5
t/m. Design the necessary shear reinforcement given that

f c = 280 kg / cm 2 and

f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 . Width of support is equal to 30 cm.

(a)
(b)

(a) Beam and loads; (b) shearing force diagram

Solution:
1- Draw shearing force diagram:
The shearing force diagram is shown in the figure.
Shear force at the centerline of the support is given as:

Vu = [1.2 (4 ) + 1.6 (2.5 )](7 ) / 2 = 30.8 tons

Critical section for shear is located at a distance of 54.2 cm from the face of support. From
similar triangles, design shear force is equal to 24.71 tons.
2- Calculate the shear capacity of concrete:
54.2
Vc = 0.75 (0.53 ) 280 (30 )
= 10.82 tons
1000
Vc
= 5.41 tons
2
Vu
= Vc + Vs

Vs =

24.71 10.82

= 18.52 tons
0.75
0.75

3- Check whether the dimensions of the cross section are adequate for ensuring a
ductile mode of failure:
2.2

54.2
f ' c bw d = 2.2 280 (30 )
= 59.86 tons > 18.52 tons
1000

i.e. cross sectional dimensions are adequate in terms of preventing brittle mode of failure.
4- Classified the factored shear forces:
The forces are shown in the figure.

Shear force zone classification

Zone (A):
Vu

Vc
2

No shear reinforcement is required, but it is recommended to use minimum area of shear

reinforcement.
Trying 8 mm vertical stirrups
S1 =
S=

2 (0.50 ) (4200 )
0.2 280 (30 )

Av, min f yt
3.5 bw

= 41.83 cm

2 (0.50 ) (4200 )
= 40.0 cm
3.5 (30 )

Maximum stirrup spacing:

Maximum stirrup spacing is not to exceed the smaller of d/2 = 27.1 cm or 60 cm. So, use
8 mm vertical stirrups spaced at 25 cm.
Zone (B):
Vc > Vu >

Vc
, minimum shear reinforcement is required.
2

Use two-legged 8 mm vertical stirrups spaced at 25 cm similar to zone A.

Zone (C):
Vu > Vc
Vu
= Vc + Vs

Vs = 18.52 tons
Trying two-legged 8 mm vertical stirrups, its spacing is evaluated from Eq. (4.15)
S=

1.1

Av f yt d
2 (0.50 ) (4200 ) (54.2 )
=
= 12.29 cm
Vs
18.52 (1000 )
54.2
f ' c bw d = 1.1 280 (30 )
= 29.93 tons > 18.52 tons
1000

Maximum stirrup spacing is not to exceed the smaller of d/2 = 27.1 cm or 60 cm. Use 8
mm vertical stirrups spaced at 12 cm.
5- Check stirrups spacing
Stirrups spacing is checked for all the zones.

Shear reinforcement
6- The shear reinforcement is shown in the figure.

Problems
P.1 Design shear reinforcement required for the beam shown in Figure P.1. The beam
carries a uniformly distributed service dead load of 2.0 t/m, including own weight of beam,
and a service live load of 2.5 t/m, in addition to two concentrated service live loads, 2.5 tons
each, distanced at 1.50 m from the supports.
Use f c = 250 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .

Figure P4.1

P.2 The 3.0 m-long cantilever beam shown in Figure P.2 carries service loads consisting of
0.80 t/m (own weight is not included), and 2.0 ton concentrated live load at the free end.
Design the required shear reinforcement.
Use f c = 250 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .

Figure P.2
P.3 The beam shown in Figure P.3 supports a factored dead load of 0.75 t/m (own weight of
beam is included) and a factored live load of 4.25 t/m. Design the required shear
reinforcement.
Use f c = 280 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .

Figure P.3

P.4 For the beam shown in Figure P.4, design the required shear reinforcement to resist the
given factored load.
Use f c = 280 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .

Figure P.4

P.5 For the beam shown in Figure P.5, design the required shear reinforcement to resist the
given factored loads.
Use f c = 250 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .

Figure P.5

P.6 The beam shown in Figure P.6 contains four bars each is 25 mm in diameter out of
which two bars are bent up at 45 degree angle near the support. Design the required shear
reinforcement to resist the given load.
Use f c = 300 kg / cm 2 and f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .

Figure P.6

P.7 For the two isolated footings shown in Figure P.7, check whether the provided depths
are adequate for resisting punching shear for the given service loads. The allowable net soil
pressure is equal to 1.5 kg/cm2. Use f c = 250 kg / cm 2 .

10

(a)

(b)
Figure P.7