BT NG THC (Nng cao cho lp 9)

Phn I. Chng minh bt ng thc bng php bin i tng ng.

PP. Dng php bin i tng ng bin i bt ng thc cn chng minh
v cc bt ng thc khc m ta d dng nhn thy ng.

Bi 1. Cho a , b, c . Chng minh a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca .

Ta c: a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 2 ab bc ca 0
2

a b b c c a 0 .
Bt ng thc cui cng ng nn ta c iu phi chng minh.

Bi 2. Cho a , b tha a b 2 . Chng minh ab a 2 b 2 2

Ta c: ab a 2 b 2 2 8ab a 2 b 2 16 a b

8a 3b 8ab 3 a 4 4a 3b 6a 2b 2 4ab 3 b 4
a 4 4a 3b 6a 2b 2 4ab 3 b 4 0
4

a b 0
Bt ng thc cui cng ng nn ta c iu phi chng minh.
Bi 3. Cho a , b, c tha a b c 3 . Chng minh

a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca 6 .
2

Ta c: a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca 6 a b c ab bc ca 6
2

3 ab bc ca 32 3 ab bc ca a b c 3 ab bc ca
a 2 b 2 c 2 ab ba ca
V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

a b b c c a 0
Bt ng thc cui cng ng nn ta c iu phi chng minh.
Bi 4. Cho a , b tha ab 1 . Chng minh

Ta c:

1
1
2

2
2
1 a 1 b 1 ab

1
1
2
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
1 a 1 b 1 ab
1 a 1 ab 1 ab 1 b 2

ab a 2
b 2 ab

1 a 2 1 ab 1 b 2 1 ab

ba a
b

0
2
1 ab 1 a 1 b 2

b a a ab 2 b a 2b

1 ab 1 a 2 1 b 2

2
b a ab 1

0
2
2
1

ab
1

a
1

Bt ng thc cui cng ng nn ta c iu phi chng minh.

Bi 5. Cho a, b, c 1;4 tha a b c 2 . Chng minh a 2 b 2 c 2 18
Ta c: 1 a 4 a 4 a 1 0 a 2 3a 4 0 a 2 3a 4
Tng t b2 3b 4, c 2 3c 4
Do : a 2 b 2 c 2 3 a b c 12 18 .
Bi tp tng t.
Bi 6. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau.
a) a, b 0 . Chng minh a 3 b3 a 2b ab 2
b) a , b tha a b 2 . Chng minh a 3 b 3 a 2 b 2 v a 3 b3 2
V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

c) Cho a , b, c tha a b c 3 . Chng minh a 4 b 4 c 4 a 3 b3 c 3

d) Cho a , b tha a b 0 . Chng minh

a b a 2 b2 a3 b3 4 a 6 b6

e) Cho a , b . Chng minh a10 b10 a 2 b 2 a 8 b8 a 4 b 4

a2
f) Cho a 36 v abc 1. Chng minh
b 2 c 2 ab bc ca
3
3

1 ab
g) Cho a , b tha a b 0 . Chng minh a b
2
ab
2

h) Cho a , b, c . Chng minh ab bc ca 3abc a b c

v a 4 b 4 c 4 abc a b c

i) Cho a , b, c . Chng minh a 4 b 4 c 2 1 2a ab 2 a c 1

a2
j) Cho a , b, c . Chng minh
b 2 c 2 ab ac 2bc
4
k) Cho a , b, c 0 . Chng minh a b c ab bc ca
Phn II. p dng mt vi bt ng thc n gin chng minh bt ng
thc khc.
Dng 1. p dng bt ng thc a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca 1 vi a , b, c
2

Theo hng ng thc: a b c a 2 b 2 c 2 2 ab bc ca v 1 ta c:

a b c

3 ab bc ca Du " " xy ra a b c

a b c

3 a 2 b 2 c 2 Du " " xy ra a b c

Cc bt ng thc trn rt c bn v n gin nhng nu c p dng hp l th

c th gii c nhiu bi ton bt ng thc khc.
V d 1.(Canada 2002): Cho ba s a, b, c 0 Chng minh
a 3 b3 c 3

a bc
bc ca ab

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Gii:

a 3 b3 c 3

a b c a 4 b 4 c 4 abc a b c
bc ca ab

p dng BT a, b, c R : a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca hai ln ta c:
a 4 b 4 c 4 a 2b 2 b 2c 2 c 2 a 2 abbc bcca caab abc a b c

Du " " xy ra a b c .
+ Nu cho abc 1 ta c bt ng thc:
Cho ba s thc a, b, c tha: abc 1 . Chng minh: a 4 b 4 c 4 a b c
+ Nu cho a b c 1 ta c bt ng thc:
Cho ba s thc a, b, c tha: a b c 1 . Chng minh: a 4 b 4 c 4 abc
V d 2. (BMO 2001)
Cho ba s a, b, c 0 : a b c abc Chng minh: a 2 b 2 c 2 3abc
2

Gii: a 2 b 2 c 2 3abc a 2 b 2 c 2 3 abc

Ta c: a 2 b 2 c 2 3 a 2b 2 b 2c 2 c 2 a 2 3 abbc bcca caab

3abc a b c 3 abc

Du " " xy ra a b c 3
V d 3. (Bearus 1996) Cho a, b, c 0 : a b c abc . Chng minh:
ab bc ca 9 a b c
2

Gii: ab bc ca 3 abbc bcca caab 3abc a b c

3

3
2
3 a b c 3 3 3 abc 81abc 81 a b c

Vy ab bc ca 9 a b c
Du " " xy ra a b c 9
V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Bi tp.
Bi 1. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc. Chng minh
a) a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca

b) 3 a 2 b 2 c 2 a b c 3 ab bc ca
Bi 2.

a 3 b3 c 3

abc
a)Cho a, b, c 0 . Chng minh
bc ca ab
1 1 1
b)Cho a, b, c 0 tha a b c abc . Chng minh a b c 3
a b c
c)Cho a, b, c 0 tha a b c abc . Chng minh a 2 b2 c 2 3abc
d)Cho a, b, c 0 tha a b c abc . Chng minh ab bc ca 9 a b c
Bi 3. Cho a, b, c 0 tha a b c 1. Chng minh

ab bc ca

1
c
a
b

b)

a 2 b2 c2
1
b
c
a

c) a 4 b 4 c 4 abc

d)

ab bc ca
1 1 1

2

c2
a2
b2
a b c

a)

Bi 4. Cho a, b, c 0 : a b c 1. Chng minh

4a 1 4b 1 4c 1 21

1 1
Dng 2 .Cho a, b 0 .Chng minh: a b 4 2
a

Chng minh: a b 4 a b 4ab a b 0 (ng)

a b

Du " " xy ra a b
V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Bt ng thc 2 thng c s dng di dng:

1 1
4

3
a b ab

y l mt bt ng thc n gin nhng dng n ta s gii quyt nhiu bt ng

thc khc kh hn.
V d 4: Cho ba s dng a, b, c . Chng minh:

3
3
1 1

2a b a 2b a b

Gii: Dng bt ng thc 3

3
3
3 1
1

2a b 3a a 2b 4 3 a a 2b
2
2
2
2

Tng t

3 2
2 1
3


4 3a a 2b a 2 a 2b

3
1
3

a 2b b 2 a 2b

.Du " " xy ra a b

Cng v theo v ta c iu phi chng minh.
V d 5. Cho a, b, c 0 . Chng minh:

1
1
1

2a b c a 2b c a b 2c

11 1 1

4a b c

Dng BT (3)
Ta c:

1
1
1 1
1 1 2 1 1

2a b c a b a c 4 a b a c 16 a b c

Du " " xy ra a b c
Tng t ta c:

1 1 2 1
1

a 2b c 16 a b c

1 1 1 2
1

a b 2c 16 a b c

Du " " xy ra a b c
Du " " xy ra a b c

Cng v theo v ta c:
1
1
1
1 4 4 4 11 1 1

2a b c a 2b c a b 2c 16 a b c 4 a b c

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

Du " " xy ra a b c
V d 6. Cho a, b, c 0 . Chng minh:
1
1
1
1
1
1

2a b c a 2b c a b 2c a 3b b 3c c 3a

Gii:
Ta c:

1
1
4
2

a 3b a b 2c a 3b a b 2c a 2b c
1
1
4
2

b 3c 2a b c b 3c 2a b c a b 2c
1
1
4
2

c 3a a 2b c c 3a a 2b c 2a b c

Cng v theo v ta c iu phi chng minh.

Du " " xy ra a b c
2

a b
a2
b2
V d 7. Cho a, b 0 . Chng minh:

a 1 b 1 a b 2
Gii:
a2
b2
a 2 1 1 b2 1 1
1
1
Ta c:

a b 2

a 1 b 1
a 1
b 1
a 1 b 1

1
1
4

Du " " xy ra a b
a 1 b 1 a b 2
2

a b
a2
b2
4
Do ta c:

ab2

a 1 b 1
ab2 a b2
Du " " xy ra a b
+ Nu a, b 0 : a b 1 ta c bi ton: Chng minh:

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

a2
b2
1

(Hungary 1996)
a 1 b 1 3

+ Nu a, b 0 : a b 2 ta c bi ton: Chng minh:

a2
b2

1
a 1 b 1

Bi tp tng t:
Bi 2: Cho ba s dng a, b, c : a b c 1 . Chng minh:
1
1
1
9

bc ca ab 2

Bi 3: Cho ba s dng a, b, c : a b c 1 . Chng minh:

1
1
1
2
2
9
a 2bc b 2ca c 2ab
2

Bi 4: (Nesbitt) Cho a, b, c 0 .Chng minh:

a
b
c
3

bc ca ab 2

Bi 5:(IMO 1995) Cho abc 1, a, b, c 0 Chng minh:

1
1
1
3
3
3

a b c b c a c a b 2
3

Bi 6: (IMO Short List 1993) Cho a, b, c 0 . Chng minh:

a
b
c
d
2

b 2c 3d c 2d 3a d 2a 3b a 2b 3c 3

Bi 7.
a) Cho a , b 0 : a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca A

b) Cho a , b 0 : a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca B

1
1

2
a b
2ab
2

1
1

2
2
1 a b
2ab

c)Cho a , b 0 : a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca C

1
1

4 ab
2
a b
ab

d)Cho a , b 0 : a b 1 . Tm GTNN ca D

1
1
1
2 2
3
a b a b ab

V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK