PHN TCH YU CU PHN MM

Nm hc 2014-2015

Gio vin: PGS.Hunh Quyt Thng

BM Cng ngh phn mm
Vin CNTT-TT, HBK HN
www.soict.hust.edu.vn/~thanghq

Chng 3. c t cc yu cu phn mm

1.Cu trc ti liu c t cc yu cu phn mm

2. c t h thng
3. c t cc yu cu h thng
4. c t cc yu cu phn mm

Cc mu c t yu cu phn mm (SRS template)

Mi t chc, cng ty phn mm u cn xy dng

cc SRS template ca mnh
Mt s phin bn ca SRS template c khuyn
ngh nn s dng:
Robertson and Robertson 1999
IEEE 830-1998

Cc SRS template l cc ti liu c cu trc tt,

mm do, c kh nng tu bin c theo yu
cu ca mi cng ty phn mm

1.3.3. Cc mu c t yu cu phn mm (SRS template)

IEEE 830-1998 Adapted and Extended Template:

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of this document
1.2 Document Convention
1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestion
1.4. Product Scope
1.5. References
2. Overall Description
2.1 Product perspective
2.2 Product Functions
2.3 User Characteristics
2.4 Operating Environment
2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints
2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies
4

1.3.3. Cc mu c t yu cu phn mm (SRS template)

IEEE 830-1998 Adapted and Extended Template

(tip):
3. External Interface Requirement
3.1 User Interface
3.2 Hardware Interface
3.3 Software Interface
3.4. Communication Interface
4. System Features
4.x System Feature X
4.x.1 Description and Priority
4.x.2 Stimulus/Response Sequences
4.x.3 Functional Requirement

1.3.3. Cc mu c t yu cu phn mm (SRS template)

IEEE 830-1998 Adapted and Extended Template

(tip):
5. Other Non-Functional Requirement
5.1. Performance Requirement
5.2. Safety Requirement
5.3. Security Requirement
5.4. Software Quality Attributes
5.5. Business Rules
5.6. User Documentation
6. Other Requirement
Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix B: Analysis Model
Appendix C: To - Be - Determined List

c t cc yu cu phn mm

Khng ph thuc cc yu cu phn mm c

tm ra, c xy dng nh th no, cui cng
bao gi chng ta cng phi c t cc yu cu
ny.
Cc tiu thc nh gi mt c t: tnh nht
qun, tnh thn thin, d s dng
Trong c t phi nu c c business
requirement, phm vi ng dng, gii hn ca
ng dng
Trong c t phi nu c y cc user
requirement, s dng cc mu (template) ca
cc trng hp s dng ca tng yu cu.
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c t cc yu cu phn mm
Cc im lu khi c t yu cu phn mm (SRS):
(1) Lm theo v s dng cc mu c t: nn quy nh
mt mu c t chung trong t chc ca chng ta,
s dng mt s mu (template) no : IEEE 830 1998. Lu rng hon ton c quyn s i, quy
nh li cc biu mu nu nh iu l cn thit.
(2) Xc inh r ngun gc ca yu cu phn mm trong
c t: c th tt c bit c ti sao li pht sinh
cc yu cu phn mm ny, chng ta nn ch r ti
sao n li c- t NSD, yu cu chc nng h thng,
do quy ch, hay do cc ngun khc.

c t cc yu cu phn mm
Cc im lu khi c t yu cu phn mm (SRS):
(3) t nhn (label) cho tng yu cu phn mm: chng
ta nn thng nht quy c cch t nhn (tn) cho
cc yu cu - nn t nhn lm sao nhn ca cc
yu cu mang cng nhiu cc thng tin v cc yu
cu cng tt.
(4) Ghi li cc nguyn tc ca cng vic (business rule):
cc nguyn l hot ng ca h thng, ca cc thao
tc, cng vic cn c miu t.

c t cc yu cu phn mm
Cc im lu khi c t yu cu phn mm (SRS):
(5) Nn to ra ma trn theo di cc yu cu phn mm
(requirements traceability matrix): iu ny rt c ch
trong qu trnh phn tch cc yu cu, qu trnh thit
k, lp trnh v kim th cc chc nng ca h
thng. Ma trn ny cng rt c ch gip cho chng ta
lin kt cc chc nng vi cc yu cu phn mm
lin quan. Nn s dng thng xuyn ma trn trong
sut thi gian pht trin phn mm.

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Ghi li cc nguyn tc ca cng vic (Record business rule)

Khi NSD miu t cho chng ta mt hot ng no

ch c thc hin trong nhng diu kin nht nh, do
nhng tc nhn nht nh, v.v. tc l chng ta c
mt nguyn tc cng vic
Nguyn tc cng vic l tp hp cc cc nguyn tc
hot ng ca qu trnh thc hin cng vic
Chng ta c ngh v phi xy dng cc yu cu h
thng v mt chc nng p ng cc nguyn tc
cng vic ny - tuy nhin khng nn ng nht yu cu
chc nng vi nguyn tc cng vic
Trong SRS nn tp hp v c t tt c cc nguyn tc
ca cng vic vo mt mc ring.

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c t cc yu cu phn mm theo mu

C th n c t yu cu phn mm (SRS) c
coi nh: c t chc nng h thng, s tho thun
v chc nng, c t h thng.
SRS l c s cho mi hot ng ca d n: phn
tch, thit k, lp k hoch, vit m, kim th, v.v.
Khi c t yu cu phn mm c th s dng cc
cng c:
Vn bn (textual document)
M hnh ho (graphical models)
Cc ngn ng c t hnh thc

Cc im lu :
Tt c cc yu cu phn mm phi c ua vo c t.
SRS c xy dng trc khi phn tch v xy dng
phn mm
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c t cc yu cu phn mm theo mu

1. Gn nhn cc yu cu phn mm (labeling)

c c mt c t tt, c th theo di mi lin
quan gia cc yu cu, qu trnh pht sinh ra
chng, v.v. chng ta cn c mt quy nh gn
nhn cc yu cu mt cch khoa hc. C mt s
phng php thng dng:
Gn nhn lin tip (sequence number): UR - xxxx
Gn nhn theo th bc (Hierarchical numbering):
UR 3.2.1 (phng php ny c sdng rng
ri nht)
Gn nhn theo tn th th bc (Hierarchical
texttual tags):Print.Copies.Confirm
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c t cc yu cu phn mm theo mu

2. nh du nhng im cha r trong c t

i khi chng ta thiu mt s cc thng tin v cc
yu cu phn mm, chng ta cn tho lun vi
NSD bit chi tit hn, v.v. Tt c nhng ch
nh vy nn c nh du bng To be
determined - TBD. Nh vy chng ta phn
nh r nhng im thiu (gaps) trong c t
cn l sng t.
Tt c cc TBD ny phi c gii quyt trc
khi bt u qu trnh phn tch v xy dng phn
mm.
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c t cc yu cu phn mm theo mu

3. Mi lin quan gia c t v giao din ngi

s dng
S kt hp gia thit k giao din trong SRS c c
u im v nhc im:
Nhc im:

Cc yu cu v giao din thc cht ch l cc gii php m

khng phi l cc yu cu phn mm.
Qu trnh xy dng cc yu cu s ko di
NSD, khch hng c th tn rt nhiu thi gian vi giao din
m qun i nhim v chnh ca h l gip chng ta xy
dng cc yu cu phn mm
Cc giao din xy dng giai on ny ch mang tnh cht
nh hng
15

c t cc yu cu phn mm theo mu

3. Mi lin quan gia c t v giao din ngi

s dng (tip)
Uu im:
C kh nng trau chut cc yu cu phn mm, xy dng
cc tng tc tr nn hu hh v d hiu hn cho c
khch hng v c cc PTV
Tr gip tt hn cho vic lp k hoch v nh gi khi
lng cng vic.

Kt lun y l nn s dng mt s giao din

chun hoc cc m hnh giao din mc va
phi a vo c t: m hnh chung ca cc
giao din nhp liu, cc giao din - mn hnh s
l, giao din - mn hinh hin th, cc hp thoi, v.v.
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