i hc cn th - khoa nng nghip

gio trnh ging dy trc tuyn

ng 3/2, Tp. Cn Th. Tel: 84 71 831005, Fax: 84 71 830814
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.vn/knn email: dminh@ctu.edu.vn, vtanh@ctu.edu.vn

BNH CHUYN KHOA

CHNG 23:
BNH HI CY TIU

CHNG XXIII

BENH HAI CAY TIEU

Hien nay, thanh phan benh hai tieu trong vung BSCL rat phong phu. Co gan
30 dang benh hai tieu trong vung BSCL, chu yeu co cac benh sau ay:

BENH RUNG LONG (Tieu cui)

I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Cac long rung dan t ot xuong hoac rung ong loat nhieu long, tuy theo loai
tac nhan gay benh. Benh co the do cac ky sinh hoac do thieu kch thch to tang trng.
- Benh do nam Rhizoctonia solani: nam tan cong ot day tieu, lam ot thoi nau
en roi rung phan long pha tren ot.
- Benh do nam Phytophthora sp.: nam tan cong phan long, lam long thoi dan xuong
ot ben di roi long mi rung.
- Benh do vi khuan Pseudomonas sp.: vi khuan tan cong t ot, lam ot b heo,
benh lan dan xuong, lam long rung dan dan.
- Benh do thieu chat Kch thch to tang trng.
II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
- Phun phong tr benh do nam Rhizoctonia hoac do vi khuan Pseudomonas bang
thuoc Copper B. Phun phong tr benh do nam Phytophthora bang thuoc Aliette 0,4%,
phun nh ky 15 ngay/lan.
- Neu rung long do thieu Kch thch to tang trng th bo sung.

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BENH TIEU IEN

I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Tren la non co nhng om nho mau vang, benh lan dan len ot moi luc cang
nang hn. Benh nang, ot va cac la non nho lai, quan queo, day tieu can coi, nang
suat kem.
Benh cha c xac nh ro tac nhan gay ra. Benh co the do virus hoac do
mycoplasma va co the co mot loai Ray xanh truyen benh; tuyen trung Xiphinema cung
co the la nguyen nhan lay lan benh; cung co the do thieu nguyen to vi lng Mg.
II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
Khi benh mi bat au xuat hien, tron at vi phan tro roi bon them vao goc tieu.
Neu benh do thieu Mg, th can phat hien benh sm va phun dung dch Mg. Ngan nga
Ray xanh va tuyen trung.

BENH THOI CO RE
I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Day tieu co mau vang va heo t ot xuong. Co re co vet benh am t, thoi lam
vo co re bong ra. Di vet benh moc ra mot so choi mi.
Benh do nam Phytophthora parasitica var. piperina, nam lu ton trong at, sinh
ra noan-bao-t (oospores) va ong- bao-t (zoospores). ong-bao-t di chuyen c
trong at va doc theo day tieu khi day b t. Nam thng tan cong ni co re.
II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
- Phong benh: ay la bien phap chu yeu cho hieu qua cao oi vi benh nay. Nen
bon nhieu phan chuong a hoai muc, nhat la phan trau bo. vung BSCL, nen vun
mo len khoi mat lp, khong nen bon phan heo hoac phan ga. Co the phun thuoc
Copper Zinc 0,4% len co re e nga benh.

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- Tr benh: phun thuoc Aliette 0,4% len la (neu la con ti) hoac ti vao re (neu la
a b heo). Thuoc khong co tac dung tiep xuc ma co tac dung lu dan c ca hai
chieu len va xuong.

BENH HEO RU
I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Cac la di b vang va heo dan len cac la tren, day b heo ot ngot. Trong day
tieu co mau en, re cung co mau en. Benh do nam !IFusarium!i sp. gay ra, nam benh
lu ton chu yeu trong at va tan cong vao re, thng la re cua nhng day b suy yeu
do tuyen trung gay hai hoac re co vet thng. Nam phat trien ben trong re va lan
dan len tren.
II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
Chu yeu la khau phong benh, bang cach vun mo cao, bon phan chuong hoai
muc. Phong tr tuyen trung re bang cach rai thuoc Basudin vao goc. Tranh gay vet
thng cho re khi vun xi goc. Benh tng oi kho tr v khi cay bieu hien trieu chng
ra ngoai th benh a tram trong.

BENH HEO DAY

I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Benh do hai loai nam gay ra vi trieu chng thay oi tuy theo tac nhan.
- Heo day do nam !ISclerotium!i sp. : cay b heo dan dan, nen benh con co ten la
benh "heo cham". La vang, vet benh mau nau xuat hien phan than cach mat at
khoang 1-2 dm. Benh nang, nhu mo ni vet benh ra ra.
- Heo day do nam Botryobasidium rolfsii : benh thng phat trien vao mua ma, co
hien tng heo nh tren nhng khong co vet benh tren than. Cac re non b thoi en,
benh nang, ca bo re b thoi.

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II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.

- Gi at va vn tieu c thoang. Vun mo len va tron nhieu phan chuong hoai
muc.
- Phun thuoc Copper B hoac Rovral, phun len day tieu nh ky 10-15 ngay/lan e
phong tr benh.

BENH BU RE
(VANG LA do Tuyen Trung, CHET CHAM, Root-knot nematodes)

I. TRIEU CHNG BENH.

La b vang eu tren toan cay, trong gan giong nh hien tng b thieu am,
nhng benh thng ch xuat hien rai rac tng am, con trieu chng thieu am th lai
xay ra nguyen am. Mot so la co hien tng chay t chop la vao. Gap nang gat, la
heo giong nh b thieu nc tram trong.
Cay phat trien kem, cho t trai, nang suat giam. Re phat trien kem, thng ngan
lai va t am re phu, Re co nhieu bu, gay bien dang cac mach dan truyen trong cac
bu, t o se lam roi loan hoac lam ngng s hap thu nc va chat dinh dng.
Vao mua nang, cay benh b kho heo rat nhanh, trieu chng benh cang the hien
ro net va nang hn. Trai lai, vao mua ma, benh tr nen giam nhe i neu cay c
cham soc tot va tang cng phan bon ay u hn.
Sau khi b tuyen trung tan cong, re b ton thng, m ng cho cac vi sinh vat
khac phu nhiem them, nh cac giong nam co san trong at: Fusarium, Rhizoctonia,
Pythium, Phytophthora,... lam cay cang suy yeu hn.

II. TAC NHAN GAY BENH.

Benh do tuyen trung Meloidogyne spp., trong o, hai loai pho bien nhat la: M.
incognita va M. arenaria. Loai incognita thng tao ra cac bu re co kch thc rat to
(co the at gan 2cm vi hang chuc con trng thanh trong moi bu, ay la ket qua
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c quan sat mot so vn tieu cua huyen Hoa Thanh, tnh Tay Ninh) so vi bu
re tao ra do loai arenaria c quan sat Ha Tien va Phu Quoc.
Mam benh co vong i ngan (3 tuan - 2 thang), thay oi tuy theo cay ky chu va
moi trng song. Nhiet o at toi hao cho tuyen trung phat trien la 20-30 o C. Loai
incognita co kha nang chu ng ieu kien nhiet o cao hn loai arenaria: tren 32 o
C, loai arenaria se giam kha nang e trng va tao bu nho lai, con loai incognita th
van tiep tuc sinh san c nhiet o at len en tren 35,5 o C.
Tuyen trung co kha nang gay hai cho cay t khi mi n t trng. Trng c e
trong mo re cay hoac trong at: neu au trung n trong mo re cay, se chch hut tai cho;
con neu n t trng trong at th au trung se di chuyen tm re cay e tan cong. Khi
con trong at, au trung khong an uong g ca ma van co the song c trong nhieu
thang.
Sau khi xam nhap vao re, au trung di chuyen en gan tru trung tam, co nh tai
o roi bat au chch hut. Trc khi chch hut dch cay, tuyen trung thng tiet ra mot
chat dch tieu hoa, chat nay lam cho cac te bao tru mach phat trien to ra, ong thi
lam tang toc o phan cat te bao vung vo tru, nen re cay phnh to ra thanh bu.
III. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
- Trong ung mua vu. Dung day tieu manh e lam giong.
- Bon phan can oi, tang cng bon them phan hu c a that hoai muc. Tranh
ngap ung va ve sinh tot cho vn tieu. Co the trong quanh goc cay tieu cac loai cay
chong tuyen trung nh Cuc, Van Tho v.v..., nham han che s phat trien cua tuyen
trung gay hai, neu co.
- Nen kh at nga benh trc khi trong, nhat la oi vi cac vn thng xuyen b
nhiem benh, bang cach: rai 50g thuoc Furadan 3H cho moi ho trong, hoac rai 20g
thuoc Mocap 10G cho moi ho trong.
- Khi cay b nhiem benh, dung cac thuoc neu tren, ti hoac rai vao goc tieu.

BENH THOI RE do TUYEN TRUNG PRATYLENCHUS

(Root-lesion nematodes)
I. TRIEU CHNG BENH.
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La vang, cac long cua day tieu hi ngan lai. Bo re kem phat trien, tren re co
nhieu vet benh mau nau en en do tuyen trung chch hut, lam re b thoi. Cay suy yeu
dan.
II. TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Benh do tuyen trung Pratylenchus spp. gay ra. Tuyen trung nay thuoc nhom noi
ky sinh di ong (migratory endoparasites).
Chung chch hut re non, lay chat dinh dng cua cay, song va sinh san trong vo
re cay. Ve kch thc, ay la tuyen trung nho nhat trong nhom tuyen trung song nh
vao cay, thanh trung dai: 500-800 micron.
Mot so loai nh: P. brachyurus, P. zeae th pho bien va hien dien vi mat so
cao trong at cat, nhat la cac vung nong. Cac loai khac nh: P. hexincisus, P.
penetrans th lai pho bien trong at nang va nhieu vung on i.
Tuyen trung nay co pho ky chu rat rong, ngoai cay tieu, chung con tan cong cay
bap, cay ngu coc khac, ma,, rau cai, thuoc la, ca chua, khoai tay, dau tay, cay an trai,
cay thong va nhieu loai co.
Ngoai viec gay tac hai trc tiep, khi tuyen trung chch hut re, cung chnh la luc
chung m ng cho cac vi-sinh-vat khac tan cong vao cay, lam re b thoi cang nhanh
hn.
III. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
Ap dung cac bien phap giong nh oi vi benh Bu re cay tieu.

BENH THOI RE do TUYEN TRUNG XIPHINEMA

(Dagger nematodes)
Benh do tuyen trung Xiphinema spp. gay ra. Tuyen trung nay thuoc nhom ngoai
ky sinh (ectoparasites), co pho ky chu rat rong, gom: rau cai, dau tay, cay hoa hong va
cac cay hoa kieng khac, ca chua, cac cay ai thu, nhieu loai co, nh co alfalfa, co
red- clover va nhieu loai cay khac.

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Tuyen trung nay hien dien pho bien vung ban nhiet i va vung on i. Ben
canh viec gay tac hai trc tiep cho cay, tuyen trung con co kha nang truyen benh virus
cho cay. ay la moi quan ngai nhat cho ky chu.
Benh nay co trieu chng tng t nh benh Thoi re do tuyen trung Pratylenchus.
Ap dung cach phong tr nh oi vi benh Bu re cay tieu.

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