Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Student Workbook
Unit 2: BIM Design Process
Contents
Unit Overview .....................................................................................................................3!
Key Concepts.................................................................................................................3!
Lesson Roadmap ...........................................................................................................6!
Software Tools and Requirements.................................................................................7!
Suggested Resources....................................................................................................7!
Lesson 1: Area and Space Planning ................................................................................9!
Lesson Overview............................................................................................................9!
Learning Objectives .....................................................................................................10!
Suggested Exercises ...................................................................................................10!
Assessment..................................................................................................................15!
Key Terms....................................................................................................................15!
Lesson 2: Project Phases and Phased Design .............................................................16!
Lesson Overview..........................................................................................................16!
Learning Objectives .....................................................................................................18!
Suggested Exercises ...................................................................................................18!
Assessment..................................................................................................................21!
Key Terms....................................................................................................................22!
Lesson 3: Design Options...............................................................................................23!
Lesson Overview..........................................................................................................23!
Learning Objectives .....................................................................................................24!
Suggested Exercises ...................................................................................................24!
Assessment..................................................................................................................27!
Key Terms....................................................................................................................28!
Lesson 4: Detailed Design/ Construction Documents .................................................29!
Lesson Overview..........................................................................................................29!
Learning Objectives .....................................................................................................30!
Suggested Exercises ...................................................................................................31!
Assessment..................................................................................................................35!
Key Terms....................................................................................................................36!
Lesson 5: Detailed Design/Schedules and Quantities .................................................38!
Lesson Overview..........................................................................................................38!
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Learning Objectives .....................................................................................................40!
Suggested Exercises ...................................................................................................40!
Assessment..................................................................................................................43!
Key Terms....................................................................................................................43!
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Unit Overview
Key Concepts
Design is typically an iterative process where ideas are successively refined in a series of
phases or stages, each focusing on specific aspects of the design. While the process
followed by every project team will have its own unique features, the stages typically
include:
Preliminary design
Design development
Each of these design phases has a specific focus and questions that are typically
answered before moving to later stages.
As design activities move through these stages, a top-down approach is often used. The
early stages focus on high-level decisions with major impacts that will shape the options
available during later stages. The later phases focus on developing and exploring the
selected options and filling in the needed details.
Conceptual or Schematic Design
The conceptual design stage typically starts with a program statement that enumerates
the requirements that must be fulfilled by the design. Using this program statement as a
guide, the design team typically develops and evaluates several rough concepts for the
overall shape, massing, orientation, and positioning of the building on the project site.
In developing these design concepts, many constraints must be considered that bound
the potential building envelope. These often include site setbacks, floor area or building
footprint limitations, daylight plane and shading restrictions, and other requirements
imposed by local authorities and approval agencies.
Balancing the client requests and requirements and the site constraints can be a tricky
task. Abstract concepts of the overall building shape and placement will be developed and
evaluated, often with little detail about the precise features of the building envelope or the
configuration of the rooms inside. In order to keep the design problem manageable, this
top-down approach focuses on making the big decisions first, saving more detailed design
decisions for a later phase.
Using the power of BIM tools, many aspects of these conceptual designs can be
evaluated at even this earliest stage. For example, building performance analysis can be
performed to evaluate the potential energy use of various building shapes and
orientations. Design teams can use this early feedback to help guide their
recommendations about the best alternative to choose.
The conceptual design options will be evaluated and presented to the clients, and once a
preferred option is selected and approved, the process can move on to the next stage.
Preliminary Design
Having established the overall shape and form of the building envelope, design teams
often focus on area and space planningallocating the space within the building envelope
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to the various program needs and considering various layouts for how these spaces might
be organized.
During the preliminary design phase, designers will also typically articulate the features of
the building envelope, proposing the exterior wall materials and assemblies, preliminary
window placements, daylighting and shading features, and the roof form. Preliminary
room layouts are also be created to develop the scheme for the interior spaces that will be
used.
As information about the proposed design is refined and added to the building model,
analysis of the proposed design can continue to guide the design. For example, during the
preliminary design phase, cost estimates are often developed based on the quantities and
materials specified in the model. These estimates provide valuable feedback that helps
design teams evaluate the impact of potential design decisions and ultimately make better
decisions.
Design Development
During the design development phase, the ideas and design features selected during the
preliminary design phase are developed and explored in more detail.
For example, once the room layouts have been approved, a wide variety of interior details
and finishes can be added to flesh out the design. Design alternatives for casework
options and fixture placement can be considered. Special architectural treatments for
interior walls or ceilings can be evaluated. While these features could have been added
during an earlier phase, it makes more sense and decreases the likelihood of wasted work
to add them after the preliminary design decisions are made.
Another common design activity during the design development phase is the evaluation of
design optionsidentifying key features where the design team would like to develop and
explore several alternate approaches. The flexibility of the BIM modeling process allows
teams to develop alternate design ideas and evaluate them in the context of the overall
proposed design. By making it easy to consider design options, teams have greater
latitude to test innovative ideas and find better solutions.
During the design development phase, analysis of the building model can continue at
greater detail. Cost estimates can be updated and refined. Analysis tools can be used on
the building model to assist teams in creating preliminary designs for the structural and
building systems (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems), and the impacts and
interactions with these systems can be evaluated and used to improve the proposed
design.
Construction Documents and Details
The construction document and detailing phase focuses on adding information to the
building model to fully describe the proposed design through drawings and details that can
be used to guide the construction process.
Fully documenting a proposed design at the level of detail required to guide the
construction process can be a monumental task. Every feature of the building assemblies,
the connection details, and the components that will be installed must be documented and
presented on sheets for distribution to the project delivery team.
BIM tools can assist in this phase of the design process in several ways. The building
model provides an overall framework for generating the details that must be created.
Rather than drawing each detail from scratch as a series of lines, views of the model can
be created that form the basis for details. Annotations and notes are added to complete
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and fully explain these details, but the building model serves as a valuable starting point
as well as a consistency check. Since model views are live, any changes to the building
model are automatically reflected in the derived details.
While the output of the construction document phase is typically a set of printed plan
sheets, the building model can be shared with the project delivery team to facilitate
automated quantity takeoffs as well as conflict and interference checking. This powerful
application of the BIM design process requires innovative approaches to organizing
project teams and sharing risk, and these topics are explored in curriculum Unit 5,
Integrated Project Delivery.
Impact of BIM on the Design Process
The use of BIM tools creates the opportunity to radically change and improve the design
process in several ways. Whereas traditional 2D CAD-based design approaches focused
on increasing the productivity of the construction document phase, a BIM-based design
workflow changes the process in a more fundamental way by enabling the sharing and
incremental enhancement of design information through all project phases.
Building modeling enables design teams to systematically assess and evaluate the
performance of their designs at even the earliest stages of a project. This early feedback
enables crucial and impactful design decisions to be made earlier in the process, when
there is still an opportunity to make greater impact at a lower cost.
The use of a BIM-based workflow also provides a vehicle for sharing proposed designs
that enables members of the design team to more easily collaborate using a live version
of the building model. Rather than working in silos and passing paper-based snapshots of
the design, all members of the design team can access the latest model changes and
assess the impact of their design recommendations in the context of the overall design.
Impact of BIM on the Project Delivery Process
Beyond the direct benefits to the design team, a BIM-based design workflow also benefits
the full project team and project delivery process.
Design is just one aspect of the total project lifecycle. Capturing building design
information in a BIM model also benefits other key stakeholders, including the
procurement team, the building team, and the facility managers. Each of the project
functions is responsible for producing certain information assets, all of which originate
from the building information captured in the design model:
Design
Procure
Build
Manage
Preliminary
Sketching
Quantity Takeoffs
Quantity Takeoffs
Parts Inventory
Purchase Orders
Cost Estimates
Shop Drawings
Schedules
Maintenance
Manuals
Reviews, Checks
Field Changes
Plan, Elevation,
Section, Detail
Drafting
Perspectives
Detail Clarifications
Renderings
As-Builts
Maintenance and
Repair Records
Tenant
Improvements
Modifications,
Changes, and
Remodels
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Traditionally, each of these functions has operated in silos, without much collaboration or
communication until there was a need for information handoff. In paper-based workflows,
those handoffs occur manually via physical construction or design documents. And the
regression of the project information through these paper handoffs results in backflows
that require rework to rebuild the project by reinterpreting the information from the
drawings.
Lesson Roadmap
In this unit, you will learn how BIM tools can be used to support an integrated design
workflow by exploring how to:
Use area and space planning techniques to create initial layouts that fulfill
program needs and meet planned space budgets.
Specify project phases and use phased design approaches to coordinate the
design process on multiphase and renovation projects.
Add details and annotations to model views to create detail views that can be
used in construction documents.
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Suggested Resources
BIM Methodology
BIM Deployment Plan
usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?id=14652957&siteID=123112
Case Studies/White Papers
Factor Ten Engineering Introduction
Link to White Paper
Factor Ten Engineering Design Principles
Link to White Paper
Autodesk AEC Headquarters and Integrated Project Design, Factor Ten Engineering
Case Study, August 2010
Link to White Paper
Banana Farm 1.0, Factor Ten Engineering Case Study, August 2010
Link to White Paper
10 Exchange Square, London: Information Technology for Collaboration, 2005
www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/pollalis/cases/BL-CaseStudy-mar-2005.pdf
Architecture Programs Implement Interdisciplinary Collaboration Studios to Capitalize on
the Emergence of Integrated Project Delivery
Link to White Paper
Autodesk Revit Architecture
Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011 User Assistance
docs.autodesk.com/REVIT/2011/ENU/landing.html
Autodesk Revit Architecture Services & Support Center
usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/ps/index?siteID=123112&id=2956546&linkID=9243099
Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011 Tutorials
usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?siteID=123112&id=14844953&linkID=9243097
BIM Curriculum Materials and Support
Autodesk BIM for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Management 2011
Curriculum
students.autodesk.com/ama/orig/bim2010/start.htm
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BIM Curriculum Support and Discussion
http://www.bimtopia.com/bimcurriculum.html
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Usable area: The area in a plan that is actually usable by clients and tenants. Usable
area typically excludes areas taken up by columns, walls, mechanical rooms, and shafts
and other nonusable space.
BOMA area: The Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) has defined a set
of definitions and area calculation rules that is widely used in the United States by
architects, developers, and facilities managers to help standardize the process of officebuilding development. More information on the BOMA standards and calculation rules can
be found at www.boma.org.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Understand the importance of creating area plans that communicate how the
project design meets the programmed space requirements for each end-use.
Appreciate the value of using area schedules that calculate gross building total
and subtotals.
Investigate the ways of adding custom parameters to room objects which are
then reported in the room schedules.
Suggested Exercises
Exercise 2.1.1: Defining and Displaying Areas and Area Plans
In this exercise, you will learn how to:
Create gross building type area plans with custom area type parameters and
color fills.
Generate area schedules with desired fields, formatting, sorting, and grouping.
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Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson1_Tutorial1.mp4
Create a gross building area plan for Building 2 that divides the space among
five departments whose requirements are outlined below:
o Earth Systems: 4000 SF
(372 square meters)
o Civil Engineering: 6500 SF
(604 square meters)
o Architecture: 4500 SF
(418 square meters)
o Electrical Engineering: 3500 SF (325 square meters)
o Urban Studies: 2500 SF
(232 square meters)
Use the Building 2 Area Schedule, which is already created in the project file,
to verify that the program requirements are being met by your proposed area
plan.
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Add room objects and defining new room object parameter types.
Generate and configure room schedules that group and tally across different
parameters.
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Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson1_Tutorial2.mp4
Add interior walls to Building 2 to divide the areas created in Exercise 2.2.1 into
the room types needed, including offices, classrooms, and conference rooms.
Use room separation lines to define room spaces not divided by walls.
Create room objects and number them sequentially. Then use the room
properties to assign their room types and department.
Generate two room schedules, one that groups by room type and the other by
department. Configure them with the proper fields, sort/group criteria, and
formatting rules. Also define the ceiling, floor, and wall finish types for each
room.
Duplicate the plan views at each level and crop the new views to show the
room layouts in Building 2 only. Then place these views and the room
schedules on D-size 24x36 (0.61 m x 0.91 m) sheets, similar to the example
shown in Figure 2.2.4.
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Figure 2.1.4. Example room layout with color fill legend and room schedule
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Assessment
Defining and Displaying Areas and Area Plans
What is the essential difference between a gross building area plan and
rentable area plan?
How can the room type allocations be used to generate a preliminary cost
estimate for the furnishings and interior finishes?
How are the wall, floor, and ceiling finish fields that appear in the room
schedule typically used?
Key Terms
The following key terms were used in this lesson:
Key Term
Definition
Area Plan
Schedule
Room
Room-Bounding
Elements
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By defining project phases and using phase-based filters to determine the information
presented in model views, the building model can be used to facilitate design and
visualization at each of the stages in the project lifecycle.
Modeling Phased Projects in Autodesk Revit
Phases are distinct, separate time periods or milestones within a project. Every project
includes at least one phase, and by default, Autodesk Revit software defines two
phases (named Existing and New Construction) in new projects. The project team can
rename these phases or add as many phases as needed to accurately describe the
project.
All elements in the building model have two properties that control the time periods during
which the element is considered to be presentPhase Created and Phase Demolished.
In project phases before the Phase Created or after the Phase Demolished, the element is
ignored and will not be displayed in model views.
The visibility of model elements in any view is determined by a combination of the Phase
property for that view and a Phase Filter that determines how elements will be displayed
based on their creation and demolition state relative to the current phase. Every element
is assigned a status relative to the phase of the current view:
NewIf the element was created in the phase of the current view
ExistingIf the element was created in an earlier phase and continues to exist
in the current phase
TemporaryIf the element was created and demolished during the current
phase
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Phase filters control the appearance of elements based this phase-based status by
specifying how elements of each status should be displayed:
By CategoryThe display settings in Visibility and graphics for that view will be
used to display any objects in that Phase Status.
Not DisplayedAny object that is that Phase Status will not display in the view.
OverriddenAny object that is that Phase Status will use the Graphic override
that is set on the Graphic Overrides tab of the Phases dialog box.
This phase information and phase filters are commonly used to create phase-specific
views of the building model that present or hide the model elements in a way that is most
appropriate for that project phase. The following table illustrates one scheme for using
phases and phase filters to create views for specific project uses.
View
Phase
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 2
Phase Filter
Show Previous + New
Shows
Omits
Anything demolished in
Phase 1
Anything demolished in
Phase 2
Views
showing
demolition
between
Phases 1
and 2
Views
showing new
elements
added in
Phase 2
Objects demolished in
Phase 2
Phase 2
Show New
Used for:
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Views of
proposed
design at end
of Phase 1
Views of
proposed
design at end
of Phase 2
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Phased Renovations
Another common design situation in which project phasing can be useful is renovations or
retrofits of existing structures. Renovations are typically modeled using two phases:
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Appreciate the importance of deciding in early stages how many phases they
need, what to name them, and how to order them.
Appreciate the method of setting up individual views to show only the desired
phases and to generate temporal snapshots of the project.
Explore how to model elements in the correct phase filtered view to correspond
with the phase you are editing or adding to.
Suggested Exercises
Exercise 2.2.1: Phased New Construction
In this exercise, you will learn how to:
Enable phases and define the necessary phases for a given project.
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Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson2_Tutorial1.mp4
Duplicate the existing views (plan views, elevations, and 3D views) of Phase 2
to create two sets of new views for Phase 3, setting the Phase and Phase Filter
properties to show these states:
Open the new Phase 3 views and place building elements (walls, doors,
windows, roofs, and so on) to construct the envelope of a third building in the
space indicated.
Open the views for the prior phases and verify that your new building elements
appear only in the views for Phase 3.
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Perform the demolition operations on model elements to make way for the
elements in the new construction.
Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson2_Tutorial2.mp4
Student Exercise
Unit2_Lesson2_Exercise2_Start.rvt
Open the proposed plan view of the home remodel, and demolish the building
elements located in the bedroom wing of the residence.
Place elements (walls, doors, windows, roofs, and so on) in the project model
to illustrate a proposed design for the bedroom suite addition.
As you place new elements, be certain not to delete, stretch, or edit existing
building elements. To accurately model a renovation project, elements should
only be demolished or created.
Place the floor plan views and elevations showing each of the project states
(as built, demolition, and proposed) on D-size 24x36 (0.61 m x 0.91 m) sheets,
cropping and scaling the views as needed to fit on the sheets.
o
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Figure 2.2.4. Example of proposed design for bedroom suite renovation during second
project phase
Assessment
Phased New Construction
Why do room objects exist in a single phase and not span between phases?
Phased Renovations
How could you apply phases to schedules, which are essentially just another
model view?
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Key Terms
The following key terms were used in this lesson:
Key Term
Definition
Project Phase
Phase Filter
Graphic Override
Phase Status
Existing
Demolished
New
Temporary
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A BIM-based design process enables designers to define key features or areas where
sets of design options will be considered and manage the proposed options in the context
of the overall design. Designers can define as many options sets as needed to evaluate
proposed design alternativesthere is no limit.
Rather than maintaining separate models for each of the proposed options, a single model
is used to coordinate the design of all options. The main building model includes all the
elements that are fixedthat is, not affected by the options being exploredand thus,
acts as a backdrop in which the design options can be evaluated. This single model
approach ensures consistency as the design progresses and continues to evolve.
Presenting and Comparing Design Options
Separate views are typically created that display each design option in the context of the
main model for presentation to the design team, clients, and other stakeholders in the
review process. These views can be presented individually or placed on a single sheet for
easy comparison.
One of the options in each design option set is assigned to be the primary option or
leading candidate among the options being considered. By default, the features of this
option are displayed in model views. To easily see and consider additional design options,
views can be duplicated and each view can be set to display a specific design option.
This ability to display the elements in specific design options extends to all model views
including schedules. This powerful feature enables design options to be fully evaluated in
both graphical and tabular views. For example, one wall schedule can tabulate data for
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the primary option and another wall schedule can present the revised data for a
secondary option.
After the design options have been considered and the preferred option has been
selected, that option can be accepted as the primary design solution and moved back into
the main model. When a design option is accepted, elements in the other design options
are removed from the building model to reduce the file size and improve model efficiency.
This approach is recommended if you have made a definite design decision and intend to
move forward with that decision. Keeping unused and out-of-date options in the project
needlessly inflates the file size and adds unwanted complexity.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Explore how to define new design option sets and experiment with design.
alternatives
Understand how to choose a design option as the final solution and discard the
other alternatives.
Suggested Exercises
Exercise 2.3.1: Using Option Sets to Compare Building Envelope
Design Alternatives
In this exercise, you will learn how to:
Define option sets for the major design decisions and design options within
each set.
Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson3_Tutorial1.mp4
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Student Exercise
Unit2_Lesson3_Exercise1_Start.rvt
Create two new design options in the Auditorium option set to explore
alternative designs for the auditorium space and building envelope.
Use these design options to illustrate two new proposed designs for the
auditorium that vary key features of the building envelope, for example:
Create floor plan and 3D views showing each of the proposed design options
for the auditorium, and place them on sheets.
Define option sets for the interior design alternatives and creating design
options within each set.
Video Tutorial
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Unit2_Lesson3_Tutorial2.mp4
Exercise
Unit2_Lesson3_Exercise2_Start.rvt
Create a new option set for the north end of Building 3 and three design
options in it.
Add the currently defined interior wall elements and all furniture in this area to
the set and choose only design Option 1.
Switch the plan view to show Design Option 2 and create a new layout that
illustrates the use of this area as a computer-training center with workstations
and desks.
Switch the plan view to show Design Option 3 and create another layout that
proposes a design for a new student lounge in this area.
Duplicate the plan view to create three views and set the visibility/graphic
overrides to show each of the design options in a separate view.
Crop and scale the plan views to highlight the option set area. Place those
views on sheets.
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Figure 2.3.4. Interior model elements added to Option 1 of Interior Fit out Option Set
Assessment
Using Option Sets to Compare Building Envelope Design Alternatives
How are elements that have been added to the options sets different from the
main model?
How is the primary option different from the other design options?
Can hosted elements (for example, windows and doors) be added to a design
option?
When design options are used, which elements appear in room, door, and
window schedules?
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Key Terms
The following key terms were used in this lesson:
Key Term
Definition
Option Set
Design Option
Active Option
Primary Option
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The following annotation categories are often added to model views to transform them into
fully functional construction: dimensions, detailing (detail lines, regions, components,
revision cloud, and detail group), text, element and view tags, and symbols. Annotations
and drafting detail are view-specific and do affect the underlying building model.
Here we will.
In this lesson, you explore the progressive layering of detail describing the construction of
a single wall and its features by creating a building section, drilling down to a wall section,
and creating details to illustrate the key connections between the wall and other building
elements.
Creating Annotated Section Views
The detailing process often begins by creating section views of the entire building and
specific wall assemblies.
Building sections often serve as road maps that point the way to related wall sections and
connection details. Wall sections typically display the detailed layers in a wall assembly
and how they connect to other building elements.
Since these section views are automatically updated when changes are made to model
elements, internal consistency of the model views is ensured. The BIM methodology can
save a great deal of time otherwise spent cross-referencing changes and looking for
consistency errors that are typical in paper-based workflows.
Creating Details and Callouts
Detail views are typically added to a set of construction documents to present information
at a larger scale or a finer level of detail needed to accurately understand specific
elements and connections between elements. Although detailing can be a tedious
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process, it is an essential step in converting designs into realizable construction
documents.
Details bridge the gap between design and construction, conveying crucial information to
the builders and contractors about how a design should be built. While it would be
unrealistic to try to model every single construction detail in 3D, details enable design
professionals to quickly convey practical assembly information in an easily shared 2D
form.
Using Autodesk Revit software, details can be created in two ways:
Detailed Model Views display the actual building model geometry at a larger
scale. Detailed model views are created by adding callouts or section cuts to
other views.
View tags are dynamically updated to show the proper sheet number and view number as
views are placed or moved between sheets. This real-time coordination prevents errors in
cross-referencing, thus creating more reliable documents and saving costly rework.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Explore the many ways we add detail and annotation to our views.
Understand how to place the views onto sheets, to modify their appearance or
scale, and to enhance by adding schedules.
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Suggested Exercises
Exercise 2.4.1: Creating Annotated Section Views
In this exercise, you will learn how to:
Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson4_Tutorial1.mp4
Create a wall section for the south wall at grid C to show the wall assemblies
and connection details. Crop this view to focus on this individual wall and its
connection to floor, roof, and foundation elements. Display this section at 1/2"
(1:24) scale and with a fine level of detail.
Add annotations to the wall section to explain the wall construction and
connection features, including text, tags, and detail components as illustrated
in Figure 2.4.2b.
Place the building section and wall section views on a D-size sheet.
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Figure 2.4.2a. Example of building section showing annotations and wall section callout
Figure 2.4.2b. Example of wall section showing annotations and detail components
Use callouts to create detailed model views and adding annotations to these
views.
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Understand how the information presented a view tag is updated as views are
placed on sheets.
Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson4_Tutorial2.mp4
Create a callout showing a detailed model view of the area at the center of the
wall section created in Exercise 2.4.1 focusing on the wall-to-second floor
connection.
o
Add detail components, adjust the filled regions, and add text notes explaining
the essential framing elements and building details:
o
Adjust the cut profile for gypsum wall board layer of the wall elements
on first and second floors as shown to eliminate the overlap with the
intersecting floor element. Also adjust the cut profile of the finish layer
of the floor assembly to remove the overlap with the wall framing
layers.
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Create a new drafting view for a standard detail of a typical window header.
o
Add filled regions, detail compoments, and annotations to develop the full detail
as shown in Figure 2.4.5.
o
Add a fill region to represent caulking between the window and the
gypsum wall board.
Edit the fill region for the gypsum wall board to wrap around the
header component and into window opening to meet caulking.
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Add a callout to the Wall Section A view to reference the new drafting view.
Enable the Reference other view option, and choose Drafting View: Window
Header Typical from the list.
Place both of these details on a Sheet S3 Wall Details and observe how the
view tags update with the sheet and view numbers referencing the placement
location.
Figure 2.4.5. Example of drafting view showing typical window header details
Assessment
Creating Annotated Section Views
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using drafting views versus
detailed model views?
If a view tag does not show a view and sheet number, what does this indicate?
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Key Terms
The following key terms were used in this lesson:
Key Term
Definition
Construction Documents
Detailing
Annotations
Section Views
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Since the information flow in Autodesk Revit products is bidirectional, the data from
changes in the model flows automatically into the schedule, and changes in the schedule
automatically flow back into the model. The model data can be edited through our
schedules, and this technique should be used when it is easier or more efficient than
doing so selecting and changing elements in graphical model views.
Creating and Presenting Models through Schedules
A schedule presents a tabular view of the project data, which can be filtered, grouped, and
formatted to fit your needs. Schedules can list every instance of the building elements or
collapse multiple instances into single rows, based on the schedules grouping criteria.
Since Revit software products create a database of the elements, building a schedule is
similar to creating a database query.
Schedules should be formatted to meet the needs of the end-user, whether they are
engineers, designers, clients, or code officials. Schedules are often placed on sheets
either alone or accompanied by the corresponding model view. Finally, schedules can be
exported to many formats, including delimited text files compatible with spreadsheet
software and database formats.
Enhancing and Adding Information to Schedules
By adding information, or intelligence, to schedules, we optimize the workflow and
maximize the utility of the building model. In this way, enhanced schedules can be the
basis of analysis for many goals of project.
Since model elements store all information about their physical properties, we can add
information fields or parameters to model element typefor example, type mark, size,
material, fire rating, and any other custom data fields we need. These parameters can be
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AUTODESK CURRICULUM
either user entered, such as text fields, or calculated values that depend on other
parameters.
Adding calculated values to schedules helps avoid errors and unnecessary time spent
performing manual calculations. A simple example of a calculated value formula would be
a width parameter set to equal twice the height of an object. In practice, formulas can be
used in many ways, both simple and sophisticated. For example, formulas can be used to:
Formula Guidelines
Formulas support the following arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, exponentiation, logarithms, and square roots. Formulas also support the following
trigonometric functions: sine, cosine, tangent, arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent.
The valid formula abbreviations for arithmetic operations and trigonometric functions are:
Addition: +
Division: /
Square root:
sqrt: sqrt(16)
Tangent: tan
Arccosine:
acos
Subtraction:
Exponentiation:
^: x^y, x raised
to the power of y
Sine: sin
Arcsine: asin
e raised to
an x power:
exp
Multiplication: *
Logarithm: log
Cosine: cos
Arctangent:
atan
Absolute
Value: abs
You can enter integers, decimals, and fractional values in formulas, using normal
mathematical syntax, as shown in the examples below:
Length = Height + Width + sqrt(Height*Width)
Length = Wall 1 (11000mm) + Wall 2 (15000mm)
Area = Length (500mm) * Width (300mm)
Volume = Length (500mm) * Width (300mm) * Height (800 mm)
Width = 100m * cos(angle)
x = 2*abs(a) + abs(b/2)
ArrayNum = Length/Spacing
Lastly, we can even introduce conditional statements to our schedules. A conditional
statement uses the following structure: IF (<condition>, <result-if-true>, <result-if-false>).
And it means that the values entered for the parameter depends on whether the condition
is satisfied (true) or not satisfied (false).
Conditional statements can contain numeric values, numeric parameter names, and
Yes/No parameters. You can use the following comparisons in a condition: <, >, =. You
can also use Boolean operators with a conditional statement: AND, OR, NOT. Currently,
<= and >= are not implemented. To express such a comparison, we can use a logical
NOT. For example, a<=b can be entered as NOT(a>b).
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The following are sample formulas that use conditional statements.
Simple IF: =IF (Length < 3000mm, 200mm, 300mm)
IF with a text parameter: =IF (Length > 35', String1, String2)
IF with logical AND: =IF ( AND (x = 1 , y = 2), 8 , 3 )
IF with logical OR: =IF ( OR ( A = 1 , B = 3 ) , 8 , 3 )
Embedded IF statements: = IF ( Length < 35' , 2' 6" , IF ( Length < 45' , 3' , IF (
Length < 55' , 5' , 8' ) ) )
IF with Yes/No condition: = Length > 40 (Note that both the condition and the results
are implied.)
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Understand how to use the completed schedule to edit the model through
BIMs bidirectional information flow.
Suggested Exercises
Exercise 2.5.1: Creating and Presenting Model Schedules
In this exercise, you will learn how to:
Place schedules into printable sheets either alone or with appropriate graphical
displays.
Export the schedules in common formats, such as delimited text files, which
can be used in Microsoft Excel.
Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson5_Tutorial1.mp4
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Student Exercise
Unit2_Lesson5_Exercise1_Start.rvt
Create a schedule of the floor elements that includes the following fields: level,
family, type, and area.
Sort and group the schedule rows first by level and then by type. Configure the
grouping and sorting to display subtotals for each level and for each type within
a level. In addition, display a grand total at the bottom of the schedule.
Export the schedule as a delimited text file and import it into Microsoft Excel or
another spreadsheet program.
Figure 2.5.2.Floor schedule grouped and sorted by level and type with area subtotals
Video Tutorial
Unit2_Lesson5_Tutorial2.mp4
AUTODESK CURRICULUM
Student Exercise
Unit2_Lesson5_Exercise2_Start.rvt
Open the Curtain Wall Panel Schedule and add two new parameters:
o
Open the Exterior Curtain Panels view and assign the orientation to each panel
by filling in values for the new orientation property.
Filter the schedule to only show exterior curtain wall panels, which all have a
type mark of A.
Group the schedule rows by the orientation field and display subtotals for each
orientation as well as a grand total for the entire schedule.
Format the schedule to calculate totals for the Glazing Area field.
Export the schedule as a delimited text file and import it into Microsoft Excel or
another spreadsheet program.
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Assessment
Creating and Presenting Model Schedules
Can you change an elements model category or type from within a schedule?
Key Terms
The following key terms were used in this lesson:
Key Term
Definition
Schedule
Tag
Parameter
Calculated Value
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Autodesk, DWG, and Revit are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., and/or its subsidiaries and/or
affiliates in the USA and/or other countries. All other brand names, product names, or trademarks belong to their
respective holders. Autodesk reserves the right to alter product and services offerings, and specifications and
pricing at any time without notice, and is not responsible for typographical or graphical errors that may appear in this
document.
2010 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
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