Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Plates Using Ansys

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
In recent years, advanced composite materials are being increasingly used in
many engineering and civilian applications, ranging from fuselage of an aeroplane to
the frame of a tennis racket. The high stiffness-to-weight ratio, coupled with the
flexibility in the selection of lamination scheme that can be tailored to match the design
requirements, make the laminated plates attractive structural components for
automotive and aerospace vehicles. The increased use of the laminated plates in various
structures has created considerable interest in their analysis.
The high performance of these multilayered structures makes them ideal
candidates for use in future high-speed aircraft, spacecraft, satellite antennas and
terrestrial system reflectors.
Recent years have witnessed an increasing use of advanced composite materials
(e.g. graphite/epoxy, boron/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy, graphite/PEEK etc.), which are
replacing metallic alloys in the fabrication of load bearing plate type structures because
of many beneficial properties, such as higher strength-to-weight ratios, longer fatigue
(including sonic fatigue) life, better stealth characteristics, enhanced corrosion
resistance and most significantly, the possibility of optimal design through the variation
of stacking pattern, fiber orientation and so forth known as composite tailoring.
A fibrous composite material generally has the fibers of glass, steel, graphite,
boron, carbon etc. that is generally bound together by embedding them using a matrix.
Few matrix materials being used are polyester, epoxy phenolics etc.
Fiber reinforced composite materials, for example contain high strength and
high modulus fibers in a matrix material. Reinforced steel bars embedded in concrete
provide an example of fiber-reinforced composites. In these composites, fibers are
principal load bearing members and matrix material keeps the fibers together, acts as a
load transfer medium between fibers and protects fibers from being exposed to the
environment.
1.2 LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

Laminated composite plates and shells have been used in many engineering
applications in recent years because of their many beneficial properties. Composite
materials constitute a group of materials formed by putting together at least two
different materials. Fig 1.1 shows schematic representation of laminated composite
plate.
Matrix material
Fibers
Fig 1.1 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF COMPOSITE PLATE

Composite materials are such that they inherit the superior qualities of the
combining materials. The properties which are impossible to be obtained from a single
material can be obtained from a composite due to its heterogeneous nature. All the
properties of the composites are the function of its constituent materials, their spatial
distribution and particle interaction between constituent materials.
There are two types of laminated composite plates. The first one is symmetric
laminated composite plates and the second one is anti-asymmetric laminated composite
plates.
Fig 1.2 and Fig 1.3 shows the schematic representation of symmetric and antiasymmetric types of laminated composite plates.
Fig 1.2 SYMMETRIC LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES
Fig 1.3 ANTI SYMMETRIC LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

3
1.3 NEED FOR PRESENT STUDY

Laminated composite structures have increasing applications in the aerospace,
marine, transportation, electrical and construction industries. In some of these
applications the composites are subjected to dynamic loads during their operation. The
plate and shell structures subjected to dynamic loading cause non-uniform stress field
which greatly affects the stability and dynamic behavior of structures. To avoid the
resonant behavior of the laminated composite structures, the results of the free vibration
analysis of the laminated composite structures in the structural design are very
important. The natural frequencies of the laminated composite plates have been
computed by finite element (FE) analysis software ANSYS .
1.4 ANSYS AND ITS APPLICATION

In modern world design process has been too close to precision so the use of
finite element method is extensive. It is being used as the most trustworthy tool for
designing. It helps to predict the behaviour of various products, parts, subassemblies
and assemblies. Analysing the results helps to prevent the time of prototyping and
reduces the expense due to physical test. It also increases the innovation at a faster and
more accurate way. Analysts and designers work together to find the most appropriate
answer using the most optimized tool. ANSYS is now being used in a number of
different engineering fields such as power generation, transportation, medical
components, electronic devices, and household appliances.
The first ANSYS seminar was held in 1976. The designing was improved from
2D modelling to 3D modelling. Beam models to shell and then to volumeelements were
used for modelling. Graphics were introduced for better modelling and analysis. The
substructure technique was introduced to divide the structure and analyse it element
wise. The first task was to discretize the structure into nodes and elements. ANSYS
gradually entered to a number of fields making it handy for fatigue analysis, nuclear
power plant, medical applications, to find the eigenvalues of magnet, etc. Thermal
analysis of various structures based on the thermal and mechanical loading was also
done.
For present work the analysis is done by choosing shell element from ANSYS
library. In the present work an element SHELL281 is used for the thick and thin
laminate plates.
1.5 SHELL281
SHELL281 is suitable for analyzing thin to moderately-thick shell structures.
The element has eight nodes with six degrees of freedom at each node: translations in
the x, y, and z axes, and rotations about the x, y, and z-axes. (When using the membrane
option, the element has translational degrees of freedom only.)
SHELL281 is well-suited for linear, large rotation, and/or large strain nonlinear
applications. Change in shell thickness is accounted for in nonlinear analyses. The
element accounts for follower (load stiffness) effects of distributed pressures.
SHELL281 may be used for layered applications for modeling composite shells
or sandwich construction. The accuracy in modeling composite shells is governed by
the first-order shear-deformation theory (usually referred to as Mindlin-Reissner shell
theory).
The element formulation is based on logarithmic strain and true stress measures.
The element kinematics allow for finite membrane strains (stretching). However, the
curvature changes within a time increment are assumed to be small.
Fig. 1.4 shows the geometry, node locations, and the element coordinate system
for this element. The element is defined by shell section information and by eight nodes
(I, J, K, L, M, N, O and P).
A triangular-shaped element may be formed by defining the same node number
for nodes K, L and O.
Fig. 1.4 SHELL281 Geometry
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 GENERAL
The vibration and stability studies of composite plates are an active and
advanced field of research, because of their superior properties such as high strength,
light weight and many other attractive dynamic characteristics such as Damping and
High Stiffness. But the reliability of the materials depends on the proper assessment of
the various static and dynamic properties of the composite and their behaviour under
different loading and atmospheric conditions.
2.2
LITERATURE CONCERNING THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
OF LAMINATED COMPOSITES
Many researchers have given their contributions in this field which have been
discussed as follows:
Akbarov et al. (2010) studied the forced vibration on an initially statically
stressed rectangular orthotropic plate. Plate was simply supported on all sides. They
were studied the effect of presence of rectangular hole at edges on dynamic analysis of
laminated plates was present. They used three dimensional finite element methods for
dynamic analysis.
Ahmed et al. (2013) studied the dynamic analysis of Graphite /Epoxy
composite plates. The dynamic analysis had been done by using ANSYS 12.0 package.
The composite laminated plates were modelled by using the element SHELL99. The
boundary conditions considered in dynamic study were simply supported and clamped
boundary conditions. They concluded that the natural frequency for composite
laminated plate in clamped boundary condition was more than in simply supported
boundary condition.
Houmat (2013) studied geometrically nonlinear free vibration of laminated
composite rectangular plates with curvilinear fibers. They used finite element method
to solve the nonlinear free vibration of laminated composite rectangular plates. They
found that the fundamental linear and nonlinear frequencies and associated mode
shapes for fully clamped laminated composite square plates composed of shifted
6
curvilinear fibers. They concluded that fiber orientation angles and stacking sequence
of plies lead to changes in the fundamental mode shapes and this method can also be
applied to laminates with other shapes and other boundary conditions.
Ratnaparkhi and Sarnobat (2013) studied the free vibration of woven fiber
Glass/Epoxy composite plates in free-free boundary conditions. The specimens of
woven glass fiber and epoxy matrix composite plates were manufactured by the handlayup technique and elastic parameters of the plate were determined experimentally by
tensile test of specimens. An experimental investigation was carried out using modal
analysis technique, to obtain the natural frequencies. Also, this experiment was used to
validate the results obtained from the FEA using ANSYS. The effects of different
parameters including aspect ratio and fiber orientation of woven fiber composite plates
were studied in free-free boundary conditions. To model the composite plate, linear
layer shell 99 element was used. They concluded that for free-free boundary condition,
the natural frequency of plate increases with the increase of aspect ratio and natural
frequency decreases as the ply orientation increases.
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 GENERAL
Composites are being increasingly used in aerospace, marine and civil
infrastructure owing to the many advantages they offer: high strength/stiffness for lower
weight, superior fatigue response characteristics, facility to vary fiber orientation,
material and stacking pattern, resistance to electrochemical corrosion, and other
superior material properties. To avoid the resonant behaviour of the laminated
structures, the results of the free vibration analysis for the laminated composite
structures in the structural design are very important. . Also, the composite structures
whether used in civil, marine or aerospace are subjected to dynamic loads during their
operation. Therefore, there exists a need for calculating the natural frequency.
3.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

In the present study, a four layered (0/90/90/0) symmetrical laminated
composite plate with equal thickness of layers, simply supported on the opposite sides
and clamped on the other two opposite sides has been dynamically analysed.
The material properties of graphite/epoxy composite material Ahmed et al. [1] are given
below.
E1= 175 GPa, E2 = E3 =7 GPa, G12 = G13 = 3.5 GPa, G23 = 1.4 GPa, 12 = 13 = 0.25,
23 = 0.01,
Density () = 1550 kg/m3,
Thickness of four layered laminated composite plate (h) = 0.008 m
Fig. 3(a) The plan of laminated plate (clamped and simply supported on opposite sides)
In the present work, the main objectives of this study are the following and following
studies have been carried out:
(i)
The effect of plate side- to- thickness ratios (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and
1000 has been studied on natural frequency () of laminated plate for
modulus ratios (E1/E2) = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 for 1st mode, 2nd mode, 3rd mode,
4th mode and 5th mode respectively taking plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3
in steps of 1.
(ii)
The effect of change in the layer thickness (t)of only one layer at a time
has been studied on change in natural frequency () of laminated
composite plate for first mode and plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3 in steps
of 1.
(iii)
The effect of change in the fiber angles ()of only one layer at a time has
been studied on change in natural frequency () of laminated composite
plate for first mode and plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The natural frequencies () are presented in non-dimensional frequencies () form

using the equation given below
= (
) ( / )
Where , b, h, 2 were the density, width, thickness and youngs modulus in transverse
direction of the laminated composite plate respectively.
In the present work, the following case have been studied.
3.3 Four layered (0/90/90/0) Simply Supported and Clamped on two

opposite sides.
3.3.1 The effect of plate side- to- thickness ratios (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000
on non-dimensional frequencies () of laminated plate for modulus ratios (E1/E2)
= 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 for 1st mode, 2nd mode, 3rd mode, 4th mode and 5th mode
respectively taking plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1to 3 in steps of 1.
3.3.1.1 Variation of non-dimensional frequency () versus plate side-to-thickness
ratio (b/h) for first mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The variation of non-dimensionalized natural frequency versus plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 having modulus ratios (E1/ E2) = 2,
4, 6, 8 and 10 for first mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1 is shown graphically in Figs.
3.1 to 3.3.
The values of non-dimensional frequencies () with respect to plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 1.69, 1.706, 1.709,1.7098 and
1.7099 for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 2.162, 2.186, 2.193, 2.194 and 2.195 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are
2.537, 2.577, 2.588, 2.5911 and 2.5915 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 2.855, 2.914, 2.930, 2.934
and 2.935 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 3.134, 3.214, 3.235, 3.241 and 3.242 for E1/ E2 = 10
respectively as given in Table 3.1 for b/a = 1.
The values of natural frequency () with respect to plate side-to-thickness ratio
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 5.770, 5.911, 5.948, 5.959 and 5.960 for E1/ E2
= 2 ; are 7.618, 7.949, 8.038, 8.064 and 8.068 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are 8.971, 9.524, 9.679,
9.724 and 9.730 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 10.0465, 10.841, 11.071, 11.1382 and 11.148 for
10
E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 10.935, 11.986, 12.299, 12.391 and 12.404 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively
as given in Table 3.2 for b/a = 2.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 12.222, 12.864, 13.042, 13.166 and 13.173 for
E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 15.885, 17.341, 17.772, 17.899 and 17.917 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are 18.355,
20.699, 21.438, 21.659 and 21.691 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 20.188, 23.434, 24.518, 24.850
and 24.899 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 21.618, 25.756, 27.2158, 27.669 and 27.736 for E1/ E2
= 10 respectively as given in Table 3.3 for b/a = 3.
It is observed that (i) the natural frequency increases slightly as b/h increases
from 50 to 100 (ii) there is negligible variation in the natural frequency for b/h >100
(iii) the natural frequency increases with the increase of the modulus ratios (E1/ E2). (iv)
the natural frequency increases as b/a increases.
ratio (b/h) for second mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The variation of non-dimensionalized natural frequency versus plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 for different modulus ratios (E1/ E2)
= 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 is shown graphically in Figs. 4.4 to 4.6.
The values of natural frequency () with respect to plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 2.869,2.888,2.893,2.894,2.8948
for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 3.2772,3.3088,3.3169,3.3192,3.3196
for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are
3.6360,3.6829,3.6950,3.6985
and
3.6989
for
E1 /
E2
are
3.9571,4.0212,4.0380,4.0427
and
4.0434
for
E1 /
E2
are
4.290,4.3321,4.3538,4.3601and 4.3611 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively [Refer Table 3.4]

for b/a = 1.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 6.6153,6.7813,6.8250,6.8374and 6.8393 for E1/
E2 = 2 ; are 8.2954,8.6504,8.7473,8.7751and 8.7791 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are
9.5731,10.1487,10.3111,10.3580
10.6053,11.4223,11.6591,11.7282
and
and
10.3647
11.7384
11
for
for
E1 /
E2
are
E1/
E2
are
11.4723,12.5391,12.8593,12.8595 and 12.9671 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively [Refer

Table 3.5] for b/a = 2.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 12.9263,13.6195,13.8124,14.1686 and 14.1767
for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 16.4047,17.9118,18.3602,18.4912and 18.5104 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are
18.7926,21.1839,21.9409,22.1672and
22.2007
for
E1/
E2
are
20.5786,24.8818,24.9721,25.3096and 28.1637 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are21.9818

,26.1576,27.6359,28.096 and 28.1637 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively [Refer Table 3.6] for
b/a = 3.
ratio (b/h) for third mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The values of natural frequency () with respect to plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 4.1862, 4.2444, 4.2594 4.2636and
4.2644 for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 5.497105,5.6320,5.6675,5.6775and 5.5.6791 for E1/ E2 = 4 ;
are 6.1246, 6.1989, 6.2183, 6.2237 and 6.2245 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 6.5624, 6.6563,
6.6807, 6.6877and 6.6887 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 6.9685, 7.0832, 7.1135, 7.1221and 7.1223
for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively as noted from Table 3.7 for b/a = 1.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 8.3738, 8.5815, 8.6369, 8.6526 and 8.6549 for
E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 9.8789, 10.2703, 10.3778, 10.4088 and 10.4129 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are
11.0892, 11.6925, 11.8635, 11.9136and 11.92028 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 112.1009,
12.9329, 13.1767, 13.2482 and 13.2585 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 12.9668, 14.0404, 14.3638,
14.4594 and 14.4773 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively as noted from Table 3.8 for b/a = 2.
12

(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 14.3257, 15.0982, 15.3154, 16.0664 and 16.0736
for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 17.5406, 19.1176, 19.59044, 19.72878 and 19.7493 for E1/ E2 = 4 ;
are 19.8181, 22.2651, 25.0462, 23.2805 and 23.3142 for E1/ E2 = 6 ;are 22.1794,
25.8325, 26.0066, 26.3514 and 26.4019 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 22.9333, 27.1307, 28.6267,
29.09485 and 29.1635 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively as noted from Table 3.9 for b/a = 3.
ratio (b/h) for fourth mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The values of natural frequency () with respect to plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 5.1337, 5.1750, 5.1858, 5.1887
and 5.1893 for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 5.6488, 5.7054, 5.7202, 5.7242 and 5.7250 for E1/ E2 =
4 ; are 6.4983, 6.7264, 6.7872, 6.8046 and 68069 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 7.3210, 7.6532,
7.7437, 7.7696 and 7.7733 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 8.0230, 8.4682, 8.5914, 8.6270 and
8.6319 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively as given in Table 3.10 for b/a = 1.75
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 11.1993, 11.4790, 11.5544, 11.5758 and 11.5792
are 13.8881, 14.5445, 14.7318, 14.7860 and 14.7940 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 14.9582,
15.8289, 16.0849, 16.1609 and 16.1715 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 15.9021, 16.9963, 17.3287,
17.4267 and 17.4409 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively as given in Table 3.11 for b/a = 2.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 16.6259, 17.5086, 17.7586, 19.0257 and 19.0374
are 21.7663, 24.2678, 25.0730, 25.3171 and 25.3523 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 23.4810,
13
26.8291, 27.9732, 28.3240 and 28.3756 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 24.8776, 29.0581, 30.5646,
31.0363 and 31.1060 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively as given in Table 3.12 for b/a = 3.

ratio (b/h) for fifth mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The values of natural frequency () with respect to plate side-tothickness ratio (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 5.2748, 5.3512, 5.3711, 5.3767
and 5.3777 for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 6.4059, 6.5592, 6.5994, 6.6109 and 6.6112 for E1/ E2 =
4 ; are 7.3209, 7.5662, 7.6319, 7.65077 and 7.6535 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 8.094, 8.4430,
8.5380, 8.5652 and 8.5691 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 8.7676, 9.2264, 9.3540, 9.3909 and
9.3961 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively [Refer Table 3.13] for b/a = 1.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 15.0076, 15.4803, 15.5895, 15.6217 and 15.6260
are 18.04605, 18.8318, 19.0558, 19.1217 and 19.1311 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 19.2845,
20.2849, 20.5782, 20.6642 and 20.6768 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are20.3998, 21.6232, 21.9921,
22.1004 and 22.1164 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively[Refer Table 3.14] for b/a = 2.
(b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 are 19.9414, 20.9821, 21.2814, 21.1318 and 23.1463
for E1/ E2 = 2 ; are 22.7319, 24.5162, 25.0625, 25.2240 and 25.2477 for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are
24.9021, 27.4819, 28.3210, 28.5753 and 28.6120 for E1/ E2 = 6 ; are 26.6658, 30.0459,
31.2106, 31.5700 and 31.6225 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are 28.1425, 32.31029, 33.8232, 34.2992
and 34.3698 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively[Refer Table 3.15] for b/a = 3.
14
3.3.2 The effect of change in the layer thickness (t) of only one layer at a time on
change in natural frequency () of laminated composite plate for first mode and
b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The change in the natural frequency of laminated composite plate has been
studied by changing the thickness of only one layer at a time from 0.002 m to 0.0002
m in steps of 0.0002 m.
The variation of change in natural frequency versus change in the thickness of
only one layer at a time has been presented in Figs. 3.16 to 3.18 for first mode and b/a
= 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The values of change in natural frequency are 0.97, 2.025, 3.177, 4.458, 5.91,
7.593, 9.601, 12.091 and 15.371 for change in thickness of only first or fourth layer;
are 0.69, 1.388, 2.094, 2.808, 3.53, 4.261, 5.001, 5.75 and 6.51 for change in thickness
of only second or third layer from 0.002 to 0.0002 in steps of 0.0002 as given in Table
3.16 for first mode and b/a = 1.
are 2.42, 4.89, 7.39, 9.94, 12.53, 15.17, 17.86, 20.6 and 23.39 for change in thickness
of only second or third layer from 0.002 to 0.0002 in steps of 0.0002 as given in Table
3.17 for first mode and b/a = 2.
are 4.98, 10.06, 15.24, 20.53, 25.93, 31.46, 37.1, 42.87 and 48.76 for change in
thickness of only second or third layer from 0.002 to 0.0002 in steps of 0.0002 as given
in Table 3.18 for first mode and b/a = 3.
15
It is observed that (i) the change in natural frequency increases parabolicaly for first or
fourth layer; the change in natural frequency increases linearly for second or third layer
as change in thickness of only one layer at a time increases. (ii) the change in natural
frequency increases as b/a increases.
3.3.3 The effect of change in the fiber angles () of only one layer at a time on
plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The change in the natural frequency of laminated composite plate has
been studied by changing the fiber angles of only one layer at a time from 0 to 50 for
first or fourth layer and 90 to 140 for second or third layer in steps of 5.
The variation of change in natural frequency versus change in the fiber angles
of only one layer at a time has been shown graphically in Figs. 3.19 to 3.21 for first
mode and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
The values of change in natural frequency are0, 0.209, 0.779, 1.598, 2.617,
3.825, 5.177, 6.647, 8.114, 9.374 and 10.626 for change in fiber angles of only first or
fourth layer; are 0, 0.003, 0.01, 0.023, 0.042, 0.068, 0.099, 0.134, 0.172, 0.213 and
0.256 for change in fiber angles of only second or third layer from 0 to 50 and 90 to
140 respectively in steps of 5 as noted from Table 3.19 for first mode and b/a = 1.
The values of change in natural frequency are 0, 1.76, 6.13, 11.61, 17.82, 24.89
and 32.518for change in fiber angles of only first or fourth layer; are 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.2,
0.32, 0.45, 0.61, 0.77, 0.96 and 1.16for change in fiber angles of only second or third
layer from 0 to 50 and 90 to 140 respectively in steps of 5 as noted from Table 3.20
for first mode and b/a = 2.
The values of change in natural frequency are 0, 5.63, 18.44, 32.3, 46.52, 62.66,
80.3, 99.41, 116.17, 125.85 and 135.9 for change in fiber angles of only first or fourth
layer; are 0, 0.03, 0.13, 0.32, 0.59, 0.93, 1.3, 1.7, 2.1, 2.52 and 2.96 for change in fiber
angles of only second or third layer from 0 to 50 and 90 to 140 respectively in steps
of 5 as noted from Table 3.21 for first mode and b/a = 3.
16
It is observed that (i) the rate of change in natural frequency for change in fiber
angles of only first or fourth layer is greater than the rate of change in natural frequency
for change in fiber angles of only second or third layer of the laminated composite plate
(ii) the change in natural frequency of the laminated composite plate increases as b/a
increases.
17
3.3 Four layered (0/90/90/0) Simply Supported on

the opposite sides and Clamped on the other two
Nondimensional Natural frequency ()
opposite sides.
3.5
3
E1/E2=2
2.5
E1/E2=4
2
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
1.5
E1/E2=10
1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Plate Side- tothickness ratio(b/h)
Fig. 3.1 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS
PLATE SIDE TO THICKNESS RATIO (b/h) FOR 1ST MODE AND b/a = 1
9
8
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
6
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
4
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

18
30
25
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
20
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
15
E1/E2=10
10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Side to thickness ratio(b/h)
9
8
7
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
3
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

PLATE SIDE TO THICKNESS RATIO (b/h) FOR 2ND MODE AND b/a = 1
19
14
13
12
11
E1/E2=2
10
E1/E2=4
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
6
5
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Plate side- to- thickness ratio (b/h)

30
25
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
20
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
15
E1/E2=10
10
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

20
9
8
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
6
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

PLATE SIDE TO THICKNESS RATIO (b/h) FOR 3RD MODE AND b/a = 1
15
14
13
12
E1/E2=2
11
E1/E2=4
10
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
8
7
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

21
30
27
24
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
21
E1/E2=6
18
E1/E2=8
15
E1/E2=10
12
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

9
8
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
4
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

PLATE SIDE TO THICKNESS RATIO (b/h) FOR 4TH MODE AND b/a = 1
22
18
16
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
14
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
12
E1/E2=10
10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

33
30
27
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
24
E1/E2=6
21
E1/E2=8
18
E1/E2=10
15
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

23
10
9
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
E1/E2=6
E1/E2=8
E1/E2=10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

24
22
20
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
18
E1/E2=6
16
E1/E2=8
14
E1/E2=10
12
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

24
36
33
30
E1/E2=2
E1/E2=4
27
E1/E2=6
24
E1/E2=8
21
E1/E2=10
18
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

1st or 4th layer
2nd or 3rd layer
CHANGE OF FREQUENCY ()
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
CHANGE OF THE LAYER THICKNESS t (m)
Fig. 3.16 CHANGE OF NATURAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS CHANGE IN

THE LAYER THICKNESS (t) FOR 1ST MODE AND b/a=1
25
1st or 4th layer
2nd or 3rd layer
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002

1st or 4th layer
2nd or 3rd layer
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002

26
1st or 4th layer
2nd or 3rd layer
CHANGE OF FREQUENCY()
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CHANGE OF FIBER ANGLES ()
Fig. 3.19 CHANGE OF NATURAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS CHANGE OF

FIBER ANGLES () IN DIFFERENT LAYERS FOR 1ST MODE AND b/a=1
1st or 4th layer
2nd or 3rd layer
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60

27
1st or 4th layer
2nd or 3rd layer
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60

28
3.3 Four layered (0/90/90/0) simply supported on

the opposite sides and clamped on opposite sides.
TABLE 3.1 NON-DIMENSIONAL NATURAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS
( E1/E2 = 2 )
b/h
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
1.695341
2.162609
2.537176
2.855558
3.134978
100
1.706258
2.186833
2.577776
2.914774
3.214842
200
1.709081
2.193045
2.588166
2.930284
3.23581
500
1.709834
2.194795
2.591197
2.934613
3.241796
2.19504
2.591592
2.935215
3.242661
1000 1.709947

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
5.770219
7.618587
8.971829
10.0465
10.93586
100
5.911388
7.949109
9.524927
10.84175
11.98653
200
5.948506
8.038704
9.679573
11.07168
12.29951
500
5.959103
8.064303
9.724634
11.1382
12.39178
1000
5.960703
8.068067
9.730845
11.14818
12.40477
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
12.22238
15.88523
18.35568
20.18805
21.61856
100
12.86479
17.34153
20.69908
23.43436
25.75668
200
13.04217
17.77294
21.43805
24.51891
27.2158
500
13.16632
17.89924
21.65903
24.85038
27.66999
1000
13.17348
17.91712
21.6914
24.89913
27.7368
b/h
29

PLATE SIDE TO THICKNESS RATIO (b/h) FOR 2ND MODE and b/a = 1
( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
2.869769
3.277276
3.636032
3.957144
4.249081
100
2.888535
3.308879
3.682919
4.021234
4.332182
200
2.893391
3.316973
3.695078
4.038099
4.353865
500
2.894709
3.31925
3.698523
4.042786
4.360133
1000
2.894897
3.319608
3.698994
4.043445
4.361168
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
6.615348
8.295443
9.573113
10.60553
11.4723
100
6.781363
8.650435
10.1487
11.42223
12.53991
200
6.825031
8.747333
10.3111
11.6591
12.85937
500
6.837454
8.775134
10.35801
11.72829
12.95363
1000
6.839336
8.779181
10.36479
11.73845
12.96718
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
12.92634
16.40473
18.79236
20.57862
21.98183
100
13.61957
17.91185
21.18395
24.88181
26.1576
200
13.81224
18.3602
21.94099
24.97216
27.63592
500
14.16862
18.4912
22.16723
25.30965
28.09631
1000
14.17671
18.5104
22.20074
25.35877
28.1637
b/h
30

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
4.186213
5.497105
6.124646
6.562457
6.968552
100
4.244469
5.632062
6.198995
6.656381
7.083275
200
4.259452
5.667524
6.218345
6.680775
7.113542
500
4.263668
5.677518
6.223747
6.687721
7.122144
1000
4.264421
5.679118
6.224594
6.688756
7.123179
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
8.373839
9.878978
11.08926
12.10097
12.96869
100
8.581545
10.2703
11.69252
12.93293
14.04044
200
8.636958
10.37781
11.86358
13.17679
14.36381
500
8.652694
10.40883
11.91369
13.2482
14.45943
1000
8.654952
10.41297
11.92028
13.25855
14.47336
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
14.32579
17.54067
19.81819
22.17947
22.93331
100
15.09826
19.11762
22.26511
25.83235
27.13072
200
15.31547
19.59044
23.04624
26.00664
28.62673
500
16.06404
19.72878
23.28058
26.35147
29.09485
1000
16.07364
19.7493
23.31428
26.40191
29.16355
b/h
31

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
5.133737
5.648814
6.498367
7.321003
8.023082
100
5.175052
5.70547
6.726401
7.65322
8.468233
200
5.185819
5.720227
6.787235
7.743718
8.591483
500
5.188793
5.724292
6.804608
7.769637
8.627001
1000
5.189357
5.725045
6.806961
7.773307
8.631989
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
11.19937
12.65341
13.88817
14.95822
15.90217
100
11.47908
13.10948
14.54451
15.82895
16.99632
200
11.55444
13.23567
14.73183
16.08494
17.32873
500
11.57582
13.27173
14.786
16.16098
17.42679
1000
11.57921
13.27738
14.79409
16.17152
17.44091
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
16.6259
19.58008
21.76631
23.48104
24.87767
100
17.50867
21.2423
24.26782
26.82919
29.05814
200
17.75939
21.74523
25.07305
27.97322
30.56469
500
19.02576
21.89431
25.31718
28.32407
31.03639
1000
19.03743
21.91614
25.35237
28.37564
31.10603
b/h
32

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
5.274812
6.405948
7.320909
8.094795
8.767605
100
5.351231
6.559257
7.56626
8.443011
9.226403
200
5.371183
6.599462
7.631988
8.538027
9.354019
500
5.376735
6.610925
7.650773
8.565263
9.390911
1000
5.377582
6.612713
7.653596
8.569122
9.396181
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
15.00716
16.65319
18.04605
19.28457
20.3998
100
15.48036
17.23763
18.83189
20.28499
21.62326
200
15.58953
17.3995
19.05588
20.57824
21.99218
500
15.62172
17.44656
19.12176
20.66426
22.10041
1000
15.62605
17.45371
19.13117
20.67687
22.11641
b/h

( E1/E2 = 2 )
( E1/E2 = 4 )
( E1/E2 = 6 )
( E1/E2 = 8 )
( E1/E2 = 10 )
50
19.94148
22.73191
24.90214
26.66581
28.14525
100
20.98217
24.51628
27.48195
30.04595
32.31029
200
21.28145
25.06251
28.32105
31.21068
33.82324
500
23.13189
25.224
28.57535
31.57
34.29926
1000
23.14638
25.24772
28.61205
31.62252
34.36985
b/h
33
TABLE 3.16 CHANGE OF NATURAL FREQUENCY () DUE TO CHANGE

.IN THE LAYER THICKNESS (t) FOR 1ST MODE AND b/a = 1
Change of the
layer thickness
t (m)
0
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.0012
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 1stor
4th layer
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 2nd
or 3rd layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 1stor
4th layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 2nd
or 3rd layer
32.876
31.903
30.851
29.699
28.418
26.966
25.283
23.275
20.785
17.505
32.876
32.186
31.488
30.782
30.068
29.346
28.615
27.875
27.126
26.366
0
0.973
2.025
3.177
4.458
5.91
7.593
9.601
12.091
15.371
0
0.69
1.388
2.094
2.808
3.53
4.261
5.001
5.75
6.51

IN THE LAYER THICKNESS (t) FOR 1ST MODE AND b/a = 2
Change of the
layer thickness
t (m)
0
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.0012
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 1stor
4th layer
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 2nd
or 3rd layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 1stor
4th layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 2nd
or 3rd layer
126.09
122.3
118.16
113.58
108.43
102.51
95.552
87.105
76.378
61.7
126.09
123.67
121.2
118.7
116.15
113.56
110.92
108.23
105.49
102.7
0
3.79
7.93
12.51
17.66
23.58
30.538
38.985
49.712
64.39
0
2.42
4.89
7.39
9.94
12.53
15.17
17.86
20.6
23.39
34

IN THE LAYER THICKNESS (t) FOR 1ST MODE AND b/a = 3
Change of the
layer thickness
t (m)
0
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.0012
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 1stor
4th layer
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 2nd
or 3rd layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 1stor
4th layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
thickness of 2nd
or 3rd layer
275.75
267.81
259.1
249.43
238.48
225.85
210.88
192.57
169.07
136.49
275.75
270.77
265.69
260.51
255.22
249.82
244.29
238.65
232.88
226.99
0
7.94
16.65
26.32
37.27
49.9
64.87
83.18
106.68
139.26
0
4.98
10.06
15.24
20.53
25.93
31.46
37.1
42.87
48.76

IN THE FIBER ANGLES () IN DIFFERENT LAYERS FOR 1ST MODE
AND b/a=1
Change of fiber
angles ()
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
1stor 4th layer
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
2nd or 3rd layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
1stor 4th layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
2nd or 3rd layer
32.876
32.667
32.097
31.278
30.259
29.051
27.699
26.229
24.762
23.502
22.25
32.876
32.879
32.886
32.899
32.918
32.944
32.975
33.01
33.048
33.089
33.132
0
0.209
0.779
1.598
2.617
3.825
5.177
6.647
8.114
9.374
10.626
0
0.003
0.01
0.023
0.042
0.068
0.099
0.134
0.172
0.213
0.256
35

AND b/a=2
Change of fiber
angles ()
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
1stor 4th layer
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
2nd or 3rd layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
1stor 4th layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
2nd or 3rd layer
126.09
124.33
119.96
114.48
108.27
101.2
93.572
85.502
78.079
72.76
67.556
126.09
126.1
126.13
126.2
126.29
126.41
126.54
126.7
126.86
127.05
127.25
0
1.76
6.13
11.61
17.82
24.89
32.518
40.588
48.011
53.33
58.534
0
0.01
0.04
0.11
0.2
0.32
0.45
0.61
0.77
0.96
1.16

AND b/a=3
Change of fiber
angles ()
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
1stor 4th layer
Natural
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
2nd or 3rd layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
1stor 4th layer
Change of
frequency ()
due to change in
fiber angles of
2nd or 3rd layer
275.75
270.12
257.31
243.45
229.23
213.09
195.45
176.34
159.58
149.9
139.85
275.75
275.78
275.88
276.07
276.34
276.68
277.05
277.45
277.85
278.27
278.71
0
5.63
18.44
32.3
46.52
62.66
80.3
99.41
116.17
125.85
135.9
0
0.03
0.13
0.32
0.59
0.93
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.52
2.96
36
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSIONS AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDIES
4.1 GENERAL
In the present study, a four layered (0/90/90/0) symmetrical laminated composite
plate with equal thickness of layer, simply supported on the opposite sides and clamped
on the other two opposite sides have been dynamically analyzed by using 8-noded
element (Shell 281) having six degree of freedom at each node through software Ansys.
The following studies have been carried out:
(i) The effect of plate side- to- thickness ratios (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 has
been studied on natural frequency () of laminated plate for modulus ratios (E1/E2) =
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 for 1st mode, 2nd mode, 3rd mode, 4th mode and 5th mode respectively
taking plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1to 3 in steps of 1.
(ii) The effect of change in the layer thickness (t)of only one layer at a time has been
studied on change in natural frequency () of laminated composite plate for first mode
andplate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
(iii) The effect of change in the fiber angles ()of only one layer at a time has been
studied on change in natural frequency () of laminated composite plate for first mode
andplate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
Results of the present studies bring out the following conclusions:
4.2 CONCLUSIONS:
4. 2. 1 Four layered (0/90/90/0) laminate, simply supported and clamped on two
opposite sides
4.2.1.1 The effect of plate side- to- thickness ratios (b/h) = 50, 100, 200, 500 and
1000 on natural frequency () of laminated plate for modulus ratios (E1/E2) = 2,
4, 6, 8 and 10 for 1st mode, 2nd mode, 3rd mode, 4th mode and 5th mode respectively
taking plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1to 3 in steps of 1.
(i) The natural frequency increases slightly as b/h increases from 50 to 100.
(ii) There is negligible variation in the natural frequency for b/h >100.
(iii) The natural frequency increases with the increase of the modulus ratios (E1/ E2).
(iv) The natural frequency increases as b/a increases.
37
4.2.1.2 The effect of change in the layer thickness (t)of only one layer at a time
on change in natural frequency () of laminated composite plate for first mode
and b/a = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
(i) The change in natural frequency increases parabolicaly for first or fourth layer; the
change in natural frequency increases linearly for second or third layer as change in
thickness of only one layer at a time increases.
(ii) The change in natural frequency increases as b/a increases.
4.2.1.3 The effect of change in the fiber angles ()of only one layer at a time on
plate aspect ratios (b/a) = 1 to 3 in steps of 1.
(i) The rate of change in natural frequency for change in fiber angles of only first or
fourth layer is greater than the rate of change in natural frequency for change in fiber
angles of only second or third layer of the laminated composite plate.
(ii) The change in natural frequency of the laminated composite plate increases as b/a
increases.
4.3 SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDIES

The suggestions for the extension of present work are as follows:
1.
The Buckling analysis of laminated plates can be included.
2.
The present investigation can be extended to dynamic analysis of laminated

plates and shells subjected to hydrothermal condition.
3.
Material and geometry nonlinearity may be taken into account in the

formulation for further extension of the dynamic analysis of plates.
4.
The laminates with arbitrary boundary conditions can be analysed.
5.
The analysis can be carried out for cyclic loading, impact loading, static loading
and sinusoidal loading.
6.
The analysis may be carried out for shells with arbitrary geometry and arbitrary
boundary conditions.
7.
Dynamic analysis of the laminates with holes of various shapes be carried out.
8.
Dynamic analysis of the anti-symmetric laminates can be carried out.
38
REFERENCES
1.
Ahmed J.K., Agarwal V.C., Pal P and Srivastav V., Static and Dynamic
Analysis of Composite Laminated Plate International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 56- 60, Nov
2013.
2.
Akbarov S D., Yahnioglu N and Yesil U.B., Forced vibration of an initially

stressed thick rectangular plate made of an orthotropic material with a
cylindrical hole Mechanics of Composite Materials, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 287298, May 2010.
3.
Houmat A., Nonlinear free vibration of laminated composite rectangular plates

with curvilinear fibers Composite Structures, Vol. 106, pp. 211- 224, Jun 2013.
4.
Ratnaparkhi U.S and Sarnobat S.S., Vibration Analysis of Composite Plate

International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol. 3, No. 1,
pp. 377- 380, Jan 2013.
39

Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Plates Using Ansys

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Plates Using Ansys

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 1

1.2 LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

Fig 1.1 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF COMPOSITE PLATE

Fig 1.2 SYMMETRIC LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

Fig 1.3 ANTI SYMMETRIC LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

1.3 NEED FOR PRESENT STUDY

1.4 ANSYS AND ITS APPLICATION

Fig. 1.4 SHELL281 Geometry

LITERATURE CONCERNING THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

3.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The natural frequencies () are presented in non-dimensional frequencies () form

3.3 Four layered (0/90/90/0) Simply Supported and Clamped on two

for E1/ E2 = 4 ; are

4.290,4.3321,4.3538,4.3601and 4.3611 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively [Refer Table 3.4]

11.4723,12.5391,12.8593,12.8595 and 12.9671 for E1/ E2 = 10 respectively [Refer

20.5786,24.8818,24.9721,25.3096and 28.1637 for E1/ E2 = 8 ; are21.9818

The values of natural frequency () with respect to plate side-to-thickness ratio

3.3.1.5 Variation of non-dimensional frequency () versus plate side-to-thickness

3.3 Four layered (0/90/90/0) Simply Supported on

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.1 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.2 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Side to thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.3 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.4 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate side- to- thickness ratio (b/h)

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Fig. 3.5 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Side to thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.6 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Fig. 3.7 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.8 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Side to thickness ratio(b/h)

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Fig. 3.9 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.10 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Fig. 3.11 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Side to thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.12 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Plate Side- to- thickness ratio(b/h)

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Fig. 3.13 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Side to thickness ratio(b/h)

Fig. 3.14 VARIATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY () VERSUS

Nondimensional Natural frequency ()

Side to thickness ratio(b/h)