Handover

Handover Feature Parameter Description
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co.,
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Handover
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience ........................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1-1
2 Overview .....................................................................................................................................2-1
3 Technical Description ..............................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Measurement Report Processing.................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Handover Preprocessing............................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I ..................................................................... 3-5
3.3.1 Quick Handover .................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3.2 TA Handover ......................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.3 BQ Handover ........................................................................................................................ 3-8
3.3.4 Rapid Level Drop Handover ................................................................................................. 3-9
3.3.5 Interference Handover .......................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.6 Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report ........................................................ 3-10
3.3.7 Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover ...........................................................................3-11
3.3.8 Load Handover ................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.3.9 Edge Handover................................................................................................................... 3-16
3.3.10 Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover .................................................................................... 3-17
3.3.11 Inter-Layer Handover ........................................................................................................ 3-19
3.3.12 PBGT Handover ............................................................................................................... 3-20
3.3.13 AMR Handover ................................................................................................................. 3-21
3.3.14 SDCCH Handover ............................................................................................................ 3-22
3.3.15 Other Handovers .............................................................................................................. 3-23
3.4 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II .................................................................. 3-23
3.4.1 Quick Handover .................................................................................................................. 3-25
3.4.2 TA Handover ....................................................................................................................... 3-26
3.4.3 BQ Handover ...................................................................................................................... 3-27
3.4.4 Interference Handover ........................................................................................................ 3-28
3.4.5 Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report ........................................................ 3-29
3.4.6 Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover .......................................................................... 3-30
3.4.7 Load Handover ................................................................................................................... 3-32
3.4.8 Edge Handover................................................................................................................... 3-32
3.4.9 Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover ...................................................................................... 3-33
3.4.10 Better Cell Handover ........................................................................................................ 3-35
3.4.11 Handover Between a Full-Rate TCH and a Half-Rate TCH ............................................. 3-37
3.4.12 SDCCH Handover ............................................................................................................ 3-38
3.4.13 Other Handovers .............................................................................................................. 3-39
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Contents
4 Parameters .................................................................................................................................4-1
5 Counters ......................................................................................................................................5-1
6 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................6-1
7 Reference Documents .............................................................................................................7-1
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document describes the overall procedure of Huawei handover algorithms and the specific
handover decisions.
1.2 Intended Audience

It is assumed that users of this document are familiar with GSM basics and have a working knowledge of
GSM telecommunication.
This document is intended for:
z
Personnel working on Huawei GSM products or systems
System operators who need a general understanding of this feature
1.3 Change History

The change history provides information on the changes in different document versions.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
z
Feature change
Feature change refers to the change in the Handover feature of a specific product version.
Editorial change
Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was not
described in the earlier version.
Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
z
05 (2010-11-30)
04 (2010-08-06)
03 (2010-01-20)
02 (2009-09-30)
01 (2009-06-30)
05 (2010-11-30)
This is the fifth commercial release of GBSS9.0.
Compared with issue 04 (2010-08-06) of GBSS9.0, issue 05 (2010-11-30) of GBSS9.0 incorporates the
changes described in the following table.
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1 Introduction
Change Type Change Description

Feature
change
Parameter Change
A description of AMR Handover The parameters added are as

is optimized.
follows:
A description of Edge Handover z Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover
is optimized.
Allowed
Editorial
change
A description of Inter-Layer
Handover is optimized.
Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover

Offset
A description of PBGT
Neighboring Cell Penalty Switch
Penalty Stop Level Threshold
A description of Better Cell

Penalty Timer Length
None.
None.
Level Penalty Value on Neighboring

Cell
04 (2010-08-06)
This is the fourth commercial release of GBSS9.0.
Feature
change
Parameter Change
A description of 16-bit queuing The parameters changed are as

follows:
is added in 3.2 Handover
Preprocessing.
Cell Priority
A description of negative
Co-BSC/MSC Adj
handover is added in section
K Bias
3.4.10 Better Cell Handover.
RSCP Offset
Editorial
change
None.
Ec/No Offset
None.
03 (2010-01-20)
This is the third commercial release of GBSS9.0.
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1 Introduction

Feature
change
Parameter Change
A description of 3.3.14 SDCCH The parameter changed is as follows:

Handover (Huawei handover
Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
algorithm I) and 3.4.12 SDCCH
algorithm II) is added.
The value range of Inter-cell
HO Hysteresis in 3.3.9 Edge
algorithm I), 3.4.8 Edge
algorithm II), 3.3.3 BQ Handover
(Huawei handover algorithm I),
3.4.3 BQ Handover (Huawei
handover algorithm II), and
3.4.5 Handover Due to No
Downlink Measurement Report
(Huawei handover algorithm II)
is changed.
Editorial
change
The triggering conditions of

better cell handover in 3.4.10
Better Cell Handover are
changed.
None.
02 (2009-09-30)
This is the second commercial release of GBSS9.0.
Compared with issue 01 (2009-06-30) of GBSS9.0, the following changes are incorporated:
Feature
change
Parameter Change
In 3.3.9 Edge Handover

The parameters are changed as
(handover algorithm I) and 3.4.8 follows:
Edge Handover (handover
Handover algorithm I Edge HO
algorithm II), the parameters
Watch Time
Edge HO Watch 0.5s Time,
Edge HO Valid 0.5s Time, Edge Handover algorithm II Edge HO
HO AdjCell Watch 0.5s Time, Watch Time
and Edge HO AdjCell Valid 0.5s Handover algorithm I Edge HO Valid
Time
Time are changed.
Handover algorithm II Edge HO Valid
Time
Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time
Edge HO AdjCell Valid Time
Editorial
change
The structure of the document is None.

optimized.
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1 Introduction
01 (2009-06-30)
This is the first commercial release of GBSS9.0.
Feature
change
Editorial
change
1-4
Parameter Change
The description of handover

The parameters added are as
follows:
direction forecast during the
target cell selection is added in z Handover Direction Forecast
3.3.1 Quick Handover.
Enable
None.
Chain Neighbour Cell Type
Handover Direction Forecast

Statistic Times
Handover Direction Forecast Last

Times
None.

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2 Overview
2 Overview
The GSM network comprises multiple cells with continuous coverage. The handover technique is
introduced into the GSM system to enable the users who are in motion to continue with the current call
without interruption, thus optimizing the network performance.
During a handover, the MS and BTS in service measure the conditions of uplink and downlink radio links
respectively, record the measurement results into measurement reports (MRs), and then send the MRs
to the BSC. The BSC determines whether to trigger a handover based on the MRs and the actual
conditions of the radio network.
Huawei handover algorithms (handover algorithm I and handover algorithm II) involve measurement and
MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision, and handover execution.
Huawei handover algorithms apply to the handovers on TCHs as well as the handovers on SDCCHs.
You can determine the handover algorithm used in a cell through Current HO Control Algorithm.
Figure 2-1 shows the procedure for performing Huawei handover algorithms (including handover
algorithm I and handover algorithm II).
Figure 2-1 Procedure for performing Huawei handover algorithms
Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I

Figure 2-2 shows the procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm I.
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Figure 2-2 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm I
In handover algorithm I, five types of handover decisions are defined:

z
Quick handover (including quick Power BudGet Handover (PBGT) handover and frequency offset
handover). Good and stable services can be provided when the voice quality deteriorates during the
fast movement of an MS. Quick handover is mainly applicable in the railway scenario.
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2 Overview
Emergency handover. Emergency handover can ensure the call continuity when the radio condition
severely deteriorates. Theoretically, the emergency handover has a bigger deviation than other
handovers in terms of the selection of the target cell. In a normal cell, frequent emergency handovers
should be avoided.
Enhanced dual-band network handover. In an enhanced dual-band network, the resources in the
overlaid DCS1800 cell and underlaid GSM900 cell can be shared during the assignment and
handover procedures. That is, the calls in the high-traffic GSM900 cell can be handed over to the
low-traffic DCS1800 cell to balance traffic.
Load handover. Load handover enables the system load to be balanced among multiple cells so that
the system performance can be ensured.
Normal handover. Normal handover ensures good services when an MS is moving.
Figure 2-3 shows the handovers provided in Figure 2-2 and their priorities in handover algorithm I.
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2 Overview
Figure 2-3 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm I
Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II

Figure 2-4 shows the procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm II.
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Figure 2-4 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm II
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In handover algorithm II, three types of handover decisions are defined, as shown in Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-5 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm II
Handover Execution
BTS power lift for handover function determines whether the BTS of the serving cell transmits signals at
the maximum power during a handover. The BSC maximizes the transmit power of the BTS before
sending a handover command to the MS. The BSC does not adjust the BTS power during the handover
to ensure the success of the handover.
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3 Technical Description
3.1 Measurement Report Processing
Measurement report processing involves measurement report interpolation and filtering.
NE Selection for Measurement Report Processing

The processing can be performed either on the BSC side or on the BTS side.
z
If MR.Preprocessing is set to No, then the processing is performed on the BSC side.
If MR.Preprocessing is set to Yes, then the processing is performed on the BTS side. By setting the
parameters Transfer Original MR, Transfer BTS/MS Power Class, and Sent Freq.of preprocessed
MR, you can specify the contents of the MRs to be provided and the period during which the MRs are
provided. This decreases the signaling traffic on the Abis interface and the traffic volume processed by
the BSC.
Data Selection for Measurement Report

The MR can be classified into enhanced MR and normal MR. The parameter Measurement Report
Type determines the type to be used.
In the MR, the TCH measurement of the serving cell is classified into FULL SET and SUB SET.
Measurement Report Interpolation

The neighboring cell indexes are found on the basis of the BCCH frequencies and BSICs provided by
the MS. Then, the uplink and downlink measurement results are obtained from the measurement
reports.
z
If measurement reports are issued continuously, they are directly added to the measurement report
list.
If measurement reports are not issued continuously and the number of lost measurement reports is
smaller than the value of Allowed MR Number Lost, the system performs operations as follows:
For
the serving cell, the handover algorithm I performs the linear interpolation for the MRs. The
lowest values are applied to the interpolation of MRs by the handover algorithm II according to the
protocols; that is, level 0 (-110 dBm) and quality 7 are applied in the interpolation.
For
the neighboring cell, the lowest value is applied to the lost level value according to the protocols;
that is, level 0 (-110 dBm) is applied in the interpolation.
If no MR is reported because the RX level in the neighboring cell is too low, level 0 (-110 dBm) is applied in the
interpolation.
z
If measurement reports are not issued continuously and the number of lost measurement reports is
greater than the value of Allowed MR Number Lost, the previous measurement reports are discarded.
When new measurement reports are issued, calculation is done again.
Measurement Report Filtering

Filtering is performed on measurement reports obtained continuously from the measurement report list.
Averaging is performed on uplink/downlink RX level, uplink/downlink RX quality, Timing Advance(TA),
Radio Quality Indication(RQI), BTS power, 2G neighboring cell level, and the Common PIlot
CHannel(CPICH ), Received Signal Code Power(RSCP), and Ec/No of neighboring 3G cell. The
averaging minimizes the effect on the result of handover decision due to sudden changes in the
measurement values.
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Power control compensation needs to be performed for the downlink RX level of the serving cell by the
handover algorithm II. If you compare the RX level of the serving cell after the power control with that of
all BCCH TRXs of the neighboring cell, there is no mapping between them. In situations where the cells
overlap severely, the handover is easily triggered, thus causing the ping-pong handover. After the power
control compensation is performed, the RX level of the serving cell can reflect the coverage condition of
the BCCH TRX of the serving cell. The power control compensation of the serving cell is performed after
the interpolation processing and before the filtering processing. In general, the compensation of power
control is calculated by adding the downlink RX level of the serving cell and twice the current downlink
transmit Power Level of the BTS.
The number of consecutive measurement reports required for filtering are determined by the
measurement object and channel type. See Table 3-1 for details.
Table 3-1 Parameters related to the number of measurement reports
Measurement
Object
Channel TypeParameter
Receive level of the SDCCH

serving cell
TCH
Filter Length for SDCCH Level

Filter Length for TCH Level
Quality of the
serving cell
SDCCH
Filter Length for SDCCH Qual.
TCH
Filter Length for TCH Qual
TA of the serving
cell
TCH
Filter Length for TA
SDCCH
TA filter length for SDCCH level
Receive level of the BCCH

neighboring cell
SDCCH
Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV

NCell filter length for SDCCH level
Power of the BTS in TCH

the serving cell
Filter Length for TCH Level
RQI
TCH
If consecutive measurement reports are insufficient, the filtering fails. The handover decision is not
performed.
3.2 Handover Preprocessing

Handover Penalty
According to the neighboring cell information in the measurement report and the parameters, the system
performs handover preprocessing and adjusts the priorities of the neighboring cells.
The handover penalty is performed after successful fast-moving micro cell handover, TA handover, BQ
handover, fast-moving micro cell handover, OL subcell to UL subcell handover within an enhanced
concentric cell, and after the handover failures.
In handover algorithm II, in addition to the situations mentioned above, the handover penalty is also
performed after successful or failed load handover and interference handover.
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In handover decision procedure of handover algorithm II, the handover penalty is performed after the network
characteristics adjustment and before the emergency handover decision.
z
After the quick handover, TA handover, Bad Quality (BQ) handover, or load handover (in handover
algorithm II) is successfully performed, the penalty level is subtracted from the actual RX level of the
original cell during the penalty period. Table 3-2 lists the parameters related to handover penalty.
Table 3-2 Parameters related to handover penalty

Handover
Parameter
Quick handover
Quick Handover Punish Time

Quick Handover Punish Value
TA Handover
Penalty Level after TA HO

Penalty Time after TA HO
BQ Handover
Penalty Level after BQ HO

Penalty Time after BQ HO
Load handover
(handover
algorithm II)
Penalty Time on Load HO

Penalty Value on Load HO
After the fast-moving micro cell handover is successfully performed, penalty is performed on all the
neighboring cells of the micro cell. Related parameters are Penalty on Fast Moving HO and Penalty
Time on Fast Moving HO.
If an MS fails to initiate an intra-cell AMR TCHF to TCHH handover, it cannot initiate another intra-cell
AMR TCHF to TCHH handover within Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fail.
In handover algorithm II, after the interference handover is initiated, this handover is not allowed to be
initiated again within Penalty Time on Interfere HO regardless of whether the handover is successful
or not.
After the OL subcell to UL subcell handover within an enhanced concentric cell is successful, the
handover from UL subcell to OL subcell is not allowed within Penalty Time of UtoO HO.
After the OL cell to UL cell handover in the enhanced dual-band network is successful, the handover
from UL cell to OL cell is not allowed within Inter UL/OL Subcells HO Penalty Time.
After the handover fails, different penalties are performed on the target cell based on the causes:
If
the handover to a neighboring 2G or 3G cell fails, the actual RX level of the target cell is subtracted
by Penalty Level after HO Fail for neighboring cell ranking during the penalty.
Based on the handover failure cause, the penalty time could be UmPenaltyTimer, RscPenaltyTimer, or
CfgPenaltyTimer.
If
the OL subcell to UL subcell handover within a concentric cell fails, the handover from OL subcell to
UL subcell is not allowed within Penalty Time after OtoU HO Fail.
If
the UL subcell to OL subcell handover within a concentric cell fails, the handover from UL subcell to
OL subcell is not allowed within Penalty Time after UtoO HO Fail.
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Basic Ranking
Basic ranking is performed after handover penalty to generate a candidate cell list in descending order
taking the following information into account: RX levels of the serving cell and neighboring cells carried in
the MRs, hysteresis, usage of TCHs in the neighboring cells, and so on.
z
In the case of non-directed retry, if an MS in an external BSC cell occupies an SDCCH and Inter-BSC
SDCCH HO ALLowed is set to No, then this cell should be removed from the candidate cell list. In
other words, the handover to this external BSC cell is prohibited.
If a neighboring 2G cell and the serving cell are controlled by the same BSC and the TCH usage of the
neighboring cell is 100%, then the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate cell list; that
is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
If the downlink RX level of a neighboring 2G cell is lower than the sum of Min DL Level on Candidate
Cell and Min Access Level Offset, then the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate
cell list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
If the uplink RX level of a neighboring 2G cell is lower than the sum of Min UL Level on Candidate
Cell and Min Access Level Offset, then the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate
cell list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
If a neighboring 3G cell is an FDD cell, the cell is processed according to FDD REP QUANT:
If
FDD REP QUANT is set to Ec/N0, and the Ec/N0 of a neighboring cell is lower than Min Ec/No
threshold, the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate cell list; that is, the handover
to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
If
FDD REP QUANT is set to RSCP, and the RSCP of a neighboring cell is lower than Min RSCP
threshold, the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate cell list; that is, the handover
to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
If a neighboring 3G cell is a TDD cell and the RSCP after penalty is lower than the Min RSCP
threshold, the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate cell list; that is, the handover to
this neighboring cell is prohibited.
Calculate the difference between the downlink RX level of the neighboring cells and the downlink RX
level of the serving cell. Based on the difference, rank the neighboring cells in descending order.
Network Characteristics Adjustment

Network characteristics adjustment is a process in which the position of each cell in the candidate cell list
is determined based on the related network information. Network characteristics adjustment provides the
final candidate cell list for handover decision.
After the network characteristics adjustment, the final candidate cell list (including neighboring cells and
serving cell) is generated. The candidate cells are ranked in descending order by priority. Then, the
handover decision procedure starts.
In handover algorithm II, the emergency handover decision is made after the network characteristics
adjustment.
After the emergency handover decision, Penalty Value on Load HO is subtracted from the level of the
original cell within Penalty Time on Load HO if the load handover is successful. The level of the target
cell changes after the penalty of load handover; then, the network characteristics needs to be
readjusted.
In handover algorithm I, all related factors are adjusted in network characteristics adjustment phase; in
handover algorithm II, some of the factors are adjusted before the emergency handover decision
procedure is initiated.
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Forced Handover
If the forced handover is triggered, the subsequent handover decisions are not performed.
The purpose of the forced handover is as follows:
z
If no TCH is available in the serving cell during the MS access process, the directed retry procedure is
performed when Directed Retry is set to Yes.
When BTS maintenance is performed, the MSs under control of the related BTS should be handed
over to the cells controlled by a functional BTS to ensure that no call drop occurs during BTS
maintenance.
The forced handover is classified into these four types:

z
Outgoing cell handover (direct retry)
Outgoing BTS handover
Outgoing BSC handover
Specified target cell list handover
3.3 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I

According to the emergency condition of an MS in the network, the handover decision based on
handover algorithm I is made in the following order: quick handover, emergency handover, enhanced
dual-band network handover, load handover, and normal handover.
Handover decision based on handover algorithm I involves the following procedures:
z
Determining whether the serving cell meets the triggering conditions
Selecting corresponding candidate cells
In handover algorithm I, Inter-rat HO Preference specifies whether a neighboring 2G cell or a

neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
z
When Inter-rat HO Preference is set to Preference for 2G Cell:

A neighboring 2G cell is preferred. If the candidate cell list contains suitable neighboring 3G cells but
no suitable neighboring 2G cells, a neighboring 3G cell is selected.


If the RX level of a candidate 2G cell is lower than or equal to HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell,
a neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
If the triggering conditions of emergency handover are met and there is at least one candidate cell, then
the emergency handover timer Min Interval for Emerg. HO is started. Another emergency handover
decision can be performed only when Min Interval for Emerg. HO times out.
3.3.1 Quick Handover

Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to
ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario where an MS
moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad.
Quick Handover Types

Quick handover consists of frequency offset handover and quick PBGT handover.
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z
Frequency offset handover

Whether the MS is moving away from the serving cell is determined based on the frequency offset
information provided by an MS moving at a high speed. Frequency offset handover decision is made
according to the uplink/downlink RX level of the serving cell and the path loss of neighboring cells.
Quick PBGT handover

Quick PBGT handover decision is made according to the path loss of neighboring cells.
For quick handover, the handover response speed is enhanced by:

z
Accurately calculating the moving speed of the MS
Derestricting the interval between handover decisions
Reducing the number of measurement reports for the handover decision
Introducing the filtering
Quick Handover Preparation

The preparation for quick handover involves the following aspects:
z
Frequency offset is decoded from the measurement report.

Frequency offset of the MS is obtained from the uplink measurement report that the BTS sends to the
BSC.
filtering is performed on the measurement report.
Triggering Conditions
During handover decision, it is first determined whether the triggering conditions of frequency offset
handover are met. When the BTS cannot send the frequency offset information or the reported
frequency offset information is invalid, quick PBGT handover is triggered, provided that other conditions
of frequency offset handover are met.
If Quick Handover Enable is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of quick handover are as follows:
z
The MS is moving away from the serving cell (the frequency offset in the measurement result is a
negative value) and the moving speed of the MS is greater than Quick Move Speed Threshold.
The filtered uplink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Up Trigger Level.
The compensated downlink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Down Trigger
Level.
The path loss of configured chain neighboring cells is lower than the specified threshold of the path
loss of the serving cell. In other words, PBGT(n) is greater than or equal to 0.
The triggering conditions of quick handover are as follows:

z
If the last three conditions are met simultaneously, the decision is made as follows:
If
the first condition is met, a frequency offset handover is performed.
If
the first condition is not met, a quick PBGT handover is performed.
If all the last three conditions are not met, quick handover is not triggered.
Target Cell Selection

The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell. The target cell can be obtained
through the setting of Chain Neighbor Cell. If Handover Direction Forecast Enable is set to Yes, a
neighboring cell in the moving direction of the MS is selected preferentially.
To forecast the moving direction of the MS, the direction of a chain neighboring cell (A or B) compared
with the serving cell is specified by Chain Neighbour Cell Type. If the number of times that the MS is
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handed over to neighboring cells in the same direction (B for example) is greater than or equal to
Handover Direction Forecast Last Times when the handover time reaches Handover Direction
Forecast Statistic Times, then the MS is inferred to be moving towards the B direction. Subsequently,
the MS is preferentially handed over to the neighboring cell whose Chain Neighbour Cell Type is B.
Limitations
The limitations on quick handover are as follows:
z
The serving cell cannot be selected as the target cell.
The candidate cells for quick handover must be chain neighboring cells of the serving cell. Each cell
can be configured with a maximum of three chain neighboring cells.
After a quick handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell during the penalty
time to prevent an immediate handover back to the original cell. The penalty time and penalty value
are specified by Quick Handover Punish Time and Quick Handover Punish Value respectively.
3.3.2 TA Handover
TA handover is a type of emergency handover. The TA handover decision is made according to the TA
value reported by the MS.
The TA value of a normal cell ranges from 0 to 63 and that of an extended cell ranges from 0 to 229. The
TA can be stepped up or down in steps of 553.5 m. The TA value of 63 corresponds to a distance of 35
km.
TA handover is triggered when the following conditions are met:
z
TA HO Allowed is set to Yes.
Filtered TA value in the measurement report provided by the MS is greater than or equal to TA
Threshold.
The TA handover can be triggered only when the preceding two conditions are met simultaneously.
From the perspective of the triggering conditions of TA handover, TA can be regarded as a limitation to the size of a cell.

The target cell should have the highest priority in the candidate cell list after handover preprocessing. In
addition, the target cell should meet the following conditions:
z
If TA Threshold of a co-site neighboring cell is lower than or equal to the TA Threshold of the serving
cell, a handover to the neighboring cell is prohibited.
If the triggering conditions of TA handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable, the
following operations are performed:
z
If a neighboring 3G cell is available, if Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable is set to Yes, and if the
MS supports the 2G/3G inter-RAT handover, the 2G/3G inter-RAT handover is performed.
If no neighboring 3G cell is available, if Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable is set to No, or if the
MS does not support the 2G/3G inter-RAT handover, the decision on whether to initiate another type of
emergency handover is made.
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Limitations
After the TA handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty Time
after TA HO, Penalty Level after TA HO is subtracted from the level of the original cell to prevent an
immediate handover back to the original cell.
3.3.3 BQ Handover
BQ handover is a type of emergency handover in which the system makes the decision based on the
uplink/downlink RX quality on the Um interface.
The RX quality is measured in bit error rate (BER). The BSC measures the quality of a radio link based
on the quality class in the measurement report. The probable cause of an increase in BER is that the
signal power is too low or the channel interference increases.
If BQ HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of BQ handover are as follows:
z
The uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the uplink RX quality threshold of the serving cell.
The downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the downlink RX quality threshold of the serving
cell.
The BQ handover is triggered when either of the preceding conditions is met.

The parameters for specifying the uplink and downlink RX quality thresholds are as follows:
z
For non-AMR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL Qual.
Threshold and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is DL Qual. Threshold.
For AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL Qual. Limit for
AMR FR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is DL Qual. Limit for
AMR FR.
For AMR HR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL Qual. Limit for
AMR HR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is DL Qual. Limit for
AMR HR.

z
If the target cell is a neighboring cell, the RX level of the target cell must meet the following condition:
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell > Filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell + (Inter-cell
HO Hysteresis of the serving cell configured for the neighboring cell - 64) - (BQ HO Margin - 64)
In handover algorithm I, if there is only one cell in the candidate cell list and the cell is a neighboring cell, then the
preceding condition need not be met.
z
In handover algorithm I, if there is no neighboring cell, Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes, and the
serving cell is not in the intra-cell handover penalty state, then the MS is handed over to the serving
cell. A channel with different frequency band, different frequency, different TRX, or different timeslot is
preferred (priority: different frequency band > different frequency > different TRX > different timeslot).
If the triggering conditions of BQ handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable, the
z
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Limitations
After the BQ handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty Time
after BQ HO, Penalty Level after BQ HO is subtracted from the level of the original cell to prevent an
3.3.4 Rapid Level Drop Handover

Rapid level drop handover is a type of emergency handover.
In edge handover and PBGT handover, the mean value filtering and P/N decision methods are not
responsive to short-period rapid level drop. Therefore, to solve the rapid level drop problem, the finite
impact response filtering can be performed on the original RX level. This filtering method is responsive to
the rapid level drop based on the drop slope of the original RX level.
If Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of rapid level drop handover are
as follows:
z
Filtered uplink level < Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
A1 x C(nt) + A2 x C(nt - t) + A3 x C(nt - 2t) + + A8 x C(nt - 7t) < B

Here, A1 indicates Filter Parameter A1, A2 indicates Filter Parameter A2, A3 indicates Filter
Parameter A3, A4 indicates Filter Parameter A4, A5 indicates Filter Parameter A5, A6 indicates
Filter Parameter A6, A7 indicates Filter Parameter A7, and A8 indicates Filter Parameter A8.
B indicates Filter Parameter B.

z
The target cell has a higher priority than the serving cell.
If the triggering conditions of rapid level drop handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not
suitable, the following operations are performed:
z
3.3.5 Interference Handover

In handover algorithm I, interference handover is a type of emergency handover.
Interference handover helps protect the interfered calls and reduce the network interference. It is
applicable to scenarios with interference.
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In handover algorithm I, the difference between interference handover and BQ handover is that in BQ
handover the bad quality resulting from both coverage and interference is checked. In interference
handover, the bad quality resulting from coverage is not checked.
If Interference HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of interference handover are as
follows:
z
The filtered value of uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX quality threshold at
the current uplink RX level.
The filtered value of downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX quality threshold
at the current downlink RX level.
The interference handover is triggered if either of the previous conditions is met.

z
For non-AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the RX quality threshold is Interfere HO Qual.
Thresh n for Non-AMR FR, where 1 n 12.
For AMR FR calls, the parameters for specifying the RX quality threshold are Interfere HO Qual.
Thresh n for Non-AMR FR (1 n 12) and Interfere HO Qual. Thresh Offset for AMR FR.
If
n = 1, the RX quality threshold is Interfere HO Qual. Thresh 1 for Non-AMR FR.
If
2 n 12, the RX quality threshold is Interfere HO Qual. Thresh n for Non-AMR FR + Interfere
HO Qual. Thresh Offset for AMR FR.

In handover algorithm I, the target cell should have the highest priority in the candidate cell list. In
z
If Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes and the intra-cell handover penalty timer expires, the serving cell
can be selected as the target cell.
When a number of consecutive intra-cell handovers occur, Forbidden time after MAX Times is triggered and the
intra-cell handover is prohibited in the corresponding period.
z
If the filtered level of a neighboring cell after handover penalty Inter-layer HO Threshold of the
neighboring cell + Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO Hysteresis - 64, this neighboring cell can serve as
the target cell.
If the triggering conditions of interference handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,
the following operations need to be performed:
z
3.3.6 Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report

Handover due to no downlink measurement report is performed on the basis of the uplink quality. The
purpose is to ensure the call continuity and minimize the possibility of call drops.
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Handover due to no downlink measurement report is generally caused by adverse radio environment on
the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm cannot be met, so other handover
decisions cannot be performed.
In handover algorithm I, the triggering conditions of handover due to no downlink measurement report
are as follows:
z
No Dl Mr.HO Allowed is set to Yes.
There is no downlink information in the measurement report of the call.
The filtered value of uplink quality is greater than or equal to No Dl Mr.Ul Qual HO Limit.
The number of lost downlink MRs is smaller than Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Limit.
For TCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater than Filter Length for TCH
Qual; for SDCCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater than Filter Length for
SDCCH Qual..
When all the previous conditions are met, the handover due to no downlink measurement report is
triggered.

In handover algorithm I, the conditions for selecting the target cell are as follows:
z
The ranked neighboring cells recorded in the last complete measurement report are saved as
candidate cells.
Preferably a neighboring cell is selected as the target cell.
If no neighboring cell is available, the serving cell is selected as the target cell.
3.3.7 Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover

Enhanced dual-band network handover is performed based on the traffic volume of the overlaid and
underlaid cells and based on the receive level.
Enhanced dual-band network handover is classified into the following types:
z
Handover due to high load in the underlaid cell
Handover due to low load in the underlaid cell
Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to High Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
The two cells are in the enhanced dual-band network and Load HO
The MS supports the frequency band on which the overlaid cell operates.
The handover due to high load in the underlaid cell is performed only on TCHs.
The load in the underlaid cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell General Overload Threshold.
The load in the overlaid cell is lower than Inner Cell Serious OverLoad Thred.
The system traffic volume is lower than or equal to Subcell HO Allowed Flow Control Level.
The current call is within the handover margin and the receive level is greater than or equal to
Incoming OL Subcell HO Level TH.
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Allowed is set to Yes.
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When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell is
triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell in the cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell Serious Overload
Threshold, then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO
Periods subtracted by MOD Step LEN of UL Load HO Period. The step length for handover margin
adjustment is specified by Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO.
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to Low Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
The load in the underlaid cell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold.
Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH.
When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell is
triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold for a specified
period, then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of OL Subcell Load Diversity HO Period. The
step length for handover margin adjustment is specified by Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO.
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to MS Movement to the Border of the

Overlaid Cell
The triggering conditions of the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell are as
follows:
z
SS(s) < Thdouter
SS(u) - SS(n) < ATCB_THRD - ATCB_HYST

Here,
SS(s):
specifies the filtering compensated downlink RX level in the serving cell.
Thdouter:
specifies Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH.
SS(u):
specifies the downlink level (power compensation is performed on the downlink level based on
the measurement) of the underlaid cell where the call is originated. If the SS(u) value cannot be
obtained, you can infer that the decision of enhanced dual-band network handover is not performed
and the decision condition is met by default.
SS(n):
The best neighboring cell is the one whose measured BCCH level is the highest among
neighboring cells. SS(n) is the signal level of the best neighboring cell that operates on the same
frequency band, locates at the same layer, and has the same priority as the underlaid cell but is not
co-sited with the underlaid cell. If such a neighboring cell is not available, the value of SS(n) is -110
dBm.
ATCB_THRD:
specifies Distance Between Boundaries of Subcells.
ATCB_HYST:
specifies Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries.
Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell is triggered if either of the preceding
conditions is met.
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In the adapter distance to cell border(ATCB) handover algorithm, the border between the overlaid and underlaid cells is
determined according to the signal strength of the serving cell and that of neighboring cells. If SS(s) = SS(n), the system
considers that the MS is located at the border of the underlaid cell. If SS(s) - SS(n) > ATCB_THRD, the system
considers that the MS is located in the coverage area of the overlaid cell. The coverage area of the overlaid cell is
determined according to different networking and coverage conditions of the existing network. In addition, the overlaid
cell of the serving cells and the overlaid cell of the neighboring cells will not overlap regardless of the distance between
BTSs.
The handover margin specifies the range of signal level. In the case of overlaid/underlaid load handover on the
enhanced dual-band network, the MSs whose downlink levels are within the handover margin are handed over level by
level.

The requirements for target cell selection in the enhanced dual-band network are as follows:
z
For the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the overlaid
cell.
For the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the underlaid
cell.
For the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell, the MS is handed over to the
neighboring cell that ranks first among neighboring cells. The MS should not be handed over to the cell
that ranks after the serving cell. Generally, the target cell is the underlaid cell. The target cell can also
be another neighboring cell.
Limitations
The limitations on the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
If the cell where the call is located is on an enhanced dual-band network, Cell Inner/Extra Property is
set to Extra(Extra).
The Load HO
The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Incoming OL Subcell HO Level TH. The
MS with the highest receive level is handed over first.
Allowed parameter should be set.
The limitations on the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
If the cell where the call is located is on the enhanced dual-band network, Cell Inner/Extra Property
is set to Inner(Inner).
The Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell parameter should be set.
The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH. The
MS with the lowest receive level is handed over first.
The limitations on the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell are as follows:
z
Impact of the Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover on the Existing

Algorithm
The impact of the enhanced dual-band network handover on the existing algorithm is as follows:
z
On the enhanced dual-band network, the MS should not be handed over to a cell in the same
underlaid/overlaid cell group when the load handovers between the overlaid cell and the underlaid cell
(specified by Load HO Allowed and Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell) are allowed. This is to
prevent a load handover of a normal cell from colliding with a load handover between the overlaid cell
and the underlaid cell on the network.
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z
The PBGT handover algorithm may cause inter-cell handover; thus, the MS should not be handed
over to the cell in the same group in the case of PBGT handover between cells on the enhanced
dual-band network.
3.3.8 Load Handover

In the network, some cells carry heavy load whereas the overlapping upper-layer cells and the
neighboring cells may carry light load. To balance the load of these cells, the load handover is required.
In a load handover procedure, some load in heavy-load cells is switched to light-load cells. Meanwhile,
the load in neighboring cells is not switched to heavy-load cells.
Load handover can be performed between cells at different layers. Figure 3-1 shows the details.
For details about the inter-RAT load handover, see the 2G/3G Interoperability Feature Parameter Description.
Figure 3-1 Load handover between cells
To perform load sharing, increase Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold so that the load at the border of a
cell is switched to a neighboring cell with light load.
Whether a cell carries heavy load or light load is determined by the traffic volume in the cell, that is
whether the traffic volume (generally TCH usage) in the cell exceeds the preset threshold.
z
If the traffic volume in a cell is greater than Load HO Threshold, you can infer that the load in this cell
is heavy. The load handover algorithm needs to be enabled.
If the traffic volume in a cell is lower than Load handover Load Accept Threshold, you can infer that
the load in this cell is light and the cell can receive load from the heavy-load cells.
Load handover may lead to many handovers. Therefore, the load of the system CPU should be
considered before load handover is performed. In other words, the system traffic volume should be taken
into account. In addition, to prevent too many MSs from being handed over at a time, load handover is
performed step by step. In other words, the edge handover threshold is increased on the basis of Load
HO Step Level (CLS_Ramp) and Load HO Step Period (CLS_Period). When the increase in the edge
handover threshold equals Load HO Bandwidth (CLS_Offset), the edge handover threshold is not
increased any more. See Figure 3-2 for details.
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Figure 3-2 Load handover
If Load Handover Support is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of load handover are as follows:
z
The CPU usage of the system is less than or equal to System Flux Threshold for Load HO.
The current load of the serving cell is greater than or equal to Load HO Threshold.

The conditions for selecting the target cell are as follows:
z
Filtered RX level after handover penalty Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis - 64
If the target cell and the serving cell are in the same BSC, a load handover is performed when the
current load of the target cell is lower than Load handover Load Accept Threshold.
If the target cell and the serving cell are not in the same BSC, a load handover is performed when the
load of the target cell is lower than Load handover Load Accept Threshold and Inter BSC Load
Information Allowed is set to Yes.
Examples
The system assigns MSs to different load handover margins based on the downlink RX level. The load
handover algorithm is used to hand over the MSs out of a cell step by step.
1.
The MSs in load handover margin 1 are handed over to the neighboring cells. Load handover
margin 1 specifies the area where the downlink level ranges from Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
to the sum of Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold and Load HO Step Level.
2.
After a Load HO Step Period elapses, the MSs in load handover margin 2 are handed over to the
neighboring cells. The load handover margin 2 specifies the area where the downlink level ranges
from Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold to the sum of Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold and (2 x
Load HO Step Level).
3.
The load handover stops when the traffic volume in the cell is less than or equal to Load HO
Threshold.
The load handover is performed step by step to prevent call drops caused by a sudden increase in CPU
load or the congestion in the target cell.
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3.3.9 Edge Handover

Edge handover is performed on the basis of receive level.
To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis value
(specified by Inter-cell HO Hysteresis - 64) greater than the receive level of the serving cell.
If Edge HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of edge handover are as follows:
z
Either of the following conditions is met.

The
filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold.
The
filtered uplink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold.
RX level of the neighboring cell > RX level of the serving cell + Inter-cell HO Hysteresis - 64
An edge handover is triggered when the P/N criterion is met, that is, when the previous conditions are
met for Handover Algorithm I Edge HO Valid Time within Handover Algorithm I Edge HO Watch
Time. The parameters used for P/N criterion judgment must be configured for the neighboring cells. In
different radio conditions, these parameters should be configured differently for the neighboring cells to
ensure that an optimal target cell is selected during handover.
When both Edge HO Allowed and Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover Allowed are set to YES(Yes),
z
The condition for triggering uplink edge handover is as follows:

SS_ULs_f<Tborder_ul+(Poffset_i-64).
The condition for triggering downlink edge handover is as follows:

SS_DLs_f<Tborder_dl+(Poffset_i-64).
Where, SS_ULs_f is the measured uplink TCH level of the neighboring cell after power control
compensation and filtering. SS_DLs_f is the measured downlink TCH level of the neighboring cell after
power control compensation and filtering. Tborder_ul is the Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold configured
for the serving cell. Tborder_dl is the Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold configured for the serving cell.
Poffset_i is the Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover Offset of the serving cell, which is set for neighboring
cell i.
After 16-bit ranking, the edge handover conditions should be checked against all neighboring cells that
are ranked in front of the serving cell. Uplink and downlink edge handovers are checked independently. If
the neighboring cells ranked in front of the serving cell meet the conditions for triggering uplink or
downlink edge handover, they can be selected as uplink or downlink edge handover candidates. The
final target cell for edge handover is the neighboring cell with the highest 16-bit ranking in the candidate
list. Note that both the serving cell and a neighboring cell for edge handover must meet their own P/N
criterion.
Figure 3-3 shows the edge handover.
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Figure 3-3 Edge handover

The target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In addition, it should meet the
following conditions:
z
After cells are ranked, the target cell must have a higher priority than the serving cell.
A cell becomes the target cell if the previous conditions are met for Edge HO AdjCell Valid Time within
Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time.
If the triggering conditions of edge handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable, the
z
handover is made.
3.3.10 Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover

Fast-moving micro cell handover is performed from a micro cell to a macro cell according to the relative
speed of an MS so that the number of handovers can be minimized.
Fast-moving micro cell handover applies to the following scenarios:
z
If an MS is moving fast in a micro cell, it is handed over to a macro cell.
To prevent an MS that is moving fast in a macro cell from entering a micro cell, time penalty is
performed on the micro cell so that the fast-moving MS camps on the macro cell.
Figure 3-4 shows the fast-moving micro cell handover.
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Figure 3-4 Fast-moving micro cell handover
If MS Fast Moving HO Allowed is set to Yes, the handover decision procedure of fast-moving micro cell
handover is as follows:
1.
When the triggering conditions of edge handover or PBGT handover are met, the fast-moving micro
cell handover decision is started.
2.
When the period during which the MS camps on the serving cell is shorter than MS Fast-moving
Time Threshold, the number of cells through which the fast-moving MS passes is incremented by
one.
The cell counted by the system must locate at a layer lower than layer 4. In other words, it must be a non-Umbrella cell.
3.
When the number of cells that the MS passes in fast movement reaches MS Fast-moving Watch
Cells, the fast-moving micro cell handover is triggered if the number of cells that the MS passes in
fast movement counted by the system is greater than or equal to MS Fast-moving Valid Cells.

In handover algorithm I, the target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In
z
The target cell must be at layer 4, that is, Umbrella cell.
Filtered RX level of the target cell Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis - 64
Limitations
After the fast-moving micro cell handover is successful, the penalty is performed on all the neighboring
micro cells. During Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO, Penalty on Fast Moving HO is subtracted from
the RX level of every neighboring micro cell.
Cell Layer and Cell Priority

With Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a proper traffic volume distribution can be realized among
multiple frequency bands.
Huawei multiband handover algorithm divides cells into four layers, with 16 priorities at each layer. The
Layer of the cell parameter specifies at which layer a cell is located. This algorithm is applicable to
complex networking scenarios. Figure 3-5 shows the cell layers.
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Figure 3-5 Cell layers
In Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a GSM network covering a certain area is divided into four
layers, which are:
z
Layer 4: Umbrella cell. The umbrella cells are generally GSM900 cells having the wide coverage
feature. It also implements fast MS connection.
Layer 3: Macro cell. The macro cells are generally GSM900 cells, which are commonly used in current
GSM system and serve majority of subscribers.
Layer 2: Micro cell. The micro cells are generally DCS1800 cells having the small coverage feature.
They enable capacity expansion.
Layer 1: Pico cell. The pico cells are generally DCS1800 cells, which are used in hot spots and blind
spots.
The cell at the lower layer has a higher priority.

Cell Priority controls handover between cells at the same layer. Each layer has 16 priorities, numbered
1-16 respectively. A high value indicates a low priority. If the cells at the same layer have different
priorities, a cell with a lower priority value has a higher priority. Cell Priority along with Layer of the cell
determines the priority of a cell. The priority affects the sequence of neighboring cells for handover.
3.3.11 Inter-Layer Handover

Inter-layer handover is a type of normal handover. It is used to enable the cells at low layers to absorb
traffic volume.
To balance the traffic volume flexibly and to meet the requirements of different network topologies, the
GSM network is divided into several layers. See 3.3.10 Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover for details.
If Level HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of inter-layer handover are as follows:
z
The layer at which the target cell is located has a higher priority than the layer at which the serving cell
is located.
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell Inter-layer
HO Hysteresis - 64
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z
The inter-layer handover is triggered when the P/N criterion is met, that is, the previous conditions are
met for Layer HO Valid Time within Layer HO Watch Time. The parameters used for P/N criterion
judgment must be configured for the neighboring cells. In different radio conditions, these parameters
should be configured differently for the neighboring cells to ensure that an optimal target cell is selected
during handover.
When the Neighboring Cell Penalty Switch is set to ON(ON), a timer is started when the inter-layer
handover conditions (including the conditions for making handover decisions and the P/N criterion) are
met, and no handover towards the neighboring cell is triggered this time. Within the Penalty Timer
Length, the neighboring cell level after filtering is punished. That is, within the penalty timer length, the
neighboring cell level used by the system is equal to the original filtered level minus Level Penalty Value
on Neighboring Cell. The Penalty Stop Level Threshold is used for stopping the penalty timer. The
penalty timer is stopped if the following formula is or the bad quality handover conditions are met (The
level conditions are checked after filtering. If the neighboring cell level after filtering is lower than the
Penalty Stop Level Threshold, the penalty timer for the neighboring cell is stopped. The bad quality
handover conditions are checked when making bad quality handover decisions. If the uplink or downlink
bad quality handover conditions are met, the penalty timers that are started for all the neighboring cells
of the serving cell are stopped.). The penalty timer can be started only once, and it cannot be restarted
when it expires or the conditions for stopping the penalty timer are met.
SS_DLs_f<Tlow_i
Where, SS_DLs_f is the filtered BCCH receive level of neighboring cell i. Tlow_i is the Penalty Stop Level
Threshold of the serving cell, which is set for neighboring cell i.
In handover algorithm I, the penalty on the neighboring cell level within the value of the penalty timer is
effective for all handovers, and any handover towards a punished neighboring cell is difficult within the
value of the penalty timer.

The requirements for target cell selection are as follows:
z
The triggering conditions are met.
The target cell has the highest priority in the candidate cell list.
3.3.12 PBGT Handover

PBGT handover is a type of normal handover.
If PBGT HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of PBGT handover are as follows:
z
The target cell and the serving cell are at the same layer and have the same priority.
The following condition is met for PBGT Valid Time within PBGT Watch Time:
(MIN (MS_TXPWR_MAX, P) RXLEV_DL PWR_DIFF) (MIN (MS_TXPWR_MAX (n), P)
RXLEV_NCELL (n) ) > PBGT_HO_MARGIN
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Here,
RXLEV_DL:
indicates the filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell.
MS_TXPWR_MAX:
MS_TXPWR_MAX
indicates the maximum allowed transmit power of an MS in the serving cell.

(n): indicates the maximum allowed transmit power of an MS in neighboring cell
n.
RxLev_NCELL
(n): indicates the downlink receive level in neighboring cell n.
PWR_DIFF:
indicates the difference between the maximum downlink transmit power in the serving
cell due to power control and the actual downlink transmit power in the serving cell.
P:
indicates the maximum transmit power of an MS.
PBGT_HO_MARGIN:
indicates PBGT HO Threshold minus 64.
The PBGT handover can be triggered only when all the previous conditions are met.
When the Neighboring Cell Penalty Switch is set to YES(Yes), a timer is started when the PBGT
Length, the neighboring cell level after filtering is punished. That is, within the penalty timer length, the
neighboring cell level used by the system is equal to the original filtered level minus Level Penalty Value
on Neighboring Cell. The Penalty Stop Level Threshold is used for stopping the penalty timer. The
penalty timer is stopped if the following formula is or the bad quality handover conditions are met (The
level conditions are checked after filtering. If the neighboring cell level after filtering is lower than the
Penalty Stop Level Threshold, the penalty timer for the neighboring cell is stopped. The bad quality
handover conditions are checked when making bad quality handover decisions. If the uplink or downlink
bad quality handover conditions are met, the penalty timers that are started for all the neighboring cells
of the serving cell are stopped.). The penalty timer can be started only once, and it cannot be restarted
when it expires or the conditions for stopping the penalty timer are met.
SS_DLs_f<Tlow_i
In handover algorithm I, the penalty on the neighboring cell level within the value of the penalty timer is
effective for all handovers, and any handover towards a punished neighboring cell is difficult within the
value of the penalty timer.

The target cell should meet the following conditions:
z
The target cell and the serving cell are at the same layer and have the same priority.
3.3.13 AMR Handover

The AMR handover in handover I algorithm consists of the AMR TCHF-TCHH handover and AMR
TCHH-TCHF handover algorithm. The AMR TCHF-TCHH handover is conducted based on cell load and
RQI, whereas the AMR TCHH-TCHF handover is conducted based on RQI.
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The conversion formula between RQI and C/I is RQI = 2 x C/I.
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH Handover

The triggering conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are as follows:
z
Intracell F-H HO Allowed is set to Yes.
The target call is an AMR call.
The half-rate function must be enabled in the cell where the call is initiated.
The full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 must be supported by the cell where the
call is initiated.
The type of channel specified by the MSC during a call can be changed during a handover.
For AMR FR calls, when the parameter AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to ON(On), TCHF-to-TCHH
handover is triggered only when the cell load is greater than the value of the parameter AMR TCH/H
Prior Cell Load Threshold and the proportion of AMR HR users is smaller than the value of the
parameter Ratio of AMR-HR.
For AMR FR calls, when the parameter AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to OFF(Off),
TCHF-to-TCHH handover is triggered only the proportion of AMR HR users is smaller than the value
of the parameter Ratio of AMR-HR.
The call occupies the full-rate TCH. The RQI is greater than F2H HO Threshold .
For an AMR FR call, the AMR TCHF-TCHH handover can be performed if the preceding conditions are
met for Intracell F-H HO Last Time within Intracell F-H HO Stat Time.
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHH-TCHF Handover

The triggering conditions of AMR TCHH-TCHF handover are as follows:
z
Intracell F-H HO Allowed is set to Yes.
The target call is an AMR call.
The half-rate function must be enabled in the cell where the call is initiated.
The full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 must be supported by the cell where the
call is initiated.
The type of channel specified by the MSC during a call can be changed during a handover.
The call occupies the half-rate TCH. The RQI is smaller than H2F HO Threshold.
For an AMR HR call, the AMR TCHH-TCHF handover can be performed if the preceding conditions are
met for Intracell F-H HO Last Time within Intracell F-H HO Stat Time.

The AMR handover is an intra-cell handover. Therefore, only the serving cell can be selected as the
target cell.
3.3.14 SDCCH Handover

SDCCH handover is a process in which the MS is handed over from an SDCCH to another SDCCH in an
immediate assignment. SDCCH handover helps improve the access success rate of the MSs on the
edge of the network, thus improving the network QoS.
The principle of SDCCH handover is the same as that of TCH handover. Regarding procedure, an
SDCCH handover involves measurement and MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision, and
handover execution.
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Whether an SDCCH handover can be performed is controlled by the SDCCH HO Allowed parameter. If
an inter-BSC SDCCH handover is required, both SDCCH HO Allowed and Inter-BSC SDCCH HO
ALLowed should be set to YES(Yes).
The handover decision algorithm for SDCCH handover is different from that for TCH handover in the
following ways:
z
The algorithms for the following handovers support SDCCH handover:

quick handover, TA handover, BQ handover, rapid level drop handover, interference handover,
handover due to no downlink measurement report, edge handover, and fast-moving micro cell
handover
The algorithms for the following handovers do not support SDCCH handover:
enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, inter-layer handover, PBGT handover, AMR
handover, better 3G cell handover, concentric cell handover, and tight BCCH handover
3.3.15 Other Handovers

Other handovers here refer to better 3G cell handover and tight BCCH handover.
Better 3G Cell Handover

See 2G/3G Interoperability Feature Parameter Description.
Tight BCCH Handover

See BCCH Dense Frequency Multiplexing Feature Parameter Description.
3.4 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II

Handover decision based on handover algorithm II is made in the following order: forced handover,
emergency handover, intra-cell handover, and inter-cell handover.
Handover decision based on handover algorithm II involves the following procedures:
z
Determining whether the serving cell meets the triggering conditions
Selecting corresponding candidate cell list for each handover type
Performing the comprehensive decision and determining the candidate neighboring cells
The procedure for performing comprehensive decision based on handover results and determining the
candidate neighboring cells is as follows:
1.
The BSC selects a handover type with the highest priority from all the handovers that can be
performed on each neighboring cell.
The handover priority is as follows:
Forced
handover, emergency handover, and interference handover have a high priority. Figure 3-6
shows the details.
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Figure 3-6 Handovers with high priority
Quick handover is classified into frequency offset handover and quick PBGT handover. Frequency offset handover has a
higher priority than quick PBGT handover.
Intra-cell
handover (excluding interference handover) and inter-cell handover have a normal priority.
Figure 3-7 shows the details.
AMR handover has the same priority as TCHF-TCHH handover.
Figure 3-7 Handovers with normal priority
2.
The BSC ranks the candidate cells according to the network characteristics adjustment algorithm
and then generates the final candidate cell list. Every neighboring cell in the candidate cell list has
its own handover decision. Neighboring 2G cells and neighboring 3G cells are ranked separately.
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3.
In handover algorithm II, Inter-rat HO Preference specifies whether a neighboring 2G or a

neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
When
Inter-rat HO Preference is set to Preference for 2G Cell:
When
Inter-rat HO Preference is set to Preference for 3G Cell:
When
Inter-rat HO Preference is set to Preference for 2G Cell By Threshold:
If the RX level of a candidate 2G cell is lower than or equal to HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell,
a neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
When a neighboring 3G cell is preferred among the candidate cells, the priority of 3G better cell handover is the lowest.
If the triggering conditions of emergency handover are met and there is at least one candidate cell, then
the emergency handover timer Min Interval for Emerg. HO is started. Another emergency handover
decision can be performed only when Min Interval for Emerg. HO times out.
3.4.1 Quick Handover

Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to
ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario where an MS
moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad.
Quick Handover Types

Quick handover consists of frequency offset handover and quick PBGT handover.
z
Frequency offset handover

Whether the MS is moving away from the serving cell is determined based on the frequency offset
information provided by an MS moving at a high speed. Frequency offset handover decision is made
according to the uplink/downlink RX level of the serving cell and the path loss of neighboring cells.
Quick PBGT handover

Quick PBGT handover decision is made according to the path loss of neighboring cells.
For quick handover, the handover response speed is enhanced by:

z
Accurately calculating the moving speed of the MS
Derestricting the interval between handover decisions
Reducing the number of measurement reports for the handover decision
Introducing the filtering
Quick Handover Preparation

The preparation for quick handover involves the following aspects:
z
Frequency offset is decoded from the measurement report.

Frequency offset of the MS is obtained from the uplink measurement report that the BTS sends to the
BSC.
filtering is performed on the measurement report.
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During handover decision, it is first determined whether the triggering conditions of frequency offset
handover are met. When the BTS cannot send the frequency offset information or the reported
frequency offset information is invalid, quick PBGT handover is triggered, provided that other conditions
of frequency offset handover are met.
If Quick Handover Enable is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of quick handover are as follows:
z
The MS is moving away from the serving cell (the frequency offset in the measurement result is a
negative value) and the moving speed of the MS is greater than Quick Move Speed Threshold.
The filtered uplink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Up Trigger Level.
The compensated downlink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Down Trigger
Level.
The path loss of configured chain neighboring cells is lower than the specified threshold of the path
loss of the serving cell. In other words, PBGT(n) is greater than or equal to 0.
The triggering conditions of quick handover are as follows:

z
If the last three conditions are met simultaneously, the decision is made as follows:
If
the first condition is met, a frequency offset handover is performed.
If
the first condition is not met, a quick PBGT handover is performed.
If all the last three conditions are not met, quick handover is not triggered.

The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell. The target cell can be obtained
through the setting of Chain Neighbor Cell. If Handover Direction Forecast Enable is set to Yes, a
neighboring cell in the moving direction of the MS is selected preferentially.
To forecast the moving direction of the MS, the direction of a chain neighboring cell (A or B) compared
with the serving cell is specified by Chain Neighbour Cell Type. If the number of times that the MS is
handed over to neighboring cells in the same direction (B for example) is greater than or equal to
Handover Direction Forecast Last Times when the handover time reaches Handover Direction
Forecast Statistic Times, then the MS is inferred to be moving towards the B direction. Subsequently,
the MS is preferentially handed over to the neighboring cell whose Chain Neighbour Cell Type is B.
Limitations
The limitations on quick handover are as follows:
z
The candidate cells for quick handover must be chain neighboring cells of the serving cell. Each cell
can be configured with a maximum of three chain neighboring cells.
After a quick handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell during the penalty
time to prevent an immediate handover back to the original cell. The penalty time and penalty value
are specified by Quick Handover Punish Time and Quick Handover Punish Value respectively.
3.4.2 TA Handover
TA handover is a type of emergency handover. The TA handover decision is made according to the TA
value reported by the MS.
The TA value of a normal cell ranges from 0 to 63 and that of an extended cell ranges from 0 to 229. The
TA can be stepped up or down in steps of 553.5 m. The TA value of 63 corresponds to a distance of 35
km.
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TA handover is triggered when the following conditions are met:
z
TA HO Allowed is set to Yes.
Filtered TA value in the measurement report provided by the MS is greater than or equal to TA
Threshold.
The TA handover can be triggered only when the preceding two conditions are met simultaneously.
From the perspective of the triggering conditions of TA handover, TA can be regarded as a limitation to the size of a cell.

addition, the target cell should meet the following limitations:
z
If TA Threshold of a co-site neighboring cell is lower than or equal to the TA Threshold of the serving
cell, a handover to the neighboring cell is prohibited.
In handover algorithm II, a cell becomes the target cell for TA handover if the previous conditions are
met for TA HO Valid Time within TA HO Watch Time.
If the triggering conditions of TA handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable, the
z
Limitations
After the TA handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty Time
after TA HO, Penalty Level after TA HO is subtracted from the level of the original cell to prevent an
3.4.3 BQ Handover
BQ handover is a type of emergency handover in which the system makes the decision based on the
uplink/downlink RX quality on the Um interface.
RX quality is represented by bit error rate (BER). The BSC measures the quality of a radio link based on
the quality class in the measurement report. The probable cause of an increase in BER is that the signal
power is too low or the channel interference increases.
If BQ HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of BQ handover are as follows:
z
The uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the uplink RX quality threshold of the serving cell.
The downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the downlink RX quality threshold of the serving
cell.
The BQ handover is triggered when either of the preceding conditions is met.

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z
For non-AMR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL Qual.
Threshold and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is DL Qual. Threshold.
For AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL Qual. Limit for
AMR FR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is DL Qual. Limit for
AMR FR.
For AMR HR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL Qual. Limit for
AMR HR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is DL Qual. Limit for
AMR HR.

z
In handover algorithm II, the serving cell cannot be selected as the target cell.
The RX level of target cell must meet the following conditions:

The
serving cell and the target cell work in the same frequency.
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell > Filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell +
(Inter-cell HO Hysteresis of the serving cell configured for the neighboring cell - 64) - (BQ HO
Margin - 64)
The
serving cell works in GSM900 and the target cell works in DCS1800.
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell Inter-layer HO Threshold + (Inter-layer HO

Hysteresis - 64).
The
serving cell works in DCS1800 and the target cell works in GSM900.
There is no constraint on the target cell in this condition.

z
In handover algorithm II, a cell becomes the target cell for BQ handover if the previous conditions are
met for BQ HO Valid Time within BQ HO Watch Time.
If the triggering conditions of BQ handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable, the
z
Limitations
After the BQ handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty Time
after BQ HO, Penalty Level after BQ HO is subtracted from the level of the original cell to prevent an
3.4.4 Interference Handover

Interference handover is a type of intra-cell handover in handover algorithm II.
Interference handover helps protect the interfered calls and reduce the network interference. It is
applicable to scenarios with interference.
In handover algorithm II, the BQ handover is a type of emergency handover and the interference
handover is a type of intra-cell handover.
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If Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes and Interference HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering
conditions of interference handover are as follows:
z
The filtered value of uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX quality threshold at
the current uplink RX level.
The filtered value of downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX quality threshold
at the current downlink RX level.
In handover algorithm II, the interference handover is triggered when the previous conditions are met for
Interfere HO Valid Time within Interfere HO Static Time.
z
For non-AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the RX quality threshold is Interfere HO Qual.
Thresh n for Non-AMR FR, where 1 n 12.
For AMR FR calls, the parameters for specifying the RX quality threshold are Interfere HO Qual.
Thresh n for Non-AMR FR (1 n 12) and Interfere HO Qual. Thresh Offset for AMR FR.
If
n = 1, the RX quality threshold is Interfere HO Qual. Thresh 1 for Non-AMR FR.
If
2 n 12, the RX quality threshold is Interfere HO Qual. Thresh n for Non-AMR FR + Interfere
HO Qual. Thresh Offset for AMR FR.

In handover algorithm II, only the serving cell can be selected as the target cell.
Limitations
In handover algorithm II, if an interference handover is initiated, it cannot be initiated again within
Penalty Time on Interfere HO regardless of whether the handover is successful.
3.4.5 Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report

Handover due to no downlink measurement report is performed on the basis of the uplink quality. The
purpose is to ensure the call continuity and minimize the possibility of call drops.
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is generally caused by adverse radio environment on
the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm cannot be met, so other handover
decisions cannot be performed.
In handover algorithm II, the triggering conditions of handover due to no downlink measurement report
are as follows:
z
No Dl Mr.HO Allowed is set to Yes.
There is no downlink information in the measurement report of the call.
The number of lost downlink MRs is smaller than Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Limit.
For TCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater than Filter Length for TCH
Qual; for SDCCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater than Filter Length for
SDCCH Qual..
The filtered value of uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to UL Qual. Threshold.
For AMR
FR calls, the corresponding parameter is UL Qual. Limit for AMR FR.
For AMR
HR calls, the corresponding parameter is UL Qual. Limit for AMR HR.
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When all the previous conditions are met, the handover due to no downlink measurement report is
triggered.

In handover algorithm II, the conditions for selecting the target cell are as follows:
z
The ranked neighboring cells recorded in the last complete measurement report are saved as
candidate cells.
Only a neighboring cell can serve as the target cell.
RX level in neighboring cell > Filtered RX level in serving cell + (Inter-cell HO Hysteresis - 64) - (BQ
HO Margin - 64)
A neighboring cell serves as the target cell if the previous conditions are met for UL BQ HO Last Time
within UL BQ HO Static Time.
3.4.6 Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover

Enhanced dual-band network handover is performed based on the traffic volume of the overlaid and
underlaid cells and based on the receive level.
Enhanced dual-band network handover is classified into the following types:
z
Handover due to high load in the underlaid cell
Handover due to low load in the underlaid cell
Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to High Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
The two cells are in the enhanced dual-band network and Load HO
Allowed is set to Yes.
The MS supports the frequency band on which the overlaid cell operates.
The handover due to high load in the underlaid cell is performed only on TCHs.
The load in the underlaid cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell General Overload Threshold.
The load in the overlaid cell is lower than Inner Cell Serious OverLoad Thred.
Incoming OL Subcell HO Level TH.
When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell is
triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell Serious Overload Threshold,
then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Periods
subtracted by MOD Step LEN of UL Load HO Period. The step length for handover margin adjustment
is specified by Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO.
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to Low Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
The load in the underlaid cell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold.
Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH.
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When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell is
triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold for a specified
period, then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of OL Subcell Load Diversity HO Period. The
step length for handover margin adjustment is specified by Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO.
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due To MS Movement in the Overlaid

Subcell
The triggering conditions of the handover due to MS movement in the overlaid subcell are described as
follows:
z
SS(s) < Thdouter
SS(u) - SS(n) < ATCB_THRD - ATCB_HYST

Here,
SS(s):
specifies the filtering compensated downlink RX level in the serving cell.
Thdouter:
specifies Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH.
SS(u):
specifies the downlink level (power compensation is performed on the downlink level based on
the measurement) of the underlaid subcell where the call is originated. If the SS(u) value cannot be
obtained, you can infer that the decision of enhanced dual-band network handover is not performed
and the decision condition is met by default.
SS(n):
The best neighboring cell is the one whose measured BCCH level is the highest among
neighboring cells. SS(n) is the level value of such a optimum neighboring cell that is on the same
frequency band, layer, and level with the underlaid subcell but is not co-sited with the underlaid
subcell. If such a neighboring cell is not available, the value of SS(n) is -110 dBm.
ATCB_THRD:
specifies Distance Between Boundaries of Subcells.
ATCB_HYST:
specifies Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries.
Handover due to MS movement in the overlaid subcell is triggered if either of the preceding conditions
is met.
z
For the ATCB handover algorithm, the boundaries of the overlaid and underlaid subcells are determined according to
the relative value between the signal strength of serving cell and that of neighboring cell. When SS(s) is equal to SS(n),
the system considers that it is the boundary point of the underlaid subcell. When the value of SS(s) subtracted by SS(n)
is greater than ATCB_THRD, it is the coverage area of the overlaid subcell. The coverage area of the overlaid subcell is
determined according to different networking and coverage conditions of the existing network. In addition, the overlaid
subcell of serving cell and the overlaid subcell of neighboring cells will not overlap regardless of the distance between
BTSs.
The handover margin specifies the range of signal level. In the case of overlaid/underlaid load handover on the
enhanced dual-band network, the MSs whose downlink levels are within the handover margin are handed over level by
level.

The requirements for target cell selection in the enhanced dual-band network are as follows:
z
For the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the overlaid
cell.
For the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the underlaid
cell.
For the handover due to MS movement in the overlaid subcell, the MS must be handed over to the
underlaid cell.
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Limitations
The limitations on the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
If the cell where the call is located is on an enhanced dual-band network, Cell Inner/Extra Property is
set to Extra(Extra).
The Load HO
The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Incoming OL Subcell HO Level TH. The
MS with the highest receive level is handed over first.
Allowed parameter should be set.
The limitations on the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
z
The Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell parameter should be set.
The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH. The
MS with the lowest receive level is handed over first.
The limitations on the handover due to MS movement in the overlaid subcell are described as follows:
z
The cell where the call is located is on the enhanced dual-band network. Cell Inner/Extra Property is
set to Inner(Inner).
Impact of the Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover on the Existing

Algorithm
The impact of the enhanced dual-band network handover on the existing algorithm is as follows:
On the enhanced dual-band network, the MS should not be handed over to a cell in the same
underlaid/overlaid cell group when the load handovers between the overlaid cell and the underlaid cell
(specified by Load HO Allowed and Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell) are allowed. This is to
prevent a load handover of a normal cell from colliding with a load handover between the overlaid cell
and the underlaid cell on the network.
3.4.7 Load Handover

In handover algorithm II, load handover is not decided independently.
In handover algorithm II, the load handover decision is made in network adjustment phase. The selection
of target cell should be processed by the better cell handover. That is, the load handover is triggered
when the triggering conditions of load handover and better cell handover are met simultaneously.
See 3.3.8 Load Handover for the triggering conditions of load handover. See 3.4.10 Better Cell
Handover for the triggering conditions of better cell handover.
3.4.8 Edge Handover

Edge handover is performed on the basis of receive level.
To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis value
(specified by Inter-cell HO Hysteresis - 64) greater than the receive level of the serving cell.
If Edge HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of edge handover are as follows:
z
Either of the following conditions is met.

The
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The
z
filtered uplink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold.
RX level of the neighboring cell > RX level of the serving cell + Inter-cell HO Hysteresis - 64
An edge handover is triggered when the P/N criterion is met, that is, when the previous conditions are
met for Handover Algorithm II Edge HO Valid Time within Handover Algorithm II Edge HO Watch
Time. The parameters used for P/N criterion judgment must be configured for the neighboring cells. In
different radio conditions, these parameters should be configured differently for the neighboring cells to
ensure that an optimal target cell is selected during handover.
Figure 3-8 shows the edge handover.
Figure 3-8 Edge handover

The target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In addition, it should meet the
following conditions:
z
A cell becomes the target cell if the previous conditions are met for Edge HO AdjCell Valid Time within
Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time.
If the triggering conditions of edge handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable, the
z
handover is made.
3.4.9 Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover

Fast-moving micro cell handover is performed from a micro cell to a macro cell according to the relative
speed of an MS so that the number of handovers can be minimized.
Fast-moving micro cell handover applies to the following scenarios:
z
If an MS is moving fast in a micro cell, it is handed over to a macro cell.
To prevent an MS that is moving fast in a macro cell from entering a micro cell, time penalty is
performed on the micro cell so that the fast-moving MS camps on the macro cell.
Figure 3-9 shows the fast-moving micro cell handover.
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Figure 3-9 Fast-moving micro cell handover
If MS Fast Moving HO Allowed is set to Yes, the handover decision procedure of fast-moving micro cell
handover is as follows:
1.
When the triggering conditions of edge handover or PBGT handover are met, the fast-moving micro
cell handover decision is started.
2.
When the period during which the MS camps on the serving cell is shorter than MS Fast-moving
Time Threshold, the number of cells through which the fast-moving MS passes is incremented by
one.
The cells counted by the system must locate at a layer lower than layer 4. In other words, they must be non-Umbrella
cells.
3.
When the number of cells that the MS passes in fast movement reaches MS Fast-moving Watch
Cells, the fast-moving micro cell handover is triggered if the number of cells that the MS passes in
fast movement counted by the system is greater than or equal to MS Fast-moving Valid Cells.

In handover algorithm II, the target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In
z
The target cell must be at layer 4, that is, Umbrella cell.
Filtered RX level of the target cell Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis - 64
A neighboring cell serves as the target cell if the previous conditions are met for HCS HO Valid Time
within HCS HO Watch Time.
Limitations
After the fast-moving micro cell handover is successful, the penalty is performed on all the neighboring
micro cells. During Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO, Penalty on Fast Moving HO is subtracted from
the RX level of every neighboring micro cell.
Cell Layer and Cell Priority

Through Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a proper traffic volume distribution can be realized
among multiple frequency bands.
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Huawei multiband handover algorithm divides cells into four layers, with 16 priorities at each layer. The
Layer of the cell parameter specifies at which layer a cell is located. This algorithm is applicable to
complex networking scenarios. Figure 3-10 shows the cell layers.
Figure 3-10 Cell layers
In Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a GSM network covering a certain area is divided into four
layers, which are:
z
Layer 4: Umbrella cell. The umbrella cells are generally GSM900 cells having the wide coverage
feature. It also implements fast MS connection.
Layer 3: Macro cell. The macro cells are generally GSM900 cells, which are commonly used in current
GSM system and serve majority of subscribers.
Layer 2: Micro cell. The micro cells are generally DCS1800 cells having the small coverage feature.
They enable capacity expansion.
Layer 1: Pico cell. The pico cells are generally DCS1800 cells, which are used in hot spots and blind
spots.
The cell at the lower layer has a higher priority.

Cell Priority controls handover between cells at the same layer. Each layer has 16 priorities, numbered
1-16 respectively. A high value indicates a low priority. If the cells at the same layer have different
priorities, a cell with a lower priority value has a higher priority. Cell Priority along with Layer of the cell
determines the priority of a cell. The priority affects the sequence of neighboring cells for handover.
3.4.10 Better Cell Handover

Better cell handover is an optimization of inter-layer handover and PBGT handover in handover
algorithm I. Better cell handover is specific to handover algorithm II.
If Better Cell Handover Enable is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of better cell handover are as
follows:
z
If Pathloss Ho. Enable is set to Yes, path loss is taken into consideration during the sorting of the
serving cell and target cells. If Pathloss Ho. Enable is set to No, path loss is not taken into
consideration during the sorting of the serving cell and target cells.
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z
If the serving cell is in the candidate cell list, then the priorities of the target cells must be higher than
the priority of the serving cell after the sorting.
If the serving cell is not in the candidate cell list, then the target cells must meet the following
conditions:
If
Load Handover Support is set to NO, or Load Handover Support is set to YES but the load in
the serving cell is lower than Load HO Threshold.
If
the serving cell and the target cells are at the same layer and have the same priority, the
following conditions must be met:
SS_DL(N) - SS_DL(S) > H - 64
SS_DL(N) indicates the filtered BCCH receive level of a target cell. SS_DL(S) indicates the
compensated receive level on the downlink TCH after filtration. H indicates Inter-cell HO
Hysteresis of the serving cell over the neighboring cell.
Negative handover is a type of better cell handover. When inter-cell HO Hysteres is set to a
value smaller than 64, the value of H 64 is negative. In this case, even if the downlink receive
level in a candidate cell is lower than the downlink receive level in the serving cell, a negative
handover to the candidate cell can be performed.
If
the serving cell and the target cells are at different layers but have the same priority, the
following conditions must be met:
SS_DL(N) T_layer(N) + H_layer(S)
SS_DL(N) indicates the filtered BCCH receive level of a target cell. T_layer(N) indicates
Inter-layer HO Threshold of the target cell. H_layer(S) indicates Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis of the serving cell.
If
Load Handover Support is set to YES and the load in the serving cell is higher than Load HO
Threshold, better cell handover can be triggered.
A neighboring cell becomes a target cell if the preceding conditions are met for Better Cell HO Valid
Time during Better Cell HO Valid Time.
When both Better Cell Handover Enable and Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover Allowed are set to
YES(Yes), the system selects a better cell as the serving cell of the MS. Reconfigure bit 14 of the serving
cell if the following formula is met (set bit 14 to 0 if it is 1 or set bit 14 to 1 if it is 0):
SS_DLs_fTlayer-(Hlayer+Poffset_i-64)
Where, SS_DLs_f is the measured downlink TCH level of the neighboring cell after power control
compensation and filtering. Tlayer is the Inter-layer HO Threshold configured for the serving cell. Hlayer is
the Inter-layer HO Hysteresis configured for the serving cell. Poffset_i is the Enhanced Outgoing Cell
Handover Offset of the serving cell, which is set for neighboring cell i.
Check all neighboring cells, and reconfigure bit 14 of the serving cell for every neighboring cell. Then,
compare bit 16 of the serving cell and that of a neighboring cell. If bit 16 of the neighboring cell is smaller
than that of the serving cell, the condition for triggering a better cell handover is met. In this case, the
neighboring cell is put into the candidate cell list for better handover and the value of bit 14 of the serving
cell is recorded. Check all neighboring cells, and rank all neighboring cells in the candidate cell list
according to the values of the 16 bits. If bit 14 of the serving cell in the record is 1, set bit 14 of the
serving cell to 1; otherwise, set bit 14 of the serving cell to 0. Then, put the serving cell at the last of the
candidate cell list.
If Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover Allowed is set to NO(NO), see Edge Handover for details.
When the Neighboring Cell Penalty Switch is set to YES(Yes), a timer is started when the better cell
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Length, the neighboring cell level after filtering for better cell handover is punished. That is, within the
penalty timer length, the neighboring cell level used by the system for 16-bit ranking of better cell
handover is equal to the original filtered level minus Level Penalty Value on Neighboring Cell. The
Penalty Stop Level Threshold is used for stopping the penalty timer. The penalty timer is stopped if the
following formula is met. The penalty timer can be started only once, and it cannot be restarted when it
expires or the conditions for stopping the penalty timer are met.
SS_DLs_f<Tlow_i
In handover algorithm II, the penalty applied on the neighboring cell level within the Penalty Timer
Length is effective for better cell handover and handovers triggered by better cell handover, such as
load handover and path loss handover.

The requirements for target cell selection are as follows:
z
3.4.11 Handover Between a Full-Rate TCH and a Half-Rate TCH

Handover between a full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH performs decision based on handover algorithm
II.
Types of handover between a full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH are as follows:
z
AMR TCHF-TCHH handover and non-AMR TCHF-TCHH handover

The purpose is to absorb more MSs and to reduce the cell congestion if the cell load is high.
AMR TCHH-TCHF handover and non-AMR TCHH-TCHF handover

The purpose is to improve the speech quality of the call if the cell load is low.
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH Handover

If the AMR F-H Ho Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are
as follows:
z
Speech Version used by the call is full-rate speech version 3.
Downlink path loss of the call AMR F-H Ho Pathloss Threshold + path loss handover margin
ATCB of the call AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold ATCB handover margin
Uplink signal quality of the call AMR F-H Ho Qual. Threshold
Downlink signal quality of the call AMR F-H Ho Qual. Threshold
The preceding conditions are met for F-H Ho Last Time within F-H Ho Stat. Time.
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Triggering Conditions of Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Handover

If the Non-AMR F-H Ho Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of non-AMR TCHF-TCHH
handover are as follows:
z
Speech Version used by the call is full-rate speech version 1 or full-rate speech version 2.
Downlink path loss of the call Non-AMR F-H Ho Pathloss Threshold + path loss handover margin
ATCB of the call Non-AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold ATCB handover margin
Uplink signal quality of the call Non-AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold
Downlink signal quality Non-AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold
The preceding conditions are met for F-H Ho Last Time within F-H Ho Stat. Time.
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHH-TCHF Handover

If AMR F-H Ho Allowed is set to Yes or Allow AMR H-F Quality-based HO is set to Yes, the triggering
conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are as follows:
z
Speech Version used by the call is half-rate speech version 3.
Downlink path loss AMR H-F Ho Pathloss Threshold
ATCB of the call AMR H-F Ho ATCB Threshold
Uplink signal quality AMR H-F Ho Qual. Threshold
Downlink signal quality of the call AMR H-F Ho Qual. Threshold
The AMR TCHH-TCHF handover is triggered if either of the preceding conditions is met for H-F Ho
Last Time within H-F Ho Stat. Time and Speech Version is half-rate speech version 3.
Triggering Conditions of Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Handover

If Non-AMR F-H Ho Allowed is set to Yes or Allow Non-AMR H-F Quality-based HO is set to Yes, the
triggering conditions of non-AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are as follows:
z
Speech Version used by the call is half-rate speech version 1.
Downlink path loss of the call Non-AMR H-F Ho Pathloss Threshold
ATCB of the call Non-AMR H-F Ho ATCB Threshold
Uplink signal quality of the call Non-AMR H-F Ho Qual. Threshold
Downlink signal quality of the call Non-AMR H-F Ho Qual. Threshold
The non-AMR TCHH-TCHF handover is triggered if either of the preceding conditions is met for H-F
Ho Last Time within H-F Ho Stat. Time and Speech Version is half-rate speech version 1.

Only the serving cell can be selected as the target cell of the TCHF-TCHH handover.
3.4.12 SDCCH Handover

SDCCH handover is a process in which the MS is handed over from an SDCCH to another SDCCH in an
immediate assignment. SDCCH handover helps improve the access success rate of the MSs on the
edge of the network, thus improving the network QoS.
The principle of SDCCH handover is the same as that of TCH handover. Regarding procedure, an
SDCCH handover involves measurement and MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision, and
handover execution.
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Whether an SDCCH handover can be performed is controlled by the SDCCH HO Allowed parameter. If
an inter-BSC SDCCH handover is required, both SDCCH HO Allowed and Inter-BSC SDCCH HO
ALLowed should be set to YES(Yes).
The handover decision algorithm for SDCCH handover is different from that for TCH handover in the
following ways:
z
The algorithms for the following handovers support SDCCH handover:

quick handover, TA handover, BQ handover, interference handover, handover due to no downlink
measurement report, edge handover, and fast-moving micro cell handover
The algorithms for the following handovers do not support SDCCH handover:
enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, better cell handover, handover between a
full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH, better 3G cell handover, concentric cell handover, and tight BCCH
handover
3.4.13 Other Handovers

Other handovers here refer to better 3G cell handover and tight BCCH handover.
Better 3G Cell Handover

See 2G/3G Interoperability Feature Parameter Description.
Tight BCCH Handover

See BCCH Dense Frequency Multiplexing Feature Parameter Description.
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4 Parameters
4 Parameters
This chapter describes the parameters related to handover.
For the meaning of each parameter, see Table 4-1. For the default value, value ranges, and MML
commands of each parameter, see Table 4-2.
Table 4-1 Parameter description (1)
Parameter
Description
Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
Reduces ping-pong handovers between cells on a

same layer. This parameter is invalid when cells are on
different layers.
Current HO Control Algorithm
Whether to use handover algorithm generation 1 or 2

currently
MR.Preprocessing
Whether to enable the BTS to preprocess measurement

reports. This parameter determines where to conduct
power control.
Transfer Original MR
Whether the BTSs send the original measurement

reports to the BSC after pre-processing them. When
this parameter is set to YES, the BTSs sends the
original and pre-processed measurement reports to the
BSC.
Transfer BTS/MS Power Class
Whether to enable the BTS to transfer BTS/MS power

class to the BSC
Sent Freq.of preprocessed MR
Frequency at which the BTSs submit pre-processed

measurement reports to the BSC
Measurement Report Type
Type of the measurement report (MR) reported by the

MS
Allowed MR Number Lost
If the number of measurement reports lost

consecutively is no larger than this value, linear
interpolation is performed for the values in the lost
measurement reports based on the values in the two
measurement reports preceding and following the lost
measurement reports. Otherwise, the lost measurement
reports will be discarded, and the value will be
recalculated when new measurement reports arrive.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
This parameter specifies the transmit power level of the
TRX. The greater this parameter is, the smaller the
transmit power is. When this parameter is set to "0", the
transmit power level of the TRX is the greatest. Each
time this parameter increases by one level, the transmit
power reduces by 2 dB.
For different types of BTSs, the value range of this
parameter is different.
Power Level
BTS3X: 0-10
BTS3001C: 0-13
BTS3002C: 0-10
Double-transceiver BTSs
(BTS3012,BTS3012AE,BTS3006C): 0-10
DBS3900 GSM, BTS3900 GSM, BTS3900A GSM:
0-10.
Level value of the penalty that is performed on the
neighboring cells of the cell where a fast-moving MS is
located. The neighboring cells must be located at the
Macro, Micro, or Pico layer other than the Umbrella
layer.
Penalty on Fast Moving HO
Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO
Level value of the penalty that is performed on the

layer.
Penalty Time on Tast Moving HO
Period in which level penalty is performed on the

layer.
Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO
Period in which penalty is performed on the neighboring

cells of the cell where a fast-moving MS is located. The
neighboring cells must be located at the Macro, Micro,
or Pico layer but not the Umbrella layer.
Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fail
Within the preset time, no AMR FR-to-HR handover is

allowed if the previous FR-to-HR handover fails due to
channel unavailability or channel mismatch.
Penalty Time on Interfere HO
Specifies an interval between two consecutive

interference handovers
Penalty Time of UtoO HO
After an MS performs a OL subcell to UL subcell

handover successfully, the MS cannot be handed over
to the OL subcell again within the value of the
parameter.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Inter UL/OL Subcells HO Penalty Time
An MS cannot be handed over from the underlaid

subcell to the overlaid subcell in this duration after the
MS is handed over from the overlaid subcell to the
underlaid subcell successfully.
Penalty Level after HO Fail
Penalty signal level imposed on a target cell to which

the handover fails due to congestion or poor radio
quality. This penalty helps to prevent the MS from
making a second handover attempt to the target cell.
UmPenaltyTimer
Timer of penalty on a neighboring cell when a handover

fails due to faults of air interface connection.
RscPenaltyTimer
Timer for punishing the neighboring cells when

handover failures occur due to resource-related causes,
such as resources being insufficient
CfgPenaltyTimer
Timer of penalty on a neighboring cell when a handover

fails due to faults of data configuration.
Penalty Time after OtoU HO Fail
After an OL subcell to UL subcell handover of an MS

fails, the MS does not perform OL subell-UL subcell
handovers within the value of the parameter.
Penalty Time after UtoO HO Fail
After an UL subcell to OL subcell handover of an MS

fails, the MS does not perform UL subcell to OL subcell
handovers within the value of the parameter.
Inter-BSC SDCCH HO ALLowed
Whether to allow inter-BSC SDCCH handovers
Min DL Level on Candidate Cell
If the downlink received signal level of a neighbor cell is

greater than "Min DL Level on Candidate Cell" plus "Min
Access Level Offset", the neighbor cell can be listed in
the candidate cell queue for handover.
Min Access Level Offset
Minimum receive level offset
Min UL Level on Candidate Cell
If the uplink received signal level of a neighbor cell is

greater than "Min UL Level on Candidate Cell" plus "Min
Access Level Offset", the neighbor cell can be listed in
the candidate cell queue for handover.
FDD REP QUANT
This parameter specifies whether Ec/No or RSCP is

used for the measurement report on a FDD cell.
Ec/No stands for the signal-to-noise ratio. RSCP stands
for the received signal code power.
Min Ec/No threshold
Selects 3G candidate cells. If the measured value of a

3G neighboring cell is lower than this threshold, the 3G
neighboring cell will be removed from among the 3G
candidate cells.
Min RSCP threshold
Selects 3G candidate cells. If the measured value of a

3G neighboring cell is lower than this threshold, the 3G
neighboring cell will be removed from among the 3G
candidate cells.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Penalty Value on Load HO
After a load handover succeeds, the BSC punishes the

former serving cell during "Penalty Time on Load HO"
by subtracting "Penalty Value on Load HO" from the
receive level of the former serving cell, thus avoiding
ping-pong handovers.
Penalty Time on Load HO
After a load handover succeeds, the BSC punishes the

former serving cell during "Penalty Time on Load HO"
by subtracting "Penalty Value on Load HO" from the
receive level of the former serving cell, thus avoiding
ping-pong handovers.
Directed Retry
Whether to enable a directed retry. The directed retry is

to hand over an MS to a neighboring cell in the same
procedure as the handover. The directed retry is an
emergency measure applicable to abnormal traffic
peaks in some areas of a radio network. You should not
use the directed retry as a major means of solving traffic
congestion. If the directed retry always occurs in some
areas of a network, consider adjusting the sector and
TRX configuration and the network layout.
Inter-rat HO Preference
This parameter specifies whether a 2G cell or to a 3G

cell is preferentially selected as the target cell for
handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_2G_Cell, the BSC
preferentially selects a 2G candidate cell as the target
cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_3G_Cell, the BSC
preferentially selects a 3G candidate cell as the target
cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_2G_CellThres, the
BSC preferentially selects a neighboring 3G cell as the
handover target cell if the receive level of the
neighboring 2G cell that ranks the first in the
candidate cell list is equal to or smaller than "HO
Preference Threshold for 2G Cell". Otherwise, the
BSC preferentially selects a neighboring 2G cell as the
handover target cell.
HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell
If the receive level of the neighboring 2G cell that ranks

the first in the candidate cell list is equal to or smaller
than this threshold, the BSC preferentially selects a
neighboring 3G cell as the handover target cell.
Otherwise, the BSC preferentially selects a
neighboring 2G cell as the handover target cell.
Min Interval for Emerg. HO
Minimum interval between two consecutive emergency

handovers performed by an MS. During this interval, no
emergency handover is allowed.
Quick Handover Enable
Whether to allow the fast handover algorithm
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Quick Move Speed Threshold
A quick handover can be initiated only if the rate of an

MS is higher than this parameter during a certain period
of time.
Quick Handover Up Trigger Level
Fast handover can be triggered only when the uplink

signal level of the serving cell is less than this
parameter.
Quick Handover Down Trigger Level
Fast handover can be triggered only when the downlink

level of the serving cell is less than this parameter.
Chain Neighbor Cell
Whether the cell is a chain neighboring cell. The

parameter is used in the quick handover algorithm.
Quick handover aims to increase the handover success
rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the
call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover
applies to the scenario where an MS moves fast along
an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a
high-speed railroad. The target cell must be a chain
neighboring cell.
Handover Direction Forecast Enable
Handover direction forecast switch. When this

parameter is set to YES, the BSC6900 can forecast the
handover direction of the call in fast handover so that
the best target cell can be selected for handover.
Chain Neighbour Cell Type
This parameter indicates the geographical relationship

between the neighboring cell and the serving cell. In the
BSC6900, if direction A is selected, then the reverse
direction is B.
Handover Direction Forecast Last Times
This parameter indicates P in the P/N rule for MS

handover direction forcast. P/N rule: Among N
handovers, the MS is handed over to Class B chain
neighboring cell for successively P times, then the
BSC6900 determines that the MS is moving to the
Class B chain neighboring cell.
Handover Direction Forecast Statistic Times
This parameter indicates N in the P/N rule for MS

handover direction forcast. P/N rule: Among N
handovers, the MS is handed over to Class B chain
neighboring cell for successively P times, then the
BSC6900 determines that the MS is moving to the
Class B chain neighboring cell.
Quick Handover Punish Time
After the fast handover is successful, the penalty on the

original serving cell is performed within the "Quick
handover punish time": the receive level of the original
serving cell is decreased by "Quick handover punish
value", to prevent ping-pong handovers.
Quick Handover Punish Value
To avoid ping-pong handover, the received signal of the

original serving cell is decreased by "Quick handover
punish value" in "Quick handover punish time" after fast
handover succeeds.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
TA HO Allowed
Whether to enable the time advance (TA) handover.

The TA handover determines whether the timing
advance (TA) is higher than the predefined TA
threshold. When the TA is higher than the predefined
TA threshold, a TA handover is triggered. The TA is
calculated based on the distance between the MS and
the BTS. The longer the distance is, the greater the TA
value is.
TA Threshold
An emergency handover is triggered when TA is greater

than or equal to the value of this parameter.
Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable
This parameter specifies whether the handover from 2G

cells to 3G cells is allowed.
Penalty Time after TA HO
After the time advancing handover is successful, the

penalty on the original serving cell is performed within
the "Penalty Time after TA HO": the receive level of the
original serving cell is decreased by "Penalty Level after
TA HO", to prevent ping-pong handovers.
Penalty Level after TA HO
After the time advancing handover is successful, the

the "Penalty Time after TA HO": the receive level of the
TA HO", to prevent ping-pong handovers.
BQ HO Allowed
Whether to enable the bad quality (BQ) handover

algorithm. Whether to trigger BQ handover depends on
the uplink and downlink transmit quality (measured by
using BER). If the uplink or downlink BQ exceeds the
BQ handover threshold, emergency BQ handover is
triggered. The possible causes of BER increase (or
quality degradation) include too low signal power and
channel interference.
UL Qual. Threshold
An emergency handover due to bad quality is triggered

when the uplink receive quality is not smaller than "UL
Qual. Threshold".
DL Qual. Threshold
Downlink quality threshold for emergency handover.

This parameter is represented as the product of 10 and
a quality level that ranges from 0 to 7. The emergency
handover can be triggered only when the downlink
receive quality of an MS is greater(indicate bad quality)
than this threshold.
UL Qual. Limit for AMR FR
The value of this parameter corresponds to multiplying

quality level 0 to 7 by 10. An emergency handover can
be triggered only when the uplink receive quality of the
MS is greater than the value of this parameter.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
DL Qual. Limit for AMR FR
Downlink quality limit for emergency handover in an

AMR full rate call. The value of this parameter
corresponds to the quality levels (0 to 7) multiplied by
10. An emergency handover can be triggered only
when the downlink reception quality of an MS is higher
than the value of this parameter, which indicates a poor
quality.
UL Qual. Limit for AMR HR
The value of this parameter corresponds to multiplying

quality level 0 to 7 by 10. An emergency handover can
be triggered only when the uplink receive quality of the
MS is greater than the value of this parameter.
DL Qual. Limit for AMR HR
Downlink quality limit for emergency handover in an

AMR half rate call. The value of this parameter
corresponds to the quality levels (0 to 7) multiplied by
10. An emergency handover can be triggered only
when the downlink reception quality of an MS is higher
than the value of this parameter, which indicates a poor
quality.
BQ HO Margin
If ("downlink level of the neighbor cell after filtering" "downlink level of the serving cell (after power control
compensation)") > ("Inter-cell HO Hysteresis" - "BQ HO
Margin" + 64), the BQ handover to the neighbor cell is
triggered.
Intracell HO Allowed
Whether to allow intra-cell handovers
Penalty Time after BQ HO
After a handover due to bad quality is successful, the

the "Penalty Time after BQ HO": the receive level of the
BQ HO", to prevent ping-pong handovers.
Penalty Level after BQ HO
After a handovr due to bad quality is successful, the

the "Penalty Time after BQ HO": the receive level of the
BQ HO", to prevent ping-pong handovers.
Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed
Whether to use the emergency handover algorithm in

case the receive level of the MSs drops rapidly, thus
preventing call drops.
Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
If the UL receive level remains lower than the "Edge HO

UL RX_LEV Threshold" for a period, the edge handover
is triggered.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Filter Parameter A1
One of the nine parameters (filter parameters A1 to A8

and filter parameter B) used to configure the filter for
determining whether the received signal level drops
rapidly. The computation formula is as follows: C1(nt)
= A1 x C(nt) + A2 x C(nt-t) + A3 x C(nt-2t) + ... + A8 x
C(nt-7t) If C1(nt) is less than B and C(nt) is less than the
threshold for edge handover, the signal level is
considered dropping rapidly. In the formula, A1 to A8
are filter parameters A1 to A8 minus 10 and B is the
negative of filter parameter B. C(nt) indicates the
received signal level in the uplink measurement report
of the serving cell received at time nt. Setting the filter
helps to configure the maximum allowed signal level
drop degree.
Filter Parameter A2

drop degree.
Filter Parameter A3

drop degree.
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4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Filter Parameter A4

drop degree.
Filter Parameter A5

drop degree.
Filter Parameter A6

drop degree.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Filter Parameter A7

drop degree.
Filter Parameter A8

drop degree.
Filter Parameter B
Trend of the received signal level of the cell during a

period. This parameter helps to configure the filter for
rapidly. If this parameter is higher, a more rapid signal
level drop is required to trigger the handover due to
rapid signal level drop.
Interference HO Allowed
Whether to allow the interference handover algorithm.

Interference handovers are triggered when the receive
level is higher than the receive threshold while the
transmit quality is lower than the interference handover
quality threshold, that is, when the MSs are subject to
all kinds of radio interferences.
Interfere HO Qual. Thresh 1 for Non-AMR FR
Interfere HO Qual. Thresh Offset for AMR FR
4-10
Threshold for the interference handover of Non-AMR

FR voice services. AMRFR refers to Adaptive
Multi-Rate Full Rate.
For AMR FR voice services, a fixed amount of offset is
added to the corresponding grade of the received signal
quality for the interference handover of non-AMR FR
voice services.

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Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Forbidden time after MAX Times
Duration in which intra-cell handover is forbidden after

the number of consecutive intra-cell handovers reaches
the maximum. Intra-cell handover can be conducted
again only after this duration.
Inter-layer HO Threshold
Handover threshold during the handovers between cells

on different layers or of different priorities. This value is
used to suppress inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
Inter-layer handover threshold of the serving cell =
"Inter-layer HO threshold" - "Inter-layer HO Hysteresis";
Inter-layer handover threshold of a neighboring cell =
"Inter-layer HO Threshold" + "Adjacent Cell Inter-layer
HO Hysteresis" - 64.
Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
Hysteresis value during the handovers between cells on

different layers or of different priorities. This value is
No Dl Mr.HO Allowed
Decisions of no-downlink measurement report

handovers can be made only when the number of
consecutive no-downlink measurement reports in the
current call is no larger than this parameter.
No Dl Mr.Ul Qual HO Limit
When a certain number of no-downlink measurement

reports are received consecutively and the uplink
receive quality is no smaller than this parameter,
no-downlink measurement report emergency
handovers are triggered. No-downlink measurement
report emergency handovers choose the inter-cell
handover mode preferentially; however, if no candidate
cells are available and intra-cell handover is enabled in
the current cell, intra-cell handovers are triggered.
Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Limit
Decisions of no-downlink measurement report

handovers can be made only when the number of
consecutive no-downlink measurement reports in the
current call is no larger than this parameter.
Number of measurement reports sampled for averaging

the signal quality on a speech/data channel. Averaging
the signal quality in multiple measurement reports helps
to avoid a sharp signal quality drop due to Rayleigh
fading and to ensure the comprehensiveness of a
handover decision.
Filter Length for SDCCH Qual.
For the purpose of accurately reflecting the radio

environment of a network, filtering is performed on the
measured values in several consecutive measurement
reports. This parameter indicates the number of
measurement reports used for the filtering of the signal
quality on signaling channels. This parameter is used to
determine whether interferences exist on channels.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Load HO
Description
Whether to switch some of the calls in the underlay
subcell to the overlay when the load of the underlay is
higher than this parameter
Allowed
UL Subcell General Overload Threshold
When the load of the underlay subcell is higher than this

parameter, some of the calls in the underlay subcell will
be switched to the overlay subcell, and channels in the
overlay subcell will be preferentially assigned to calls
initiated in the underlay subcell as well.
Inner Cell Serious OverLoad Thred
In an enhanced dual-band network, if the load of the

overlay subcell is higher than this parameter, the
system cannot initiate an underlay-to-overlay handover.
Subcell HO Allowed Flow Control Level
If the current system flow control level is greater than

this parameter, the handover between the underlaid
and overlaid subcells due to low or high load in the
underlaid subcell is not allowed.
Incoming OL Subcell HO Level TH
Lower threshold of the overlay level during

underlay-to-overlay handovers. When the receive level
of an MS is higher than this threshold, the MS can be
switched to the overlay subcell.
UL Subcell Serious Overload Threshold
When the load of the underlay subcell is higher than this

parameter, the underlay-to-overlay load handover
period subtracts a period that equals "Step Length of
UL Subcell Load HO" from "UL Subcell Load
Hierarchical HO Periods" every second, thus increasing
the load handover speed.
UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Periods
When the load of the underlay subcell exceeds "UL

Subcell General Overload Threshold", all the calls that
are using this cell as the serving cell generate handover
requests at the same time, which will suddenly increase
the load of the BSC and possibly cause congestion in
the overlay subcell, thus causing the handovers to fail.
To solve this problem, the BSC uses the hierarchical
load handover algorithm to gradually switch some of the
calls in the underlay subcell to the overlay subcell. This
parameter indicates the duration of each handover
level.
MOD Step LEN of UL Load HO Period
If the underlay load is higher than "UL Subcell Serious

Overload Threshold", the underlay-to-overlay handover
period subtracts a value that equals this threshold from
"UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Periods" every
second.
Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO
Level step during underlay-to-overlay hierarchical load

handovers
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Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold
When the load of the underlay subcell is lower than this

parameter, some of the calls in the overlay subcell will
be switched to the underlay subcell, and channels in the
underlay subcell will be preferentially assigned to
channel requests initiated in the overlay subcell as well.
Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level TH
Lower threshold of the overlay level during

overlay-to-underlay handovers. When the receive level
of an MS is higher than this threshold, the MS can be
switched to the underlay subcell.
OL Subcell Load Diversity HO Period
Overlay-to-underlay load handovers are performed by

levels. This parameter indicates the duration of each
level.
Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO
Level step during overlay-to-underlay hierarchical load

handovers
Distance Between Boundaries of Subcells
Distance between the boundary of the overlaid subcell

and the boundary of the underlaid subcell. This
parameter specifies the difference between the
coverage of the overlaid subcell and the coverage of the
underlaid subcell in the concentric cell or
dual-frequency network scenario. The boundaries of the
overlaid and underlaid subcells are determined
according to the relative value between the signal
strength of the serving cell and the signal strength of the
neighbor cell. Assume that the signal strength of the
serving cell is SS(s) and that the signal strength of the
neighbor cell is SS(n). If SS(s) = SS(n), the MS is on the
boundary of the underlaid subcell. If SS(s) - SS(n) >
"Distance Between Boudaries of Subcells", the MS is in
the coverage of the overlaid subcell. In the tight BCCH
handover algorithm, this parameter specifies the
difference between the coverage of the TRX that carries
the BCCH and the coverage of the TRX that does not
carry the BCCH. The relevant computation is the same
as the preceding computation.
Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries
Hysteresis in the distance between the boundary of the

overlaid subcell and the boundary of the underlaid
subcell. This parameter helps to adjust "Distance
Between Boudaries of Subcells" and thus to prevent
ping-pong handover between the overlaid and underlaid
subcells. Assume that the signal strength of the serving
cell is SS(s) and that the signal strength of the neighbor
cell is SS(n). If SS(s) - SS(n) < "Distance Between
Boudaries of Subcells" - "Distance Hysteresis Between
Boudaries", the MS is handed over from the overlaid
subcell to the underlaid subcell.
Cell Inner/Extra Property
Whether a cell is an inner or extra cell in an enhanced

dual band network.
Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell
Whether to allow underlay-to-overlay load handovers.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
Threshold for downlink edge handover. If the downlink

receive level remains less than this threshold for a
period of time, the edge handover is triggered. If the
PBGT handover algorithm is enabled, this threshold can
be decreased accordingly. If the PBGT handover
algorithm is disabled, over-coverage, co-channel
interference, and adjacent channel interference may
occur when this threshold is set improperly. In addition,
to ensure uplink-downlink balance, this threshold needs
to be adjusted according to the handover performance
statistics and actual network performance.
Load HO Threshold
The load handover is triggered when the traffic load in a

cell is greater than the value of this parameter.
Load handover Load Accept Threshold
If the load of a cell is lower than the value of this

parameter, the cell can admit the users handed over
from other cells with higher load. Otherwise, the cell
rejects such users.
Load HO Step Level
In hierarchical load handovers, starting from "Edge HO

DL RX_LEV Threshold", a "Load HO Step Level" is
added to the upper handover threshold after every
"Load HO Step Period". In this way, all the calls in the
current serving cell whose receive level is in the range
"Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold" to "Edge HO DL
RX_LEV Threshold" + "Load HO Bandwidth" are
switched to other cells.
Load HO Step Period
When the load of a cell reaches or exceeds "Load HO

Threshold", all the calls that are using this cell as the
serving cell generate handover requests at the same
time, which will suddenly increase the load of the
processor. Under some circumstances, congestion
occurs in the cell, which will result in call drop. To solve
this problem, the BSC uses the hierarchical load
handover algorithm to control the number of users
included in each level of handovers. This parameter
indicates the duration of each handover level.
Load HO Bandwidth
In the handover algorithm of the first generation, load

handovers can be performed only when the receive
level of the current serving cell is in the range "Edge HO
DL RX_LEV Threshold" to "Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold" + "Load HO Bandwidth". In the handover
algorithm of the second generation, load handovers can
be performed only when the level difference between
the neighboring cell and the serving cell is between
("Inter-cell HO Hysteresis" - 64) - "Load HO Bandwidth"
and ("Inter-cell HO Hysteresis" - 64).
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Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Load Handover Support
This parameter specifies whether a traffic load-sharing

handover is enabled. The load handover helps to
reduce cell congestion, improve success rate of
channel assignment, and balance the traffic load among
cells, thus improving the network performance. The
load handover is used as an emergency measure
instead of a primary measure to adjust abnormal traffic
burst in partial areas. If load handovers occur frequently
in a partial area, the cell and TRX configuration of BTSs
and the network layout should be adjusted.
System Flux Threshold for Load HO
The system flux level is the current flux control level of

the system. A load handover is allowed only when the
system flux is lower than the value of this parameter.
Inter BSC Load Information Allowed
Whether to use external 2G neighboring cells as the

target cells of load handovers
Edge HO Allowed
Whether to enable the edge handover algorithm. When

an MS makes a call at the edge of a cell, the call may
drop if the received signal level is too low. To avoid
such a call drop, the edge handover algorithm is
involved. When the uplink signal level of the serving cell
is less than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold" or the
downlink signal level of the serving cell is less than
"Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold", the edge handover
is triggered.
Handover Algorithm I Edge HO Valid Time
According to the P/N rule, if the conditions for edge

handover are met for P seconds within N seconds, the
handover is triggered. This parameter specifies the
number P.
Handover Algorithm I Edge HO Watch Time

handover are met for P seconds within N seconds, the
number N.
Edge HO AdjCell Valid Time
According to the P/N rule, if a neighbor cell meets the

conditions for selecting the neighbor cell for edge
handover in P of N measurement reports, the edge
handover to the neighbor cell is triggered. This
parameter specifies the number P.
Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time
According to the P/N rule, if a neighbor cell meets the

conditions for selecting the neighbor cell for edge
handover in P of N measurement reports, the edge
handover to the neighbor cell is triggered. This
parameter specifies the number N.
MS Fast Moving HO Allowed
Whether to enable the fast moving micro-cell handover

algorithm. The fast moving micro-cell handover
algorithm enables fast moving MSs to switch over to
macro-cells, thus reducing the handover times.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
MS Fast-moving Time Threshold
A time threshold determined based on the radius of a

cell and the moving speed of an MS. If the MS crosses
the cell in a time period shorter than this threshold, the
BSC concludes that the MS quickly passes through the
cell. Otherwise, it concludes that the MS slowly passes
the cell.
MS Fast-moving Watch Cells
This parameter is used in the P/N criteria decision: If an

MS quickly passes through N out of P micro-cells lately,
the BSC enables the fast moving micro-cell handover
algorithm. This parameter corresponds to the N in the
P/N criteria.
MS Fast-moving Valid Cells
This parameter is used in the P/N criteria decision: If an

MS quickly passes through N out of P micro-cells lately,
the BSC enables the fast moving micro-cell handover
algorithm. This parameter corresponds to the P in the
P/N criteria.
Layer of the cell
A network basically consists of four layers, namely,

Umbrella, Macro, Micro, and Pico.
Level HO Allowed
Whether to allow inter-layer and inter-level handovers.

The inter-layer and inter-level handover algorithm is
achieved through the setting of different layers and
priorities for cells, which switches traffic to cells of a
higher precedence (decided by "Layer of the cell" and
"Cell priority" together).
Layer HO Valid Time
The triggering of inter-layer handovers must meet the

P/N criteria, that is, when the condition for inter-layer
handovers is met for a consecutive P seconds during N
seconds, an inter-layer handover is triggered. This
parameter corresponds to the P in the P/N criteria.
Layer HO Watch Time
The triggering of inter-layer handovers must meet the

P/N criteria, that is, when the condition for inter-layer
handovers is met for a consecutive P seconds during N
seconds, an inter-layer handover is triggered. This
parameter corresponds to the N in the P/N criteria.
PBGT HO Allowed
Whether to use the PBGT handover algorithm. PBGT

handovers are based on path loss. The PBGT handover
algorithm searches in real time for cells that have lower
path loss and meet certain system requirements, and
decides whether to perform the handovers. To avoid
ping-pong handovers, PBGT handovers can occur only
on TCHs and among cells on a same layer and a same
priority level.
PBGT Valid Time
The triggering of PBGT handovers must meet the P/N

criteria, that is, when the condition for PBGT handovers
is met for a consecutive P seconds during N seconds, a
PBGT handover is triggered. This parameter
corresponds to the P in the P/N criteria.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
PBGT Watch Time
The triggering of PBGT handovers must meet the P/N

criteria, that is, when the condition for PBGT handovers
is met for a consecutive P seconds during N seconds, a
PBGT handover is triggered. This parameter
corresponds to the N in the P/N criteria.
PBGT HO Threshold
PBGT handovers to a neighboring cell are allowed only

when the downlink level difference between the
neighboring cell and the serving cell is larger than this
parameter. When the value of this parameter is smaller
than 64, handovers to a neighboring cell with a lower
level than the current serving cell are allowed.
Intracell F-H HO Allowed
Whether to allow AMR handovers. This parameter has

no impact on dynamic non-AMR F-H handovers.
AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed
Whether to enable the BSC to assign AMR half rate

channels preferentially according to the channel types
allowed by the MSC and the current TCH seizure ratio
of the cell
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold
Load threshold for assigning half rate channels

preferentially. If the current TCH seizure ratio of the cell
is greater than this threshold, amr half rate channels are
assigned preferentially.
F2H HO Threshold
For an AMR call, if the currently occupied channel is a

full rate channel and the Radio Quality Indication (RQI)
is always higher than the threshold set by this
parameter, an intra-cell F-H handover is triggered.
Intracell F-H HO Last Time
The triggering of intra-cell F-H handovers must meet

the P/N criteria, that is, when the condition for intra-cell
F-H handovers is met for P seconds during N seconds,
an intra-cell F-H handover is triggered. This parameter
Intracell F-H HO Stat Time
The triggering of intra-cell F-H handovers must meet

the P/N criteria, that is, when the condition for intra-cell
F-H handovers is met for P seconds during N seconds,
an intra-cell F-H handover is triggered. This parameter
H2F HO Threshold
For an AMR call, if the currently occupied channel is a

half rate channel and the Radio Quality Indication (RQI)
is always lower than the threshold set by this
parameter, an intra-cell H-F handover is triggered.
TA HO Valid Time
The P/N criterion must be met for triggering a TA

handover. That is, the TA handover can be triggered
only if P measurement reports among N measurement
reports meet the triggering conditions. This parameter
corresponds to P in the P/N criterion.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
TA HO Watch Time
The P/N criterion must be met for triggering a TA

handover. That is, the TA handover can be triggered
only if P measurement reports among N measurement
reports meet the triggering conditions. This parameter
corresponds to N in the P/N criterion.
Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
Hysteresis value during the handovers between cells on

different layers or of different priorities. This value is
Inter-layer handover threshold of the serving cell =
"Inter-layer HO threshold" - "Inter-layer HO Hysteresis";
Inter-layer handover threshold of a neighboring cell =
"Inter-layer HO threshold" + "Adjacent Cell Inter-layer
HO Hysteresis" - 64.
BQ HO Valid Time
According to the P/N rule, if the conditions for

emergency BQ handover are met in P of N
measurement reports, the handover is triggered. This
parameter specifies the number P.
BQ HO Watch Time
According to the P/N rule, if the conditions for

emergency BQ handover are met in P of N
measurement reports, the handover is triggered. This
parameter specifies the number N.
Interfere HO Valid Time
The triggering of interference handovers must meet the

P/N criteria, that is, when P out of N measurement
reports meet the condition for interference handovers, a
concentric circle handover is triggered. This parameter
Interfere HO Static Time
The triggering of interference handovers must meet the

P/N criteria, that is, when P out of N measurement
reports meet the condition for interference handovers, a
concentric circle handover is triggered. This parameter
UL BQ HO Last Time
The P/N criterion must be met for triggering a UL BQ

handover. That is, the UL BQ handover can be
triggered only if P measurement reports among N
measurement reports meet the triggering conditions.
This parameter corresponds to P in the P/N criterion.
UL BQ HO Static Time
The P/N criterion must be met for triggering a UL BQ

handover. That is, the UL BQ handover can be
triggered only if P measurement reports among N
measurement reports meet the triggering conditions.
This parameter corresponds to N in the P/N criterion.
Handover Algorithm II Edge HO Valid Time

handover are met in P of N measurement reports, the
number P.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Handover Algorithm II Edge HO Watch Time

handover are met in P of N measurement reports, the
number N.
HCS HO Valid Time
According to the P/N rule, if the conditions for the

handover to a different micro cell due to fast movement
are met in P of N measurement reports, the handover is
triggered. This parameter specifies the number P.
HCS HO Watch Time

handover to a different micro cell due to fast movement
are met in P of N measurement reports, the handover is
triggered. This parameter specifies the number N.
Better Cell Handover Enable
Whether to enable the algorithm for the handover to a

better cell
Pathloss Ho. Enable
Whether to perform path loss-based sorting in a better

cell handover algorithm
Better Cell HO Valid Time

handover to a better cell due to interference are met for
P seconds within N seconds, the handover is triggered.
This parameter specifies the number P.
Better Cell HO Watch Time

handover to a better cell due to interference are met for
P seconds within N seconds, the handover is triggered.
This parameter specifies the number N.
AMR F-H Ho Allowed
Whether to enable the algorithm for the load-based

AMR handover between full rate and half rate
AMR F-H Ho Pathloss Threshold
Path loss threshold for the AMR handover from full rate
to half rate. If the path loss of an AMR full rate call is
equal to or less than this threshold, the AMR call is
handed over from full rate to half rate.
AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold
ATCB threshold for the AMR handover from full rate to

half rate. If the ATCB of an AMR full rate call is equal to
or greater than this threshold, the AMR call is handed
over from full rate to half rate.
AMR F-H Ho Qual. Threshold
Quality threshold for the AMR handover from full rate to

half rate. If the uplink and downlink receive quality
levels of an AMR full rate call are equal to or less than
this threshold, the AMR call is handed over from full rate
to half rate.
F-H Ho Last Time

handover from full rate to half rate are met for P
seconds within N seconds, the handover is triggered.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
F-H Ho Stat. Time

handover from full rate to half rate are met for P
Non-AMR F-H Ho Allowed
Whether to allow non-AMR voice F-H handover
Non-AMR F-H Ho Pathloss Threshold
When the path loss value of non-AMR full rate voice is

no larger than this parameter, the condition for
non-AMR F-H handovers is met.
Non-AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold
When the ATCB value of non-AMR full rate voice is no

smaller than this parameter, the condition for non-AMR
F-H handovers is met.
Allow AMR H-F Quality-based HO
Whether to enable the algorithm for the uplink and

downlink receive quality based AMR handover from half
rate to full rate
AMR H-F Ho Pathloss Threshold
Path loss threshold for the AMR handover from half rate
to full rate. If the path loss of an AMR half rate call is
greater than this threshold, the AMR call is handed over
from half rate to full rate.
AMR H-F Ho ATCB Threshold
ATCB threshold for the AMR handover from half rate to

full rate. If the ATCB of an AMR half rate call is less than
this threshold, the AMR call is handed over from half
rate to full rate.
AMR H-F Ho Qual. Threshold
Quality threshold for the AMR handover from half rate to

full rate. If the receive quality level of an AMR half rate
call is greater than this threshold, the AMR call is
handed over from half rate to full rate.
H-F Ho Last Time

handover from half rate to full rate are met for P
H-F Ho Stat. Time

handover from half rate to full rate are met for P
Allow Non-AMR H-F Quality-based HO
Whether to trigger non-AMR H-F handovers according

to the uplink and downlink receive quality
Non-AMR H-F Ho Pathloss Threshold
When the path loss value of non-AMR half rate voice is

no smaller than this threshold, the condition for
non-AMR H-F handovers is met.
Non-AMR H-F Ho ATCB Threshold
When the ATCB value of non-AMR half rate voice is no

larger than this threshold, the condition for non-AMR
H-F handovers is met.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Non-AMR H-F Ho Qual. Threshold
Quality threshold for non-AMR H-F handovers. When

the receive quality of a user is no smaller than this
parameter, the user meets the condition for H-F
handovers.











Cell Priority
This parameter controls handover between cells at the

same layer. Generally, the cells at the same layer are
set with the same priority. If the cells at the same layer
have different priorities, a cell with a smaller priority
value has a higher priority.
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BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Co-BSC/MSC Adj
Whether to adjust the candidate cell queue to give

priority to intra-BSC/MSC handover
K Bias
K offset used in K sequencing. To reduce ping-pong

handovers, the system performs K sorting based on the
downlink receive level of the candidate cells. But before
doing that, the system subtracts "K Bias" from the
actual downlink receive level of the candidate cells.
RSCP Offset
This parameter adjusts "Min RSCP threshold" to enable

the selection of 3G candidate cells based on cell
priorities
As a performance counter for 3G cells, Ec/No indicates
the ratio of the energy per received chip to the spectral
noise power density.
If the Ec/No of a 3G neighbor cell is greater than
"HOECNOTH3G" plus this parameter, the neighbor cell
is listed in the candidate cell queue.
Ec/No Offset
Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover Allowed
This parameter determines whether a cell supports

enhanced outgoing cell handover.
Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover Offset
Level offset configured for the serving cell when an

edge handover toward a neighboring cell is triggered.
When both Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover
Offset and EDGE HO Allowed are set to YES for a cell,
the BSC considers the level offset for the serving cell
when triggers an edge handover.
Neighboring Cell Penalty Switch
This switch determines whether to apply penalty on a

neighboring cell when the PBGT or hierarchical
handover in handover algorithm I or the better cell
handover in handover algorithm II is triggered. This
purpose is to prevent a call from being improperly
handed over to the neighboring cell.
Penalty Stop Level Threshold
This parameter specifies the level threshold to stop the

timer used for applying penalty on a neighboring cell.
Penalty Timer Length
This parameter specifies the length of the timer used for

applying penalty on a neighboring cell.
Level Penalty Value on Neighboring Cell
This parameter specifies the level used for applying

penalty on a neighboring cell.
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Handover
4 Parameters
Table 4-2 Parameter description (2)

Parameter
Default
Value
Inter-cell
68
HO
Hysteresis
GUI Value
Range
0~127
Actual Value Range Unit
MML Command
0~127
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Cell
MOD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
dB
Impact
BSC_Preproc
essing(BSC
preprocessing
MR.Prepro BTS_Prepr ),
BSC_Preprocessing,
None
cessing
ocessing
BTS_Preproce BTS_Preprocessing
ssing(BTS
preprocessing
)
SET
GCELLHOCTRL(Optio Cell
nal)
Transfer
Original
MR
NO
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
nal)
Transfer
BTS/MS
Power
Class
YES
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
nal)
NOreport(Do
not report),
Twice_ps(Twi
ce every
second),
Once_ps(Onc
NOreport, Twice_ps,
e every
Once_ps, Once_2s, None
second),
Once_4s
Once_2s(Onc
e every two
second),
Once_4s(Onc
e every four
second)
SET
nal)
Sent
Freq.of
Once_ps
preprocess
ed MR
EnhMeasRep
ort(Enhanced
Measurement
Measurem
ComMeasR Report),
EnhMeasReport,
ent Report
eport
ComMeasRep ComMeasReport
Type
ort(Common
Measurement
Report)
None
SET
GCELLCCUTRANSYS Cell
(Optional)
Allowed
MR
Number
Lost
None
SET
GCELLHOFITPEN(Opt Cell
ional)
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
0~31
0~31

Ltd.
4-23
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Impact
Power
Level
0~13
0~13
None
SET
GTRXDEV(Optional)
TRX
0~63
0~63
dB
ADD
GEXT2GCELL(Optiona Cell
l)
Penalty on
Fast
30
Moving HO
Penalty on
MS Fast
Moving HO 30
Penalty
Time on
Tast
Moving HO 40
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
GCELLHOAD(Optional
)
Cell
ADD
GEXT2GCELL(Optiona
l)
Cell
0~255
0~255
Penalty
Time on
40
Fast
Moving HO
0~255
0~255
SET
GCELLHOAD(Optional Cell
)
Penalty
Time after
AMR
10
TCHF-H
HO Fail
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
Penalty
Time on
Interfere
HO
15
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
Penalty
10
Time of
UtoO HO
0~255
0~255
SET
GCELLHOIUO(Optiona Cell
l)
Inter
UL/OL
Subcells
HO
Penalty
Time
0~255
0~255
SET
GCELLHOEDBPARA( Cell
Optional)
Penalty
Level after 30
HO Fail
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
ional)
UmPenalty
10
Timer
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
RscPenalt
5
yTimer
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
4-24

Ltd.
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
CfgPenalty
255
Timer
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
Penalty
Time after
10
OtoU HO
Fail
0~255
0~255
SET
l)
Penalty
Time after
40
UtoO HO
Fail
10~255
10~255
SET
l)
Inter-BSC
SDCCH
NO
HO
ALLowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
nal)
Min DL
Level on
10
Candidate
Cell
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
GCELLHOBASIC(Opti Cell
onal)
Min
Access
Level
Offset
0~63
0~63
dB
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Min UL
Level on
0
Candidate
Cell
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
onal)
FDD REP
RSCP
QUANT
RSCP(RSCP),
RSCP, EcN0
EcN0(Ec/N0)
None
SET
GCELLCCUTRANSYS Cell
(Optional)
Min Ec/No
10
threshold
0~49
0~49
dB
ADD
l)
Min RSCP
10
threshold
0~63
0~63
dB
ADD
l)
Penalty
Value on
Load HO
63
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
ional)
Penalty
Time on
Load HO
10
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
Parameter
Default
Value
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
Impact
4-25
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Directed
Retry
YES
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
SET
GCELLBASICPARA(O Cell
ptional)
Pre_2G_Cell(
Preference for
2G cell),
Pre_3G_Cell(
Inter-rat
Pre_2G_Cell,
Pre_2G_Ce Preference for
HO
Pre_3G_Cell,
llThres
3G cell),
Preference
Pre_2G_CellThres
Pre_2G_CellT
hres(Preferen
ce 2G cell by
thresh)
None
None
SET
GCELLHOUTRANFDD
(Optional)
SET
GCELLHOUTRANTDD
(Optional)
SET
GCELLHOUTRANFDD
(Optional)
Impact
Cell
HO
Preference
25
Threshold
for 2G Cell
0~63
0~63
dB
Min
Interval for 4
Emerg. HO
0~60
0~60
SET
nal)
Quick
Handover NO
Enable
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Quick
Move
35
Speed
Threshold
0~600
0~600
m/s
SET
GCELLHOFAST(Optio Cell
nal)
Quick
Handover
50
Up Trigger
Level
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
nal)
Quick
Handover
50
Down
Trigger
Level
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
nal)
Chain
Neighbor
Cell
NO
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Handover
Direction
NO
Forecast
Enable
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
nal)
4-26

Ltd.
SET
GCELLHOUTRANTDD
(Optional)
Cell
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
Parameter
4 Parameters
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Impact
QUICK_HO_N
CELL_TYPE_
A(QUICK_HO
_NCELL_TYP QUICK_HO_NCELL
Chain
QUICK_HO
_TYPE_A,
E_A),
None
Neighbour _NCELL_T
QUICK_HO_N QUICK_HO_NCELL
Cell Type YPE_A
CELL_TYPE_ _TYPE_B
B(QUICK_HO
_NCELL_TYP
E_B)
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Handover
Direction
3
Forecast
Last Times
0~16
0~16
None
SET
nal)
Handover
Direction
Forecast 3
Statistic
Times
0~16
0~16
None
SET
nal)
Quick
Handover
10
Punish
Time
0~255
0~255
ADD
GEXT2GCELL(Optiona
l)
SET
GCELLHOFAST(Optio
nal)
ADD
GEXT2GCELL(Optiona
l)
Cell
Quick
Handover
63
Punish
Value
0~63
0~63
dB
TA HO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
TA
255
Threshold
0~255
0~255
bit
SET
GCELLHOEMG(Option Cell
al)
Inter-RAT
Out BSC
NO
Handover
Enable
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Penalty
Time after 30
TA HO
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
YES
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
SET
GCELLHOFAST(Optio
nal)
Cell
4-27
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Penalty
Level after 63
TA HO
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
ional)
BQ HO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
UL Qual.
55
Threshold
0~70
0~70
None
SET
al)
DL Qual.
55
Threshold
0~70
0~70
None
SET
al)
UL Qual.
Limit for
AMR FR
60
0~70
0~70
None
SET
GCELLAMRQUL(Optio Cell
nal)
DL Qual.
Limit for
AMR FR
60
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
UL Qual.
Limit for
AMR HR
55
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
DL Qual.
Limit for
AMR HR
55
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
0~63
0~63
dB
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
69
0~127
0~127
dB
NO
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Penalty
Time after 10
BQ HO
0~255
0~255
SET
ional)
Penalty
Level after 63
BQ HO
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
ional)
Rx_Level_
Drop HO NO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Parameter
Default
Value
YES
Inter-cell
HO
4
Hysteresis
BQ HO
Margin
Intracell
HO
Allowed
4-28

Ltd.
Impact
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional) Cell
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Edge HO
UL
10
RX_LEV
Threshold
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
onal)
Filter
Parameter 10
A1
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A2
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A3
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A4
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A5
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A6
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A7
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 10
A8
0~20
0~20
None
SET
al)
Filter
Parameter 0
B
0~200
0~200
None
SET
al)
Interferenc
YES
e HO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 1
60
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Parameter
Default
Value
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
Impact
4-29
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Default
Value
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh
Offset for
AMR FR 5
Forbidden
time after
20
MAX
Times
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Impact
0~70
0~70
None
SET
GCELLAMRQUL(Optio
nal)
Cell
1~200
1~200
SET
)
ADD
GEXT2GCELL(Optiona
l)
Inter-layer
25
HO
Threshold
0~63
0~63
dB
Adjacent
Cell
Inter-layer 67
HO
Hysteresis
0~127
0~127
dB
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
No Dl
Mr.HO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
al)
No Dl
Mr.Ul Qual 50
HO Limit
0~70
0~70
None
SET
al)
Cons.No
Dl Mr.HO
8
Allowed
Limit
0~64
0~64
None
SET
al)
Filter
Length for 4
TCH Qual
1~31
0~31, step:480 for

TCH and 470 for
SDCCH
ms
SET
ional)
Filter
Length for
2
SDCCH
Qual.
1~32
1~32, step:480 for

TCH and 470 for
SDCCH
ms
SET
GCELLCHMGAD(Opti Cell
onal)
Load HO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
Optional)
0~100
0~100
SET
per cent GCELLHOEDBPARA( Cell
Optional)
NO
YES
UL Subcell
General
80
Overload
Threshold
4-30

Ltd.
SET
GCELLHOBASIC(Opti
onal)
Cell
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
Inner Cell
Serious
90
OverLoad
Thred
0~100
0~100
SET
Optional)
Subcell
HO
Allowed
Flow
Control
Level
10
0~11
0~11
None
SET
Optional)
Incoming
OL Subcell
30
HO Level
TH
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
Optional)
UL Subcell
Serious
90
Overload
Threshold
0~100
0~100
SET
Optional)
UL Subcell
Load
Hierarchic 5
al HO
Periods
1~255
1~255
SET
Optional)
Parameter
Default
Value
MML Command
Impact
MOD Step
LEN of UL
1
Load HO
Period
1~255
1~255
SET
Optional)
Step
Length of
5
UL Subcell
Load HO
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
Optional)
UL Subcell
Lower
50
Load
Threshold
0~100
0~100
SET
Optional)
Outgoing
OL Subcell
25
HO Level
TH
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
Optional)
OL Subcell
Load
10
Diversity
HO Period
1~255
1~255
SET
Optional)
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
4-31
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Step
Length of
5
OL Subcell
Load HO
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
Optional)
Distance
Between
Boundarie 10
s of
Subcells
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
Optional)
Distance
Hysteresis
Between 2
Boundarie
s
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
Optional)
Cell
Inner/Extra None
Property
Inner(Inner),
Extra(Extra)
Inner, Extra
None
ADD
GCELL(Mandatory)
Load HO
of OL
NO
Subcell to
UL Subcell
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
Optional)
Edge HO
DL
20
RX_LEV
Threshold
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
onal)
Load HO
90
Threshold
0~100
0~100
None
SET
)
Parameter
Default
Value
Impact
Cell
ADD
GEXT2GCELL(Optiona
l)
Load
handover
80
Load
Accept
Threshold
0~100
Load HO
5
Step Level
1~63
1~63
dB
SET
)
Load HO
Step
Period
1~255
1~255
SET
)
4-32
10
0~100
ADD
per cent GEXT3GCELL(Optiona Cell
l)
SET
GCELLHOAD(Optional
)

Ltd.
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Load HO
25
Bandwidth
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
)
Load
Handover NO
Support
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
System
Flux
Threshold 10
for Load
HO
0,8~11
0, 8~11
None
SET
)
Inter BSC
Load
NO
Information
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
)
Edge HO
YES
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Handover
Algorithm I
4
Edge HO
Valid Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Handover
Algorithm I
Edge HO 6
Watch
Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Edge HO
AdjCell
4
Valid Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Edge HO
AdjCell
6
Watch
Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
MS Fast
Moving HO NO
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
MS
Fast-movin
15
g Time
Threshold
0~255
0~255
SET
)
Parameter
Default
Value
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
Impact
4-33
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
MS
Fast-movin
3
g Watch
Cells
1~10
1~10
None
SET
)
MS
Fast-movin
2
g Valid
Cells
1~10
1~10
None
SET
)
Layer of
the cell
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
None
ADD
l)
Level HO
YES
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Layer HO
4
Valid Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Layer HO
6
Watch
Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
PBGT HO
YES
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
PBGT
4
Valid Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
PBGT
Watch
Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
PBGT HO
68
Threshold
0~127
0~127
dB
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Intracell
F-H HO
Allowed
YES
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
AMR
TCH/H
Prior
Allowed
ON
OFF(Off),
ON(On)
OFF, ON
None
SET
GCELLCHMGAD(Opti Cell
onal)
0~99
0~99
SET
per cent GCELLCHMGAD(Opti Cell
onal)
Parameter
Default
Value
AMR
TCH/H
Prior Cell 55
Load
Threshold
4-34

Ltd.
Impact
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
F2H HO
25
Threshold
0~39
0~39
None
SET
onal)
Intracell
None
F-H HO
Last Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Intracell
F-H HO
None
Stat Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
H2F HO
12
Threshold
0~39
0~39
None
SET
onal)
TA HO
1
Valid Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
TA HO
Watch
Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Inter-layer
2
HO
Hysteresis
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
onal)
BQ HO
1
Valid Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
BQ HO
Watch
Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Interfere
HO Valid
Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Interfere
HO Static 3
Time
0~16
1~16, step:0.5
SET
onal)
UL BQ HO
1
Last Time
1~8
1~8, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
UL BQ HO
1
Static Time
1~8
1~8, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Handover
Algorithm
None
II Edge HO
Valid Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Parameter
Default
Value
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
Impact
4-35
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Handover
Algorithm
II Edge HO None
Watch
Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
HCS HO
2
Valid Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
HCS HO
Watch
Time
1~16
1~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Better Cell
Handover YES
Enable
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Pathloss
NO
Ho. Enable
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Better Cell
HO Valid 4
Time
1~32
0.5~16, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Better Cell
HO Watch 6
Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
ADD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
AMR F-H
NO
Ho
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
AMR F-H
Ho
100
Pathloss
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
AMR F-H
Ho ATCB 20
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
AMR F-H
Ho Qual. 0
Threshold
0~7
0~7
None
SET
onal)
F-H Ho
4
Last Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
F-H Ho
6
Stat. Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Parameter
4-36
Default
Value

Ltd.
Impact
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Non-AMR
NO
F-H Ho
Allowed
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Non-AMR
F-H Ho
95
Pathloss
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
Non-AMR
F-H Ho
30
ATCB
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
Allow AMR
H-F
NO
Quality-ba
sed HO
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
AMR H-F
Ho
108
Pathloss
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
AMR H-F
Ho ATCB 4
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
AMR H-F
Ho Qual. 3
Threshold
0~7
0~7
None
SET
onal)
H-F Ho
4
Last Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
H-F Ho
6
Stat. Time
1~32
1~32, step:0.5
SET
onal)
Allow
Non-AMR
NO
H-F
Quality-ba
sed HO
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
NO, YES
None
SET
onal)
Non-AMR
H-F Ho
103
Pathloss
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
Non-AMR
H-F Ho
14
ATCB
Threshold
0~255
0~255
dB
SET
onal)
Parameter
Default
Value
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
Impact
4-37
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Non-AMR
H-F Ho
2
Qual.
Threshold
0~7
0~7
None
SET
onal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 2
50
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 3
49
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 4
48
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 5
47
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 6
46
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 7
45
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 8
44
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Parameter
4-38
Default
Value

Ltd.
Impact
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
GUI Value
Range
MML Command
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 9
43
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 10
42
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 11
41
for
Non-AMR
FR
0~70
0~70
None
SET
nal)
Parameter
Default
Value
Interfere
HO Qual.
Thresh 12
for
Non-AMR
FR
40
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
0~70
0~70
None

Ltd.
Impact
SET
GCELLAMRQUL(Optio
nal)
Cell
4-39
BSS
Handover
4 Parameters
Parameter
Cell
Priority
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
None
PRIOR-1(Prior
ity-1),
PRIOR-2(Prior
ity-2),
PRIOR-3(Prior
ity-3),
PRIOR-4(Prior
ity-4),
PRIOR-5(Prior
ity-5),
PRIOR-6(Prior
ity-6),
PRIOR-7(Prior
ity-7),
PRIOR-8(Prior
ity-8),
PRIOR-9(Prior
ity-9),
PRIOR-10(Pri
ority-10),
PRIOR-11(Pri PRIOR-1, PRIOR-2,
ority-11),
PRIOR-3, PRIOR-4,
PRIOR-12(Pri PRIOR-5, PRIOR-6,
ority-12),
PRIOR-7, PRIOR-8,
PRIOR-13(Pri PRIOR-9,
ority-13),
PRIOR-10,
ority-14),
PRIOR-12,
ority-15),
PRIOR-14,
ority-16)
PRIOR-16
None
SET
GCELLBASICPARA(O
ptional)
Cell
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
None
SET
GCELLHOBASIC(Opti
onal)
Cell
Co-BSC/M
SC Adj
YES
NO, YES
MML Command
Impact
K Bias
0~63
0~63
dB
SET
GCELLHOAD(Optional
)
Cell
RSCP
Offset
0~63
0~63
dB
ADD
Ec/No
Offset
0~49
0~49
dB
ADD
Enhanced
Outgoing
Cell
Handover
Allowed
4-40
NO, YES
NO
None
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
Ltd.
SET
GCELLHOBASIC(Opti
onal)
LST
GCELLHOBASIC(Opti
onal)
Cell
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
BSS
Handover
Parameter
4 Parameters
Default
Value
Enhanced
Outgoing
64
Cell
Handover
Offset
MML Command
Impact
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
0~127
0~127
None
MOD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
LST
G2GNCELL(Optional)
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Neighborin
g Cell
Penalty
Switch
NO, YES
NO
Penalty
Stop Level 20
Threshold
Penalty
Timer
Length
GUI Value
Range
None
NO(No),
YES(Yes)
MOD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
LST
G2GNCELL(Optional)
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
0~63
0~63
None
MOD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
LST
G2GNCELL(Optional)
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
Level
Penalty
Value on 10
Neighborin
g Cell
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)
0~255
0~255
MOD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
LST
G2GNCELL(Optional)
ADD
G2GNCELL(Optional)
0~63
0~63
None
MOD
Cell
G2GNCELL(Optional)
LST
G2GNCELL(Optional)

Ltd.
4-41
BSS
Handover
5 Counters
5 Counters
For the counters, see the BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference.
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

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5-1
BSS
Handover
6 Glossary
6 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

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6-1
BSS
Handover
7 Reference Documents
7 Reference Documents
z
3GPP TS 08.58 Base Station Controler - Base Transceiver Station (BCS-BTS) Interface Layer 3
Specification
3GPP TS
BSC6900 Feature List
BSC6900 Basic Feature Description
BSC6900 Optional Feature Description
BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference
BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference
BSC6900 Performance Counter Reference
04.08 Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification
Issue 05 (2010-11-30)

Ltd.
7-1

Handover

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Handover Feature Parameter Description

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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1.2 Intended Audience

Personnel working on Huawei GSM products or systems

System operators who need a general understanding of this feature

1.3 Change History

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Change Type Change Description

A description of AMR Handover The parameters added are as

Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover

Neighboring Cell Penalty Switch

Penalty Stop Level Threshold

A description of Better Cell

Penalty Timer Length

Level Penalty Value on Neighboring

A description of 16-bit queuing The parameters changed are as

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Change Type Change Description

A description of 3.3.14 SDCCH The parameter changed is as follows:

The triggering conditions of

In 3.3.9 Edge Handover

The structure of the document is None.

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The description of handover

Chain Neighbour Cell Type

Handover Direction Forecast

Handover Direction Forecast Last

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Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I

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Figure 2-2 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm I

In handover algorithm I, five types of handover decisions are defined:

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Normal handover. Normal handover ensures good services when an MS is moving.

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Figure 2-3 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm I

Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II

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Figure 2-4 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm II

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NE Selection for Measurement Report Processing

Data Selection for Measurement Report

Measurement Report Interpolation

Measurement Report Filtering

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Receive level of the SDCCH

Filter Length for SDCCH Level

Filter Length for SDCCH Qual.

Filter Length for TCH Qual

Filter Length for TA

TA filter length for SDCCH level

Receive level of the BCCH

Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV

Power of the BTS in TCH

Filter Length for TCH Level

Filter Length for TCH Qual

3.2 Handover Preprocessing

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