-

S GIO DC V O TO

THANH HA
THI CHNH THC
A

K THI TUYN SINH LP 10 THPT

NM HC 2012-2013
M n thi : Ton
Thi gian : 120 pht khng k thi gian giao

Ngy thi 29 thng 6 nm 2012

thi gm 01 trang, gm

05 bi
Bi 1: (2.0 im) 1- Gii cc phng trnh sau : a) x - 1 = 0
b) x2 - 3x + 2 = 0
2- Gii h phng trnh :
Bi 2: (2.0 im) Cho biu thc : A =

1
22 a

2x y 7

x y 2

1
22 a

a2 1
1 a2

1-

Tm iu kin xc nh v rt gn biu thc A

2-

Tm gi tr ca a ; bit A <

1
3

Bi 3: (2.0 im)
1- Cho ng thng (d) : y = ax + b .Tm a; b ng thng (d)
i qua im A( -1 ; 3) v song song vi ng thng (d) : y = 5x + 3
2- Cho phng trnh ax2 + 3(a + 1)x + 2a + 4 = 0 ( x l n s ) .Tm
a phmg trnh cho c hai nghim phn bit x1 ; x2 tho mn x12
+ x 22 = 4
Bi 4: (3.0 im) Cho tam tam gic u ABC c ng cao AH . Trn
cnh BC ly im M
bt k ( M khng trng B ; C; H ) T M k MP ; MQ ln lt vung gc vi cc
cnh AB ; AC ( P thuc AB ; Q thuc AC)
1- Chng minh :T gic APMQ ni tip ng trn
2- Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip t gic APMQ .Chng minh OH
PQ
3- Chng minh rng : MP +MQ = AH
Bi 5: (1.0 im) Cho hai s thc a; b thay i , tho mn iu kin
a + b 1 v a > 0
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc

A=

8a 2 b
b2
4a

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Bi

p n
Ni dung
1/ Gii cc phng trnh sau

im

a/ x 1 = 0

0.25

x = 0 + 1
x = 1. Vy x = 1
b/ x2 3x + 2 = 0, Ta c a + b + c = 1 + (-3) + 2 = 0
Theo vit phng trnh c hai nghim
c
a

0.75

2
1

x1 = 1 v x2 2
2x y 7
x y 2

2/ Gii h phng trnh

x3
x3
2x y 7
3x 9

y 1
x y 2
x y 2 3 y 2

0.75

x3
y 1

Vy h phng trnh c mt nghim duy nht :

1
1
a2 1 1

Cho biu thc : A

2
2 2 a 2 2 a 1 a 2

0.25
0.25

1/ +) Biu thc A xc nh khi

a0

a0

a0

2
1

22 a 0
a 0

a 0; a 1

1
2

2
a

0
2
1

1 a2 0

a 1; a 1

1 a 1 a 0

+) Rt gn biu thc A

1
1
a2 1

2
2 2 a 2 2 a 1 a
1
1
a2 1
A

2 1 a
2 1 a
1 a 1 a 1 a
A

1
A

1.0

a 1 a 1 a 1 a 2 a 1
2 1 a 1 a 1 a

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A
A

1 a a a a 1 a a a a 2a 2 2

2 1 a 1 a 1 a
2 a 2a 2

2 1 a 1 a 1 a
1

2a 1 a

2 1 a 1 a

a
1 a

2a 1

2a 1

2/ A 3 1 a 3 1 a 3 0 3 1 a 0 1 a 0

2a 1 0 a 2 Khong ton tai a

a 1 0
a 1

2a 1 0
1
a

2 1 a
2
a 1 0
a 1

Kt hp iu kin : Vi 0 a

0.5

1
1
th A
2
3

0.25

1/ Cho ngthng (d) : y = ax + b. Tm a, b ngthng (d) i qua im A( -1 ; 3) v song song vi

ngthng (d) : y = 5x + 3
- ng thng (d) : y = ax + b i qua im A (- 1 ; 3),

0.75

nn ta c
3 = a.(-1) + b => -a + b = 3 (1)
- ng thng (d) : y = ax + b song song vi ngthng
(d) :
a5
(2)
b3

y = 5x + 3, nn ta c

0.25

Thay a = 5 vo (1) => -5 + b = 3 => b = 8 ( tho mn b

3)
Vy a = 5 , b = 8. Hay ngthng (d) l : y = 5x + 8
2/ Cho phng trnh : ax2 + 3(a + 1)x + 2a + 4 = 0 (x l

0.25

n s) (1).Tm a phng trnh c hai nghim phn

bit x1; x2 tho mn : x12 + x22 = 4
- Vi a = 0, ta c phng trnh 3x + 4 = 0 => x
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. Ph3

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ng trnh c mt nghim x

4
( Loi)
3

- Vi a 0 Phng trnh (1) l phng trnh bc hai

Ta c : = 9(a + 1)2 4a(2a + 4) = 9a2 + 18a + 9 8a2
16a
= a2 + 2a + 9 = (a + 1)2 + 8 > 0 vi mi a
Phng trnh lun c hai nghim phn bit vi mi
a
Theo h thc Vit ta c

3 a 1

x1 x2

0.25

x x 2a 4
1 2
a

Theo u bi

x12 x2 2 4 x1 x2 2 x1 x2 4 , Thay vo ta c
2

9 a 1

2 2a 4

4
a
2
=> 9 a 1 2a 2a 4 4a 2
a

=> 9a 18a 9 4a 8a 4a 0
=> a 2 10a 9 0 C h s a b + c = 1 10 + 9 = 0
Theo vit Phng trnh c hai nghim
2

a1 = -1 (Tho mn) v a2

0.5

c 9

9 ( Tho mn)
a
1

a 1

Kt lun : Vi
a 9
Hnh v

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O
Q
P

1/ Chng minh t gic APMQ ni tip ngtrn

Xt t gic APMQ c

MP AB(gt) => MPA

900

1.0

MQ AC(gt) => MQA

900
o
o
o

=> MPA MQA 90 90 180

=> T gic APMQ ni tip (/l)

2/ Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip t gic APMQ,

1.0

Chng minh OHPQ

D thy O l trung im ca AM.
=> ng trn ngoi tip t gic APMQ l ng trn tm
O, ngknh AM
OP = OQ => O thuc ngtrung trc ca PQ (1)
AH BC AHM 90o => OH = OA = OM => A thuc -

ngtrn ngoi tip t gic APMQ

Xt ngtrn ngoi tip t gic APMQ, ta c
ABC u, c AH BC => A1 A2 (t/c)
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(h qu v gc ni tip)
=> PMH
HQ

=> HP = HQ (tnh cht)

=> H thuc ngtrung trc ca PQ (2)
T (1) v (2) => OH l ngtrung trc ca PQ => OH
PQ (PCM)
3/ Chng minh rng MP + MQ = AH
AH .BC
(1)
2

Ta c : SABC

Mt khc SABC SMAB SMAC

MP. AB MQ. AC

(2)
2
2

1.0

Do ABC l tam gic u (gt) => AB = AC = BC (3)

T (1) , (2) v (3) => MP + MQ = AH (PCM)
Bi
5

Cho hai s thc a, b thay i, tho mn iu kin a +

1.0

b 1 v a > 0.
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc A

8a 2 b
b2
4a

Bi lm
Ta c
A

8a 2 b
b
1 b 1
b 2 2a
b 2 2a
b2
4a
4a
4 4a 4
1
4

=> A 2a
1
4

ab
b 2 Do a + b 1
4a

=> A 2a

1
1
1
b2 a
b2 a . Do a + b 1 => a 1 4a
4a
4

b
2
2b 1 2
=> A a 1 b 2 1 b 1 a 1 4b 4b 3 a 1
4a
4
4a
4
4a
4
2

Do a > 0, theo cosi ta c a

Do 2b 1 0 2b 1 2 2
2

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1
1
2 a.
1 (1)
4a
4a

2b 1
4

1
(2)
2

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T (1) v (2) => A

3
2
3
2

=> Gi tr nh nht ca A l : Amin . Khi

a b 1

1
1

a b
a
4a
2

2
b

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