Question 1.

A
Since the motion is uniform and circular, the acceleration is centripetal and
its magnitude is a=v2/R=52.4 m/s2.
Question 2. B
Question 3. E
Question 4. E
We use conservation of energy. Set the zero of potential energy at the level
of the nail. Then the initial mechanical energy is totally rotational. At the
final position it is gravitational potential energy.
I w2 = mgR
w2 = 2mgR/I
I is found using the parallel axis theorem
I = ICM + MR2= MR2 + MR2 =3/2MR2
W=8.1 rad/s
Question 5. C
We call the lighter mass m1 and the heavier mass m2. The heavier mass is
m2= 1.5m1 and m1 + m2 = 20 kg. Therefore the m1=8kg and m2=12kg.
The beam is in equilibrium so torques are zero. We choose a pivot point
about the lighter end.
Torque =0= 20*Xcm m2*3.0=0
20*Xcm 12*3.0=0
Xcm = 1.8 m
Question 6. D
FT = mv2/r The speed doubles, but r and m stay the same.
This means the tension increases by a factor of 4

Question 7. A

wf =wi + alpha *t
wf=500*2pi/60
wi=250*2pi/60
alpha=5.23 rad/s^2
at=alpha*r
at=0.3 m/s^2

Question 8. D
Since the rod is doubled the CM is now at position L (taking origin on left).
Using the definition of center of mass
Xcm = [m1x1 +m2x2 +m3x3]/mtot
Xcm=L =(1 (0)+2(x) +2(2L))/4
X=L/2
Question 9. C
It is in static equilibrium, so the torques must balance
Question 10. C
The moment of inertia of the yoyo can be calculated by adding the moment
of inertia of the two disks and the moment of inertia of the cylindrical shaft.
I=2*(1/2)M1R12+(1/2)M2R22=2.8*10-4 kg.m2.

Question 11. D
The only two external forces acting on the yoyo are its weight (W) and the
tension in the string (T), considering the friction forces between the string
and the shaft of the yoyo are negligible.

 The net force is not zero, since the center of mass of the yoyo is first
accelerating and then decelerating downward.
The tension applies a zero torque on the yoyo with respect to its
instantaneous axis of rotation, since it is applied exactly at the point. The
weight of the yoyo on the other hand applies a positive torque on the yoyo,
therefore the net torque is positive.
The angular momentum of the yoyo is obviously not conserved, as the yoyo
is initially at rest (zero angular momentum) and then acquires an increasing
angular momentum as it goes down. This is consistent with the observation
that the net torque is not zero.
Question 12. D
Of the two forces applied on the yoyo, only the gravitational force, W, is
conservative. The tension, on the other hand, is not conservative. But since it
is applied at the instantaneous axis of rotation of the yoyo, which is
immobile, the tension does not work. Therefore the mechanical energy of the
yoyo.
The question of whether friction forces between the string and the yoyo
may play a role is a complicated one. By considering that the force applied
by the string on the yoyo is equal to the tension in the string, we in fact
assume that the string is part of the system yoyo for which the energy is
conserved (and this is perfectly ok as long as the string as a negligible mass
and that we dont need to consider its kinetic energy). Therefore any friction
between the string and the yoyo is in fact an internal force. If we do not want
to consider the string as part of our system, then we can see those friction
forces applied by the spring on the yoyo as the transmission of the tension in
the rope: the net friction force must be equal to the tension in the string (this
can be seen by applying Newtons second law to the string, for which ma=0
since it has a negligible mass, meaning that the net force applied on the
string is 0; therefore the tension in the string must be equal in magnitude
and opposite in direction to the friction forces applied by the yoyo on the
string; therefore, because of Newtons third law, the friction forces applied
by the string on the yoyo are exactly equal to the tension in the rope).

Question 13. C
Since the mechanical energy of the yoyo, E, is conserved during its fall, we
can calculate it at any point of the trajectory, in particular at z=L when the
yoyo is at rest. At z=L, E=M*g*L=(2*M1+M2)*g*L=0.88 J.
Question 14. D
The instantaneous rotation axis of the yoyo (immobile axis) is found at the
point where the string stops being wrapped up around the yoyo, that is at a
distance R2+d of the center of mass of the yoyo.
By analogy with the case of a rotating wheel we can see that the speed of
the center of mass must therefore be v=(R2+d)w.
Question 15. D
The speeds at z=L/2 and z=0 can be calculated using energy conservation.
At z=L/2: 1/2*I*w2+1/2*Mv2+M*g*L/2=E
1/2*I/(R2+d)2*v2+1/2*Mv2= E/2
1/2*[M+I/(R2+d)2]* v2=E/2
v2=E/[M+I/(R2+d)2]
Using E=0.88J (question 7), I=2.8*10-4 kg.m (question 6), d=0.03 m and
M=2M1+M2=0.105 kg, one finds v=1.8 m/s.
At z=0: 1/2*I*w2+1/2*Mv2=E v2=2E/[M+I/(R2+d)2]
Using the same parameters as above except for d=0.0 m, on finds: v=0.78
m/s.
Question 16. E
The speed of the center of mass of the yoyo decreases between z=L/2 and
z=0 (cf. question 11 and the introduction text of the problem), and therefore
the linear kinetic energy of the yoyo, KL, decreases.
Since the yoyo goes down between z=L/2 and z=0, the gravitational
potential energy of the yoyo, U, decreases as well.

Since mechanical energy is conserved for the yoyo: KL+KR+U=E is a

constant, therefore if both KL and U decrease, then KR must increase.

Question 17.