08/07/2014

TOPICS

GSM

Global System
for Mobiles
1

GSM CONCEPTS
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
GSM CHANNELS
GSM RADIO LINK
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
CALL MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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TOPICS

Telecom Basics

GSM CONCEPTS
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
GSM CHANNELS
GSM RADIO LINK
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
CALL MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Communication
o Voice and Data
o Analog and Digital
o Circuit Switched and Packet Switched
o Media - Copper Wire, Co-axial cable, Air, Optical
Fibre
o Networks -PSTN, ISDN, PDN and Mobile
Networks

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Background to GSM

1G : Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

2G : Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS)

2G : Global System for Mobile (GSM)

2G : Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Analog, Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD

GSM History

Digital, Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD

Digital, Circuit Switched, FDMA and TDMA, FDD
Digital, Circuit Switched, CDMA, FDD

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Development of the GSM

Standard
1982:

Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM)

created

1984:

Description of GSM features

1985:

List of recommendations settled

1987:

Initial MoU (Memorandum of

Understanding) aside the drafting
of technical specifications was
signed by network operators of 13
countries:

1988:

Validation and trials, of the radio

interface.

1991:

First system trials are

demonstrated at the Telecom 91
exhibition.

1992:

GSM Specifications

Official commercial launch of

GSM service in Europe. First
Launch in Finland

1993:

The GSM-MoU has 62

signatories in 39 countries
worldwide.

1995:

Specifications of GSM phase 2

are frozen.

1999:

GSM MoU joins 3GPP (UMTS)

GPRS Trials begins

2000:

480M GSM Network operators

Worldwide
First GPRS Networks roll out

12 SERIES
OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE

02 SERIES
SERVICE ASPECTS

11 SERIES
EQUIPMENT AND TYPE
APPROVAL SPECIFICATIONS

03 SERIES
NETWORK ASPECTS

10 SERIES
SERVICE INTERWORKING

04 SERIES
MS-BSS INTERFACE AND
PROTOCOLS

09 SERIES
NETWORK
INTERWORKING

05 SERIES
PHYSICAL LAYER ON THE
RADIO PATH.

08 SERIES
BSS TO MSC INTERFACES

End 2002: 792M GSM Net work

Operators Worldwide

01 SERIES
GENERAL

07 SERIES
TERMINAL ADAPTERS
FOR MOBILE STATIONS

06 SERIES
SPEECH CODING
SPECIFICATIONS

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Wireless Data Technology Options

Increasing GSM Data Rates
photo

E/GPRS

ISDN
PSTN

web

2M

video
clip

report

1M

video
report clip

photo

e-mail web

e-mail

Transmission Time

video
report clip

photo

web

e-mail

GSM

throughput kbps

UMTS

10 sec

web

photo

1 min

video
report clip

10 min

GPRS = General Packet Radio Service

HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

1 hour

EDGE

64 k

10 k

video
report clip

photo

100 k

1k

UMTS

HSCSD

14.4

GPRS

9.6

Time frame
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

GPRS = General Packet Radio Service

HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
10

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Circuit-Switched or PacketSwitched

What are the types in

GSM Network?

Circuit mode

GSM-900 (Channels 125 operating band 900Mhz

carrier spacing 200khz spacing 45Mhz)
A

Packet mode

GSM -1800 (Channels 374 spacing 95Mhz)

GHF

D
A
C

GHF

GSM -1900(Used in USA)

D
C
A
C

GHF

C
D
A

H
11

12

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Multiple Access
Technique

Duplex Technique

Multiple Access Achieved by dividing the available radio

frequency spectrum, so that multiple users can be given
access at the same time.
FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
o ( eg: GSM each Frequency channel is 200KHz)
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
o ( eg: GSM each frequency channel is divided into 8
timeslots)
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
o (eg: IS95- Each User data is coded with a unique
code)

13

Duplex - How the up link and Down link of a user is

separated
FDD - Frequency Division Duplex
o (eg:In GSM the up link and down link of a user is separated
by 45MHz )

TDD - Time Division Duplex

o (the up link and down link of a user will be at the same
frequency but at different Time )

14

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GSM System
specifications
Frequency band
Uplink
Downlink
Duplex Frequency Spacing
Carrier separation
Frequency Channels
Time Slots /Frame(Full Rate)
Voice Coder Bit Rate
Modulation
Air transmission rate
Access method
Speech Coder

Access Techniques

890 - 915 MHz

935 - 960MHz
45MHz
200KHz
124
8
13Kbps
GMSK
270.833333 Kbps
FDMA/TDMA
RPE-LTP-LPC

Uplink 890 MHz to 915 MHz

Down Link 935 MHz to 960 MHz
25 MHz divided into 125 channels of 200 KHz
bandwidth
UP

15

890.0

890.2

890.4

914.8

915.0

DOWN 935.0

935.2

935.4

959.8

960.0

16

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GSM in comparison with

other Standards

Access Techniques ...

Time Division Multiple Access
Each carrier frequency subdivided in time domain
into 8 time slots
Each mobile transmits data in a frequency, in its
particular time slot - Burst period = 0.577 milli secs.
8 time slots called a TDMA frame. Period is .577 * 8
= 4.616 milli secs
0.577 ms
0

4.616 ms

7
17

GSM gives mobility without any loss in Audio quality

Encryption techniques used gives high security in the air
Interface and also use of SIM.
Bit Interleaving for high efficiency in Transmission.
Variable Power (Power budgeting- extend battery life)
Minimum Interference.
Features-CCS7 Signaling
o SMS (Short Message Services)
o Emergency Calls
o CELL Broadcast
18

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GSM - Network
Structure

TOPICS
MS
Um

GSM CONCEPTS
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
GSM CHANNELS
GSM RADIO LINK
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
CALL MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

BTS

HLR

VLR
BSC
Abis

MSC
A

MS

AuC

GMSC

BTS
E
Abis
A

MSC

F
EIR

PSTN

BSC
Um
BTS

X.25
VLR
X.25
OMC Server

19

20

10

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GSM Architecture

GSM Network
SS
External
PSTN &
PDN N/W

VLR

Switching
System

AUC
HLR

VMSC

GSM
Air interface

EIR

B
S
C
Abis
interface

OMC

A
interface

TRAU

SMSC

HLR

AUC

MSC

PSTN

MSC
MS Mobile Station
BTS Base transceiver System
BSC Base Station Controller
MSC Mobile Switching Center
BSS BSC
HLR Home Location Register
VLR Visitor Location Register
BTS
EIR Equipment Identity Register
AUC Authentication Center
MS
OMC Operation And Maintenance Center

BTS
BTS

BTS

Base Station
System

BTS

VLR
EIR

OMCS

BTS
BTS

Mobile
Station
21

B
S
C

Network and switching

subsystem
OMCR

Base Station System

A interface SS7 / speech

X.25
SS7
22

11