Professional Documents
Culture Documents
presented by:
Mallika Arora (0021731605)
Sakshi Jain (0181731605)
Aditya Tognatta
Design Audit is an integrated system of tools and performance standards designed to help building designers assess and
improve the performance of whole building portfolios.
The Building Design Audit measures and documents the design and performance metrics of building systems, identifying
areas for improvement, and enabling better performance.
Site Planning
Solar Analysis
Energy efficiency
Natural Ventilation
Micro Climate Analysis
Building Envelope
External Shading
Optimum Window Ratio
Day lighting
Insulation etc.
as well as reconciling measured loads with the billed electrical demand for the building.
The results are benchmarked against all other anonymous results from completed Building Performance Audits.
This provides best practice standards, which can be used by building owners to direct the designers of new buildings and
retrofit projects.
BUILDING EFFICIENCY
DEFINITION
Percentage proportion of a buildings rentable area, not counting the area occupied by elevators, equipment, hallways, lobby,
restrooms, etc.
Net assignable area/gross area = efficiency ratio
This is used to determine the efficiency ratio of an existing plan
And ,
Gross area X Efficiency ratio = net assignable area
This is used when the gross area depending on available funds is known, and is used to determine the maximum affordable net
assignable area.
PRINCIPLE USES
programming phase
The first use occurs in the programming phase. The client and the architect are interested in the total cost of the project. That cost
depends on the total size of the building and is estimated by multiplying the gross square footage by an estimated cost per square
foot.
$ per square foot X total gross are = estimated total cost
design phase
The second use of building efficiencies occurs during the design phase. The proposed design is analyzed to determine how well it
responds to the program and how it compares with similar buildings.
post construction phase
After construction cost analysis and efficiency studies are used to aid the designer in future projects.
PROGRAMMING PHASE
Determining the total building cost
The building efficiency ratio is determined by analysis of similar projects. For example assume that the total net assignable area for
an elementary school if 3500o square feet. Assume that our analysis of other elementary schools found them to run between 62%
and 66% efficient that is 62 to 66% of total gross area is net assignable space. Taking an average of 66%, we get
35000 sq ft/ 0.64 = 54688 sq ft
Clients who have not been through a building process before are dismayed to see that they have to pay for so much gross square
footage in order to get the net assignable square footage they needed. An understanding of efficiency studies can help the client
put his project into perspective.
SOFTWARE
MAKE/TYPE
APPLICATION
1.
Microsoft visio
Microsoft
windows XP
Ecotect
Microsoft
windows XP
eQUEST 3-5
Energy design
resources,
DOE, US
eVALUator
Energy design
resources,
DOE, US
S.NO
SOFTWARE
MAKE/TYPE
APPLICATION
5.
CalcuLuX
5 DIALux
CalcuLuX Philips
5 DIALux Philips
MATLAB 6.5
Mathworks,
Inc
PHAST
Energy design
resources,
DOE, US
I. EXTERNAL LOAD
Envelope
Ventilation
I. INTERNAL LOAD
People
Equipment
II.
SOLAR ANALYSIS
III.
SHADOW PATTERNS
IV.
V.
NATURAL VENTILATION
X.
DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
Daylight Factor
Calculation
Artificial Lighting Design
Day Lighting Analysis
Reflection & Glare
Analysis
ECOTECT
It couples an intuitive 3-D design interface with a comprehensive set of performance analysis functions and interactive
information displays.
Fundamentally, there are three main reasons to consider ECOTECT as part of your analysis workflow:
More importantly, you can also use generative functions as you design, allowing you to automatically shape shading devices given
specific performance parameters or even interactively spraying acoustic rays to accurately position reflectors.
CASE STUDY I :
ENERGY AUDIT OF FORTIS HOSPITAL , SHALIMAR BAGH, NEW DELHI
ANALYSIS RESULT
BUILDING DESIGN
By giving the L shape configuration, the width of the floor plate is reduced for the same amount of floor plate area, thereby
allowing natural light to penetrate deep into the interior spaces.
The building is a composition of three parts :
1.
Two office wings are held together by a central atrium that as an ensemble creates a large l-shaped figure focused
on an exterior landscaped court.
2.
The l-shape blocking ensures that part of the faade is always shaded. The l-shape office wings end into
hexagonal ends that make a very strong presence on the approach roads.
3.
The atrium joins the different functions of the building and connects them into an ensemble. Encouraging a sense of
community and interaction.
The octagonal atrium has side light from the top to provide a glare free natural lighting in the interior without
allowing direct heat gain from the roof.
Interior roller shades to reduce heat gain.
SUSTAINABLE SITE
1. Alternative Transportation: Parking, shower & changing facilities for bicyclists, pool cars with charging facility.
2. Storm Water Management: Rainwater recharge pits to ensure zero discharge into municipal drainage.
3. Heat Island Effect: 80% underground parking. More than 75% of the terrace has been insulated and coated with the reflective high albedo
roof paint.
4. Light Pollution Reduction: Minimum exterior lighting to limit night sky pollution.
B) WATER EFFICIENCY
1. Water Efficient Landscaping: Native plants,high efficiency irrigation system and 100% recycled water for irrigation.
2. Innovative Waste Water Technologies:
Fluidised Aerobic Bioreactors (FAB) sewage treatment plant provided.
3. Water Use Reduction: 40% reduction in water usage over base case.
C) ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE
1. Energy: Exceeds ASHRAE 90.1 base casestandards by 51%.
2. Envelope: External wall of 250mm thickness.
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks, double glazed windows, 75mm-thick extruded polystyrene roof insulation.
3. HVAC: Chillers of COP 6.1, double skinned AHUs, VFDs, VAVs, Heat Recovery Wheel.
4. Hot Water: Solar thermal technology.
5. Ozone Depletion: All HVAC equipment
are free from CFC / HCFC / Halons.
2.
WATER EFFICIENCY
( 5 credits )
The Indian green building council was formed in 2001,ever since its formation the member quickly realized that one of the priorities for
sustainable building industry to flourish in India is by having a system to define and measure GREEN BUILDING.
The first LEED INDIA rating program, referred as LEED INDIA VERSION 1.0. during green building congress conference in October
2006.
This system is now called the LEED INDIA GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM FOR NEW COMMERCIAL
CONSTRUCTION or LEED INDIA NC.
LEED INDIA CORE & SHELL was launched in green building congress in September 2007.
It evaluates environmental performance from a whole building perspective over a buildings life cycle, providing a definite standard for what
constitutes a GREEN BUILDING.
The rating system is organized into five natural elements :LEED India
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-INDIA) Green Building Rating System is a nationally and internationally accepted
benchmark for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings.
LEED-INDIA provides building owners, architects, consultants, developers, facility managers and project managers the tools they need to design,
construct and operate green buildings.
LEED-INDIA promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in the following five key areas:
GRIHA India
GRIHA, an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment,
is the National Rating System of India.
It has been conceived by TERI and developed jointly with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India.
It is a green building 'design evaluation system', and is suitable for all kinds of buildings in different climatic zones of the country.
Going by the old adage what gets measured, gets managed, GRIHA attempts to quantify aspects such as energy consumption, waste generation,
renewable energy adoption, etc. so as to manage, control and reduce the same to the best possible extent.
The Basics(Benefits of following GRIHA rating system)
Up to 30% reduction in energy consumption
Limited waste generation due to recycling
Less consumption of water
Reduced pollution load & liability
THE BASIC FEATURES
The system has been developed to help design and evaluate new buildings (buildings that are still at the inception stages). A building is assessed
based on its predicted performance over its entire life cycle inception through operation. The stages of the life cycle that have been identified for
evaluation are:
Pre-construction stage (intra- and inter-site issues like proximity to public transport, type of soil, kind of land, where the property is located, the
flora and fauna on the land before construction activity starts, the natural landscape and land features)
Building planning and construction stages (issues of resource conservation and reduction in resource demand, resource utilization efficiency,
resource recovery and reuse, and provisions for occupant health and well being). The prime resources that are considered in this section are land,
water, energy, air, and green cover.
Building operation and maintenance stage (issues of operation and maintenance of building systems and processes, monitoring and recording of
energy consumption, and occupant health and well being, and also issues that affect the global and local environment).
Rating System
GRIHA rating system consists of 34 criteria categorized under various sections such as Site Selection and Site Planning, Conservation and
efficient utilization of resources, Building operation and maintenance, and Innovation points.
Eight of these 34 criteria are mandatory, four are partly mandatory, while the rest are optional. Each criterion has a number of points assigned to
it.
It means that a project intending to meet the criterion would qualify for the points. Different levels of certification (one star to five stars) are
awarded based on the number of points earned.
The minimum points required for certification is 50.
Criteria of the Rating System
Scoring points for GRIHA
Evaluation procedure of criterion of GRIHA
CRITERIA OF THE RATING SYSTEM
Objective To maximize the conservation and utilization of resources (land, water, natural habitat, fauna, and energy conservation) and enhance
efficiency of the systems and operations.
Criterion 1 Site Selection
Commitment Site selection is the first step to a sustainable habitat and needs to be done appropriately, prior to commencement of design phase.
Site selection and analysis should be carried out to create living spaces that are in harmony with the local environment. The development of a
project should not cause damage to the natural surroundings of the site but, in fact, should try to improve it by restoring its balance.
Commitment The natural functions of a plot of land (hydrologic, geologic, and microclimatic) can be disrupted by the placement of a
building on it. The design of a green building will factor in ways in which the natural site features can be protected or even restored.
Criterion 5 Reduce hard paving on-site and /or provide shaded hard - paved surfaces.
Commitment Reduce hard paving on-site (open areas surrounding building premises) to minimize the imperviousness of the site and/or
provide shade on hard-paved surfaces to minimize the heat island effect on site.
TERI
TERI was formally established in 1974 with the purpose of tackling and dealing with the immense and acute problems that mankind is
likely to face within in the years ahead on account of the gradual depletion of the earth's finite energy resources which are largely nonrenewable and on account of the existing methods of their use which are polluting.
Over the years the Institute has developed a wider interpretation of this core purpose and its application.
Consequently, TERI has created an environment that is enabling, dynamic and inspiring for the development of solutions to global
problems in the fields of energy, environment and current patterns of development, which are largely unsustainable.
The Institute has grown substantially over the years, particularly, since it launched its own research activities and established a base in New
Delhi, its registered headquarters.
The central element of TERIs philosophy has been its reliance on entrepreneurial skills to create benefits for society through the
development and dissemination of intellectual property.
OBJECTIVE:
TERI has developed a range of technologies that have created new paradigms of development underlining the sustainable use of natural
resources, and are proven for their effectiveness and economic viability.
DESIGN ELEMENTS:
LANDSCAPING
TREES(a study shows that the ambient air under a tree adjacent to a wall is about 2-2.5 C lower that unshaded areas)
RATIO OF BUILT FORM TO OPEN SPACES
Surface to volume ratio-For any given building volume, the more compact the shape, the less wasteful it is in gaining
heat.