Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This directive controls the way that the building will be used and
the equipment and systems needed to safeguard the occupants.
The legal requirement is that - Emergency routes and exits
requiring illumination must be provided with emergency lighting of
adequate intensity in case the lighting fails. The law is explained
and the rules for compliance are given in a joint Home Office and
Health & Safety Executive document - FIRE SAFETY - An employers
guide. Main points from the guide are:
Any site with five or more employees must keep a formal record
of Fire Risk Assessment. This should evaluate the site and detail
the measures taken to ensure the safety of the premises
If the premises already have a fire certificate to the latest
standards the employer still needs to provide a risk assessment,
but it is unlikely that they will need any additional equipment.
If however the fire certificate was issued prior to 1999, when
BS 5266-1 was revised, the risk assessment needs to check
whether improvements are needed to meet the latest standard
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Evaluate the risks to check whether existing fire safety measures are adequate, including:
- Control of ignition and fuel sources
- Fire detection and warning
- Means of escape and the provision of emergency lighting
- Means of fighting fire
- Maintenance and testing of fire precautions
- Fire safety training of employees
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Keep the assessment under review - revise provisions if the situation changes
441
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
From this directive there are a number of points that are of major
importance to emergency lighting system design.
442
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
In addition to fire safety legislation, some workplaces require a
licence from the Local Authority, including theatres and cinemas,
sport stadiums and premises for public entertainment, music,
dancing, gambling and the sale of alcohol. Other premises must
be registered with the Local Authority and be inspected by the Fire
Authority, including nursing homes, children's homes, residential
care homes and independent schools. Both licensed and registered
premises have to pass a fire inspection to confirm that they have
systems complying with BS 5266-1 for the emergency lighting and
BS 5839 for fire equipment. Records of a system are now essential
to maintain the validity of approvals and licences.
DESIGN OBJECTIVE
BS 5266, when referring to the provision of Escape Lighting in
section 4.2, requires that when the supply to all or part of the
normal lighting in occupied premises fails, escape lighting is
required to fulfil the following function:
(a) To indicate clearly and unambiguously the escape routes.
(b) To provide illumination along such routes to allow safe
movement towards and through the exits provided.
(c) To ensure that fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment
provided along escape routes can be readily located.
(d) To permit operations concerned with safety measures.
BS 5266-1 recommends that discussions should be held prior
to commencing the design, to establish the areas to be covered,
the method of operation, the testing regime and the most suitable
type of system. These discussions should include the owner or
occupier of the premises, the system designer, the installer,
the supplier of the equipment and the fire authority.
Note: BS5266 will be revised during 2004 following the
publication of EN50172. For up to date information visit our
website at www.cooper-ls.com. Alternatively visit the British
Standards Institute website, at www.bsi-global.com
STAGE 1
LOCATE LUMINAIRES AT MANDATORY POINTS OF EMPHASIS
Initial design is conducted by situating luminaires to reveal specific hazards and highlight safety equipment and signs, in addition to
providing illumination to assist safe travel along the escape route. This should be performed regardless of whether it is an emergency
escape route or an open (anti-panic) area. Only when this is accomplished should the type of luminaire or its light output be considered.
BS5266 Pt 7: 1999 requires that the luminaires sited at points of emphasis must comply with BS EN 60 598-2-22.
Specific locations where a luminaire must be provided are:
443
444
EXIT
EXIT
<200 x h
<100 x h
Illumination requirements
The sign must conform to the colours of ISO 3864, which defines that exit and first aid signs must be white with green as the contrast
colour. The ratio of luminance of the white colour to the green colour must be between 5:1 and 15:1. The minimum luminance of any
10mm patch area on the sign must be greater than 2cd/m2 and the ratio of maximum to minimum luminance shall be less than 10:1 for
either colour
min luminance = 2cd/m2
ratio of luminance shall be
less than 10:1 for either colour
Note: Internally illuminated exit signs are pre-tested to ensure they meet these requirements, provided that they comply with EN 60598-2-22.
If the sign is designed to be externally illuminated, considerable care must be taken by the system designer to see that these conditions are met.
Even though an emergency luminaire must be sited within 2 metres from the sign (see stage 1) calculations should still be made to check that
the sign is adequately illuminated.
STAGE 3
LOCATE LUMINAIRES AT THE FOLLOWING ESSENTIAL AREAS IN THE BUILDINGS
Locate luminaires at the following essential areas in the buildings.
These locations are not part of the escape route but because of their risk they require protection by emergency lighting.
445
446
PHOTOMETRIC DATA
Britelite
Luminaire Mounting
type
height (m)
Lux level
directly
under
0.5L
0.5L
0.5L
0.5L
Self-contained
NM
2.5
3.28
3.9
11.3
4.0
2.0
4.0
1.28
2.1
9.6
5.6
1.2
3.3
14.8
7.2
1.9
6.0
0.57
1.6
4.0
12.4
12.0
7.4
6.0
0.8
1.9
2.5
2.75
3.3
10.7
5.2
1.8
3.7
11.7
5.8
1.8
4.0
1.07
1.5
8.0
5.0
0.7
3.5
14.2
7.0
1.7
6.0
0.48
11m
22m
ceiling 2.5m
11m
11m
11m
STAGE 5
OPEN (ANTI-PANIC) CORE AREAS
Areas larger than 60m2, open areas with an escape route passing through them, or hazards identified by the building risk assessment all
require emergency lighting. The current standard is easy to design for and to verify, promoting systems that provide good uniformity rather than
ones that use a few large output luminaires.
Light Level Requirements
BS5266 Pt 7/EN1838 - 4.3 calls for 0.5 lux minimum of
the empty core area, which excludes a border of 0.5m of the
perimeter of the area. Spacing tables or a suitable computer
program provide simple and accurate data that can easily be
used. The spacing tables for 0.5 lux are de-rated on the same
basis as those for escape routes. They can also be used as a
guide for initial selection of the location of luminaires when
using a computer program
447
Spacing data
Specific data is available for self-contained dedicated
emergency luminaires. This can be found on each of the
individual product entries in this catalogue and repeated in
the section after this design guide.
0.5L
0.5L
0.5L
0.5L
STAGE 7
CONTROL
DESIGN PROCEDURES
448
L
N
Normal lighting
Emergency lighting
STAGE 7 (contd)
MANUAL TESTING
MAINTENANCE
Finally, to ensure that the system remains at full operational status,
essential servicing should be defined. This normally would be
performed as part of the testing routine, but in the case of
consumable items such as replacement lamps, spares should be
provided for immediate use.
EasiCheck Panel
449
Intellem Programmer
Intellem
Designed for use with self-contained emergency luminaires,
Intellem is a stand alone self-test system for small to medium
sized installations. Intellem is available in two options. In the
basic format, Self Check, the testing module self calibrates and
carries out testing at predetermined intervals. Faults are
precisely reported by an audible alarm and the flashing
sequence of the LED indicator. The enhanced Intellem Infra-Red
option adds the benefits of flexible test set up, luminaire status
interrogation and initiation of manual tests, all via a hand held
programmer. Both options also continuously monitor the
emergency luminaires, reporting faults as soon as they occur.
COMMISSIONING CERTIFICATE
EasiCheck
Particularly suited to medium to large sized installations,
EasiCheck is a versatile addressable emergency lighting
system that uses a central control panel to perform automatic
test schedules, initiate manual tests and download event logs
and test reports. It is available for use with both self-contained
luminaires and central power systems. EasiCheck continuously
monitors the emergency circuit, reporting faults as soon as they
occur. Up to 63 panels can be networked together, ensuring
EasiCheck can be utilised in the largest of projects of up to
15,750 emergency luminaires. It also has advanced software
options for PC monitoring and control.
i
a,b,c,f&k
m
x
x
Acid bath
4
Plant room
Workshop (iv)
450
c&h
h&f
x
d
x
Office (iii)
x
Office (i)
Office (ii)
Lift
b&e
e&h
e&h
2
Toilet
Escalator
Lobby
a,b & c
i
WIRING INSTALLATION
Stage 1
Locate luminaires at points of emphasis on escape route
a At each exit door
b To illuminate exit and safety signs
c Near call points (some covered by a.)
d Near each staircase
e Change of direction (covered by b.)
f Near fire fighting equipment (covered by a.)
g Change of floor level
h Near intersection of escape routes
i Outside final exits
k Near first aid points
Stage 3
Other areas, which require emergency lighting but are not on the
escape route area.
1 Lift car
2 Toilet (above 8m2 floor area)
3 Escalators
4 Plant room
Stage 4
Check minimum illuminance levels on the escape routes.
After selecting a suitable luminaire, e.g. Britelite, consulting the
spacing table shows the number of fittings needed to provide a
minimum of 1 lux on the centre line of the escape routes.
to mains lighting
tamper proof
test switch
Stage 5
Anti-panic open areas (x) apply to any areas over 60m2 floor
area, or that have an escape route passing through them.
(i) Office over 60m2
- 3 x Britelite
(ii) Office under 60m2
- no requirement
(iii) Under 60m2, but part of escape route from office (ii)
- 2 x Britelite fittings, either as compartment of escape route or
an open anti-panic area
(iv) Workshop 4m high
- 3 x Britelite + 1 x DQX - 5 cell conversion unit for high risk
(m) or 4 x DQX - 5 cell conversion units (Use of conversion
units is dependent on suitable mains luminaires being used).
Stage 6
High risk lighting requirement for an acid bath (m) is included in
the design for stage 5. If a conversion of a mains luminaire is not
suitable, a high power tungsten projector, such as Beamlite could
be used instead.
451
to additional
emergency luminaires
N
L
non-maintained emergency
luminaire
to mains lighting
tamper proof
test switch
to additional
emergency luminaires
N
L1
L2
maintained lighting
control switch
Wiring details
maintained
emergency luminaire
Stage 2
Exit sign location is covered by Stage 1, but it is important to
check that maximum viewing distances are not exceeded and that
if the normal lighting is dimmed, e.g. in cinemas, the exit signs
must be permanently illuminated while the building is occupied
(maintained lighting).