Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Drives
and
700H Adjustable Frequency
AC Drives
Frame 9 (132 -160 KW / 200-250 HP)
Table of Contents
Important User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Preface
Overview
Who Should Use this Manual? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What is in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What is Not in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reference Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Manual Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional Support Available on Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
P-1
P-1
P-2
P-2
P-3
P-3
P-4
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-5
Chapter 3
Access Procedures
Torque Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Opening Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Removing the DPI / HIM Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Removing 700S Control Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Removing the 700S Voltage Feedback Circuit Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Removing the 700S Power Interface Circuit Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Removing the 700H I/O Boards and Control Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Removing the 700H Fiber Optic Adapter Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Removing the Control Frame and Cross Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Removing the EMC-Protection Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Removing the Power Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Removing the Rectifying Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Removing the Main Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Removing the Fan Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Removing Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Removing the AC-Choke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
Chapter 4
4-1
4-2
4-4
4-5
4-5
4-6
Appendix A
Appendix B
Schematics
put Conditioning Circuitry for Drives with AC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Circuitry for 700S Drives with AC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Circuitry for 700S Drives with DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Circuitry for 700H Drives with AC Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Circuitry for 700H Drives with DC Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circuit Board Connections for 700S Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circuit Board Connections for 700H Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fan Power Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix C
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
B-8
Preface
Overview
Cat No.
20D
300 N 0 NNNBNNNN
UL Open Type/IP00
Cat No.
20D
300 N 0 NNNBNNNN
UL Open Type/IP00
540V
650V
Normal Duty Power
160 kW
250 kW
132 kW
200 kW
Heavy Duty Power
Input: DC,
DC Voltage Range
462 - 594 583 - 713
350
350
Amps
Output: 3 Phase, 0 - 320Hz
0 - 400
0 - 460
AC Voltage Range
50 Hz
60 Hz
Base Hz (default)
300/245
300/245
Continuous Amps
330/368
330/368
1 Min Overload Amps
450/490
450/490
2 Sec Overload Amps
MFD. in 1989 on Nov 9
Series: A
Standard I/O: NONE
Original Firmware No. 2.04
UL
US
LISTED
IND CONT EQ
9D42
Frame #: 9
L1
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
2622381652
540V
160 kW
Normal Duty Power
132 kW
Heavy Duty Power
Input: DC,
462 - 594
DC Voltage Range
350
Amps
Output: 3 Phase, 0 - 320Hz
0 - 400
AC Voltage Range
Base Hz (default)
50 Hz
Continuous Amps
300/245
1 Min Overload Amps
330/368
450/490
2 Sec Overload Amps
MFD. in 1989 on Nov 9
Series: A
650V
250 kW
200 kW
C
583 - 713
350
UL
0 - 460
60 Hz
300/245
330/368
450/490
Frame #: 9
US
LISTED
IND CONT EQ
9D42
2622381652
p-2
Overview
This manual does not contain in depth fault information for troubleshooting.
That information is available in publications 20C-PM001, Programming
Manual - PowerFlex 700H Adjustable Frequency AC Drive, PFLEX-IN006,
Installation Instructions - PowerFlex 700S and 700H Adjustable Frequency
AC Drive and 20D-UM001, User Manual - PowerFlex 700S High
Performance AC Drive.
Reference Materials
Publication
DRIVES-IN001...
SGI-1.1
0100-2.10
8000-4.5.2
Publication
20C-PM001...
20D-UM001...
20D-IN001...
20D-IN004...
20D-IN005...
20D-IN006...
PFLEX-IN006...
PFLEX-RM001...
PFLEX-RM002...
Publication
20D-UM002...
20D-IN002...
20D-IN007...
1788-IN002...
1788-IN005...
Overview
Understanding Manual
Conventions
p-3
Terms
The following words are used throughout the manual to describe an action:
Word
Can
Cannot
May
Must
Shall
Should
Should Not
Meaning
Possible, able to do something
Not possible, not able to do something
Permitted, allowed
Unavoidable, you must do this
Required and necessary
Recommended
Not recommended
Cross References
Figure 2.2 on page 2-6 is a cross reference to figure 2.2 on page 5 of
Chapter 2.
Figure C.1 on page C-2 is a cross reference to figure C.1 on page 2 of
Appendix C.
Additional Support
Available on Internet
p-4
Overview
General Precautions
!
!
Chapter
1-2
Clear and complete fault reports are critical for analysis and repair of
modules returned to the factory.
At a minimum perform, and record the following:
Record the contents of the fault queue (faults and times of occurrence)
Make record of any burn marks on the rectifying module, DC-capacitors,
inverter bridge, charging resistors, balancing/precharging resistors,
printed circuit boards, bus bars, cabling and fiber-optic cabling
Make record of any liquid and condensation marks on printed circuit
boards, components and mechanical parts
Make record of the amount of dust and other additional particles on drive
and drive components
Make record of any mechanical damage to the drive and drive
components
Record the size and type of main fuses
Record any other important marks and damage
Fault
HiHp In PhaseLs
No.
65
66
67
68
69
70
Description
AC Input Phase Loss - AC voltage is
not present on one or two input
phases.
Fault
HiHp Drv OvrLoad
No.
71
Description
Drive Overload - the circuit board on
the Power Module has detected an
overload.
72
73
74
Name
Power Loss
No.
3
UnderVoltage
Description
DC bus voltage remained below
[Power Loss Volts] for longer than
[Power Loss Time]. Enable/Disable
with [Fault Config 1]. For more
information refer to publication
20C-PM001, Programming Manual PowerFlex 700H.
DC bus voltage fell below the
minimum value of 333V for 400/480V
drives and 461V for 600/ 690V drives.
Enable/Disable with [Fault Config 1].
For more information refer to
publication 20C-PM001,
Programming Manual - PowerFlex
700H.
1-3
1-4
Name
OverVoltage
No.
5
Input Phase
10
OutPhasMissng
11
Ground Fault
13
InverterFault
14
System Fault
16
Load Loss
Power Unit
46
70
Description
DC bus voltage exceeded maximum
value.
Diagnostic Procedures by
Symptom
1-5
Disconnect Motor
Leads
Perform Forward
Diode Tests on
Rectifying Module
Rectifying
Module
OK?
No
Replace
Rectifying
Module
Power
Module
OK?
No
Replace
Power
Module
Capacitors
OK?
No
Replace
Capacitors
Motor and
Lead Resistances
> 1 Mohm?
No
Remedy Motor
and Lead
Problems
Are There
Any Line to
Load Shorts?
Yes
Replace
AC
Choke
Yes
Perform Forward
Diode Tests on
Power Module
Yes
Examine Bus
Capacitors for
Charring and
Damaged Reliefs
Yes
Yes
Disconnect AC
Choke from
Rectifying Module
No
Are There
Any Line to
Line Shorts?
No
Yes
Reconnect
AC
Choke
Reconnect
Motor
Leads
1-6
No Output Voltage
Use this procedure when there is not voltage present at the drive output
terminals, even though the drive indicates the motor is running:
DC Bus
Voltage within
Specification?
Measure DC Bus
Voltage
Perform forward
diode tests on
Rectifying Module
No
Rectifying
Module OK?
No
Replace Rectifying
Module
No
Replace
Capacitors
Yes
Examine Bus
Capacitors for
Charring and
Damaged Reliefs
Yes
Capacitors
OK?
Yes
Measure Power
Supply Voltages
Voltages within
Specification?
Replace Power
Supply
No
Yes
Check Board
Connections
Does Drive
Run?
No
Does Drive
Run?
Replace Main
Control Board
No
Replace Power
Interface Board
(on 700S)
Does Drive
Run?
No
Replace Voltage
Feedback Board
(on 700S)
1-7
No HIM Display
Use this procedure when the HIM does not function:
Measure DC Bus
Voltage
DC Bus
Voltage within
Specification?
No
Perform forward
diode tests on
Rectifying Module
Rectifying
Module OK?
No
Replace Rectifying
Module
No
Replace
Capacitors
Yes
Examine Bus
Capacitors for
Charring and
Damaged Reliefs
Yes
Capacitors
OK?
Yes
Yes
Measure Power
Supply on X4 of
DPI Circuit Board
Voltage
Equal 12V dc?
Replace Voltage
Feedback Board
(on 700S)
No
Yes
Replace Output
Power Module
(on 700H)
Does HIM
Function?
No
Replace HIM
1-8
Over-Temperature Faults
Use this procedure to troubleshoot drive over-temperature faults (14 - Inv
Otemp Pend and 15 - Inv Otemp Trip in 700S or 8 - Heatsink OvrTemp and
9 - Trnsistr OvrTemp in 700H):
Check Surrounding
Air Temperature
Temperature
Exceeds
Specification?
Yes
Provide
Additional Airflow
or Air Conditioning
Current
Exceeds
Specification?
Yes
Reduce Load or
Procure a Drive
With a Higher
Rating
Frequency Too
High for Lead Length
and Surrounding
Temp?
Yes
Lower PWM
Frequency
Proper Space
At Inlet?
No
Remedy
Spacing at
Inlet
Yes
Remove
Air Flow
Blockages
No
Check Motor
Current and Load
Levels
No
Check PWM
Frequency
No
Yes
Airlflow
Blockages?
No
Fan
Running
Properly?
Yes
Power Voltage
Equals Bus
Voltage?
No
Connection
Good?
No
Repair
Connection
Output Equals
50 Hz / 220V rms?
No
Replace
Fan Inverter
Yes
Replace
Fan Motor
No
Check Power
Voltage on Fan
Inverter
Yes
Check Connection
Between Power
Module Circuit
Board and Fan
Inverter
Yes
Check Fan
Inverter Output on
X1, X4 and X5
Yes
Check Fan Motor
for Short and
Open Circuits
No
Contact
Allen-Bradley
Drives
Technical
Support
Chapter
2-2
DC-
L1
L2
L3
L1
DC+/R+
L2
L3
R-
2-3
0.450V 0.075V
0.335V 0.075V
If the drive does not contain the brake chopper option, the DC+/R+
terminal will be labeled DC+.
0.290V 0.075V
2-4
2-5
Resistance
18 1
2-6
J9
J5
J1
X13
X6
X10
X11
X12
X13: Pin 1
(24V dc Common)
X13: Pin 5
(24V dc Power)
X10: Pin 1
X11: Pin 1
X12: Pin 1
DC Test Power
Supply ON
~ 0.5V
~ .5V
~ .5V
DC Test Power
Supply OFF
OL
OL
OL
2-7
2-8
Resistance 5%
62
36
27
Checking Capacitors
Checking AC-Choke
2-9
2-10
Checking Terminals
Chapter
Access Procedures
Torque Specifications
Screw
Torque Final
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
MM4 x 8 Pozidrive
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
M3 x 6 Phillips
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
M3 x 6 Phillips
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
M3 x 6 Phillips
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
M3 x 0.5 thread - 37 mm x 0.9 N-m
37 mm hex standoff
(8 lb.-in.)
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
3-2
Access Procedures
Item
700S Power Interface Circuit Board
(mounting)
700H Control Board (mounting)
Screw
M3 x 6 Phillips
M3 x 5 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
Conduit (mounting)
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
MOV (mounting)
M4 x 30 Phillips
M6 x 14 hexagonal screw
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M8 nut
M8 x 25 hexagonal screw
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M4 x 40 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M8 x 20 hexagonal screw
M8 x 20 hexagonal screw
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M6 x 14 Pozidrive
M8 x 20 hexagonal screw
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
M6 x 16 Pozidrive
M6 x 14 Pozidrive
M6 x 20 Pozidrive
M8 x 20 hexagonal screw
M5 x 10 Pozidrive
M5 x 10 Pozidrive
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
Torque Final
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
14 N-m
(124 lb.-in.)
17 N-m
(151 lb.-in.)
9 N-m
(80 lb.-in.)
20 N-m
(177 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
5 N-m
(44 lb.-in.)
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
9 N-m
(80 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
1.8 N-m
(15 lb.-in.)
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
10 N-m
(89 lb.-in.)
Access Procedures
Item
Brake chopper (terminals)
Brake chopper Bus Bar (terminal)
Rectifier (mounting)
Brake chopper (mounting)
Rectifying board
AC-choke (upper plate mounting)
Control Bracket (mounting)
AC-choke (mounting)
Motor and AC Line Terminals
Terminal Strip Assembly (mounting)
Screw
Torque Final
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
M8 x 20 hexagonal screw 10 N-m
(89 lb.-in.)
M6 x 20 Pozidrive
5 N-m
(44 lb.-in.)
M6 x 14 Pozidrive
5N-m
(44 lb.-in.)
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
1.5 N-m
(13 lb.-in.)
M8 x 8 Pozidrive
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
M4 x 8 Pozidrive
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
M5 x 10 Pozidrive
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
M8 nut
20 N-m
(177 lb.-in.)
M5 x 10 Pozidrive
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
M5 x 12 Pozidrive
PZ2
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
Tightening Torque
3-3
3-4
Access Procedures
Opening Drive
Opening
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Remove Connection cover
L1
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
(8 Screws)
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
L1
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
Access Procedures
(3 Screws)
L1
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
Closing
The covers may be replaced and removed in any order.
3-5
3-6
Access Procedures
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Power Cover from
the drive.
Important: Before removing connections and wires, mark the connections
and wires to avoid incorrect wiring during assembly.
4. Remove two screws from front of DPI / HIM assembly.
Screws
P1
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
5. Open the door, which holds the DPI interface and HIM.
6. Unplug the DPI cable from X2 connector on the DPI Interface Circuit
Board.
X2
X4
7. Unplug the cable from X4 connector on the circuit board (on 700S drives
only).
Access Procedures
3-7
8. Remove four mounting screws and the assembly from the Control
Frame.
Mounting Screws
P1
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
Installation
Install the DPI / HIM Assembly in reverse order of removal, while referring
to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
3-8
Access Procedures
Removal
J2
J7
Captive Screw
Access Procedures
Installation
Install the 700S Control Assembly in reverse order of removal, while
referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
3-9
3-10
Access Procedures
Removal
J2
J1
J4
J5
Shield
Standoffs
(5)
Screws
(4)
3 mm
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
P1
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
Access Procedures
3-11
Installation
Install the Voltage Feedback Circuit Board in reverse order of removal,
while referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
3-12
Access Procedures
Removal
Screws
(5)
P1
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
Fiber-Optic
Sockets
Access Procedures
3-13
Installation
Install the 700S Power Interface Circuit Board in reverse order of removal,
while referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
3-14
Access Procedures
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Power Cover,
Connection Cover and Conduit Cover from the drive.
4. Open the enclosure that contains the Control and I/O Boards and
carefully unplug the DPI cable and any I/O cables.
5. Remove the I/O Boards from the Control Board and enclosure. Note the
order of the boards and the keys which prevent placement of boards in
incorrect slots.
Do not remove enclosure cover.
Enclosure is illustrated without
the cover for clarity.
Keys
X2
(Slot A)
X3
(Slot B)
X4
(Slot C)
X5
(Slot D)
X6
(Slot E)
Access Procedures
3-15
7. Remove the three screws which secure the Control Assembly to the
drive.
Do not remove enclosure cover.
Enclosure is illustrated without
the cover for clarity.
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
Installation
Install the 700H Control and I/O Boards in reverse order of removal, while
referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Power Cover,
Connection Cover and Conduit Cover from the drive.
4. Referring to Removing the 700H I/O Boards and Control Assembly on
page 3-14, remove the I/O boards and Control Assembly.
5. Remove the Control Frame while referring to Removing the Control
Frame and Cross Plate on page 3-17.
3-16
Access Procedures
6. Remove the four screws which secure the Fiber Optic Adapter bracket to
the drive.
PZ2
0.9 N-m
(8 lb.-in.)
PZ3
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
7
6
5
X7
Connects to
Main Control
Board
4
3
2
1
X2
Connects to
24V dc Power
Access Procedures
3-17
9. Carefully disconnect the fiber-optic cables from right side of the circuit
board, and carefully set them aside.
Installation
Install the 700H Fiber Optic Adapter Board in reverse order of removal,
while referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Power Cover,
Connection Cover and Conduit Cover from the drive.
4. Referring to Removing the DPI / HIM Assembly on page 3-6, remove
the DPI / HIM assembly.
5. If removing a Control Frame from a DC input drive with precharge
interlock, disconnect the wiring from terminal strip X50.
Important: Before removing connections and wires, mark the connections
and wires to avoid incorrect wiring during assembly.
3-18
Access Procedures
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
Access Procedures
13.Disconnect the Cross Plate Fan (if present), MOV and ground wires.
P2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
6 mm
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
3-19
3-20
Access Procedures
Installation
Install the Control Frame and Cross Plate in reverse order of removal, while
referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
Removing the
EMC-Protection Plate
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Power Cover,
Connection Cover and Conduit Cover from the drive.
4. Referring to Removing the DPI / HIM Assembly on page 3-6, remove
the DPI / HIM assembly.
5. Referring to Removing the Control Frame and Cross Plate on page 3-17,
remove the Control Frame and Cross Plate.
6. Disconnect the internal DC Bus wires from the DC Bus terminals at the
top of the drive.
13 mm
14 N-m
(124 lb.-in.)
Access Procedures
6 mm
17 N-m
(151 lb.-in.)
8. Disconnect the output cables from the top of the Power Module.
6 mm
9 N-m
(80 lb.-in.)
3-21
3-22
Access Procedures
9. Remove four screws which secure the EMI-Protection Plate to the drive.
Also remove the two screws which secure the common mode inductors.
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
Access Procedures
3-23
Installation
3-24
Access Procedures
7. Disconnect all of the cables from the Power Module circuit board.
X6
X11
X9
X10
1
X5
X8 X15
X1
X7
Access Procedures
3-25
8. Remove the six screws which connect the Power Module to the DC Bus
bars.
Remove
PZ2
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
PZ3
5 N-m
(44 lb.-in.)
Remove
9. Remove the three fastening screws at the top of the Power Module.
10.Loosen (4-5 turns), but do not remove the three fastening screws at the
bottom of the Power Module.
3-26
Access Procedures
11.Install the RT1 tool on the Power Module and remove the module from
the drive.
Access Procedures
3-27
Installation
Install the Power Module in reverse order of removal, while referring to
Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Power Cover,
Connection Cover and Conduit Cover from the drive.
4. Referring to Removing the DPI / HIM Assembly on page 3-6, remove
the DPI / HIM assembly.
5. Referring to Removing the Control Frame and Cross Plate on page 3-17,
remove the Control Frame and Cross Plate.
6. Referring to Removing the EMC-Protection Plate on page 3-20, remove
the EMC-Protection Plate.
7. Remove the three-phase AC wiring from the Rectifying Module. Also
remove the Brake Chopper Cable, if present.
AC Wiring
J9
J5
J1
6 mm
9 N-m
(80 lb.-in.)
Brake Chopper
Cable
3-28
Access Procedures
J9
J5
J1
X13
X6
X10
X11
X12
Access Procedures
3-29
9. Remove the three screws which secure Rectifying Module circuit board
to the Rectifying Module sub-assembly. Do not remove the screws at the
top of the module which secure the conducting straps (that connect the
circuit board to AC power from the AC Choke).
J9
J5
J1
PZ2
1.5 N-m
(13 lb.-in.)
3-30
Access Procedures
11.Remove the six screws which connect the Rectifying Module to the DC
Bus bars.
Remove
PZ2
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
Remove
PZ3
5 N-m
(44 lb.-in.)
PZ2
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
12.Remove the three fastening screws at the top of the Rectifying Module.
13.Loosen (4-5 turns), but do not remove the three fastening screws at the
bottom of the Rectifying Module.
Access Procedures
3-31
14.Install the RT1 tool on the Rectifying Module and remove the module
from the drive.
Installation
Install the Rectifying Module in reverse order of removal, while referring to
Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
Important: Before installing a new Rectifying Module, be sure to remove
the circuit board. Mechanical interference with the RT1 tool
could damage the new circuit board.
3-32
Access Procedures
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Connection Cover
from the drive.
4. Remove the four rubber bushings which cover the screws which mount
the fan assembly
Remove
Access Procedures
3-33
5. Remove the screw which secures the fan power supply plate. Then lift
and pull the plate away from the drive.
X2
X8
S1
NO
4
3
2
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
X7
X5
X1
X4
X6
6. Disconnect the motor lead wires including the ground wire. Refer to
Figure B.8 on page B-8, when reconnecting these wires.
7. Check that the upper mounting bolts securely hold drive on the wall of
the system enclosure. Remove lower mounting bolts from the bottom of
the frame.
8. Loosen, but do NOT remove, four front screws (which are accessible
through the holes vacated by the rubber bushings) so that the fan
assembly can easily slide off. To loosen, but not remove these front
screws, turn them 12 times.
9. Remove four screws from bottom of the frame. The fan plate should now
easily slide down. If it does not, loosen the front screws another turn and
attempt again. Continue loosening the screws until the fan plate slides
easily from the drive.
Important: Do not attempt to force the fan plate from the drive. This may
bend the fan.
10.Remove fan from fan plate. Refer to Figure C.6 on page C-7.
3-34
Access Procedures
Installation
Install the fan in reverse order of removal, while referring to Torque
Specifications on page 3-1. Refer to Figure B.8 on page B-8, when
reconnecting the fan and fan power supply.
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Connection Cover
from the drive.
4. Remove the screw which secures the fan power supply plate. Then lift
and pull the plate away from the drive.
X2
X8
S1
NO
4
3
2
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
X7
X5
X1
X6
X4
Access Procedures
3-35
5. Disconnect the wires which run from the transformer to the power
supply (X4 and X5 on the power supply). Refer to Figure B.8 on
page B-8, when reconnecting these wires.
6. On the fuseholder/capacitor bracket disconnect the capacitor from the
transformer. Disconnect the power supply cooling fan and the fuses.
3-36
Access Procedures
X2
X8
S1
NO
4
3
2
X7
X5
X1
X4
X6
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
8. Disconnect the remaining cable from the power supply (X8 on the power
supply).
9. Remove the screws which mount the power supply to the drive, and
remove the power supply.
Access Procedures
3-37
Installation
1. Install the fan power supply and fuseholder/capacitor bracket in reverse
order of removal, while referring to Torque Specifications on page 3-1.
2. Verify that dip switch S1 is properly configured.
X2
X8
ON
4
3
ON
3
2
1
S1
S1
S1-1
Off
X7
X5
X1
X4
X6
S1-2
Off
S1-3
On
S1-4
Off
3-38
Access Procedures
Removing Capacitors
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Connection Cover
from the drive.
4. Referring to Removing the Control Frame and Cross Plate on page 3-17,
remove the Control Frame and Cross Plate.
5. Remove terminal sub-assembly (Number 88 in Figure C.1 on page C-2
or Figure C.2 on page C-3)
6. Disconnect fiber-optic connectors X7, X10 and internal fan cable from
power board.
7. Remove DC+ and DC- cables (Numbers 112 and 114).
8. Remove twelve (12) screws which connect the Output Power Module
and Rectifying Module (if present) to the DC+ and DC- busbars.
9. Remove sixteen (16) screws (Numbers 42, 44 and 45) from capacitor
terminals.
114
112
PZ2
4 N-m
(35 lb.-in.)
44
44
44
44
Description
Screw M6 x14 Z4-1 (combination)
Screw M6 x16 Z4-1 (combination)
Screw M5x20 TX (combination)
Washer (straight) M8 SFS3738
Washer (cone) M8 DIN679
Screw hexagonal M8 X 20
Cable DC+
Cable DC-
45
42
45
45
45
54
53
52
42
6 mm
10 N-m
(89 lb.-in.)
54
53
52
Access Procedures
3-39
Installation
Install the capacitors in reverse order of removal, while referring to Torque
Specifications on page 3-1.
Important: The screws in this sub-assembly vary in length. It is critical that
you use the correct screws in the correct locations. Refer to
Table 3.A on page 3-38.
3-40
Access Procedures
Removal
1. Remove power from drive.
2. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC-.
3. Referring to Opening Drive on page 3-4, remove the Connection Cover
from the drive.
4. Referring to Removing the Control Frame and Cross Plate on page 3-17,
remove the Control Frame and Cross Plate.
5. Disconnect the internal DC Bus wires from the DC Bus terminals at the
top of the drive.
13 mm
14 N-m
(124 lb.-in.)
Access Procedures
3-41
PZ2
3 N-m
(27 lb.-in.)
6 mm
17 N-m
(151 lb.-in.)
3-42
Access Procedures
Lifting Lug
Installation
Install the AC-choke in reverse order of removal, while referring to Torque
Specifications on page 3-1.
Chapter
If you replace the Output Power Module or Control Board in a 700H drive,
you must load information about the Power Module or Control Board into
the Power EEPROM. Contact Allen-Bradley Drives Technical Support for
instructions and tools for performing this operation.
Phone
United States/
Canada
1.262.512.8176 (7 AM - 6 PM CST)
1.440.646.5800 (24 hour support)
Outside United
States/Canada
You can access the phone number for your country via
the Internet:
Go to http://www.ab.com
Click on Support (http://
support.rockwellautomation.com/)
Under Contact Customer Support, click on Phone
Support
Internet
Go to http://www.ab.com/support/abdrives/
support@drives.ra.rockwell.com
4-2
1. Check for zero volts between DC+ and DC2. Perform forward biased diode tests, using a digital multimeter, on the
DC-
L1
L2
L3
L1
DC+/R+
L2
L3
R-
points listed in Table 4.A on page 4-3 to test the Rectifying Module (on
AC Three-Phase drives). A forward biased diode test checks the
semiconductor junctions between the terminals and measures the voltage
drop across those junctions. To pass each test, the meter must beep(1)
once and display a voltage within the specification shown in the table. If
the test finds a short, the meter will display .000 and beep continuously.
If the test finds an open circuit or reversed polarity, the meter will display
.0L (zero load). If the Rectifying Module fails any of these tests,
replace it.
(1)
Not all makes and models of digital multi-meters beep, consult documentation for your meter to determine how
it indicates a positive result for the forward biased diode test and short circuit.
4-3
0.450V 0.075V
0.335V 0.075V
If the drive does not contain the brake chopper option, the DC+/R+
terminal will be labeled DC+.
0.290V 0.075V
4-4
Testing with the External DC This is a low current - low risk test for the Output Power Module and drive
Power Supply Without Load Control board. It requires the recommended high voltage DC-power supply.
(Optional)
1. Verify that the external DC power supply is de-energized
2. Connect the power supplys DC+ to the drives DC+ terminal and the
power supplys DC- to the drives DC- terminal.
3. Set power supply voltage setting to zero.
4. Switch on the external DC power supply.
5. Slowly increase the external DC power supply output voltage to the
drives nominal DC bus voltage (1.35 x Unity)
6. Measure the DC bus voltage and verify that the value is reflected in:
parameter 306 [DC Bus Voltage] (700S)
parameter 012 [DC Bus Voltage] (700H)
7. Make configuration changes which allow the HIM to issue start and
speed commands.
8. Make configuration changes which allow operation without an encoder
and motor.
9. Start the drive, by pressing
4-5
This test allows you to measure several operating parameters and diagnose
problems without connecting the motor.
1. Verify that input power wiring and grounding is connected.
1. Verify that the motor cables are disconnected.
2. Energize the drive.
3. Make configuration changes which allow the HIM to issue start and
speed commands.
4. Make configuration changes which allow operation without an encoder
and motor.
5. Start the drive, by pressing
The Power Circuit Diagnostic Test, on the 700S, allow you to diagnose
problems in the drives power structure without applying large amounts of
power.
1. Verify that input power wiring and grounding is connected.
2. Verify that the motor cables are connected.
3. Energize the drive.
4. From the Monitor menu on the HIM press
navigate to the Main menu.
Esc
5. Use
(the down button) to move the cursor to the Start-Up
selection, and
to select Start-Up. Then press
again to verify
your intention to continue with the Start-Up menu.
6. Use
(the down button) to move the cursor to Power Circuit
Diagnostics (Pwr Circuit Diag), and
to select Power Circuit
Diagnostics.
7. Press
to begin the Power Circuit Diagnostic routine. Follow
indications and instructions on the HIM.
4-6
This test allows you to measure several operating parameters and diagnose
problems without connecting the motor to its mechanical load.
1. Verify that input power wiring and grounding is connected.
2. Verify that the motor cables are connected.
3. Verify that the motor load is disconnected.
4. Energize the drive.
5. Start the drive and increase the speed from zero to base speed.
6. Measure drive output current and verify that the value is reflected in:
parameter 308 [Output Current] (700S)
parameter 003 [Output Current] (700H)
7. Stop the drive.
Appendix
Software Tools
DriveTools 2000, Drive Executive, Drive Explorer and Drive Observer are
software tools for uploading, downloading and monitoring system
parameters
Service tools
Description
Oscilloscope
Current clamp
Soldering station
Adjustable power supply
Multi meter
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Insulation tester
Torque wrench
Torque wrench
box wrench
socket extension
Wrench
Wire cutter
Nose pliers
Crimping tools
Angle wrench
Screw driver
*Flat nose
*Pozidrive
*Phillips
*Torx
Hexagonal wrench
ESD-protected place of work
ESD-protective clothing
Power supply (service)
Details
Portable, digitizing, dual channel scope, with isolation
1000A(ac, rms), signal output
Soldering / de soldering
0...1300Vdc, 1A, adjustable current limit. Efore LPS
750-HV or equivalent.
0...690Vac (+10%), 10A, three phase, galvanic
isolation
Digital multi meter, capable of ac and dc voltage,
continuity, resistance, capacitance measurements,
and forward diode bias tests. Fluke model 87 III or
equivalent.
1000Vdc
1...12Nm
6...50Nm
7mm, 8mm, 10mm, 13mm, 17mm, 19mm, 22mm
230mm
7mm, 8mm, 10mm, 13mm, 17mm, 19mm, 22mm
7*2(mm)
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
25
4, 5, 6
Working surface, Floor covering, seat and earthings
Wrist wrap, shoes, overall clothing (coat)
Capacity of three phase service 400/500/690Vac,
250A
A-2
Item
26
Description
CK-2
27
28
RT-1
Fiber-optic repair kit
Details
Cable kit of DC power supply for PowerFlex frame 9
units
Module replacement tool for PowerFlex frame 9 units
PE
PE
L3/T
L2/S
LI/R
L3/T
L2/S
LI/R
MOV
assembly
PCB
CM
REACTOR
CM
REACTOR
LINE
REACTOR
L3'/T'
L2'/S'
LI'/R'
To
Power
Circuitry
Appendix
Schematics
From AC
Input
Conditioning
DCDC+/R+
R-
X41
X4
X2
L3'/T'
X8
X11
Mains Voltage
Suppression
X10
X6
K3
X12
X13
X5
X10
X7
X5
X8
BRK
24 VDC
M2
Fan Inverter
Cooling Fan
EMC Protection
Plate Fan
DC+
I_W
W_HI
I_W
I_V
I_U
To Voltage
Feedback
Board J2
To Voltage
Feedback
Board J1
7 Fiber
6
V_LO
I_V
Measurements
X10
DC-
M3
X4
DC+
Cross Plate
Fan
U/T1
24 VDC
24 VDC
M4
V/T2
BRK
U_HI
X15
U_LO
Power Board
I_U
X6
X9
X1
X11
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
Rectifier Board
X3
X1
L2'/S'
LI'/R'
X9
K1
K2
TERM V
V_HI
TERM W
IFS
DC+
W_LO
DC-
TERM A
B-2
Schematics
TERM U
DC
Source
PE
PE
DC-
X50
X10
X6
X9
X1
X7
DC Bus
Precharge
Control
X5
X8
BRK
BRK
24 VDC
Fan Inverter
Cooling Fan
DC+
I_W
W_HI
To Voltage
Feedback
Board J1
To Voltage
Feedback
Board J2
DC-
M2
I_W
I_V
I_U
DC+
EMC Protection
Plate Fan
Measurements
X10
U/T1
M3
7 Fiber
6
5
4
3
2
TERM V
X4
V/T2
24 VDC
24 VDC
Cross Plate
Fan
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
X15
Power Board
4
V_HI
M4
X11
U_HI
Precharge
CR2
Main DC Contactor
CR2
CR2
U_LO
Pilot Relay
CR1
R1
R1
DC+/R+
I_U
CR1
F1
F1
V_LO
External Circuitry
I_V
TERM W
IFS
DC+
W_LO
DC-
TERM A
R-
Schematics
TERM U
B-3
From AC
Input
Conditioning
X41
X4
X2
L3'/T'
X8
X11
Mains Voltage
Suppression
X10
X6
X12
X13
X5
X7
X5
X8
BRK
BRK
24 VDC
M2
Fan Inverter
Cooling Fan
EMC Protection
Plate Fan
7 Fiber
X4
1
Measurements
I_W
I_V
I_U
X10
DC+
I_W
W_HI
I_V
To Opto
Adapter Board
TERM V
V_LO
24 VDC
24 VDC
V_HI
M3
Cross Plate
Fan
TERM W
24 VDC
M4
IFS
DC+
U_HI
X15
W_LO
X10
U_LO
Power Board
I_U
X6
X9
X1
X11
DC-
Rectifier Board
X3
X1
L2'/S'
LI'/R'
X9
K1
TERM A
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
B-4
Schematics
TERM U
DC
Source
X10
X6
X9
X1
X7
DC Bus
Precharge
Control
X5
X8
BRK
BRK
24 VDC
M2
Fan Inverter
Cooling Fan
EMC Protection
Plate Fan
7 Fiber
X4
1
Measurements
I_W
I_V
I_U
X10
DC+
I_W
W_HI
I_V
To Opto
Adapter Board
TERM V
V_HI
M3
V_LO
24 VDC
24 VDC
24 VDC
TERM W
Cross Plate
Fan
Power Board
IFS
DC+
M4
X15
U_HI
Precharge
CR2
Main DC Contactor
X50
X11
U_LO
PE
PE
DC-
W_LO
CR1
CR2
CR2
I_U
Pilot Relay
R1
R1
DC+/R+
DC-
CR1
F1
F1
External Circuitry
TERM A
R-
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
W/T3
V/T2
U/T1
Schematics
B-5
TERM U
Comm
Input
Feedback
Inputs
P1
NetLinx
Daughtercard
P1
P6
P4
FLEX I/O
80
P5
RS232
Feedback
Option
Board
DriveLogix
Controller
P3
P2
P3
P2
34
34
50
50
Main
Control
Board
TX RX
TB2
J1
J7
J2
M5
Control
Chassis Fan
SynchLink
J8 J9 TB1
J34
J11
J35
J10
10
72
J17
J3
J9
J18
J11
M6
Control
Pan Fan
+5V
-12 V
+12 V
+24 V Iso
7 Fiber
2
External
24V DC
1 = 24V
3 = Common
(75W min)
J15
J12
J16
J4
J7 Rx
J6 Tx
J5
Fiber
J8
20
DPI
Comm
Option
X3
PORT
MOD
NET A
NET B
PWR
STS
J2
J3
9
DPI
Bezel
J1
EXTERNAL DPI
HIM
EXAMPLE:
20-HIM-A3
DOOR
HIM
From
Power
Module
X4
DPI
Interface X1
Board
J1
-U
-V
-W
DC+
J2
DC-
DPI Assembly
Voltage
Feedback
Board
80W
Power
Supply
X2 20-VB00601
J5 Tx
J4 Rx
+24V
From
Power
Module
B-6
Schematics
Analog
I/O
Digital
Inputs
8 / 10
Digital
Outputs
Digital
Outputs
20C-DO1
(Digital Output
Option)
20C-DA1-A
(24V dc Digital Input
w/ Analog I/O)
or
20C-DA1-B
(115V ac Digital Input
w/ Analog I/O)
10
X3
(Slot B)
X2
(Slot A)
24 VDC
8X
Option
Board
X4
(Slot C)
3
4
X1
J1
37
Option
Board
X5
(Slot D)
Opto Adapter
Board
Control Board
From
Power Board
J1
X1
X6
(Slot E)
X3
X2
20C-DPI1
(DPI Communications
Option)
External
24V dc
7 Fiber
X7
(RS-232
Programming
Port)
20
DPI
Comm
Option
X3
J3
9
DPI
Bezel
DPI Assembly
PORT
MOD
NET A
NET B
PWR
STS
J2
J1
HIM
EXTERNAL DPI
HIM
EXAMPLE:
20-HIM-A3
DOOR
X4
DPI
Interface X1
Board
X2 20-VB00601
Schematics
B-7
X2
X8
Fan Frequency
Converter
F1, 6A
X5
X4
From Power
Board X7
F2, 6A
From Power
Board X10
Black 1
Black 2
Black 3
Black 4
Black 5
Black 6
2.2 mf
2.2 mf
7 mf
10 MW
10 MW
M1
Main Fan
Brown
Fan Area
Black
Yellow/Green
Blue
B-8
Schematics
Appendix
C-2
C-3
C-4
EMC-Protection Plate
C-5
C-6
DC-
DC+
Capacitor Sub-Assembly
Fan Sub-Assembly
C-7
C-8
Control Bracket
Rectifying Module
C-9
C-10
Power Module
Key to ID Numbers
Id. No.
2
3
5
6
8
9
10
12
15
20
23
26
28
29
30
31
32
34
35
36
38
39
40
40
41
42
44
45
52
53
54
55
59
C-11
Description
DC Bus Capacitor ELKO 3300uF 420V
Fan 230W
AC-choke/filter 310A
Shown in...
Figure C.5
Figure C.6
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Frame
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Cover (power)
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Cover (connection)
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Bushing plate
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Earthing plate
Figure C.2
Earthing cover 3
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Screw M4 x 8
Figure C.3
Upper plate
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Busbar DC- and brake
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Rectifying board
Figure C.8
Diode mod SKKH 330/16
Figure C.8
IGBT/Diode SKM 195GAL123D (brake) Figure C.8
Stand-off insulator M6*25 (brake)
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Busbar DC connection
Figure C.5
Busbar DC+
Figure C.5
Insulator DC+/Figure C.5
Busbar DCFigure C.5
Capacitor 220nF/1250V 500V 6mm
Figure C.8
Discharging resistor 2x8k
Figure C.6
Rectifying module sub-as.
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Rectifying module sub-as. (brake)
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Fan plate
Figure C.6
Screw M6 x14 Z4-1 (combination)
Figure C.5,
Figure C.8,
Figure C.9
Screw M6 x16 Z4-1 (combination)
Figure C.5
Screw M5x20 TX (combination)
Figure C.5,
Figure C.8
Washer (straight) M8 SFS3738
Figure C.5,
Figure C.8,
Figure C.9
Washer (cone) M8 DIN679
Figure C.5,
Figure C.8,
Figure C.9
Screw hexagonal M8 X 20
Figure C.5,
Figure C.8,
Figure C.9
Screw M4 x 8
Figure C.6
Bushing rubber GD21
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
64
66
68
69
70
75
Control frame
81
83
Screw M4 x 8
Control cable conduit
84
85
86
88
Terminal sub-assembly H
88
89
Fan sub-assembly
90
Stop plate 34
91
92
Capacitor sub-Assembly
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
102
103
104
105
109
110
VaconBus adapter
Finger proof shield
Insulator capacitor
Insulator DC-/connection
Shown in...
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2,
Figure C.7
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2,
Figure C.4
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.3,
Figure C.4
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2,
Figure C.3
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.8
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.8
Figure C.8
Figure C.8
Figure C.8
Figure C.8
Figure C.8
Figure C.8
Figure C.6
Figure C.4
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2,
Figure C.4
Figure C.7
Figure C.3
Figure C.5
Figure C.5
C-12
Id. No.
112
114
115
116
Description
Cable DC+
Cable DCScrew M5 x 10
Fan power supply cover
117
117
118
200
201
202
203
204
MOV
205
206
Shown in...
Figure C.5
Figure C.5
Figure C.9
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2,
Figure C.9
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2,
Figure C.9
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.1,
Figure C.1,
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1,
Figure C.2
Figure C.1
Figure C.2