ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT IN ECONOMICS

LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORM

Submitted by:
LALUNIO, XYZER CORPUZ
201011158

Submitted to:
PROF. MARYCRIS O. ALBAO

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORM

Land Reform refers to all sets of activities and measures that may or should be
taken to improve or correct the defects or problems in the relations among men with
respect to their rights to the land they till. It is technically defined as an integrated set of
measures designed to eliminate obstacles to economic and social development arising
out of defects in the agrarian structure.
Land reform is a term that applies to the relations of the farmers to the land they
work upon. Land reform seeks to bring about changes in which land is owned or held by
the people, changes in cultivation methods and also changes in the relationship of
agriculture with the rest of the economy of a country. Land has traditionally served many
different purposes; namely,
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Means of production
Source of status symbol
Social and political influence
Source of wealth and value

With the increase in population, land per capita declines and the value of land rises
in a definite proportion. This leads to conflicts between social groups and communities
that own the land and those that work upon them. In every country and society, it has
been the endeavor of the governments to initiate land reforms so as to bring about a
change in the patterns of ownership of land. This basically involves redistribution of land
by taking away land from the rich and the powerful and giving it to poor and the landless
farmers. This was done purposely to bring about a change in lives of poor peasants to
give them a sense of belonging and to boost their self-esteem. It had both social as well
as political objectives, but it led to social revolution in nations across the world as
feudalism gave way to communism and capitalism and democracy across the world.
Land tenure Structure
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One or more systems regulating the rights to a mans ownership, control and usage
of land
A system which defines a persons legal right and ownership over land, and the
duties accompanying such right.

Agrarian reform can refer either, narrowly, to government-initiated or

government-backed redistribution of agricultural land or, broadly, to an overall redirection
of the agrarian system of the country, which often includes land reform measures.
Agrarian reform can include credit measures, training, extension, land consolidations, etc.
The World Bank evaluates agrarian reform using five dimensions: (1) price and market
liberalization, (2) land reform (including the development of land markets), (3) agroprocessing and input supply channels, (4) rural finance, (5) market institutions.

Agrarian reform is a relatively new term that encompasses all the meanings of land
reform but also includes other aspects redirecting agricultural system of an economy to a
better situation. While it was land reform alone that topped the priority lists of all
governments earlier, it is the agrarian reform that is the buzzword among the authorities
in recent decades. This is because of the changing role of the land and agriculture in the
development process of a country. Land reform has now merged into agrarian reform
because of its relevance and importance in the present scenario. It is not just land
redistribution that is sufficient for achieving optimum development though it is more than
enough in bringing about social equality and the desired changes in patterns of ownership
of land.
Agrarian reform includes land reform as well as changes in farm operations, rural
credit, training or farmers, marketing or products, and implementation of the latest
technology to enhance the productivity of the farmers.

PRINCIPLES BEHIND AGRARIAN REFORM

Social Justice- the democratization of income and wealth by equalizing access to land
as the basic productive resource.
Just Compensation to landowners- the full and fair equivalent of the property taken
away from its owner by expropriation. Fair market values are primarily considered in the
land valuation processs.

What is CARP (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program), or RA 6657?

CARP, or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, is the redistribution of
public and private agricultural lands to farmers and farmworkers who are landless,
irrespective of tenurial arrangement. CARPs vision is to have an equitable land
ownership with empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries who can effectively manage
their economic and social development to have a better quality of life.
One of the major programs of CARP is Land Tenure Improvement, which seeks to
hasten distribution of lands to landless farmers. Similarly, the Department offers Support
Services to the beneficiaries such as infrastructure facilities, marketing assistance
program, credit assistance program, and technical support programs. Furthermore, the
department seeks to facilitate, resolve cases and deliver Agrarian Justice.
The legal basis for CARP is the Republic Act No. 6657 otherwise known as
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) signed by President Corazon C. Aquino
on June 10, 1988. It is an act which aims to promote social justice and industrialization,
providing the mechanism for its implementation, and for other purposes.

Salient Features of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

July 22, 1987- former President Corazon Aquino signed proclamation No. 131 instituting
CARP as a major program of the government and Executive Order No.229 with the
enactment of Republic Act No. 6657 signed by the President on June 10, 1988.

SCOPE, EXEMPTIONS AND EXCLUSIONS

Comprehensive and Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (RA 6657) shall cover
regardless of the tenurial arrangement and commodity produced, all private lands
provided in Proclamation No. 131 dated July 22, 1987, including whenever applicable in
accordance with law, other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture.

BENEFICIARIES OF CARP
Landless farmers, including agricultural lessees, tenants, as well as regular,
seasonal and other farmworkers. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) identifies
and screens potential beneficiaries and validates their qualifications. For example, to
qualify, you must be at least 15 years old, be a resident of the barangay where the land
holding is located, and own no more than 3 hectares of agricultural land.

CARP Major Feature

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It provides for the coverage of all agricultural lands regardless of crops produced
or tenurial status of the tiller;
It recognizes as beneficiaries of the program all workers in the land given that they
are landless and willing to till the land;
It provides for the delivery of support services to program beneficiaries;
It provides for arrangements that ensure the tenurial security of farmers and farm
workers such as the leasehold arrangement, stock distribution option and
production and profit sharing; and
It creates an adjudication body that will resolve agrarian disputes.

PRINCIPLES OF CARP
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highest consideration to the welfare of the landless farmers and farm workers
due regard to the rights of landowners to just compensation
recognition of the rights of farmers, farm workers, landowners, cooperatives, and
other independent organizations to participate in the planning, organization and
management of CARP

provision of support to agriculture through appropriate technology and research

provision of adequate financial, production, marketing, and other support services.

OBJECTIVES OF CARP
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To successfully devise land reform in the Philippines

To improve the economic and social status of the beneficiaries of land reform in
the Philippines

Political Objectives
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To put an end to conflicts pertaining to land ownership.

To bring about harmony between the rural people and the urban residents.
Bringing stability in the political set up of the country

Social Objectives
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Bringing about equality in terms of opportunities, income as well as wealth.

Economic Objectives
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Enhancing agricultural production

Enhancing agricultural productivity
Bettering capital formation
Providing employment to more agricultural workers
Enhancing demand for raw materials and services
Improving balance of payments by facilitating export activities
Trying to increase production at home so that imports do not have to be relied
upon.
Enhancing cooperation as well as regulation between agricultural sector and the
non-agricultural sector.