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I.

Objectives:
1. Classify materials in terms of elasticity.
2. Determine the force constant spring.
3. Demonstrate fatigue.
II. Materials:
Balls made up of different materials
Spring

Clamp
Meter Stick

Iron Stand

Paper Clip

III. Procedure:
Refer to SAS
IV: Data and Results:
A.
Ball
Marble
Jackstone
Pingpong
Golf

Height 1 (cm)
36
68
70
83

Height 2 (cm)
57
73
70
80

Height 3 (cm)
67
73
70
82

Some of our results agree to the ordinary meaning of elasticity.


Because like the pingpong ball when we drop it first until a series of dropping
it, its height remains the same. Also with the golf ball and jackstone, after a
series of dropping it, it is near to its original height and the difference is not
big. While the marble after a series of dropping, it increases its height and
has a big difference to its first height.

B. Applied Force and Elongation of Spring

Mass (g)
Force (N)
Elongatio
n (m)

30
0.29
(0.30)
0.027

40
0.39
(0.40)
0.036

50
0.49
(0.50)
0.045

60
0.59
(0.60)
0.054

70
0.69
(0.70)
0.063

80
0.79
(0.80)
0.072

V. Post laboratory Questions and Answers:


1. For constant of the spring is the force needed to produce a unit
elongation of the spring. It has a unit of n/m. Force constant is a measure of
the stiffness of the spring. Bigger force constant means that spring is not
easily elongated or compressed.
2. Fatigue occurs when a material is subjected to repeated loading and
unloading. If the loads are above a certain threshold, microscopic cracks will
begin to form at the surface. Eventually a crack will reach a critical size, and
the structure will suddenly fracture. The shape of the structure will
significantly affect the fatigue life; square holes or sharp corners will lead to
elevated local stresses where fatigue cracks can initiate. Round holes and
smooth transitions or fillets are therefore important to increase the fatigue
strength of the structure.
VI. Conclusion:
A.
Elasticity is the ability of a body to undergo temporary change. Also it
is the ability to regain its original size, form, or volume when the force that
deformed it is removed. The more elastic the material, the closer the ball
rebounds to its original height.
B.
The magnitude of stretching or compressing the spring depends on the
force applied or weight of the object. If the force is increased, the elongation
also increases. It simply means that the magnitude of stretching or
compressing the spring is proportional to the force applied or weight of the
object.

I. Objectives:
1. Verify the Archimedes Principle.
2. Determine the relation between the density of liquid and buoyancy.
II. Materials:
Graduated cylinder (100 mL or 250 mL capacity)

Cooking oil and

water
Metal Object

Plastic Toy Boat

Spring Balance

Basin

Alcohol

Salt

III. Procedure:
Refer to SAS
IV. Data and Results:
A. Relation between the Density of a liquid and Buoyant Force
Weight in air W1 (N) = 8g = 0.008kg
0.008kg(9.8m/s2) = 00784N
Density of liquid
p (g/cc)
Initial reading of
gc V1 (cc)
Initial reading of
gc V2 (cc)
Volume of liquid
displaced VL (cc)
Mass of liquid
displaced ML (g)
Weight of liquid
displaced WL (N)
Weight of object

Water
100

Alcohol
100

Oil
129

0.08

0.08

0.062

0.0925

0.093

0.075

0.0125

0.013

0.013

1.25

1.3

1.677

0.01225

0.001274

0.01644

0.0784

0.0784

0.0784

in liquid W2 (N)
Loss of weight of
object in liquid W
(N)
Percentage
Difference
B. Observation:

1. Water line was higher when the plastic toy boat was placed on tap
water than salty water.
2. Salty water is denser than tap water.
V. Sample Computations:
VL = V2 - V1
Water:

Alcohol:

VL = 0.0925cc 0.08cc = 0.0125cc

VL = 0.093cc - 0.08cc = 0.013cc

Oil:
VL = 0.075cc VL - 0.062cc = 0.013

M L = p VL
Water:
Alcohol:
ML = 100g/cc(0.0125cc) = 1.25g
129g/cc(0.013cc) = 1.677g

Oil:
ML = 100g/cc(0.013cc) = 1.3g ML =

WL = ML(g)
Water:
WL = 0.00125kg(9.9m/s2) = 0.01225N
0.01274N
Oil:
WL = 0.0016777kg(p.8m/s2) = 0.01644N

Alcohol:
WL = 0.0013kg(9,8m/s2) =

W = W1 W2
Water:
W = 0.784N 0.0784N = 0
0.784N 0.0784N = 0

Alcohol:

Oil:

W = 0.784N 0.0784N = 0

W=

VI. Post-Laboratory Questions and Answers:


1. If the object is less dense than the liquid, the object will partially
submerged.
2. Because of the salt in the sea it is easier to swim in the sea. The salt helps
make the body more buoyant and helps make it easier to swim. The sea also has
currents, both strong and weak that helps push the body along so you do not have
to use as much physical energy to propell yourself.
VII. Conclusion:
If the density of the object is equal to the density of the liquid, buoyant force
is equal to the weight of the object. The object will float.
If the density of the object is greater to the density of the liquid, buoyant
force is less than its weight. The object will sink
If the density of the object is lesser to the density of the liquid, buoyant force
is greater than its weight. The object will partially submerged.

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