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6.2
Incident wave : the wave before it strikes the obstacle State the Law of Reflection:
Draw a
diagram to
show
reflection of
waves.
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Conclusion What will be the direction of travel of the reflected waves when:
(a) the incident water waves travel perpendicular to the barrier?
Questions 1. What is the wavelength of the reflected water waves compare to the
wavelength of the incident water waves?
2. When the speed of the motor increases, what will happen to the separation
between adjacent bright lines or dark lines?
Discussion
i (°) 20 30 40 50 60
r (°)
Conclusion In the reflection of sound, the angle of incidence is ……………… to the angle of
reflection.
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6.3
What is Refraction of waves is a change of direction in the propagation of waves from one
Refraction of medium to another due to a change of speed.
waves?
The frequency of the waves is equal to the frequency of the source of vibration and
What happens hence it remains unchanged. But the speed, wavelength and direction of propagation
to frequency, change.
speed,
wavelength & The relationship between v and λ of a water
direction? wave in deep and shallow water:
v = fλ f is constant
v v is directly proportional to λ
v v v
f cons tan t 1 2
1 2
Wavelength Wavelength
Frequency Frequency
Water passing from the deep region to Water passing from the shallow region to the
How does the the shallow region, the water wave is deep region, the water wave is refracted
direction of refracted toward the normal. away from the normal.
waves change
when:
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Use a ripple
tank
Draw a ray
diagram to
show
refraction of
waves.
Discussion
5. Compare the wavelength for the water wave in the deep region and the shallow region.
6. Compare the frequency of the water wave in the deep region and the shallow region.
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7. By using the answer in question 1 & 2, and formula v = fλ, compare the speed of the water waves in
the two regions.
8. How does the direction of waves change when passing from the deep region to the shallow region?
9. When waves pass from the deep region to the shallow region, how do the following properties of the
wave change?
(i) Direction:
(ii) Wavelength:
(iii) Speed:
Conclusion
Explain the refraction of water.
Exercise 1
1. A plane wave has a wavelength of 2 cm 2. The diagram shows a plane water wave
-1
and a velocity of 8 cm s as it moves over moving from one area P to another area Q of
the surface of shallow water. When the different depth.
plane wave moves into an area of greater
-1
depth, its velocity becomes 12 cm s .
What is
-1
If the speed of water wave in P is 18 cm s ,
what is the speed of water wave in Q?
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1. Sound waves travel faster in warm air than in _______ (cold/hot) air.
2. On a hot day, the hot surface of the Earth causes the layer of air near the surface to be
__________.(warmer/cooler)
3. This causes sound waves to be ____________ away from the Earth.
4. On a cool night, the sound waves travel _________(slower/faster)in the cooler layer of air
near the surface of the Earth than in the upper, warmer air. The waves are refracted
towards the Earth. Hence, sound can be heard over a longer distance on a cold
_________(night/day) compared with a hot day.
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6.4
The waves bend and change direction near the edges of the gap.
The effect of diffraction is obvious if the shape of the diffracted waves more spread out or more
circular
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Observation
(a) Wide gap (b) Narrow gap
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Questions
1. Is there any difference in the wavelengths of the incoming waves and the diffracted
waves?
2. What can you deduce about the frequencies if the waves come from the same source and
are propagated in equal depths of water?
4. What is the relationship between the shape of the diffracted waves with the size of the
gap?
Conclusions
As the size of the gap or obstacle …………………, the effect of diffraction becomes obvious.
Diffraction of sound
Sound diffracting around corners so allowing us to
hear others who are speaking to us from adjacent
rooms.
We can hear the sound of a radio placed nearby a
corner of a wall but we cannot see the radio. Why?
Sound waves are more easily diffracted in
comparison to light waves because the wavelength
of sound waves is much __________ than the
wavelength of light waves.
Diffraction of light
Light is diffracted if it passes through a narrow slit comparable in size to its wavelength.
However, the effect is not obvious as the size of the slit increases. This is because the
wavelengths of light are very short.
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___________________________
___________________________
(b) (i)Determine the wavelength of the (c) Name the phenomenon in (b)
waves before travels over the
perspex plat. ________________________________
3. Figure 1 shows a water waves in a ripple 4. Figure 3 shows a tank with three areas of
tank travels over a perspex plat. water with different depths. A dipper
Figure 2 shows a water waves propagated produces water waves in region Z and is
from the sea to the beach. moving to region Y and X. Draw a diagram to
show how the waves propagate through the
three different area.
Figure 1 Figure 2
___________________________
___________________________
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Figure 6.2
______________________________