IMCA 1.diseño Por Vibración 2015

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero
Vibration Serviceability
- Offices and Quiet Spaces Thomas M. Murray, PhD, P.E.
Emeritus Professor Virginia Tech
Del 4 al 7 de marzo de 2015. Mxico D.F.

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.
Available Design Guidance

AISC/CISC Design Guide 11
SJI Technical Digest 5 2nd Ed.
FloorVibe v2.20
FloorVibe v2.20
Software for Analyzing
Floors for Vibrations Criteria Based
on AISC/CISC Design Guide 11
SJI Technical Digest 5
SEI
Structural Engineers, Inc.
537 Wisteria Drive
Radford, VA 24141
540-731-3330 Fax 540-639-0713
tmmurray@floorvibe.com
http://www.floorvibe.com
CRITERIA FOR
OFFICES AND QUIET SPACES
- Walking Excitation -
Human Tolerance Criteria

A Tolerance Criterion has two parts:
Human response/Tolerance
scale.
Prediction of the floor response
to a specified excitation.
Walking Excitation Criterion

Predicted Tolerance
ap Po exp( 0.35 f n) ao
=
g
W
g

ao = acceleration limit
ap = peak acceleration
a p = P o exp( 0.35 f
g
W
ao
g
g = acceleration of gravity
Po = 29 kg (65 lb)
fn = fundamental frequency of a beam or joist panel, or
a combined panel as , applicable
= modal damping ratio (0.01 to 0.05 or 1% to 5%)
W = effective weight supported by the beam or joist
panel, girder panel, or combined panel, as applicable
For offices and quiet spaces ao/g = 0.005 or 0.5% of gravity
Peak Tolerance Acceleration (% Gravity)
25
10
Outdoor Footbridges
5 . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ _ _. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indoor Footbridges,
Shopping Malls,
Dining and Dancing
2.5
. . . . . . . . . . ._ _ _ _. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Offices,
Residences
0.5 . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.25
Modified ISO
Scale for
Human
Tolerance
=
g
W
g
ISO Baseline Curve for

RMS Acceleration
0.1
_ ___ _
0.05
1
4 5
8 10
25
40
Frequency (Hz)

Estimating Modal Damping,
Structural System
1%
Ceiling and Ductwork
1%
Electronic Office Build -out 0.5%
Paper Office Build-out
1%
Churches, Schools, Malls
0%
Dry Wall Partitions in Bay 5% to 10%
Note: Damping is cumulative.
=
g
W
g

Electric Office Fit-out
Electronic Office
Build-out Damping 0.5%

Paper Office Fit-out
Paper Office
Build-out Damping 1%

Member Natural Frequency
gEsIt
fn =
4
2 wL
1/ 2
(Hz.)
= 5wL 4 / (384Es I t )
f n = 0.18 g /
(Hz.)
=
g
W
g

Natural Frequencies
f n = 0.18 g /
Member
f n = 0.18 g /( b + g)
Bay
f n = 0.18 g /( b + g + c )
System
=
g
W
g

Loads for Vibration Analysis
= 5wL 4 / (384Es I t )
w = D+ L
D: Structural Framing + Superimposed DL
0.2 kPa for Ceiling + Ductwork
L: 0.5 kPa for Paper Office
0.35-0.4 kPa for Electronic Office
0.25 kPa for Residence
0 kPa for Malls, Churches, Schools
Section Properties - Beam/Girder

b (< 0.4 L)
Fully Composite
Effective Width
n = Es/1.35Ec
A Frequently Asked Question

Why is the full composite moment of
inertia used in the frequency calculations
even when the beam or girder is noncomposite?
f n = 0.18 g /( b + g)
= 5wL 4 / (384Es I t )
A Frequently Asked Question

Why is the full composite moment of
inertia used in the frequency calculations
even when the beam or girder is noncomposite?
Annoying vibrations have displacements

less than 1 mm. Thus, the interface shear
is negligible, so its acts as fully
composite.
Minimum Frequency
To avoid resonance with the first
harmonic of walking, the minimum
frequency must be greater than 3 Hz.
e.g.
fn > 3 Hz
Effective Weight
Floor Length
Floor Width
Equivalent Combined Mode

Panel Weight
j
g
W=
Wj +
Wg
j + g
j + g
(4.4)
=
g
W
g
Panel Effective Weights

Beam Panel:
W j = ( w j / S) B j L j
Girder Panel:
W g = ( w g / L j,avg) Bg Lg
Effective Beam Panel Width

Bj = Beam Panel
Width
Effective Beam Panel Width

1/ 4
B j = C j(Ds /D j)
L j < 2 / 3 Floor Width
Cj = 2.0 For Beams In Most Areas

= 1.0 For Beams at a Free Edge
(Balcony)
Dj = Ij/S (in4/ft)
Section Properties - Slab

12
de=dc-ddeck /2
____
Ds =
4
3
(12 / n)(de / 12) in /
Ec = w
1.5
f c
A = (12 / n) de
ft
fc in ksi
n = Es/1.35 Ec
Panel Effective Weights

For hot-rolled beams or joists
with extended bottom chords, Wj
can increased 50% if an adjacent
span is greater than 0.7 x the span
considered. That is,
Wj = 1.5(wj/S)BjLj
Effective Girder Panel Width

Bg = Girder
Panel
Width

Bg = Cg(Dj/Dg)1/4 Lg
2/3 Floor Length
Cg = 1.6 For Girders Supporting Joists

Connected Only to a Girder Flange
= 1.8 For Girders Supporting Beams
Connected to a Girder Web
Dg = Ig/Lj,avg in4/ft
26
S
W21 44
4 SPA @ 7- 6
=30= Lg
de = 3.50 +
Lj = 45
W14 22
W14 22
W24 55
W18 35
W14 22
W21 44
Bay Framing
2.00
= 4.50
2
3.50
2.00
W18 35
Section
Floor Width = 30 ft
Floor Length = 90 ft
Paper Office
Loads and Slab Properties

Gravity Loads:
LL : 11 psf
(For Vibration Analysis)
Mech. & Ceiling : 4 psf
Slab Properties:
Concrete:
wc = 110 pcf
fc = 4000 psi
Floor Thickness = 3.50 in. + 2 in. ribs

= 5.50 in.
Slab + Deck Weight = 47 psf
Beam and Girder Properties

Beam Properties
Girder Properties
W18 35
W24 55
A = 10.30 in.2
A = 16.20 in.2
Ix = 510 in.4
Ix = 1350 in.4
d = 17.70 in.
d = 23.57 in.
Beam Mode Properties

Effective Concrete Slab Width = 7.5 ft < 0.4 Lj
= 0.4 x 45 = 18 ft.
1.5
=
Ec w
1.5 4.0 = 2307 ksi

=
f c 110
n = modular ratio = Es/1.35Ec

= 29,000 / (1.35 x 2,307)
= 9.31
Ij = transformed moment of inertia = 1,799 in4
Beam Mode Properties

wj = 7.5 (11 + 47 + 4 + 35/7.5) = 500 plf
5 500 454 1728
5 w j L4j
= 0.885 in.
=
j =
6
384 EIj 384 29 10 1799
386
f j = 0.18
= 3.76 Hz
0.885
Bj = Cj (Ds/ Dj)1/4Lj = 40.4 ft > 2/3 (30) = 20 ft
Wj = 1.5(wj/S)BjLj = 90,000 lbs = 90.0 kips
Girder Mode Properties

Eff. Slab Width = 0.4 Lg
= 0.4 x 30 x 12
= 144 in. < Lj = 45 x 12 = 540 in.
b = 144 in.
Ig = 4,436 in4
Girder Mode Properties

wg = 45(500/7.5) + 55 = 3055 plf.
5 w g Lg4
5305530 4 1728
=
= 0.43 in.
g =
6
384E sIg
3842910 4436
g
386
f g = 0.18 g = 0.18 0.433 = 5.37 Hz
1/ 4
Bg = Cg(D j /Dg)
Lg = 67.4 ft > 2/3 (90) = 60 ft
W g = ( w g / L j) Bg Lg =(3055/45)(60 30) = 122 kips

Combined Mode Properties

Lg = 30 ft < Bj = 20 ft
Do Not Reduce
fn = Fundamental Floor Frequency
g /( + ) =
= 0.18
3.08 Hz
W= W + W
+
+
j
100 kips
Evaluation
= 0.03 from Table 4.1 (Modal Damping Ratio)
W = 0.03 100 = 3.0 kips = 3000 lbs
ap Po exp(0.35 f n) 65 exp(0.35 3.08)

=
=
g
W
3000
= 0.0074
= 0.74% g > 0.50% g
N.G.
Peak Acceleration (% Gravity)
25
Rhythmic Activities
10
Outdoor Footbridges
5 . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indoor Footbridges,
Shopping Malls,
Dining and Dancing
2.5
. . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ _. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Offices,
Residences
0.5 . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extended by Allen
and Murray (1993)
0.25
ISO Baseline Curve for
RMS Acceleration
0.1
_ _ __ _
0.05
1
4 5
8 10
Frequency (Hz)
25
40
Original Design
W18x35
W24x55
fb = 3.76 hz
fg = 5.37 hz
fn = 3.08 Hz
ap/g=0.74%g
Improved Design
Increase Concrete Thickness 1 in.
W18X35
W24x55
fb = 3.75 hz
fg = 5.28 hz
fn = 3.04 Hz
ap/g=0.65%g
Original Design
W18x35
W24x55
fb = 3.76 hz
fg = 5.37 hz
fn = 3.08 Hz
ap/g=0.74%g
Improved Design
Increase Girder Size
W18X35
W24x84
fb = 3.76 hz
fg = 7.17 hz
fn = 3.33 Hz
ap/g=0.70%g
Original Design
W18x35
W24x55
fb = 3.76 hz
fg = 5.37 hz
fn = 3.08 Hz
ap/g=0.74%g
Improved Designs
Increase Beam Size
W21x50
W24x55
fb = 4.84 hz
fg = 5.29 hz
fn = 3.57 Hz
ap/g=0.58%g
W24x55
W24x55
fb = 5.22 hz
fg = 5.28 hz
fn = 3.71 Hz
ap/g=0.50%g
Rule: In design, increase stiffness

of element with lower
frequency to improve
performance.
If beam frequency is less than the girder
frequency, increase the beam frequency to
the girder frequency first, then increase both
until a satisfactory design is obtained.
Floor Width and Floor Length
Floor Width
and Length
D
A
B
Example
Bay
Floor
Width
A
B
C
D
Floor
Length
Floor Width
and Length
D
A
B
Example
Bay
Floor
Width
Floor
Length
90
90
B
C
D
Floor Width
and Length
D
A
B
Example
Bay
Floor
Width
Floor
Length
90
90
150
90
C
D
Floor Width
and Length
D
A
B
Example
Bay
Floor
Width
Floor
Length
90
90
150
90
150
30 (45?)
D
Floor Width
and Length
D
A
B
Example
Bay
Floor
Width
Floor
Length
90
90
150
90
150
30
30
90
2/3 Floor Length
2/3 Floor Length

Bays A & B
Bg = 59.9<2/3 Floor Length
2/3 Floor Length

Bays A & B
Bays A:
Floor Length = 81
e.g. (32.5 + 16 + 32.5)
2/3x81 = 54 < 59.9
ap/g=0.46%g < 0.5%
OK
2/3 Floor Length

Bays A & B
Bays A:
Floor Length = 81
e.g. (32.5 + 16 + 32.5)
2/3x81 = 54 < 59.9
ap/g=0.46%g < 0.5%
OK
Bay B:
Floor Length = 48.5
e.g. (32.5 + 16)
2/3x48.5 =32.3 < 59.9
ap/g=0.61%g > 0.5%g
NG
Final Thought
Strength is essential but otherwise

unimportant.
Hardy Cross
Del 4 al 7 de marzo de 2015. Mxico D.F.

52
Gracias!!

IMCA 1.diseño Por Vibración 2015

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XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero

Del 4 al 7 de marzo de 2015. Mxico D.F.

Available Design Guidance

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Human Tolerance Criteria

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Walking Excitation Criterion

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Walking Excitation Criterion

Peak Tolerance Acceleration (% Gravity)

ISO Baseline Curve for

Walking Excitation Criterion

Walking Excitation Criterion

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Walking Excitation Criterion

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Walking Excitation Criterion

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Walking Excitation Criterion

Walking Excitation Criterion

Section Properties - Beam/Girder

A Frequently Asked Question

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

A Frequently Asked Question

Annoying vibrations have displacements

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Equivalent Combined Mode

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Panel Effective Weights

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Effective Beam Panel Width

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Effective Beam Panel Width

L j < 2 / 3 Floor Width

Cj = 2.0 For Beams In Most Areas

Section Properties - Slab

Panel Effective Weights

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Effective Girder Panel Width

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Effective Girder Panel Width

2/3 Floor Length

Cg = 1.6 For Girders Supporting Joists

Effective Girder Panel Width

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Loads and Slab Properties

(For Vibration Analysis)

Mech. & Ceiling : 4 psf

Floor Thickness = 3.50 in. + 2 in. ribs

Beam and Girder Properties

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Beam Mode Properties

1.5 4.0 = 2307 ksi

n = modular ratio = Es/1.35Ec

XIII Simposio Internacional de Estructuras de Acero. Marzo 4 a 7, 2015. Mxico D.F.

Beam Mode Properties

Girder Mode Properties

Girder Mode Properties

Lg = 67.4 ft > 2/3 (90) = 60 ft

W g = ( w g / L j) Bg Lg =(3055/45)(60 30) = 122 kips