Professional Documents
Culture Documents
nhiu cu t
Mc lc
1. Khi nim c bn........................................................................................... 1
2. Cc ng cn bng pha ................................................................................ 1
2.1. Phng trnh c bn................................................................................ 1
2.2. Gin pha ............................................................................................ 2
3. Chng ct hn hp cu t n gin ............................................................... 4
4. Chng ct hn hp cu t phc tp................................................................ 5
4.1. Chng ct du th ................................................................................... 5
4.2. Chng phn ng ................................................................................... 10
4.3. Chng d ng ph ................................................................................ 11
4.4. Chng ng ph .................................................................................... 11
4.5 Chng trch ly ........................................................................................ 12
Ti liu tham kho ........................................................................................... 14
1. Khi nim c bn
-
Hn hp nhiu cu t n gin l hn hp m cc cu t c th xc nh c v
s lng, thnh phn, chng loi.
2. Cc ng cn bng pha
2.1. Phng trnh c bn
Trng thi cn bng khi:
-
Pi 0
Pj0
Ki yi* x j
K j y*j xi
xj
n
ij i
yi*
ij xi
xi*
ij i
ij
ij i
3. Chng ct hn hp cu t n gin
Ch s hi lu ti thiu:
=
Rx = 1,3.Rxmin + 0,3
Xc nh s a l thuyt ti thiu
C 3 phng php xc nh s a l thuyt ti thiu:
-
N min
x x
lg iD iW
x jD x jW
lg ij
4. Chng ct hn hp cu t phc tp
4.1. Chng ct du th
Du m l mt hn hp phc tp, trong du c cha ti hng trm cht khc nhau,
nhng cc nguyn t c bn cha trong du l cacbon v hydro. Trong C chim 8387%, H chim 11,5-14%. Ngoi cc nguyn t chnh trn, trong du cn c cc nguyn t
khc nh lu hunh S chim 0,1 -7%, nit N chim 0,001 1,8 %, oxy O chim 0,051,0 % v mt lng nh cc nguyn t khc nh halogen (Cl, I) cc kim loi nh : Ni,
Vanadi, Volfram
i)
Gim cng sut thit b ngng t nh v cn bng nhit lng trong thp:
mt phn nhit lng c rt ra sn thp c th c tn dng gia
nhit cho cc dng lu cht khc. Nu khng c PA, ton b nhit lng s b
lng ph ti condenser, mt khc nhit ca dng nc lm lnh tng cao
lm ngng t cc mui carbonate gy h hng cho ng ng.
PA gim cng sut trao i nhit cho top condenser, do lm gim nhit
reflux drum, c nhiu kh i vo sn phm ct v gim lng kh khng mong
mun ra khi drum.
ii)
Ging thp chng kh quyn nhng c h thng bm chn khng tuy-e (hnh 1.7).
4.3. Chng d ng ph
Makeup
Solvent
Methylcyclohecxane
Product
Fresh Feed
Extractive
Distillation
Tower
Toluene
Product
Solvent
Recovery
Tower
Recycle Solvent
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1. Nguyn Bin. Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm (tp 4).
NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2005.
2. Nguyn Th Minh Hin. Cng ngh ch bin kh t nhin v kh ng hnh. NXB
Khoa hc v k thut, 2010.
3. L Vn Hiu. Cng ngh ch bin du m. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2008.
4. Henry Z.Kister. Disillation Design. McGraw-Hill, 1992.
5. V Th Ngc Ti, Hong Minh Nam. Cc qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v
thc phm: tp 14: chng ct hn hp nhiu cu t. NXB i hc Quc gia Tp. H
Ch Minh, 2007.
6. Charles Donald Holland. Fundamentals of multicomponent distillation. McGraw-Hill,
1981.
7. Norman Lieberman, Elizabeth Lieberman. Working Guide to Process Equipment, 3rd
ed. McGraw-Hill, 2008.
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