..

BAR REVIEWER
IN
.

LEGAL AND JUDICIAL

ETHICS
ERNANI CRUZ PANO
Rrtired Court Admini,trotor; Supreme Court:
Law Profe'lOr;
Forme,.ly Judge. Regional 71-iolCourt,
Pos;g. Bn 88. Quezon City;
Mrmb.r, Supreme Court Rules of Co un RelJiaion CommittH;
CommittH Continuou. Trial. 'IHa1 Committee;
PnrtiC'ipont. 1918 Harvard Law School Special Program.
Quaon Cit.\,: lActurer; U.P. Law Center; U.P. College of Law
U.S. T.. Son Bed Collelle of Law; MLQU, U.E.
School of Law; Participant. 1981
Colifornia Judicial Coliege
University of California.,
Actuhmy of71-ia.1Judges;
International Aasociate.
American Bar Association

2005 EDITION

oJ

'"

~---~

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I
OVERVIEW OF E'I'WCS
Introduction
Various Ccmeepte oCEthic:a by Pbiloeopbera

1
1

_....

DlMoal of Eth.ica
L

b.
c.
cl.

e.

,.
t

Lite .................................................................
KnowlecIp
Play ........
A.tMtic ExperieDce: _
.
Sc'Ci.billt,' (FrieDd,hip)
.
Practic::al R.. eon.bJ._
.

1. ,

Il

ReJicioD

2
3
3
3

4
4
4

Part 0
QUBBnONSANDAN8WBR81N1..BGAL

BTWCS

Partm
CASES IN JUDICIAL IH'WCS
1. Men Error DOt GI'OUDd for AdmiDiatrative
ComplaiDt

92

2. Judp Liable for Diami'sal for Contlnum,

Immonl Relation after having been Previoualy
Dilc:ipliDecllor .ucIa Mi8coDcluct
f!...

92:

8. Immonl Aclvanc:. on a Litigant by a Juclp

for DillDi

GroUDCl

I............................................... 93

4. A JucIp should not Depend on Subordinates

to Remind Him ofHia I>ea.d)ine

.,
,..

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oil
'ilf

g.

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I r.. [ I..
I!I a i 11 51
1I t&41.. if&4f t .. ~t It" If}' f 1"1\ i

...
s

881

...

-- ...- - -_._-.....

f'

...

.......

,.

f iI

II

~f.I

p,.

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:...

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ra ~!SJifi~

11

~II

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I

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i
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nnt ifIIitf U Uif itf[f ifIi r~U f f
liili~h,"
Ifl

is
I

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r=

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II

... -

...

t-

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to

to

lisg Ii r I"
I ...

......

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thf!
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&8228

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114

,
)

I
01~ltoI'
4..
42.

O.

Enar 01Juclpent
Dlaml ..

116
_

-.-

DedIIoD "...."....

116

__ ._

118

111

Not aD U.uUlt

1Where Two Charpl

are

SuWant.la11y the Same ._-

Admlnl.teri", Oath Without AIIlant

CeMurabl

...

Not Ivery RuU",

Can. ror Dladpilnal"J

Action

45. Poet

_ ..-

or ee-tlon

- _

from0fIlce

..

S. NotariaatioD 01Document Without Vendor"

8J",atuN II MaJpraeticI

151

..

152

Pr8dJce br Court
QrouncI ,. Di8ml-a ._ _

.38 -

Rule
Attorney. and Admlaaloa to Bar ._-_
..
Rule I38-A - Law Student Practice Rule _ ..
Rule 139 - DI.barment or Suapen.1on or AUomell .:...
Rule 139-A - Intevated Bar 01the PIalllppl_
..
Rule 1398 - D!.barment and Dladpline
II Altome1l
.

t
111
111

11. Conviction oIClient

Not
NOlllpnc:e
_

154

IS. Controve...l. With Client" on AUomq.

'_10 be AwcIIcIetI
_
__

IN

Appendix
Appendix

A_-"'-...... _
........

138

Appenclla
Appe~dix

Unimpnchable Aceounti", 01Client.' rund.

RequI.recI
__ __ _---_._-_

146

2. Preaumplioll of Innocence ._

148

.. CoDruct olin \ereet. ._____.

APPENDICES
,..__ ..._

Appenclix 0

------Appenclix H
-_._
Appttndlal

.,

158
181
B
_ - - -._ C
_. __
.. 191
202
D ~~
,_
--20t
1
- __
_

r _ __
. 231

181

mucs

CouIdereei

12. FlI"" 01MoUoa for IdenaIoD on the Lut

D., and SendJ", It br fteliMred MaU Ihowe
Laek 01Prot-'onal Competence and DlIIpnce ....

128
128

It

152

153

AppencllaA

CASE NOTES - LEGAL

118

PartY

Per.n'"

10. Dlamleaal 01Criminal AdIoD Ground to I)lamia.

DiaM.rmeDt ProceecIlnp
_
__ ._--

or COURT

RULES 138-lst8, RULES

r.. _.....
_..

1110
1110

t. Unaulhorbed

Part IV

I. ~.

I. Nonftll"lfII BrW ._.._._ .......

_._._
1. Contempt IIr DI8napectfta1 Lancuac- ......_-_

__

.._-

Appendla J __ -------

..- - -

256

---.-.
..

251

......__ ..

264
214

.....-.--.---

,__ .... 141

..

148

. Unauthorized SttUement br La.,..,., UDethkaI _

149

.II
,

. t

Part I

OVERVIEW OF ETHICS

f
InIroduCtIon
Ethice .. about how we oqht to tive. What maUl aD
action &he richt, nther than die wronc thine to do.

EtJlDOlolically, the word Ethlce .. fiorD the Greek word

ETIIIKOS,In tum CromETHOS, uu,., character, dispaeilion,
manner and &he more ronnal clennition of ethica .. that, It .. an
inqull'7 Into &he nature, morality or mon) acta; the .arda Cor
the morally pod and riaht. Etha .. the word UIC!d to reCer to
&he eel of rule, prlnelpl_ or wa,. of thlnki", that IUld., or
claim authority to IUlde the actlona of a particular lJ'Oup.
Ethlce 'U.lta
a eet oC dutle. that require u. to lubordl
nate our Datura! detllre Unc:ludln, eexua! desire) In order to
obey the moral law.
VulGus Concepts of Ethics by Philosophers
1. Plato COIIIlderedEtha .. eomethl", Inspired to the
..ker
party by the Ilronpr. AriatotJe thoUlht that virtue haa
to be tauaflt and then practiced, eo that It becomea a habit. The
Chineae philaeopher, Menciua, \hou,ht that humaD bein,. pol_
Innate lienee of right and wro",. They do evil bee.u ..
adyene condition have corrupted tlUlIr nature. RoulIICau .. w
man .. a noble .. yap .. tI.ned by the bounty oC nature. Human bel", Cor RoUSlAClU were naturally ethical being. Il II
dYiUzation and the concept oCproperty that has corrupted tJ\em.
Hume paelta that men are tom between their len .. oChuman

BAJlIEVJEWEllIN

LIiOALAND JUDICIAL ITHJCS

OVElMEW

.'

ity aDd oar aYUicI aDd ambitiaa 10 that the 6mctioa f1l ethies
Ia to reiDl'oree thole eeDtimeDta that meet with the pneral

approval

or aD.

Materialiat phi...,.,... lib Man. Kant. tGptber with

CharIea DanriD cons""" Ethica to ecaaomic arraJIPIDIIlt UDder which bUJlWl Uft - the W81 they produce their rood, their
IIIeaDI 01 productioa wbetbel' they 6ft under a Ceudal or capi.
talIat 8CODOID1. SperihU" CbarIeI DanriD
that the
orfPa olethica ia the IOCial hwtincta which
etbical behavior
motivated bJ the iDltiDdift cIeIire to promote the CIOIDIDOIl
pod. Freud viewed that the oriIiD or ttbies Ia the duire to
reeoIva the conOid bet.eeD the iDdmcIual aDd the collective
ep.

aDd the whole II8lwort ollU~

IlaII: aDdUa" .... ieee,
~
IChooJa, etc.; road ..rely laws aad JII'OlI'UIlIIMI Camille
relieC exped.itiou; fannin, aDd reariq and Iiahina; rooclmll'ketiDg; the I'eaUlCitatioD ollUicida; watchiDr out u ooeltepl
offthebrb.

,f

B. &Owl"",
'l1ae aecond buic Yalae II bowledp, COMidered u deSirable ror ita own eab, DOt mere., iDltrwDentaDy.

c. PIa7
1'be tbinI buIc upect oIbUJlWl walI-being Ia play. A ...
laiD lOll ollllOl'alilt analyzinc hUJlWl poda may owrloolt thia
baie value, but aD aDtIIropoIotiat wiD DOt ran to obeerve thia

DMSIONS OF ETlDCS

""'-11

. ,. 1'be &eId ol Etbica Ia

diYicled illto two pa,u (8) lIeto fIIaia aDd (b) NorrrtIIliIIC edUa

"'eto

,,1Ikt deaJa with the reflICtiou OIl phiJoIOphy 01

eWee; NOI'1IIGliw edUa II applied ethice, a ltudy 01 eWes
iIltendeci to iDOlIIDeI ID8IL NOI'IDatift ttbica ......,. to DOI'1Da,
ftIueI, rule, IlaDdardI 01' prtDdpIe that IIhouId pide our ded.
about what we oucht to do. LepJ ethb II aD uample 01
normatJft et.hica.

AccorcIiDc to John PiDniI, a prd't II III' olLepJ Pbiloeophy

ill the UDivenity ol 0dIrd, ill bit article "Natural lAw aDd
Natural RiPta- the buIc YaI.... are:
A.

or ETHICS

ut.

J
I,

A ftnt buIc Yalae, CIIIr.-p ,,,..Ii.. to the drift 0I1811-pree.... tioa II the Yalae 0I1ire. '11M term -ute- here IipifIee every
aspect or the vitaUtJ (uito, lire) which puta a buman beilll ill
pod ahape Cor l8II-detenainatJoa. BeDel, ure here iDdudee
bodilJ (incIudiJw _ebial) beeJt.b aDd hedom &om the pain
that ~
orpnic ID8lftanctioDin or UVW'7. ADd the recor.
pumut. and realizatioD oIthia buic human purpoee (or
mtemall.y related II'OUP olJlUl1lClMl)are u various u the crafty
~Ie
~.,...,.. olalDUl "eaboard Ieekinc to Itay afloat
until hIa ahip lunIa beck lOr him; the teem.work oIlUl'pOM

i
f

!"tion,

I
I

Iarp aDd irTecludble element ill hwnan culture. More importully, each ODe ol_ can Me the point 01engqiq ill perf'OI'ID8IICI8I which haft DO poiDl beJUDd the perf'ormaDca itael(, enjoyed Cor ita own lake. 1'be perf'ormance may be IOUla'J 01'
aocial, intellectual or phyaical. Itnnuoua or relued, highly
Ilructured or relatJvaly inlormaI, conventioDal or ad Me ill ita
paUerD. ... An element 01 play can IDler illto hlllllaD act.IvilJ,
even &be cIraftiDg 01 enacbDentl, but II alwaya ualytic:ally
diatJnguilhabl. rrom Ita .. rioua- contut; and lOme act.IviUu,
IDterprilet, and iDlUtutiou are entirely or primarily pure play.
Play, then, hu,aDdla ita own YaI....

D.

Aathetlc ElEJNlrleaee

'!be rourth buic COIDpoaent ill our fIouriahing ia authetic

aperience. ....., ronn. ol play. IUdI _ dance 01' lOIII 01' rootball, are the matrix 01' occa.ICID 01 authetJc apea janca. But

beauty II not an IndiapelUNlbleelement olplay. Moreover, beau

tif'ul rorm can be round and eJ\joyed in nature. AeethetJc experi
ence, unlike pia,. Deed not illvolve aD action ol one', own: what
lllOUIht after and Yalued ror Ita own tab may timpl,. be the
beautirul rormoutaide- 0118, and the -mner" aperienca ola,.
predation oCita beauty. But oRen enousfi the valued experience
ia round ill the creation and/or Wft appreciatiOll ollOlDl wcri
or lignificant and -tiatJinI Corm.

.1

E.

8odebillt7 (FrIeMehfp)

PiftblJ, there ia the value of that IOCiability which ill ita

weakeIt form iIrea1izecI b,. minimum or peace and harmoD.)'
8INIDpt meD, and whieh I'UIpI tlIroucb the bma of hWlWl

eommllDity to ita ItrCJD&N& bm ill the fIowwiDg of run fiieudlhip. Some of the coD-bnntioD bet ...
ODe peI'ICIII and lIDother Ia DOmore thaD iDstrumeDtal to the realization by -=h of
hia OWD iDdividuai purpoaeL But fiieDclahip iIlwlvea acting for
the .... of ODe" 6ieDd', JIW"POM8, ODe', frieDd', weD-beiJle. 'lb
be ill relationebip offiiendebip with at least ODe other peI'ICIII
Ia ftmdUDeDtal form of aood, Ia it DOW?
Po

PnIctIc8I BeuoaabIeIaaa

~
there is the buic pod ofbeiDc able to briac ODe"
OWD iIltellipDc:e to bear eft'ec:tiftly (illprIICtical rearonh'C that
i88u. ill ac:tiOD) OD the problems of c:hoosiDi ODe', ac:tiOD8 and
lifest)'Ie shapiDc ODe', OWD characteI'. Neptiftly, this iIlvol_
that _ has IDIUUI'e of efl'ectite 6eec1om; poeititeJy, it illwives that ODe seeb briac aD iIltelligeDt and J'"8O!D-hle order
iIlto
OWD ac:tioD8 and habita and pradic8] attitudeL Tbi8
order iD tum has (i) aD iIlterDal aspect, .. wbeD ODe stri_ to
briJ'C ODe" emoen. and cliapomtiaas iIlto the harmOD)' of aD
__
peace of miDd that is DOt merely the product of cIrup CII'
iDcIodriDatioa DOl' merely paai ... ill ita arieDtatioa; and (ii) aD
atemaI aspect, .. wbeD ODestrives to mabODe's acticm8(wbich
are atemaI ill that they chaap 8t8ta of a8'ain ill the world
and CIfteD ...........
d'ect the relatioas bet ...
per80D8), autheatie that is to .." ,eauiDe realizatioas of ODe', OWD he!7
orcIerecl evaluatioll8, prel'ereDCee, hopes, and self'-determlDatiOD.. Tbi8 ftIue Ia thus complu, iIlvolvinc fnecIom and reuoa,
iDtepity and .utheDtic:i~ But it has IUflicieDt IIDit)' to be
.. tad_oae; aad far label I
"ja1lL'tic:al.---Hp

ODe"

m-

G, ReUII_
8neDthI.J, aad 8DaD.J iD this list, there i8 the Yalue of
what. IiDee Cicero. we 8WDIDUiI.J aad lamely caD -reIicioD-'
For, .. there is the order of mNDS to eDd8, and the punuit of
lire, truth, plq aDd aesthetic uprrienc:e iD .me indiviclualJ,y
seleded order of prioritiee aad patten 01 speri.ljrau.. and

.I.
j

OVEIMBW OFmDCS

Ii

the order that C8Il be Inucht iDto humaa nlatioaa thrauch

oratiua, cammllDit)' aad &fend ... ;p, and the crier that ill
to be brought iIlto ODe" cbarac:ter and activit)' throup iImer
iIltepi17 aad outer autheatic:it)', ao. 6DaII1 there Iri8e auch
(a) Bow are all theee orden, which haft their

coD_"

~t'" ..

immediate oriciD iD hWlWl iDitiatift aad ,... away illdeath,

related to the IutiDc order of the whole a.JDOII aacl to the
oriciD. iD aD" of that order? (b) Is it DOt perhaps tha cue that
hWlWl freedom, iD which ODe riMs above the determinilm of
iNtiDd aad impulse to aDiIlt.ellipnt pup ofwol'thwhile bms
of aood. aDd tIU'Ouch which ODe ahapes and muten ODe', eDviIOIUDIIlt but also ODe', own character, is itself .mebow ,ubordinate to IIOIIletbiq which makes that humaD &eedom, human
~
aad hWlWl mastery pouible (DOt just oriIiDaIIY"
but ~
m_t
to m_t)
and which Ia free, iIltellipDt aad
8IIftftip ill 1ra1 (and _
ranee) DOhWlWl beiDc C8Il be?

QUI8'nON8 ANDANSWUSIN

LBOALITHICS

the ctw.IItng of ta family. Wh.n the owner compliined, he c:Ietd the housing shortage. Also, ....
he Is ... to guMI court record .. Is the Judge ..

Part II

...,

A.

YeL Such UIe oCthe court's premil4l8 inevitably ct.

......
the honor and dipity of the court and beta
prejucticeI the eclminiatration of Juatice. ActiYiUee
oil Judp ill ....pect 01 their penonal alrain are
.ubject to the aupervilOry luthorlty or the court
wbearo,. IUCh CODCluc:t placea the entire JudidarJ
illclaDprolpublic diarepute. (MiD. ReeolutioD,AdJD.
RTJ 89-32'7,17 October 1991, citinl BaNtiG va. 'I'aD,
109 SCRA 417)

3. Q.

May a ...,.,
be conaidtred .. enpging In law
prac:IIc .nhough he does not appear In court IItIo

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LEGAL ETHICS

ptJons'
A.

Y.. AUJ. Ira put work esperIencee u ... .,....

8CODomi.t, "wy.r-m.D.,.r,
l.w'.,..Dt
....
preD8W'oIiDdlllby, ."wyer-n.ptIatorolCODtrw:ta,
aDd ... .,....JeciI1ator oCboth the rich and the poor
- .. rily more thaD aatisf, tb. coD.titutiODaI
raquiremeDt - that he hubeen eJII8&'I!CI illthe prIICtice oI .. w for at leut teD yean.
'!'bIt .,...aice oI .. w ia DOt limited to the c0nduct ill court. (LaDd Title Abatract and Ttuat Co. va.
Dworbn, 1290hi0St. 23,193N.E. 66O)ApanoDia
alao CODIiclarecl to be ill the practice or .. w when he:

"a & & for valuable conaicleratioD eappcl

in the
oI.dvialn,
.,.,_,
firma, ...
IOCiatioDl or corporationa u to their ri8hta
UDder the "w, or appears ill a repreaeDtati.,.
capacity u an advocate ill proceedinp peDCIiDe or proIIpec:tive, before any court, _mi.
aioDer, referee, board, body, committee, or_
ml ....
conatituted by law or authorUect to .....
tie CIIIlboverli. aDd there,in auc:b replil n ....
tive capacity performa any act or acta for the
purpoae of obtaining or defendinl the rilhta 01

wm-

BAR JIVIWER IN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL mllcs

QUEST!ONS AND ANSWERS IN LIGAL mues

tht'ir client. under the Illw.Olherwiae stated,

one who in ~p~ntatlve
capacity, ftllllpa
in the bUlinni of adviling client. as to their
richt. uocIer the law, or while 10 fIIIIIIeCI performa uy ad or actI either in court or out.lcIe
al 0DWt _ that purpoI8. II enppd in the practice allaw. (State ex ~I. Mckitrick va. C.s.
Dudley 8Dd
102 s.W.2d 895, 340 Mo. 852)

eo..

Thia Court in the eaae 01PhilIppine La.,..

Aseociatioo VI. AcraVl (105 Phil. 173, 176-177)

approved, 8Itate property Itill in Iitiption ud attomey for the estate cannot aecute alDOl'tpp eaatract over etitate property. IFomilda VI. Bradi'" 164,
C.R. No. 72306,24 Jon. 1989)
5-

a.

DIstinguish the power to die for com.mpt and the

disciplinary power over bIwyers.

A.

Disciplin8l')' power II broader thaD the power to cite

for contempt. Contempt power does not ahaUit the
court's disciplinary power - a lawyer's act which
obstructs or degrades administratioa oI'justice c0nstitutes both prof_iona) misconduct ud contumac:ioUI conduct.

... ted:

"'lhe practice ofla. II not limited to the

CIODduct01' cues or Iitiption in court; it emIncee the p~paration of pleadinp and other
papers incideat to actioDi and special proceed_
inp, the manapment ofsuch acUoDiud proceecIiap on behalf 01dlents beforejuclpe aod
c:owta. ud in addition, conveyinr. In pneral
aU advice to clients, ud aU action taken f";
them in matten connected with the law incorporation lervicea, useument and condemnalion lervicel contemplating u appearaDCe
before ajudiciaJ body, the forec:IOIureof a mortPee, enforcement ofa c:reditor'. daim in bankru~
ud insolvency proceedinp. ud cooduetinr proceedinp in attachment, ud in
matten 0(at.te ud guardianship have been
bel~ to CIOIIBtitute
law practice, 88 do the preparation ud clraftingo(1egaJ inatruments, where
the work done involves the determination by
the trained lepJ mind of the legal eITecto(facta
ud cond.itioM. (Cayetano VI. Monsod C R.
100113,3 September 1991)
, .
4.

a. Mar

Iawpr execute a mortg'ge

contnlct over

the "laCe P'OI*1r aft., partition Ia 'PPf'OYed but

....... the .....
JII'OClldlng Ia declared dosed?

A.

No. Until estate proceedillf It declared doeed ud

II. project of partition baa been

tsrminated, ...

It cannot be .. id that the aen:ile ot dilcipUnary authority by the court wbea it fa wVuatlJattacked conltitutes the court u oII'ended party, prosec:utor and judlf at the same time.

.. a.
A.

A Iibel.ult II not the remedy of the jucIp becaU8ethe outnqre II directed not to the judp u IUCh
but to the court 88 an organ of the adminiltration 01'
JUltic:e.Also, judlf mUit confine hiI time udulively in diacharging hiI public duties; public in~
elt suITen when thejudge II cIi8robecl ofhisjudic:ial
authority to face hiI auailant 011 equal JrOUDCIa to
prosecute c:aaes 88 a private individual. (Zaldivar
VI. Gonzales, C.R. No. 80578, 7 Oct. 1988)
Ia indefinite suspension
lahment?

of a ...,...

a cruel pun-

No. Indefinite suspension lives the lawyer the key

to the .... toration ofhil richt by IiviDe him chance
to purge himlelr in hll own &oocI time 0( hiI contempt or milconduct by ac:know1edciq his miIcoaduct, exhlbitin, appropriate repentance, ud clemonltratln, hit willinrneu ud capadty to Uft up to
tho exactin, .tandarda required 01 ... 1'7 lawyer.
(Zaldivar VI. Sandipnbayaa, C.R. No. 80578, 1 Feb.
1989)

,.

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jIIo

jIIo

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a~

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5- ~

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uuan

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113r f ~:iii ~ Ii!'- ~ .. r ;;I!~r II. i

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rpi
iq!
~th
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itl
~
hat
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1AI1I\'IIYt'El1N

II

LlQALAND JUDICIAL

JTHICS

"The cIeCIllon 01'" COIoWt In.....-v.

IIIIed cae ..........
a W far ....
:;.
x XL The Court not ofttt put to NfIoua
.... 1Ion III own ........,
.... compefIIIICe

QUISTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LIOAL mDca

1..

Q.

A.

ItS own umpa'g"

com.aon
..... ,...., ,.,.

vadIng .... judIc:IaIJ x XL. Ie suIImiIIId tIIIIt

IhIa
II ... moat .....
reftIdIon on
competence Md In...., and
exemplifies Its manifest partIaIItr tDwards

1\1'"

.... eou.r.

AplaXXL-

A.

'n.rIIDUb mecS. by a bmIr jadp II - ......

ftd aDd warnatllmpolitiGa
ola ftDe. ~ a bmer
Judp. CIIIIIDMI ebouIcI bow that fa .._, IitiptiOD.
.. parV prevaila but bia lUa:eJ!I wiD DOt juItif7
fDcIictmeDtol bribel'1 by the other ~
Reapoucleat II ntitied to bia opiDioDbut DOt liceDeed to inlUll the Court with deroptol'1 atatemeDti aad reo
CIOUI'W to tupmllJIG ad MmiMIIL (8aDgaJang va.

Mere errora in the appreciation

mel-

medicine

...,.,.

Aa

A.

11. Q.

the matter waa pending far .... ,..,.

eInce the rwcommencIatIon waa made. Md further

IhaI complainant had gone and with ..apondent
IInowIng hlln to be a married man, aabd for the
... ml.... of .... cue for being mooIandKldemlc.
1111OSG _ed .... Co..1 to conaIder..apondent
auapended for ......... ,.. period .... c:ase ...
pel
"" _"'waa
notenpgedln lawprao.
lice. II .... recommendation ......... ?
No. 'n.lawyer ahouJd be cIi8barred. ~ the la.,...
a rich man, II not really practiciuc, hIa .npenaioD
weuJclllne DO redeeminJ purpoee. The r.ct that be
II a rich IlIaD and cIoea not practice, cIoea DOt reader
I"IIJi ~t
a perIOD 01 rood moral character. (De
loa He,.. ft. AIDer, AM No. 1334, 28 Noy. 1989)

ol evicIeDce,

bowingly rendered an W\iust deci.sioo are

evant and immaterial in admlniatrative proc:eecllnl
aplnJt him. (Miranda VL Manaiuw, A.M. MTJ
89-159,21 Dec. 1989)

AJtt. A. a

rich man and chairman of a college of

and Vlry much married, engaged In
....... 1nIM:ou,.. wIttIaltUdlntol'"
IChooIMd
begot a child with her. The SoIc:Itor General ..
liar. NCOI'IIIIIIfIde a ......... ,.. auapenaIon for the

A JudIe II exped4!d to follow the ruIeII preecribecl

to eDIUJ'II a fair and unpartiaJ beariD& -the
dift'enat facton that emerp Uwte60m aad beU'
OIl the iIIuea preeented, aad _ the buia ol the
CGDdUliou be fiDally estabIisbecl, with 0DI7 Ilia
CDIIIdeDCI aad bowledge olthe law to picIe him,
acUudicate the cue ~
IC ill the ...
ol
tha judp. the evidence for the del... wu entitied to IlION weliht and credeace, be CIJUIOt be
beld to acx:ount adminietratively for the nauJt ol
Ilia ratiodnatioD. For that II the 'VW1 UDee ol
Judicial inquiry; otberwiM the bunte. ol judicial
orne. would be intolerable.

UDleIIIO poll and patent .. to produce an inf....

enc:e or iporance or bad faith, or that the juclp

lAC. G.R. No. 71169, 30 Aug. 1989)

13. Q.

to ...". "knowingly .....

deNcI" ... unjust declIJon?

but allo Jeopardized

against graft and

When II a judge .Imed

11

A.

When ..
1egIcI?

libeioul

lteternenta

c:onakIerM prIvIo

Tbeeellatementl are privilepcl ooly wIleD relevant

to the iuuee railed. Tbua, in a collectioa cue &led
by a rural bank apiDIt a bOilower, a third parlJ
CDIIIplalnt apin. the bank III8JUI&eI' which imput.to the bank manager ac:tJ misappropriatiaD that
were unrelated to the iuue olindebtednw.
the Iibeloua .tatementl
were not deemed priyj)epcl.
(Paredee _lAC,
G.R. No. 70717,9 May 1990)

or

11. Q.

IIay a judge'" a petition for certIcnrI flo ,...

a
Court of Appea'. decilion which reveraed or
mocIIftecI .... decision?

A.

No. The juclp II only a nominal puty Impleaded to

comply with the rules. A decent reprd for the judi-

the nquilite ftrifted notice oIlenDiDatiOD with the

8ecratarJ 01 the lD&ecrated Bar. (lD Ie Atq. ,,_
PriDcipe. Bar No. 643, 20 Sept. 1990)
20.

Q.

.., .... SolIcItor General muse 10appNI"ln. CAM

lie dJsagrHs wHh the .tand of a pwnment
agency MeIdng 10 be ,.pre.. m.ct bJ his ofIIce?

A.

No. EftD II the opinion or the Solicitor GeneraJ ia

~t..nth
the JOYernment or IDyolita .. nciet be ia apected to rep""D&' be ahouIclltil1appear ancl iDl'onn the Court 01 biB Itand.
Thua, In criminal cues, the Solicitor Ge~~
Th. Solicitor General II
the Ia.,.. 01 the pvernment in IDYUtiptiOD proceecli",. investiptiOD, or matter requiriDI the """
ieee oIa lawyer. The only exception ia when IUCb
Gftlci.I, or .. nta are being eharpcl criminal1y or
are heiDI civilly .uecl ror ellmlces arisiDc from a
~(~
..... CivilSehiceComm
m,GANo.
92561,12 Sept. 1990)
IDI,1 recommenel aequittal.

ta.

Q.

A.

Ajudge did not dIIcIou IhIt he

pending crimi.... c:aes filed Igllnst him It
of his
poIntment. HII d.fen .. wu ChIt he .. presumed
Innocent of .... .,..
befoN his c:onvIctIon. liar
lie be NIIIOVH Ior.uch ncw..cllacloe ... ?

2t.

Q.

Y.. H.1wI the dutJ to dildott aucb iDl'ormatioD to

litter .. eapecltJ .. a .peciaI administrator of ....

............
ta .. of F, The partnership KJV and ....
...... repre..m.d bJ L exec:utM a
cOlltract

IDIbIt the IppolntInJ luthority to determine lUI

.u,ibiJltJ for the ofIlct. E"" proepecti .. appointee
.Ipprile the Ippointm,luthoritJ 01....,. ma~
ter btariq 011 hJa fttDela lOr judicial
lDcJud.
Inr thote thlt reneet on hit InlelritJ Ind probity II
required by Art. YIn, Sec. 7(3) 01 the 1987 ConaU.
tutiOD. (Oflict of the Court Adrnin .......
WI. Juclp
IItldoD.AM RTJ-87.104, II Jan. 1989)

over

omc..

tt. Q. ..,
A.

lawyer fermi"... hla Iter rntmbwahlp?

Yet, anclerSee. 21,M. nofthtJOPBy .......

1J.
,.. old fa".., who had IIGt pradlced hll prorH-

omd.t

tIf)ft

line. hll retlr~mpnt

u I ~m"",nt

WIll

liIowNl to tf.rmlnll~'" 1MCourt after nll"l

Atty. V was the managing ~

of a partnership
KJV and It the 111M time legal counsel of Loin the

auger lands owned

bJ

wIIh

Atty. V

.1gnIng .. fIIIMIII' of the partnerahIp. Charged

wtttI misconduct. hi. defense was tNt lie only
ectM .. ..,.
of KJV, and al.o
heirs of ....
......
ec:qutescecI and c:onsenIM to
COitCIac:t.
.. INa ten8bIe?

A.

No. Thia conduct i1MntTa~ to ArtII. 1461 .ncll&f6

oIthe Nt'WCivil Code. p'I'Ohibitil'll~ui"ihon ortM
dimt'a phlpf'lty. (".ftOft 'of'tM ~
O(~
.. innaJ
RHf'O"I"I"'''lY.nd &-te. 3 .ncl26, Ru.... 1~ RuIN
or Court. Is.. MllnllftqUll v.. "i1II!ps. Adlll k~.
30 A\lI\1I1t 1990)

QUI8TION8ANDAN8WBR81N

The COIjNIIIIon
pI .. aINnt on
.............. ,

, .......
A.

c:IIenI

orwlhout~

DOt birecI OIl a ntaiDer

Uatel&. it iIdeer that A1t:J. )I
...
em,.". .... the tenaiDatiOD albia- ;ice .,..
. emed by 1M labor eocIe. (See fbdro Reeoureea ...
Labor Arbiter. G.R. No. 62909. 'l1Urd DmaioD, 12
April 1989)

18'

llembenhip in Rotar7 and .... collep rra.

temil7 DOt a pound fOr inhibit;ioD. Such members
an apeded to maintaiD the JUcheat lItand.rda 01

CIODtroI

A lawyer for the accIIlHd mcMCI for the ..........

01the appNI 01his client bee ......
Wins",

mocs

pected to maintaiD the rup.t IItaDdarda alprobity.

Tb-. a ClllDplainant cumot uk that.judce iDhibit
hlmeeJr becau. be and the reepondent .... memben 01 Sicma Rho. (See BeIJoejDo VI. Saludo. AM
3297. Min.. BeL, Bra &ute, 6 AprilI989)

mer ......

COfNCt?

aPPNIwaa frivolous. .....

A.

employment - Ie.

No. AltJ. II ...

der the

21. Q.

Id

CIIIOIY

UGAL

probity.
Q.

What .. 1IIIsconcIuct ~ Judge?

lIi.,.,...tuct, which ....
oftIcer'a charader ... pri.... individual. baa cIirect nIatiOD and iIcormectecl
with the perf'ormance 01ofIicW du_ amounting
either to maladminiatratiOD 01'wilfull, intentional
DqIect 01 bia omce. (Cleclera VI. RTC 88-239. 21
June 1989) tu:

proper?

No. lithe Ia.,.belieftI the appeal to be Criw1oua,

he mUll withdraw his appeuuce. He cumot move
to diamia the .ppeal. (People VI. Papro. Minute
ReeolutioD, G.R. HOI.~21.
24 July 1991)

Tbua mere raiJun to pay a debt is not mi8coD-

duct abient ahowinI 01abu.M or .uthority or maIicioua intent.

2I.Q.

Q.

May IIunIc:IpaI TrIal Court.blges

A.

TbeJ IIIa7 act

lid .. Nota.....

.. Hotariel Public Bz 0ffkiJ) only in

the notariutiGa 01 cIocumeDti eoanectecl with the
...-dIe 01 their ofticial fimctionI and dutiee, but
IIIa7 DOt undertake preperatiOD aDd 1ICknowJecIcmeat oIpriYate cIocmnenta, CIODtnda aDd other ada
01 CIODft18DCe' which ...... DO direct n1atiGa to the
perlGnnance 01their ftmdiOD .. judge.

In ,._ bo...... where there are no nolarial public, municipal tri8Jjudae _,. act .. recuJar
DGtarieI public plo.icIed that _ .... tumecl over
to the municipal a..unr. aDd certificatiOD ia
made in the notarized cIocumeDt that there ill DO
.. .,...01' DOtary

Matter

P. 809)

in the mllnidpllity OI'cimliL (Adm.

No. 89-11-1303. MartiDa. 1989 Summary.

11

11. Q.

WhIII .. 1he four.fold duIIea of the

brtefIy. (1.... ,.". '115 Bar)

A.

1bt four.l'oId dutitt 01 the lawyer are

1.

12. Q.

.........

_Dee
1....,....

p. 4).

2.

8.

1...,....

IlnIcture.

prwJudici&I ilia.,...
aide fIl CllDdud =a

i.

...... .,.. A. Ibt

....

w.mar do DOt CODI'orm to

with

hiP

iIlt.etrity and

Sbarewood CIOIDIDenta,

fIl peCt.jJ_~

aut.om - ...
Ia.,.. II _ fIl the palM
cune wills
tDJ ..... or ODIDIDwaity taD be
9iIite4. en. ,.,
tI1ewllaoaJd IIipiIy ror'talol.
.._.
IfUinc.put hID the
..... itudt -11..............
dof'juIta. See
.... ,.....,
UPlull11 n...mc.oanc.fIl~
... ,.,. ...... n
,....
__
the ClllO-

inc 1IDODIt1

=--~

-en. ",dill
1 " fIl the J.pJ "...
........... -.tI
."..,..
.. fIl aD juI&

... aa...-w.. en

",

"iIdaciaI E&hica)

tow'"

COURT -1bt lawyer muat maiDtain

the Court r.pectful attitude. derend the
cow1t tpiDlt UJUuat mtici.m. uphold the
court ... uthority and dignity. obey court orden

BAR - ObIerve c:andOl'.f'aimeu. eourt.e&)' and

tnatblWn_ ill bit conduct towardi other law.

pror-ioD.

perDCIOUrt aDdJucla- ill the

", jaItiae. 80ciIty wiD be IeI'iouII7

1aw tad ......

...m;ni..,....

CUENT - ",. Ia.,.... owet entire dnootioD

to the intereIU 01Ilia client, WanD and ..J ill
the maiDtenaDCe fIl the defenee 01 Ilia righta
aDd aertioa fIl utmoet IeuDinI ability to the
end that DO&hinc be taken 01' withheld &bit client acept ill 8CICIOr'daDce with law. He
ow. duty 01 CllliDpetent and ..,Ioot repretentttioa to the clieat, and IIbouIcI paw
bit
client', tiCftti, prtMl'ft hia fundt aDd propertJ aDd .Yaid -ruct 01 iIltereat.t.

111'8, avoid encroKIunent ill the buiin 01

other Iawyen and upbold the bonor of the

am.. dtizena and

1111II.,...

0II ..

f'oDowt:

and prBII_. and tuiat ill the adminiItration ofjUltice.

1111IICUd7 fIllepJedaica .., Iawyen and law

I&udeDta II iaapartaDC, tad ill rat iDdiapeaaable ill
_,
clelDOCl'lltic __,
cledicatecl to the Rule fIl
WWLIllIIUda'1DCiItJ.1bt 0fIic:e of'tht
i8
ID ..atialllll
d Irpin"i. or IUpport fIl the .aaJ
...

Ii

w.

1mportMce end

(1111.1'71.1'''",
IAplIlhica IIIW
fIl ......
wbic:b
tna&t fIl
ID tt&al..,...&-law owea
to bit ctitDI. to Ibt Ceurt. to Ibt Bar. and to the
public. (.III.,,'" Praf
rullcIeaJa or.
MC ..

A.

t'"

UgllIEINca ........

a.wy.. elite....

Q.

4.

PUBUC - He mud not undertake tD7 actioD

which YioIatee bit r.poDlibiUty to tociety Ii
whole; be must be an exemplar ill the CIIIiD'
muMy for uprich~
...
member 01 eociely. the Ia.".
muat be ready to render IepJ
aid, ro.t.lepI refOl'1Dl, be a cuardian 01due
proa ... aDd aware 01 hia ;peciaI role ill the
toIutioa 0I-w1
problema. be alwall ready to
lend
ill the RUdy aDd .,lutioD fIl
-wi .....,.._
(See Cantela .. va. Medina,
II SCRA403; a.,ort of the American BarAatociatioD, 44 A.BAJ. 1159-1218. 1958)

..a.w-

)t.

j,

Q.

In ....... aboe ... wIIIlhe .. wyer lind hit highest

honor? (1_ Bar)


A.

"'iF'"

wiD ftnd lUI

honor ill a du n wed
A Ia.,.er
. to...w.1a trua and pubIie
reputatioD .,.. ftdeIitJ
..... triotic aDd I-_l
duty"l!D bonM& ...... aDd .. a pa
..." ..
dtizea.

H. Q.

the t.oae of the prol..-ioD. Inc:luckoclill the prohlbi.

tiou are lOIicitatiODofprofaeionaJ employment by
drc:ulan, ad~nta,
Jette .... pereona! commu

What comprII
falmeU befoN

Dicatioaa, or interview8 DOt warranted by pereona!

relatione. Fumilhinar 01 photop'nph, In connection
with the lawyer, cue Ie aJao prohibited. ScIrpraIN
Ie prohibited.

...,.,..
dutY 01 CMdor lind
Court ..... wIIh oCher lawyers?

(1'61 &IIr)
A.

The duty eI caDdor and rainlell towarcla "" Court

requi .... the Ia.,."to ava6cl concealment elthe truth

hID Court aDd avoid lDilleediDi the Court ill aD7

lDa"MP DO mattar how demandiDi hie c:tieat ....,
be... DOdieDt bo ..... powerful aDd DOcaUM bow.
ever iJDportaDt Ie .titJed to receift &om the Ia ..
yerany.me. iIlvolYiDl cIiaboaee&J &0 the Court. A
lawyer tbereIoN abouId DOt JDiaquote the coateDle
eI doculDeDle or conceal racte hID the Court .......
tiaJ to the ,.....ntatioD eI lUI ca..... (See Albert
Service, Court 01 Firat IDItanCe, G.R. (,26364, May
29, 1968). With .... pad to the r.Dow lawyera, Courtel)' ahouJd characterile hlI relation with hie brethren; ill reeli".. ahoulcIlCI'Upuioully be avoided. hi
die trial oldie cue therelbould be DOallusion &0
penonaI hiatory or peraW id~
01coun
aeJ OD die other aide. PenoaaJ colloquy abouId be

,t
"

Tbo canona however pennit. the UN oIlimplo

prof_ional
cardl, publlcatlona in reputablo law
olthe Ia..,.'a name, and that. ofhia auoci_t.e;
add..-, telephone numl'l'r. nable add..-, brierbiodata, names of
"""Iarly ft'PrHI.!nted, with
the JaUera conaenL (See 27, CanUlw of Profeuional
Ethicl).

u...

,lim'"

31. Q.

.. II pennlaslble ~ng
for a lawyer to publl.
.... MMpaper an announcement on the
opening oIa "UpI Clinic" which Inv .... the public to bringtheir c:nH for conDultat1on and advice
to Mid legal cllnlc7

A.

It ia unethleaJ profeuionaJ advertlaement

I_w
yer &0 advertlN the oporatiol\l or Duc:h -Legal
CIinic:... thia conat.itutee IIOIlc:ltat.lon.A IDwyer who
advertlaecl .uc:h a law omce w.. ordered &0 dealat
&om fUrther maid", auc:h advertiaomenL (Bar Mat.ter No. 364, Complaint Aplnat the Legal Clinic.
Su,.... Court Reeolut.lon ol Jan. 22, 1987)

a'fOided.
..

Q.

Howwouldrou
tIon ..... practice 01

...........
A.

37. Q.
A.

~acc
a prole.alon

..... noand not a

ca In

or.

7 (1t72, 1t7' BIIr)

The practice ellaw Ie a proI.....

aad DOt a buaiaua .. It ia aa
ntiaJ part ill the admiDiatntiOD
of jll.ltice. a. proC
ill pul'lUit of which pecuDi.
II)' rew.ard .. conai~
.. mereJ.y inddental; it ia
a PW'lWt orleamecl art ID the Intereat ofpublic: eerv.
ice. (See Rotcoe Pound, 11M lAwyer From Antiquity
&0 Modem 'n1Dll, p. 6).

u.y alNyer

~7

(1'77 BIll)

Direct aDd iDdirect ad'fWtiaemenle are preecribed

by die Canoaa .. 011'....
to traditioa aDd Jowen

St. Q.
A.

What .. law prac:tIc:.? (1'" Bar)

Generally, the practice orlaw lnc:Jud.. ac:tiviu. ,uc:h

.. living rendition or .. rvlce that Involy .. le.81
knowledge or ,kllllnc:ludln,
preparation or plead.
inp and other papel"linc:ldontal &0 ac:tlona and epedaI proceedlnp .. wen .. the drawing deeda and
other conveyaace; the preparation or incorporation
popel"l and livi." 01advice &0 c:lienle .. won .. the
proper interpretation ellt.atu_ Tbe prac:tice oI'l_w
implie8 the coatinuity 01 act.I Duc:hthat theae act.
conatitut.e a meana to earn a Uvellhoocl.

a.u au;YIEWEIl

... LBGALAND JUDICIAL ITIDCS

...

QUlSTfONS

to the preparation and ~

With reapect &hit II law practice wbeD the
flllepI
tt.tenninatiOD by I b'aiaecI IeworkmiDd fIIthe lepl c:onIfQuenceeoCtile ln8tnunenl
:..
the work iJlvoIYII mainly the clerical Ict of
8IIiDI the bIanb 01 prepared Corma which requinlt
DO IepIltucly.
tbiI II merely ICrivemnc and ia DOt
pnctice oIla . (See 5 Am Jur, p. 262)

3.

~!

40.

What .. the MIll" 0I1he

Bar)

A.

II a Corm or public: _rvice or

public: truat intimately related to the Idminiatra-

Philippine Coll8titutioD - Sec. 6, An.. X;

Sec. 8. An.. X; Sec:. 11. Art. VIII;

and 7. Art. X.
(b)

(c)

(d)

lion fII juaticl, in the prac:tic:eor which pecuniary

4.

1.

An.. 1491(6)

2.

Art. 2208

Reviltd Penal Code

204, 206, 208, 207 and 209

R.A. No. 1812, 1277,1198.1168.1080,972

and 42

Canona or Proreeaional Ethlca

(a) Code 0( Proreuiona1 Re8poaaibiJity
(h)

Canoll8 of' Proreaaional Ethic:a

yen

(c)

Canoll8

28. 1914)
prKtIce? (tin. 1871 Bar)

s.c.. 8

Civil Code of'the PhilippiDet (RA 386)

Articl"

nw IepI prol__

rewanIa are CIIIIIidered .. merely incidenta)'lt mUlt

8ipiIy for Ita foIJowen a mental and mora) aettllll
apart hID the multitude -It II a prietthood o(jutice. (See LecIeema VII. Cllmaco, G.R. No. 12816, June
4t.

mucs

LesialatioD
(a)

Itgal prol... lon1 (1'"

Q.

AND ANSWERS IN LEGAL

or Judicial

ror Law-

Ethlca

Q.

What ......

A.

",. railure fila lawyer to e.ercl .. on behalf 0( hll

tlient the bowled"", .klll and abillty ordinarily
poNOlMCi and e.. relled by memberl oC the bar
whonob)' an anuaJ ... II tauaed the cllenL (7 Am
Jur 2d AllyL, Set. 187," "fl.)

43. Q.

Give a bltel hl.lory 01 the Canone 01 ProInaloMl

Ethic

Ca) Wh.. IN lhe IOUre., 01 Legal Ind Judicial

A.

Pllnn.ylvanla JUlllce 0 .... ,..,. 8h .... woocl publ .... 1I1d

In IIIA4 hi. EHHAV on LI!:OAL E'rJlIC8. Earlier.
o.,ld l'olTman wnltAlhi. ...I....
ly ReaulUtlll... dual.
In. with 18wy.,,' duU ... In 11181.1111H11a. (Joud.
Jun ..
th. Alahama 'ldr pro.,. ..... ado..""", 01 a
Ccldl or '''''11111t<:lhll'. l1l. aide WII. d,.n..ct In IH1t3
and acl"pl_d III' ""'111111... , IHlt7. 'tl'lmlMlllud AllCIIIOIUI.'n 10011,till Alllllrll'an nil' A-ocl.Ucm "'''IIl.ctd
tI.. Call1l.. l. Nllw eanc",. w..,. IlIlrucluccoclln 111:18.
loaa .lId 111:'7. 11.. AUA r..'''''11 01 ...... 1 Jl;tJlic:a
wa d"lltctd by thl 'hll.
A- ...I.II"n In 11117
1Ic1thl. ,,"II,.lIl1n Will ",.l.....
d In 111<111.'"tl ........ ,a.

42. Q.

IthIc,? ,t87'.a"
(b)

1Aumer .... he prtl1CIPllIOUrCN of legal eth-

'
"
70
n..,a,.:
Ie.

A.

let)

I.

ft.,'11IOCIR.,Iee"'('IIUI1_ 11111.,.13", 137,1:18,

131, 13ft.\, 140, lIN. II, Rill, I"~j "-e. ~1Cb).
Rule 130, ..... 7,R.,1e M'' ...._
I' I 7
nPIT. U. ,,,.

I.

~~'t""lInld....I.lllni

""1"."" (!uul1.

II' CClllrt

o( AI'llItal lId

Treatlea and writilll 0(",1 luminari .. Jlke

(a) Jea.up (b) Wanelle
(c:) Maltolm
(d)
Cheatham (e) Shanwood m Hicka (I) Drinker
(h) Archor

0'

'loa,

 --ALAND JUDICIAL E'I1fICS

BAR REVIEWER IN .......

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LltGAL F.THJes

.
. Bar AsIOciation adopted a ne.
time, the ~
RespoDlibility on August 12,
~:, ~h:
:~~rwent .everal amendments until

A.

1976.

44.

Q.

v...._u.

...a.. the portion. of the 19.7

S.... In your
of C
Con.tltutlon and of the New Rul..
ourt that
ref" to the practlc. of law, and the ob rvance of
legaI.thles. (1973 Bar'

wtion).

Soc. 5, Subeec. (5) 0( Art. VIII o(the New Constitu.

tion (1987) provides that the Supremo Court shall
promulgute rules conrernl~g the enforc~me.nt oC
Constitutional rights. pleading and practice In all
courts, the admillllion to the practice of law, the In
tegrated Bar, and legal aSlistance to the underprivileged.
Rule 138 0( the Rulea 0( Court pl"Ovldea that
the Supreme Court shan conduct a yearly bar ex
amlnntion undor tho direction oCa committee of bar
examiners proaided by one of the Justices, the quali.
ft('ations ror admiaBions to the bar, doftnea the duo
tiM oC attorneys, tho grouncla or suspension and di.
barment the compenlation oflawyo ....
45. _Q.

What Is the .xtent and scope of the power of the

Supreme Court over edmls.1on to the practice of
law? Explain. (1972 Bar)

A.

The ri,ht to admit member. to the Bur la. and hOI

always been, the exdwdve privilege of tile Supreme
Court. bocaU80 lawyer. are nlembe ... or the court
and only tho Supn'mo Court Ihould be allowod to
d"tormlne adm] ... lon then'to In the Interest of the
prll\('lple or tho II!paralion of powe .... The power II
Judl('I,,1 In tho .. nao thnt dllJ('retion la uaod In Its
oxC'1'('11IO
(In re: Cunannn, et nl., 60 0.0. U;o2).

41. Q.

The prilllllJ)' power and ft8ponsibility to admit membera of the Bar ft8ides in the Supreme Court. (In
re: Cunanan, et a1.,150O.G. 1602). It is noteworthy
that unlike the 1935 and the 1973 Constitutiona,
the 1987 Constitution no longer provides ror the
power of the legislature
to repeal, alter and
lupplemont the rules promul,ated by the Supreme
Court (See Sec. 5, subeec. 5, An. VIII, 1987 Conati-

47.

41.

Q.

A .ucc ... ful bar candidate who had I pending

ca .. with the Supreme Court wa. allowed to .Ign
the Roll of Attomeya by clelk but was unable to
talca hi. oath befora the Su.".....
Court. H. paid
hi. IBP due. and wal duly IIst.d I.qUlllfl.d voter
by the IBP. May he practice law without having actually tak.n his oath of office?

A.

No. 'Ib be admitted to the bar, he must take hla oath

before tho Supremo Court. (See. 17, Rule 138; In re:
Elmo S. Abad, B.M. 139, March 18. 1983)

Q.

What I. your conc.pt

Law"? D.flna "Practlc.

A.

R.a.on.,

of

Practice of Law is the doing or portorminc or aervices in a court or judice in a proceedin, the in, including It.o,aladvice and coufUlOl,and the p para
tion or 1"101 inlltrumonts and c:ontract by which
rights are IIO('Ured, although sUC'hmatter mayor may
not be pending in a court. fSmallberg VI_ State Bar
of California, 297, p. 916). 'Ib practice JaW- is to
carry on the bUlinellll or an attorneyatlaw (People
'18. Peoplo's Trust Co., 167 N.V.S. 7671. Pn.oparinc
documents Rnd renderinc other 8ervit'ea involvinc
the UN of legal knowlt.-dge and skill, margilll ror
such IOrvlce8 are within the term "pradice oClaw.(reol)le '18. Poople's Stockyards Staw Bank, 176 N.E.

901)

May Cong" validly l'gl.lat. to Idmlt I partIcular person to the practice of law In the Philippines?

of the tarm Practlce

of Law."

BAR REVJEWER IN

28

J.I(lALAND.lVD1CIAL BTHICS

,
49.

QUES'l'JONSANDANSWERSIN

...,... use In his pleading,

Q.
A.

A.

Md IIW ~1
1188 in his law practice the
The lawyer shoUld ~Y the RoDor AttorneY'. Thue.
name which .p~
uame in the Ron 0( At.
a Ia~ wh~..
RaJDOI may not 1118 the Dame
tomeya II DioDi81O
the aDepti0D8 that his real
Pecbo D. de RaJDOI on
Pedro DioDilio (See P8JII8D VI. Ra moa, 93
name ia
a lawyer who ia registered in the
SCRA 87). 'lbua.
.oniai Ramoa may not em.
Roll or AttomeYI II Di
0
I the
Pedro D. de RamoI even if"his nlUlle
poy
name
i0 RamOl an d
iD hie birth
certiftcete ia Pedro D'101Wl
hia mother'a eurname ia Dayao. A lawyer 11 only
authorized to U8I the lI8IIle reciateJ'ed in the Ron of
Attomeya. '!be U8I of other II8IIleI would be dace,.

Q.

Explain the ...... ,. oftht rtght to practice law. What

Ia the n.... ,. of the rtght to prac:tlce law?

A.

The rilht to practice law ia not a natural or couti

tutional rilht (In re: Gibbs, 278, p. 371), nor an abo
solute richt (In 1'8: Llnuevo, Adm. C... No. 1162,
66 SCRA 245) or a richt dtjure (In n: Ellla, 203, p.
957), but ia a privile,. or &anchiae (In n: MiIlor,
244, p. 376). The ri,ht to practice law ia Dot
"property" (In re: Edwarda, 266, p. 665). It cannot
be ualgned or inherited, but must be earned by hard
study and pod conduct. (In 1'8: Clifton, 155, Sec.
324).

51. Q.
A.

B.

CitizeDB of the United State. may be aDowecl

to practice law berore the c:ourta of the Philippines upon aatiarldory proof
(1)

That they were duly Uceoaecl memben of

the Philippine Bar berore July 4, 1946;

(2)

That they were iD the Ic:tive prlCtice 01

law iD the c:ourta or the PhilippiDel and
iD aood and regular lWMIiDl, prior to July
4,1946;and

(3)

That they have talteo the requisite oath

or oft'ace.(Sec. 3, Rule 138, Rulee of Court).

Filipino citizeu, who .... enrolled attomeya

iD aood .tandiD, iD the Supreme Court of the
United State. or in any circuit court of appeale
or diatrict court thereiD, or in the hi",_ court
of any State or Territory or the United Statea,
may alao be allowed to prectice law iD the Phil,
ippin .. upon aatiafactory proof:
(1)

(2)
(3)

52.

By aatiefactory certiftcatea that they have

been in the prectice of law for at leut 5
yean in any or aaid courts;
That such practice bepn before July 4,
1946; and
That they have neither been .uspended
nor disbarred. (Soc. 4, Rule 138, Rules of
Court).

Q.

A Filipino citizen who Ia a member of the New York

State aar, Dlatrict of Columbia and State of VI...
glnla aars, who has obtained hla law degree from
the United Stat .....
k. edmlaslon to the Philip.
pine bar invoking the dl.cretlon of the Court, cit
Ing Sec. 4, Rule 131; eIao on the ground of comity
and the ruling In In N: Shood.41 Phil. 213. Will the
petition pro.per?

A.

No. Tho dillCl"Ctionof the Court to admit memben

oCthe bar may be t'xerriec.td only when the applicant

Who may prieta law In the Philippines? Who a,.

entitled to prlCtlce law In the Philippines?
Any Pft'8OD who baa been duly admitted 88 a memo
ber or the Bar, or ma,y hereafter be admitted in _ccord.nee with the Rulee oCCourt, and who i. in aood
and ft'CU1ar standi"" is entitled to practice law. (Sec.
I, Rule 138, RuJee oCCourt).

NOTE:

WMt name shOUld

tiOD.
50.

LEGAL EnUCS

10

'cd th.U the requiromenta or See. 4

~ or reciprocity cannot be inv~
Rule 138. Co m ll1_rna reciprocity and our Ial
bocaUIlO IOCB l aw.v'_
-""t I
. Shood ~.
rovIde for.uch redp""" Y ~ reo
, It Ie
do not p
trolUIII .. it w.. clecidcd under the
w';'fr
C'AclmillloD.,._.d in 1920 butlUpa,.
:ec.cdub01~e 1964 Rulea or Court. (See Bar Matter
No. 419~Feb.ll, 1981, Petition forAdml88lon totbt

QUIS'I'IoNSAND AH8W!R8IN LEGALmllal

baa tomph

nar

or Ramon

Qul.umblna;

eeo .110 In

fa:

NIA board

.. counl.1 for one of the defendIn" In an action befoN the Manila Court to ....
I marftIme law, .... client of Atty. Q being one
of the cargo ownera. ut." AttJ. Q wIthdNw ..
coun ... for the ellant Ind prlV.d that hi. eN".
Int lien be r.cordtd on hi. client'. cargo .. the
venue. He alto IIIed with another court In RIuI an
action or r.covery of prof lon.l .... ag
hie

ron:.

JOlt

The Solicitor GentrII NqUHted the City Flac .. of

Nag. to .ppear In I civil reolltry c In the Itt.
...-...quell. the City FIIaI w In.truct.d that the
petition Ia granted. the
FIIcaI ,hould not tal
to .ppe.1 w"hln the Nglemtntaty period. Old the
deleg.tlon con.tltutellte City Fllc.ll. coun 1for
the Republic, for purpo ... of computing the ap.

cU.nt and MCurH an .... chm.nt over

car

cIeImed to be owned a.,.. cIIent.

Ing lien w.. sought to be ..corded.

A.

The SaJit'itOl'Goncll'llftlmAina roun8t'1 or the Rl'publie wich tho City FWaI ""inc only the I't'pl't'lttnla.
tive, 10 chat thf pC'riod h IppM' mUlt be coun~
from t.ho time thf SoIiritor-GcoMraJ ft''ivt!8 mil)'
otthto~.
(SH Rt-puhIit va. Dt-la Crua, 118 SCRA
18; abo 'hnpa 0.., va. ~blic. 17 SCRA 535).

58. Q.

A.

IUbmIItIId to the Court .Igned

a., the NIAatto.ne,. but not by the SoIlcJtor.Gen.
.... The IpecW pow., of IItomey In favor of the
NIA attorney was execue.d four months Ifter the
approval ofthecomp" ..niMlgr'Mment, II the ~
promJae ISIrternent valid?
A

No.n.
lUI. n.~

Il...

acreetawet it woicI and iDeft'ecDOt empowered

by 1M

al1AlnatJo....

The cha"",..IIton t'ltnnol be Oh(omld. Thi. I"'" can

be applit'4i only to lUnd. or dum ..nt. or the client
whl('h had lawfUlly mme to th. poIINNion ot coun.
..I. HC're the IMoIl
to be nIC'Or'dC'd onl1
1ft the Manila Court had alNaely ordC'rt'd the ....
or the CIII'JIO.Uk"wI ... lnatoad o( nil", I ... parate
at1.lon with the Rizal Court tho lawyer iIhould have
intC'rwllC'Ci only in lhC' MAnila Court (or 1"t'('Oft'1 01
prof'NlionaJ r-. ..the Manila Court had juriediction to pull upon the qUC'lUon or oWhC'rMlp ot the
CIIrpeI. (Sw Quuha ... .ruan, 118 SCRA &05).

W.. _I,,,,

K. Q. The SollcJtor.GentnlllPPMlM IS coun 1for the

Natlonallnlpllon AdmInistration which was ,ued
a., heirs of the cite IIHd when I trucIl of NIA colo
IIdecI wtth IIrIc:tor of plalnllfts. At the p,..trlll, NIA
WII ,.presented by I member 01 Its legll .taff,
upon ........ of the SoIIc:itor>Generai. A comproo
.........

c:argo

chergo
ManAl
Court had alrHdy onterad th. III. of the cargo. Ie
the charging lien proper?

pulpertod?

A.

to execute the comproml ..

(See Republic va. Plan, 116 SCRA 70).

AttJ. Q ~

Q.

Miguol Diokno, 191\8; Ricardo JOIIO Romulo, 1968

and AIt'jRndro J.jt'hatl(O, 19M)
11Q.

or dlrecton

qreemenL

5S.

II

57. Q.

Ma,

non-aa.,., practlc.

law? R.alon.

No. AppC'arInc ..

COUMe) without Wi. I 1DeIIIbC'r

otthe bucoutituttw iUC'p) prartice oI'law becauae
only mt'mben oIthe bu are allowt'Cl to pndice law.
CZt'ta va. Malinao, Adm. Cue No. p.22C). DtocembC'r
20,19;8),

Defendant'l In .., to. compl.lnt was .Igned by

non-a.w,.r; It....pI'eotNl. neither defendant nor

counsel aPPHM and defendant WII dec:IIred In
I

I.

default.

u.."

I motion for reconl'derlitlon

WII

BAIl

UVJIWEIl DI L,lGALANDJUDICW. miles

a~'

lied. .~~_I!........
apInSt....- .

Judgmentw..... ~
th.,.
a denl.1 of due Pfoc.

pearance mUll ba either penonaI or by duly

authorized member or the bar. (Sec. 34. Rule
138, Rulea of Court)

...
?
A.

N bec:aUII derendant "' .. repreaen~

by la
0, in IUbleqUeDt ....
ofthe cae. Mia righta_.._
proe.ect.ecL (See GubIIla VI. Cquloa. 78 SCJlA

:plJ
2(3),

5I.Q.

59. Q.
A.

Yea. accueed ia entitled to new trial .. be was de.

nied the due proceas. (Delpdo VI. Court of Appea)a,

GIve lnltancts where non-I.wy.,.

lad practice of law.

2.

6.

Law .tudenta under Rule 138-A.

A and B who are law students entenIcI their appearanc before the Municipal Court .. prIv_
proMCutora In a crlmlnal CIII. ThIs was disallowed
by the trial Judge. Is this COINCt1

A.

No. A nonlawyer may .ppear _. friend of the party

before the Municipal Courta under Sec. 34, Rule 138
Rulea or Court; be may make auch appear&.-. ei
ther _ def..... cou..... or pri .. t.e proeec:utor under
the control .nd eupervilion 01 the ftac:al. The pe...
miulon of the ftecaI ia not neceaeary (or the .ppe....
ance of. private proeec:utor, althouih ifhe 10 wiahee,
the Raeal m.y diaallow participation ill the trial by
handlln. the cue pel'lOnally. (Catimbuhan, It a1.
VI. Hon. Cruz. G.B. N... 61813-14, N~. 29, 1983)

.... allowed 11m-

Azq oOkiaI or other pel'lOn .ppointed or deelpatecl in .ccordance with law to appear for
the aovemment of the Philippinea. Thia om
daI baa aD the rich" of a duly authorized member 01 the Bar to appear in auy cue in which
aid pemmeat baa int.erelt clirect or inclirecL
(Sec. 33, Rule 138, Rulea 01 Court).

or

Any qent, not an .ttorney, may repraent the

lot owner or claimant in a cue fallinc under
the CadaatraJ Act. (Sec. 9, Act 2259)

60. Q.

Supreme Court baa provided for exceptions alJow.

iDe penoIII who are DOt membel'l of tile Intep'ated
Bar. to .ppear in court, IUch II:
1.

by coun.. l?

G.B. No. 46392, Nov. 10, 1986)

In the court a mUDidpai juclp party IDI1

CIODCIuct
bia litigation in perIOD, with the aid
oIan .,.nt or friend appointed by him for that
purpoee, or with the aid of au attomey. In aD1
other CIOUl't a party may CODduc:thie litigation
peI'IODa)lyor by aid 0{ au attorney, and hie apo

Any perIOD, relideDtolthe province and ofpod

repute for probity aDd ahiIi~ may ba .ppointed
GIIDnwy ,. ofido to aid the defendant in hIa
def ..... in IoeaIiUee whe ... duly authorized
mambal'l 01 the bar .... DOt available
ever the cravity or the oa..... and the dim
culty or the queatione involved warranL (Sec.
Rule 118. Ibid.)

.he.

In a c:rtmInII CIII for .flfI. lCCuHCI was .......

........ by a ~whO
ml.1ed ICCUMd Into
believing that hi "I a I.wyer. Accu.ed w.. c0nvicted by the R.glolUIl Trl.1 Court and the convictIon ... dinned by thl Court of Appe .... May the
comIdIon be Itt IIIdt on the ground that acCt_ ...

was not,......mecl
A.

8.

11. Q.
A.

What Is the Law Student PNCta Rule?

Rul. 138A allowa a law .tudent who baa completed

the third y.ar of the I couree to .ppear without
compenaation ill any dvil, criminal or .dminiatra
lion bafore .ny trial court, tribunal, board or omc81'1 under the (oUowiDI conditiou:

 "",,,'.AND JUDICIAL ETHICS

BAR REVJIWIR IN.......-

eoroDed in a recognized
1)

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LBGAL I:'nUca

.
law

echool'a dbai.
by the

~w education program approved

The President, Vice-President, the Member.

the Cabinet, their deputiea or uaiatant (Sec.
13, Art. VII, New Conatitution),

7.

No lenator or member or the House olReprelentativea may penonaUy appear as COUDIeI

berore any court or juatice or before the elec:toral tribuna1e or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies. (Sec. 14, Art. VI, 1987
Constitution) Note: The euc:t meaning or the
phrase "may personally appear" will still require judicial construction.
It is not clear
wbether this means that the legislator should
DOt physically be preeent but lawyers oCbis law
office may appear in court,

8.

SUlpended attomeys ror the duration or their

auapenaion (In re: David, Adm. Cue No. L-98,
July 13, 1953).

Supreme Court.
2)

He appearl under the dired supervision 1114

control ora member of the Integrated Bar dul,
accredited by the law.

3)

The pleadinp, briefs, memoranda ....

by the

62.

Q.

Is the law

supervising attomey .

BiIbed

student subject to the standards of pro.

.... 1onaI conduct governing lawyers?

A.

Yee, ..

provided by Sec. 4 of Rule IS-A.

13. Q.

WMt Is the IIUIIIty of the supervising lIttorney for

.. 11u,. to provide adequate supervision to the student?

A.

The IUperviaiDc attorney may be subjected to di8ciplilwy proc:eedinp. (Sec. 4, Ibid.)

....

Q.

~certalnmemberaofthe

IS.

Q.

Is the peyrnent of privilege tax prerequisite

practice law?

A.

Yea, a lawyer mUlt pay the requisite annual privilep tax on lawyers, wbich is fbred by law in the
sum of P75.00 annually, payable in cub, or in two
iDataIlmenta. (Sec. 201[a), CA No. 466 as amended
by R.A. No. 42).

K. Q.

DefIne Attorney de OIIc1o or Counsel de OIIc1o.

(1974, 1985 Bar)

A.

AD Attorney de Oficio is a practicing attorney appointed by a court or justice to render proreaaional

aid Cree or charge to a party who is destitute and
unable to employ an attorney, or who may need the
eervicea or an attomey to secure the ends justice
and to protect his rigbts. (Sec. 31, Rule 138, Rules
orCourt; Sec. 3, Rule 116, Ibid.; People ..... Holgado,
47 O.G. 4621).

INIrwho ......

hiblted to prKtk:e.
A.

The memben of the bar who are prohibited to practice are the rollowing:
L
2.

Judges. 01'
0fIiciala or employees of the superior courtl,
01'

3.

or employees or the OfIice of the ~

lidtor GeueraJ (Sec. 36, Rule 138, Rulee of
0f6daJa

to

or

<Aurt),
4.

or

6.

The beada of deputmente and chie& 0( burea~ or ~

and their uaiataDte, cluriDI
their CIODtiDlWICe ill office, and

I.

dWrmeD and

=,,~(Sec.

members

or the Coutitu-

2,Art.IX,NewCou-

17.

Q.

Who may be appointed

(1974, 1985 Bar)

as Attornay

de OfIclo?

LBGALAND JUDICIAL

BAR UYJEWEIlIN

mucs

'I'be aUorDe1to be appointed or uaignecl muat be

duI,JautborUed member oCtile bar. The ~
CIIQ.
.uleriDc the .... vity of tile otre~ and the diftleuIt,
of the qU8ItioDI that may ante, aball appoint ..
COUDIIl_ o{;dD 0DlJ auch members of the bv ...
." r.IIID oCtbeir aperieDce and ability, may in the
CDW'fI opiDion, adequately cleteDd the aceued. <Sec.

A-

QUlSTJON8ANDANSWU81N

GIve the ucaptlon to the last prKedIng ........

ID IocaIitiaI where duIJ authoriaed memben 01...
aN DOt ano.ble, the municipal court IDaJ iD
ita diaa .... admit or ....... a perIOD. .. deal iD
the jW.iiute ad aI'pod repute for probitJ aDd abiJ.
it7. to aid tile defeDdant iD his defeue. altboup _
&he ,.._
eo admiUed or .";pecl be DOt a duly
aathariaed member aI' the bar. (Sec. 4, Rule UI.
lbitI.)

A-

..

..

Q.

A-

&pIMa the rtghI ofllllomey appointed

daa8cio.

..

71.

....

CIDIIIt

Q.

A-

72. Q.

A-

a87.1r JOOd C8IIIe abowa. aborteD or

A.

:::::.:a.......

of appoklll'iIiiiI1I filII-

1._~ '.

Ilia"",.""
~.

Deo

..

CS:A Me. ~l Sec..

c..t; Sec..

u.

ricbtto .... aD~

" ....II"
!i ~ &om die ..
5

.....

5_.

Iiaal. ., .... d ,An..

I. Jbale

fII the judgeus. Rrriaed

am. .,

1Y..lt73

Pbffil'lliM CIIII: ite-

aaimiul

cue au! .,

No, .... ttorney Ie pl"MUmeclto be propedJ .uthorIaecl to repreaeDt an.)' c:auaa ill which be appean.
and DO writteD power ofattorDeJ ia requind to autborize him to .ppear ID court for hie elieDt. (Sec.
21. Rule 138. RuJee atCourtl.

c:ouni.I

--.I ....
time. <Sec. S. Kale 1l8.1bitL.)

71. Q.

Is It nece ary for an attorney to MClIN from his

a written authortty to appe. In cowt?

client

Wh.t .. aa at&omey" o{idD iI employed or ..

lipid ~ ....amt to delead the acc:uaecl either at
.... ~.
at .... trial. be IhaD be p._a
.. aoa..... time to CIIIIIIUh with the "CCIlaecl ad
,. ...... add
we be6n pn .. inc ftu1beriD abe
caIe" wiIicIa IiaaD DCIt be _
thaD two (2) boun iD
_ol.mp=
..ad two (2) cia,. iD cueofCrial.
-

17

without .ttorney, the court mUlt iDl'ormhim that It

Ie Ilia rlcht to ha.....
attorDey Wen beiq ....
ralined. The court muat uk him If' be cIeeine the
aid or attorney, aDd If'be ...
80, but Ie poor and
CUl DOt afford to bin the .me. of ... att.orDeJ.
the court shall .ppolDt a COUDMltJ.o(idD to auiat
him IDhie defeaae. (Sec. 3, Rule 118. awe. ofCow1;
Sec. 23,Art.IV, New Coaatitutioo al'the PbilippiDae;
People va. Holpdo, 47 0.0. 4621).

4. Rule 118.RuJeIof'Court).
II. Q.

LBOAL miles

n.

Q.

May a practicing lawyer be r.quIred to produc:e

prove hla authcwtIy to I11III In Court? eo. ......

or

.,

Yea. the presicliac judp me" .. motic.a at either

puty aDd ......
aoa.bIe IJ'OUDCIa thenf'ore -...
IbowD. require an.y att.orDeJ who ...
the richt
to appear ill a c:aae to prvcluce or prowe the authorit7 UDder which he appears. aDd to eli........ wbea... patineDt to an.y iuue., the DAme al'the penoD
who emplo)"edhim. aDd ma.J cbenupoa make 8UCb
order u juItice requira (Sec. 21.1lri4.)

a_

May an attomer

voIuntartIr app

for

a peraon

without being employed?

A-

No, aa att0rDe7 ma.J DOt appear far a penoD _iii

employed or retaiDed ." 8UCbperaoa. f1
C.J.s.lH5l. AD auome, wilJfuDy appeuiIIc ill court
far a peraoa without beinc employed. UDIen." .....
of the eoun. may be pWliabecl lor CODt.emptu
... omc. ol&he courl who baa mieheN .... ill Iaia
omn.l tI'aIISIICtioDL (Sec.. 21. Rule 138, RuJee aI'
be ia iD fact

Court).


74-

&\It 1tI\'1I1I"EB IN LllGALAND ,lVDIClAL B'I1IICS

a.

QUES'nONS AND ANSWERS 1M UGAI. E11IlC8

ora.
caa..

..., Ihe ScDcl. GenInI ,.."...nt pubUc

WI who .. c:hIrged ICC'lItc1ln a crtmiMi
.. Ihe preIIrnIMrY InveStigation stage. or

77.

the

a.

IIay a dlent dJamlss his attorney .a any time or

8UbstIba In hla pIKe even without C8UH1

A.

Yee, it ia the richt oIa clieDt to dilmiM" cli.ecbarp

bia lawyer 01' lubetitute aDOtber ill hla place. (Sec.
26, Rule 138, Rulea 01 Court). The richt oIa c:IieDt
to diac:harp bia attomey iDcluciea the richt to make
a cbaDp or aubetitutiOD oIattomeya at aDl atap 01
the proceeclinp either with 01' without caue. (7
C..r.8. 950). In aucb a C&N, however, the attomey
mUll eecure to him the rea he baa aIreacI, eamecl
aocI to which he ia richtfu11y entitJeci. (6 Am.. Jur.

trial?
A.

75- Q.

A.

The SoIiciIar GeDeral ia DOt authorized to rep~

public oIficiaIat aD1 ataae of a crimiDal cue. 'l'be
nilinc ill preY10Ul caaee (AntiGraft ~
aDd
Ganido) were abaDcIoned. There could be. COIaOic&
01 iIlterat if the SolicitoOr Geoeral defends the ..
cuaecI at preIimiDary IDYeltiptioa but wbeo the C':aIe
ia filed ill Court. aM the public official ia conYicted,
the SaIicit.or GeDeral mllltappear for the People ~
the PbiJippiDllaM repneent the proeec:utioa. AIao,
the accuaecI public oft5cial ia c:barpcl ill bia PriYate
capedtJ. (See UrbaDD .... Chaves. 183 SCRA 347).

248).
7L Q.

Plaintiff was represented by Atty. A. WIthout Atty.

A having filed a withdrawal,
Atty. B filed an
'"Appearance and ManlfHtatJonlOon July 17,1984
and thereafter all pleadings and court onIefs were
furnished by Atty. B. The decision In the case was
Htved first on Atty. A. and one month Jater on Any.
B. For purposes of computing the appeal period.
which daW of receipt would be conlloillng - that
on Atty. A. or Atty. B1

A.

The controlling elate wouIci be the receipt 01the clec:iaion by the new lawyer because oIthe dm'IMfP"O'
that all previous orelera ancI pleaclinp were aIreacI,
leJ'Veci on the new lawyer although there was 110
.peciftc withclrawal by oriJiDal CIOUDIeL
(See DoIorea
cIe Mesa Abaci ft. Cesar cIe Mesa 'Ibpacio, G.R. No.
L-42226, July 9, 1985)

a.

Ia lawyer obliged to accept every c:aae pr... nted

While Ihe c:aae II pending before the court. mar

an domey be allowed to retire at any time or II
any stage 0I1he proceeding. even without the
consent 01 his dlent?
No, aD altorDeJ mal DOt retire &om aD actiOD ar
8peCial pra oeedinp, without the colUleDt bia elieDt, aDIea the court. on notice to the client ancI attomey, and 011 heariuc, c1etermine that he ought to
be allowed to retire. (Sec. 26, Rule 138, Rulee 01

or

Court).
71.

a.

S.... some grounds lawyer may validly wtthcIrII

counaaI for his dlent.

A.

71.

tohlm1

YaIidly withdraw u coUDlel upon: (1)

. inaiat.euce to foUow an wijuat or immoral
coarae ID the concIuct olbia cue; (2) client'. perm&IDCI Oft!' att.orDetl objections, to preeent rmoIoua
~1DIeL
(Canon 44, Canons
Profeuional
EtbICIJ); (3) where the client c:onducta bim~lt.

A.

Jt. a pneral rule, 110 lawyer Ie obUpcI to act either

u adviaer or advocate Cor eve!)' penon who mal
wish to become his client whereID he baa a1reacIy
cI... lineci (See CaDCIII31, CPE).

a.

The decl.lon

or

Del' teucling

to cIepacte bia

Ie

m a maD-

276 MOo397); (4) when' attorney (State ... Berch.

be caIIecI
itbec:omea apparent that be
ProfeaionaJ E:~;ntDeaa.
(Canon 19, Cancma tI

ma,

10.

of the Court of Appeals comtctIng

the ac:cuaecIwas Htved on counaeI oflhe KCClled
who had at that time been 6ppoInted - provIndaI

 ",,"'.ANJ)JUDICIAL

BAR RlVJEWt'.R DI......-

mucs
QUI!S110NS AND ANSWERSIH Uf'oAL mllca

nsc.I ".. Court fA Appt'" ...

not Informed 01

Ace"::.:r-Coultu.;;:

..... ;.,.,...tmlnt.
v.IId""' He~
Ihould hIvt ....

A.

,_...

... ~

A.

of the...,...

IMnt. .. the cIIIm 1t.... 1

N Notice 10 ClDUneei til record. IIWII if' he h.d II~y been .ppolntrd provlndll ftKaI Ia ~id ...
eau .. there .. no .. lid IUbititution. Thillhouid
be dblU.iMed
&olD Aquino ... Blanco (79 PhiL
1411, WMre the .......
whether the right vi ..
CUd to 'ppMl .. IoIt when the diIloa wUIened
on coullMl oIret'Ont who 1IIcl.1....ty been appointed
... 1.lInt ftKIJ. In Aquino. the eue wu aiU with
t)w tri.1 court .nd COUDIII.ppointH u ftIca) of tile
101M

provlncoe 10 tIIIt the trial t'Ourt Mould hi..

known .bout tM .ppoIntlMnt. Here. the Court 01

AI,pnl.ln Manilacould not be npet1eci to be aware
or the .ppointmfnt 01the "alln Iloilo. (Puiflcar
va. Court or AppMlI. 126 SCRA 118),

11. Q.

A.

13. Q.

12.Q.

I.

'l'Mre mull alwa,. be Rled a written applica.

tion
IUbelltution;

I.

'l'Mre mull alwa,. be filed written conant

the client to the IlUIMtUtution;

I.

Tbere mu" be nled the written conRnt of'the

.tlDrMy to be IUIMtUtuWd.if aum conRnt can
be .. lMd;

...

In e... luch wrlll .... con... nt cannot be procunod. tfM..... mu.t be nled with the application
ror .ubatltutlon proof' oCtoo Ill" vice or notice of'
'lK'h motion in th. manner I"t'qulrecl by the
NIH on the attorney to bco lubatltutod. (U.S.
ft. Rcmomeo.20 Phil. 189; In re: Clemente M.
&nano.O.R. No. L-24tJ4. Juno 30. 1970).

ror

01

Atty. X f.11ecl1Otil notlc. of ch.nge of .ddr

with the Court of Appe.l Ithough hi. new .ct-

able negligence?

A.

N_

~
Bar )bt_No. 3&3. Oct. I.1986. twoIuUun &'It Bur olthe ~
Court)

Tbe requilitee .... the following:

d,... .ppea,. In .ome pl dlng. A reault, nolice to tile lwIef w.... nt to .... old .ddre . No
brief hlvlnt bMn tiled, the ..,.,..1 w dl.ml ed.
.. the flilurelO II". notice of naw eddre cu ..

Spanlanlltwok. tilt Treaty of Ac:Iidtmlc

Dee'" and Eatrdte of Profualons between the
Phlllpplntt IftcIIplin to Meurt _mls.1on to tilt
Philippine ... without .xamlnlltlon? The """
provldea for NCIprocItr In tilt .......
of thepro......
br cIIInnt of each country.
M.~.

No. betaue: t.) Onty FUipiDo dti&e. IDa,)' be ad

IDitwd to the PbilippiM bu: tb) Tbe Executive 0.
putIDfIlt ~
DOt ~
upon the COftItitutioDll
PftI'OPtive ollt.. Supmae Court to promulpte
vI.,...uc. - .... ;._ to the bar by en~
q into"" tnoet_IDd(e).Spaniud ~
tab
.... oathvl~totht
Pbilippm. ~~and
to tQppOrt the PbiIi
c..ututioa.
whkh iI'
~te
i
to the bar. (So. In re:

f.

....

Q.

No. La.,.re cannot prNume thal eGurli wall take

eoplu~ violher add...- in hili pI... dinp.The
new .dd ..... doee not .upened. tha addl'Ml on
recorcl. Counael ~
plHd ror bberalilyl'or the
Iailure to ale brief' wu d_ to hie own doiJ1l. CPhil.
Suburban DeY. Corporation ... Court vi AppNla, et
aI.)

8Al1IVIIWII1N
A.

LBOALAHD.JUDICIALmllC8

-In the tonnatioD or partntl'lhipl (or the PI'IIdice fl

law, DO penon ahoUld be admitted or held out ...
pncUtioMr or member who " not a member ottbe
1epI proCeIIloD dul1 authoriaed to praetiee, IIId
......
hIe .. proe_""" dllcipllne. PartnerabiPl
betw .... lawyen and membert 01 other proC....
... aaa-prore.ioUI penoDi thould not be (ormed or

QUI8TIONS ANDANSWERSIN LIOAL ETHICS

e.

penaiUeclw"" aD'1 pert oCthe partDerahip' ....

A.

It II the dutJ of a lawyer to undertake the clef'enae

ofa perIOD accuaed ofa crime, ~ofbia
~
aonal opin1oD uto the pilt of the IICCU88CI; otJa.
wile, bmoceDt pel"lODl, W:tbaa oal7 of .......
dmuDltancea, mlPt be deDied proper dar......
(CanOD No. a, Canona of Plot..ionaJ EtbIa). ID
concIuctinI the clef"enIe, t.v.e ... , the Ia.,.. .. bouDd
by all (air and honorable meana. to preeent "'1'1
dor.1lH that the law pennita, to the eDd that DO
penon may be deprived orur. or liberty without due
proceu of law. (1.. m.. va. Luderaa,Adm.
Cue No.
1919, March 30, 1979; CIDOD 6, CIDODI of Prof ...
lIonal EthiCl: Sec. 2O(i), Rule 138, Reviled Rul .. of
Court).

Q.

What are the different tasks performed

yer for the cHant?

by a ....

A.

The different tub performed by e Ia~

are:

KQ.

,..

",.,

are:

1.

'lb obaerIe and maintain the reapect due to the

oourta oIjuaUce andjudlcial omcen (Sec. 2O(bl
Rule 139, Rulea o(Court; Monteci1lo VI. Gica,
L-368OO, October 21,1974; F.randoa VI. Re,yea,
May 30, 1975, 84 SCRA 170);

2.

'lb emplO1lUch meaaa only u are conaiateot

with truth Md honor, Md never aeek to au..
Iud the jucIp or any judicial ofIicer by an
Uftce or ,.... atatement o( (act or law (Sec.
2O(~J.1lHd.:CIDon 22, CanoDi O(ProfeuioDal
BtU:.; Albert va. CPI, I,.26364 May 29 1SCRAIN8);
.,
.......

a.

I.

coun

1)

Advocate in open

lea8IODai

2)

DniIner of framework

To ~rrain &om D.W.paper dilCUUioaa of

peDCIIDI or anticipated cuu, and from a
::;:);ltalMDeDta 011 JI8ftCIina cuee (Canon 20,

3)

Guardian of due proceae

'lb reIrain from aertiDt pereooal influence OIl

the court (CIDOD a Cano
of Pro"
. __ I
Ethica);

4.

17.

To be punctual In aUendance. and to be CODciae and dlnct In the trial ucI cliapoeitionof
au.... (Canon 2,lbUI.)

May a lawyer refuM to undeftab .... de....... 01.

person eccUMd of a ClIme when he .. podM tNt
.... person .. guilty 01.... ofIenM charged? Ree10ft. (1878 Bar)

..Q.

pIoymea& coaeh'. oIthe practic:o oIlaw. (CIDOD 33,

CliDODl 01ProC_oaal EthIca).

,--

To netiI1 hud ADddeception when he dIacoY.. tha~ the IIIDe hu been pra .... -~ --L'..L.

... wvUlt11 impoaed

(Cuoa 41 n..,..1

, .... u.);

"-.-a,

UPOD

the court

01'

WIUQI

partJ

41

.4)
II. Q.
A.

for c:oOaboratift
by preparina charte ... and CICIIltncta

etrGrt.

Civic and coaunUDity leader

How ..

the obllgdons

of a a.wyer c:lnslllecl?

.)

Fiduciary oblipUon

b)

Th. obUpUon ofloyalty

c)

ObUption to render competent 1erW:e

LEGALANDJlIDICIAL

BAR II\'1IW1R IN

miles
QUIS11ON8ANDANSWUS IN UQAL

. obIiPtioD COftn the non~

'I'be fidudaJ1
and confidence and ~
IUI'I fA
_,.etIobJiptioD oC1oyaIty

p-

dWn'"

fAioyaIl1- ~QtinI conflictinc

ala.,..hID

obIi.

11. Q.

PI'Ohihit.

interest.. 0.-

obliptiIIID is with ~
propertJ. The
_,_..Il_ oChia .... -.1_

ftjIi

dieD'"
CIO-..........

.. peel fA the

Ie":

6d~
biI obIipdoD. to
.
prohibited hID the
PIi~te tuDda. ... the fuDcIa fA hie ~~
~e it ....
prohibited Crom bu1iftl pevpert11D IittpUoo..

'--.

IZ. Go

It. Q.

What Ie the tffKt of acquIbIln crimi

a...,., In adIabaImIf'I pIOCMdlng aga

10. Q.

...,.

I.

..

apiut hie dieDt Ibowa cU.eprd oI'hia duty to ..

IS. Go

ciety. 'J1... wllRe hie clieo' ia to be ejec:ted by ..

tue flthe ftnaI aecutorJ juclcmentol'the city CIOUIt.

YL

to

1M

muat be ..... I.nt oI'the Philippine.;

lDuat be a dUaen fIl the Pbillpplnee;
IDU.& be .t ....t 21 Je.n olapi
lDuat produce WON the Sup,..ma Court .. u.rac10ry evidence of IQCICl moral chander;
mu.t lucce .. lUlly colDpl.&. .11 p,..crlbed
cou ....... nd
that no cha,.. aplnat him inwlviDI moral
turpitucM. have heeD flied or are pendinelD
8111 CIOUrt lDthe PhllipplneL (Sec. 2. Rule 138.
Rulea fIl Court.)

May alewyer

be allowed

to"""

from ... pr8CtIca

01 lew while f8c:tnt contempt cMrgH befoN ...

Court? ReMon. (1171 Bar)

"w

(See Cantelang

for admIalon

Eve., .pplicant for adm'-ion to the bar:

4.

A lawyer who undertake. to6le actiona in court "

the purpoee fl cIef"UDC a flDaI executory judgmeat

:::""'ll~~~attine.

What aN ... queIHIcetIone

a.

of

the .. .,.. me. u ectioD to annul the 1brrena Title

fIl the plaiDtifti bowiDc that the cue is withou\
merit. 'fiola_ hie rtspoDeIbility to eociety .. a
whole. A .. .,.. II du\Jboaad to adviee his c:lieDtI
on the mente fila C8Ie .. lack of aucb meriL Hit
d~ty to the .~t ud the CIOUrt is paramount with
biI nlponlibibty to IOCiety .. a whole _ the aoc:W
dimenaioo or the
prof'eaioD. It is the duty fl
~I
to JII'OIDOte ud enhuc:e objectives and polidee III the 1OC'iet.y in whieh he Hvea. This indudel

to cOilbol ... prectIce 01

Y_ 'I1w pnctice oI'''w .. a matter' all'ected with a

public interNt, eouequ.no, the State baa the rIaht
and duty to ftIIU"te and control the pnctice of"w
to the end that the public _Ir....Ie .. rwd and promcUI. (1(8111 ft. Boyne. &3 ALR. 273>-

1.
I.

Acqul,te) fA a lawyer in a criminal cue cloee DDt

D.c .... rIl1 foreclo .. eli.barmen'
Proc.edi ....
.,.1"" him; for \M ....nda .. of \he legal PJ'Qf..
lion are not .. ulfted by eonduct which merely ...
bl.. on. to .... ,. lM penalu .. olth. penal law. (In
re: Del Roeario, 62 Phil. 399; Royonc va. Obleaa,
Adm. Cue No. 378. April 30. 1963)
GIve .. example of the lOCI.. rnpon.lbHIty

right

..

bar?

C8It 01
t ......l

RHIOfto
A

...............
Iew?Whr?

mnca

M. Q.
A..

No. A PnctWnc .. ."... and oIIlcer of the CIOUrt racine conwmpt proceedinp cannot juat be allowed to
w1untarily retire from the practice vi .... beca ....
auch act would render nuptory the lDherea& poww
vi the CIOUrt to puniah him ror contempt iD clerenee
of ite InWpit1 and honor. (Mont.edllo ft. Gka, ...
36800, Odober 21. 1974.60 SCRA 234),
State 1M Attorney'.

"1._ _..__
I will maintain

Oath.

do.,Jemnly..., that
01 &h.

.1Iegiance to the .publlc

..

.,

...... I_Al'fD.nIDICIAL mDca

IAIl11'diWIIIII-

IwiIl ... pport aDd defenel

Conetit..
Pbill:::'
&be 1a..
wen u lepl orcleract
:: duIJ
I Will cit

'.

ita
the
.,ti\Utecl lutboriU.. therein;
DO fallehoml, _CDII""'- to the cIoiDI 01 any iD CDurt;
I wiD DOl wtUiDII1 DIll' wiJlinII1 promote or .... ..,
...... _ ,.....
unlawfW auJt. or "ve aid ..
10 m& tod..
1wiD
1Il111W1'1 __

to be public..mo. whea the Ia..

.u.torta or obfuac:at.ee; wbere the law.
)'W obavucta the channela of collaborative efFort;
wbere be HIke petty .dvantapa to the detrimeDt
of'the iarprpraca ... lD which hepuiidpet-.
(See
44 American Bar Auod.tioD Joumall169,
1968'
.-nmenlltc:eue.
yerlDiale.dl,

11

~cIe..,

wiD concluct m,.u- II.

Ia.,.. 8ICICIIIdiDI to the belt 011117 bowledp ..
&cn&ioa. with aU p4 ftcIeUtJ u wen u to tile
eow1a II to ., clieD&I; and I Im..- upon IIlJltlr
thilwoIuDl.II7 obliptioD without aD,JlDeDtal ......
......
pwpGII 01......
So belp Me Gocl.. (AI
._d.d
." .... utioa .. ted Oct. 26, 1979, II
... ...,

17. Q.
I&.

8CRA16,
H. Q.
A.

Howcld

_ &hat conduct which ia conb'ary to jwdice. b0G_, or community moralltandarda. TbUl peraoaa
who were convic:tecloCviolaUonaofthe Election Law,
or p..... nled fal .. certificate8, or concealed the
pendency or c:riminal cuee apinst him were CODeidered u lacking good moral chanc:ter. (See ID Ie:
F1oreDtino, GA No. 19101; In Ie: ('.. I.... 66 SCRA

~orIginIII.,

...,.,__
...w

:t:s~~

Whil. It hu been beld that the tenD ia itae1lam

bltuoUl and may be defined in an almoR unlimited
Dumber of wa)'l (See Konipbera va. &ate Bar, 363
U.8. 252, 263), the .uthoritiee .ppear to deftne 'aood
moral character' in lerma 0( an at.ence of' proven
acta or conducta conaidered .. manifeetatiou of'
moral turpitude. Moral turpitude lD tum ia deftned

The
orfciDated with the ICtivitiee ofAbrabam
Gmer 0I1WWttan. New York. In 1907, Gamer
......... a New Yed law finn to act u ita ...
ill llllicitilc reIIiDer .......
ta from ICCicleat ..
.... o.ta. .... baDe II'OWMl police beadquarten .... witIa the eoopentiaa oIa clerk iD the potiee
iD pttiq a clail,J1iat of aai... Yictiaa Gamer, who
not a lawyer, .....
taaIIJ III ap 24-IIoar
,law oftlce iD partnerebip with a ...,.,. In the aarI, twenti ... Gatner
... W DIt )ll'G6tol'l86,OOO.OO 011 a Irolul
S4OO,OOO.OO.Be "'eaavided offraucl iD 1928.--

Deftne good moral charKter which .. a ......

ment for Idml .. 1on to the bar.

allrWjIiJ Iena.

246).
....

Q.

May a law

ac.IHd
I&.

partnerahlp continue to use the name of

partner?

No, becauae: (1) it ia prohibited by ArL. 1815 of \he

CiYD Cod. on partDenbip which provida that a
ftrm'. name mutt be only &hat of'liviDc partDen; (2)
the riPt to practice law ia a hichJy penonal apecial
privIlep; (3) The UM of'l deceaMd partoer'a name
wiD work deception on the public. (See ID re: Sydp.

Lawyer iD Moclen
Finman ScbDe,er, SeaIDd
..,..

Sall'.r, etc., 92 SCRA

"'Q.

II.

1).

a .a.,.,'1

right to

Q.

WhIt II the l.gII blsls of

clemend payment for his .. ",Iea?

I&.

The richt of a lawyer to demand peymeDt (or hie

eerviceI depen" 011 the r.ct 01employment. Tbere

LEGAL NCD JUDICIAL

...

QUESI'ION8AND

rJ elDployment.

esp ..... or
com~~
a~

who did not employ him

eID.,aoyment. 00 matter, how valuable
his ael'Yicel may have been to ._.

penoa.( Orwinc ..

a.
A-

a.
A-

102.

(;hkaaO.

1eM. Q.

A-

90 ALR 258).

Define c:ontingIftt ....

8UCCeIa.,

tee is ODe depending on the

the iti. ieeI t.o be per(ormed. (7 C.J.s. 1062).
Define contingent ...

contract.

1Os. Q.

CoatinpDt fee cootract isa bilatenJ, entire .....

meat. .,eculative iD oature, providilll Cor CIIIIditioDaI ODIIIpeDI8tioa rJ an att.omey. (7 C.J.s. 1062).

a.

GIve .... distinction bltwMn contlng.nt

trac:IS and champIItoUS contracts.

A-

'l'heJare:

fee con-

1.

ID a cbampertoua contract, the attorney ....

dertabs to bear aU expenaea incident to the
UtiptioD. This is not true in contingeDt ...
CIIIDtnda.

2.

Owapertous hiare payable only in kincI, ou&

01 the properti. recovered; whereas, coatiJt.
pat
1Da1be paid iD cub.

Champertoua CODtract. are yoid .. &piDII

public poIiq and the ethics of the prof'--

.menu,

103.

Q.

liar a clint .... hIIf of .... property to hi.~

bJ war of COIiIIt .........
1

A-

~ .:..........

:tt1

DOtbinc. wrona In the client',

Jiving hall
by way of continlfnt

ree.
t.o hia lawyer
... Court 01~lled
In thil

Jwiadiction. (LaiC

1,.26882, November 21, 1918).

A-

..

Quantum Meruit, literaDy means .. much .. he

merited. In determining attorneya Ceee, it mean.
that the attorney will be paid Corhie _rvicea .. much
.. he should deeerve, when the aemca are premalurely terminated by the act 01either oIthe partiee,
or by reuon of death, disability or opentioD oIJaw,
considering the importance oC the subject matter 01
the coDtroversy. the esteDt oCthe aervica reDdered.
aDd the professional atandinc 01 the lawyer. (Jayme
YS. Bualan, 58 Phil. 422).

(A'

In the absence of a written COi.bKt betwl.n

.nomey and client. what r.ctors .. to be con.ldered In determining the amount of .nornay'. ,...? (1_ Bar)

(B'

What .laments are...".,.ny

to be consIdaNd
In fixing rea.onab .. compenutJon for IIpI
service. rendered on the .... Is of quantum
meruit? (1_Bar)

(C)

Whet are the c:rItarIa In ..........

the ,...
sonabl. amount thet may be aw.rded .. attorney's ,...?
Give et .... t saven radon.
(1170 Bar'

(0)

Ifthe Court decides that the counsel of a pMy

to a case may recover attorney's .... on ....
ba.'s of "quantum meruit, what does .... ordar of the court m.an? (1171 Bar)

(E'

Whet factors must be c:onaIdaNd by the cowt

In determining attorney .. "" In the aIIllnce
of a written contract? (1172 Bar)

(F)

What are the factors that should be con.leIIred In determining the 8mOUnt to be awarded
.. attorney'. ,...? (11n ..."

ree

CDDtincent
contracts are VIIi4l
(Canou of'Profeulonel Ethlca, 42).

mBca

DefI". Quantum MeruIt.

r..

3.

ANSWERS IN LEGAL

ror.

nor

ilD:!:.'-

the

t01.

However, Do

IDUil be a ('OII.~ry
(7 C.J.S. 1041). It .. ,_
mal ('OIItraet.. .ed The lawyer cannot reco,,,

100.

ETHICS

BAR UVlEWIR IN

The Cactora, in determiDiD, the amouDt &0 be

awarded as attorney'. reel on a quantum meruit are:
1.

The Importance of the IUbject matter 01 the

controversy;

10

QUI8'I'ION8AND AN8W&R81N LEOAL mllC8

.1

8mOUnt of compeMetIon for the ..",1eM to be

,.ncIered by AItJ. 8. Before a full-blown trtel could
be heel, lpouen A and the complalnenl decided
to....., Into a compromlM eg,..",.na. Decide Oft
the emount of ettomey' ......

..
A.

".. reuonableneae GItha a_nt

GlaUome1'."_
awarded to AU,. B Ihould be properly puaed aD
the hula 01the Joq8tandln, rule qlMllllum mmdl.
When a lawyer la employecl without qreelDd& ..
to the amount to be paid (or hi
the ClDUIU
aIlaU Ilx the amount on qlMllllum mnuU bala. In
auch a cue he would be enutJed to r.c:M" what he
.. ariU (or bl. ""lea.
(Elnor.
Cortea and
Edmundo CorteI va. CA and '.Ib M01., O.a. No.
122772, Jantw'J 13, 20(3)

..mcea,
a.

107. Q.
A.

Deft.,. Retal".,.

or.

Retainer la the let

client by whkb he empJoy.
atL0rDe7to mana,. (or him a Que to which he
ia pany, or otherwI.Ie to adYiae him .. counaeL (1
C.J.S., 846; Saulabury va. American VuJcanbed ~
InCo., 91 A. 636). It la aJao ued to cIenot.e the r..
which the client pay. hia aUIn'neJ when he rwtal,..
him, thet la the retain,", r.. (Pickena Co .... 'J'bo.
.... 21 A.L.R. 1428; 7 C..J.8846).

aD

101. Q.
A-

Wh8t conetltutee Ntal.,.,..., What determI,... No

... .,., or When Ie there retalnet1

la pneraI, the relation 0( attorDeJ' .nd dint ia
maUer 01eontnct, and pneral ruM .. to the IIJak..
"" 01. am\nct peril In d.t.milni", whether or
DOlthe nlatJoD baa been created (7 C.J.8.,
Such relation cannot be created by the aUorlM7
alone, or by the IttmneJ and a t.hircI per8(ID who
baa no authority to act. f8charlan va. Lumbard St.t.e
Bank. 278 111. App. 6(4).

843,.

101.

Q.
101.

Q.

A.

Enumet... the klnda of rNJ.,.,.

",.,. are two Ilind. of ret.1,..rr.

8nd...,.

NCh.

BAa.,uwll DC LJGAI.A.~JUI)ICIAL

maca

The
between I union lnell benk on the
tenna of I collective bergalnlng eg.... ment wee
elevated to the OftIee o' the Pre.ldent. Atty. S ...
.I.ted the union during the negotiation .. After the
orne:. of the President directed execution of the
collective bergalnlng agreement. Atty. S filed a
notice of ettomey'. lien and _ed
that the benk
be clrected to pay him ten P'ft*'I (10%) of the
monetary nard of 14 million pnoa due the .....
ploy.... or over I million pe.o The benk demurred. Th. OftIce of the Pre.ld.nt granted the
Ipplleltlon of Atty. Sind ordered the bank to Ply
the ten percent mlnu. the Imount corre.pondlng
to the tum due from protecting union members.
BuIa of Atty. S delm .. Art. 111 of the Labor Code
end Sec. 11 of the implementing Rules which IIlow ettomey' .....
not exceeding ten percent (10%)
tn 1"1Judlelll Idmlnl.trdv. proceeding. for ,..
coV8fY of Wlge On the other hanel, the grant of
.ttomey'. fe I. qu tloned under Art. 222 of
the Labor Cod., no Ittom.y'. f.e. In collective
bargllnlng negotiation' mlY be Impond on Indlvlduel membera. but .ald
mlY be charged
",aln.t IIfJIon tuna. The
ueWI. llao pond on
Whether the OftIce of the President had Jurlldk>
lion to grant the Ippllcetlon.

A.

While Atty. 8 I. enUtled to hi. foo., II.ahould nol. be

paid from I.he monetary oon"n ... to be rocolved by
I.he employooa ... o ruult of tho Collectiye BarKaln.
llll Ail'tlOmont. but ahould be paid from union fund
AIlIo. tho Omce of tho ProMldllnt hu no jurildi~on
to acijudlcato tho fNle of Atty. 8 .. the cue w .. an
,pP".1 with ",apoet to CnA terma. (See raclno
U.n"lnar CorporftUon 'VI. lion. Clave, 01.
G.R. No.
661K1G,M.rch ". "",4 I.

c;,rwral RtCai"'" which ha" for their ob,iett

die IICUriDI be(orehaDcl 01the .mcee of l
puticular attorDI1 or coun.lor Corany e-.
.-r that.., Ifterward arlee; they have Do
n(enDI:II to U1 puticWu eervice, but tab
iD tbe wbole ran,. or po ible rut ....
ClIIIlteDUoD which ..,
render attol'DeJlbip
Wi !I ., II' deairable; CIOUDleI thua retained
II DOt .t libert, to accept employment or
reocler .. me. advenary to the Intereat It

die cliftt ntaiDiDI him.

,So.

(Acne-

va. Waldell,

672),

Spialll&Jinnwbich bu reCeNace to a,....

ticWar cue, II' to _ particular Mrvk:e; it, h0wever, UDpoIII oblipUona,pro IuJc vice. equan,

2.

biMini with thote enjoined by a pnerlll fto

of advenar,
employment..or the performance oC advenl17
_meet. (Acnew 'VI. Walden upro.)

tainer; It rorbids the .cceptance

110. Q.

AItomty G'. contrlCt with hi. client .tlpu'-led

p.rment of twentr percent of the claim plUi seA
the rtpre.entltlon .nd ml.eellaneou ,
pen.... Coun.. 1filed the compl.lnt for dam-gee.
had def.neI.nll declared In d.f.ult and .ecured I
wrtt of Ittachmtnt. LIter he WI. dl.ml ... d by hi.
clientfew .lay Inthe delivery of the oheck. rtprto
.. ntl", the ""'11IIed tmount. Ie he entitled to full
payment of !he Itlputlled .... ?

'or

A.

No. Nothl"lln the fail 10 "r appoara eompllcat141

:.~ :: "'reord1na'llldll wa. n""Pd for the .U"'"
lUre beIImImpliah what lui had dono In tho ca" "" ,
Wa. no way of dtltol" J
lWOY9r ., .:.:
hh. mlK'hthe peUUlInera Wtluld
\}\II\I. On the tlMla tht, ""uld oven I'eC'Uvor.nY"
til elltltlt!Cl to IIhb r~41111,,,,,,,,, .... ,..,11. tho
or 1'3".&00.00. \H.. ,1.100.00l",a..d ohM an'IlUII'

mlnlna=t~"n:nattICI. ""ere

('0\1"'"

.,.11."('041\11\ 141"'!':"'''ve. 1I"",.",,,II.t8 At

ttl)
~.V\

ells.,..

111. Q.

.t.

112. Q.

When doe ttorney and cUent relation, hlp begin?

A.

The ....1.Uun oIattornoy and ell..nt eommo,.....,. from

th. d.,..or tho omlllu),ln"nt ..hh. aU",,",y; tb"t I..
from U,e Um .,l\tIn UIO qntCIln"nt 01' Clmtract by

.~&Im~BnD~
uallViEWr.aIll""_

It

wbida the atJ#tDIII1 II

....
111

Q.

A.

114. Q.

A.

(DeDueI" ~

.. the plYllllni cI ....

--~~-------------------------------------Ql!ES11ONSANDANSWiICS IN LBGAL mucs

_

.-jned
been
et.c.. fAa.. "A. 20n
baa

CiODIua.J

B.

111.

Q.

111.llment oIlttorney.cs.

IK1Ive

or anatt.orDlJ

end file

01. colo
end ....

bJWIue oIwh1ch .... " Incruse ..

No. 'I1le inc:nue ill ular7 otaon-uniOD au~

employee. cIoes DOt bJ 'rirtue or coDedift hupiD-

iDg agreement entitle this apecialefJ'ort or a lawyer

but it is a policy of conoeuion oCtile empJo,er (See
Manila Electric Company 91. Garian. 97 SCRA 8C;

..

Pueual91.

t,

2.

negotiation
for the ,...

,...1

'11Ie kiDda ollieu an:

II the npt

~.....,.m

A.

retain poelulion of a client'. documentl.

1IIOIIeJ. CII' other propa which COmel into die
IwuIa II the altcIrDeJ pro(euicmally, until.
"neral bal.nce due him Cor profeuional..,..
IceI II paW. (7 C..J.B.. nan,

01 I8bor union 01 ,...

received .., the rMll and til. employHL At the

ume lime the employer granted ...." Increas.
to .upeMsory empIoyMs who were not membera
of the union. Atty. X now ... Ita to coI1ec:t from the
IIOIHInlon aupervIaory employee. attomey's,...
for ...... Incruse In .... rtn. .. he .ntltled to such

Give .nd define the IdncIs of LIens.

RetamiJtc LieD -

x. IIIwyw

employe .. aue cuded In the

.... l'IIItIonIhIp?
No the paymeDt of're. is not. necessary elemea&
of'tbe nJatiGD of'attGI.., and client (7 C.J.8., _
'11Ie nlation IDA1 aiat 8ftD tbouah third ....
,.,.
CII' II to paJ Car the attorneY. lemc:ea (U.s.
B,.ett .... AlphaPortlud CemeDt Co., 225 r. 93~
CII' twIl thouP IUCh .me. an rendereel bJ lila
attorDeJ gratui~
(Pacbrd 91. Delfel, 38 P. 208).

1.

Ally.

117.

Q.

DefIne DIsNrmenL

A.

Diabarment II the act ot the Court in withdrawiDc

from an attorDey the ,;pt to pnctiee Jaw. (BJ.ck'.
Law Dictiooary. 375). It II a quui-ft11UDa17 ~
......tin, instituted and proeec:utecl before an appr0priate court Car the purpoee of depririn.c an ~
DeY olhillioenee to practice his profeAioD bJ reaIOD ollOlDe miacoaduct. (BeDantiae Law ~
11'7. P. 379).

Q.

Define Suspension.

ChUJiq Lien - II the equitable right of'.

attomey to hae ..... and coeta due him SIr
..mc. ill a PIl'ticaIu Ait eecured ." till
Jud IIDeDt CII' reQha) in .uch suit. (7 C..JA

u
G).

111. Q.
111.

em. 88 SCRA 645).

A.

Suapeuioa II the act ol the Court prubjhitinc

III

attorDef (rom pnct;iciac law fDr a CfttaiD _&nit.

periocl <Archer. Ethical Oblicatioaa ol the La'IrJU.
P. 282).

111. Q.

A.

What .. the purpose vi Dtabannent?

""Ie.
pN"".

DiDnDea& iDt.eDcIId to prot.ect the Iepl

Iioa. aad ill a bieber __ ,110 protftt tbt caurt ...
dw pu.blic Ina m-1IIiaoad\M:l olomc... oldw CIIIW\
(.ha N: ~
3 Pbi1 S7'7'. aDIl_

.. ---_._. -

,.

--------

ol UI1 lawf1d order '"

""allfuI d~
aapl'rior court;

71 CnIp( or willfuJ a~

.. aD aUorDeJ
fOr a partl to a cue without authority to do ...

(Sec_ 27, Rule 158. Ru~ olCGWl)..

121 Q.
A.

CiIt ..... ICM when. lawyer" Nid 10be obA'ud... theldINnIstraIIon of justice

InIIta.w. oloItnxtioa are:

II Mine the COIIIplainm, wi ....
lIw ('UI' ean b. d~

10

121. Q.

GIve IN fIIIonIlttor making chbanMnt proceedpttvlttlnCl confIdIntiII.

....

A.

DiIbarmtont pr"OCft'dll\P ahall .,. private and CODfi.

_ntW iD ordtr to .nabl. the Supreme C~
make ita iDYfStigatioD rrt. rrom any l'xtI'IlnfOUS itIIIWDCe oriDt.rffl'ftX'e. u weD .. to protect tilt ptf'
.... aDd pro(Naioull"fP'ltatioD olattorMY
Judctw fram &ht '-""-cbarp.ol disgnmtlfd. .,..
didi"" ancl arrHpoG&ibW dil'nu and litipnta. ,II
N: ~
57 Phil. 668; Santiago va. Calvo. 441
Pbil. '19"

EnunwMeItle I&atuIory

,. ..,

A.

grounds

be 'UlPtnclecl or cIisbIrred.

-._

statuto.), 1I'OUnda" SUSpmsioo or di..~

I)

124.

Q.

AdYllIIne a ditonl to ...ctIpt";

6,

Falu'C lDuhipko pt'lIWIM or cvmplaia\a lor

ea .... lIwIt hu bPcon I"Y~
"'Jl'dI'd ID 1M
,.... np.ctaUon
ectaaIL
1St. r..opa. .. JardIn, 1:!4 Sl'ft..\ 161.

Empkt)'ln, dil.tory lMtj($ to CruArac. _ ..

factIOn 01(karl, frivul"", ('UN OIl appnla;

_L

nunc

...,

the eoIIcbUon 01 CaMe .. law tor the ....

01 .......
penonelly or Ihrough ,..

poM

...
...

A.

YM.

or ......,.. be
or chbanMnt?

IUfftc*" UUM

tar __

110ft

a..r.

cArr lIw Ru

125. Q.

111.1--,-

lawyer

3,
.,

An-Jo'........ EtluC'."

~it;

.tw.

"-kin, ('Ii.nl to pl d pitt,

k...,.... ('llt'nt ia iMlX"l'nt;

01"''''01 r.worabIt

for whic:t. ....

to appNl'

21

'-1

122. Q.

ucIa ad CONlIlulft ID&I~

01Court. ,~_ 21, Rw. 1 ).

The IoIIowlng notice ..,.,....

,...
01 lIanIIa ~
160ft:

..

In the ~

tar ......

cir'cut.

or otbtr croq misconduct ill"" f

~~.

NARUSU DIVORCI
S)
.)

GIUIa!y Unlbora) ronduct;

of
.

('OC\\i(tjOQ

h_;
&)

I tn11M'

'lOlataoo or oe,L

Johft W\UYma

in\l\h;nc moralllA.,-

~I'

'" ... otrk"t';

Alllwyerin ~

....................

NARUSU dNorW 'Mil,"

the ~
... offtce hourw IIondIr Itw ,.....,.

_
....

.. rnICIALETHICS
. " LJ(lALAND "u"
BAIlREVJBWBRiN
CE CASES, OBTAINABlt
'. '
,
SUCH
DIVOR
LID WORLDWIDE,INVo 1_
::; TWOweEK~N~~SU
IF BOTH PARTIES ~~
,
., " NO TRA~L
liOnsuch adoption and
"
I
Otherlnfol"" rt. ~nd division of conJug~
'I
. custodYand .uPPOI
eel by the undersigned.
-.;
"
, l .... will be .xpl. n

QUESTJONSANDANSWERS

126.

In a civil action for annulment of a deed of HI.

defendants p..... nted transcripts of ... tlmonl..
tak.n In disbarment case ag.lnst one of the plaintiffs, a member of the b.r. The lawyer-p .. lntlff
mov.d to strike out .ald transcript on the ground
that dlsbarm.nt proceeding ..... confidential, .nd
hi. moHon to .trlke out wa. granted by the trial
court. I. thl. correct?

A.

No. The attorney can waive the private and confidential character of the disbarment proceedings,
which was done here when the attorney touched on
the same testimonies during the trial. Moreover, the
introduction of the transcript was for the purpose
of impeachment. The right of a party to impeach
the credibility of adverse party iaa defense tool sanctioned by Seca. 115and 16 of the Rules of Court. (See
Villalon, Jr. vs, Intermediate Appollate Coun, 144

(Atty,)Jc~

h printed notice or ad, conatJtlllt

, (a) DoeS 'UClbltadVertls.ment on the part of A
perml"
JCR?
on.ld.rtng the general prohlb~Ion agalnlt
(b) C t t adVertl menti "touting, and the
~ a;ons on laWY.r'sprivilege to "a
, '
.'.
I
may
JCR be disciplined for.
, breach of profe lonalethlc.? (1987 Bar)

"

:II;ts,

Atty.

SCRA443)

127.

Q.

A.

The printed noti~ constitute. improper ado,

wrtisilll and IlOlicitationof Attorney JCR on t".
counts:
On 1M flrtt count. the noUce advettiaee tbt
(a)

skiU and connt'(tioD with a fortlip lawyer on ~

tain type of .. rvice..

On the ..coad count. the It'Mce promote. ..
PUt. dh'OlU whicllil not allowt'd under Philip.
piMIa., It ateach marital stability which. law.
1V is not auppoet'Cl to promote.
y" AtlJ, JCR may be dieciplint'd tor.
ethics. Aside from hia iJa.,
lDIicitatien. Atly. JC'R trit'd to rep .... nt til

tb)
~h
propel'

of pruCwaiooal

lo.:aI diflltl that II. II ill ueociat.ion with a fimigll

who is nat allowed 10 prace law in the Phi).
ippilles. (Dacau, .... Baker ad McKt'nai.. 136
laW)'V

SCRA~).

at

Q.

as

Bahay Cubo aida.

Ca11t,
Tel. 10.,.,.

IN LEGAL ETlDCS

A.

May al.wyer be dlsb.,..d for caus other

than those mentioned by law? (1967 Bar)
(B) Maya m.mber of the Bar be suspended or
...mov.d on grounds other than tho. num.r.t.d Inthe Rul.s of Court? Explain. (1872
Bar)
(C) Maya I.wyer be disbarred for c.us .. oth.r
than thol. mentioned In ,he .ta'ute? Wh.n?
(1877 Bar)
B, C. Yt'I, a lawyer may be au.pended or dlebamMl
(A)

on QUlIN other than thllM mentionl'd in the ltatute. The statutory enumeration of the l"Oundl fOr
dl.barmont or luaponaion la not to be talulft II
llmitaUon on the pneral power of COUN to lutlpend
or disbar a lawyer. The inherent power of the court
over ita offic.ra cannot be .... tric\ed. (Quinpa va.
Puno. Adm. Cue No. 398. F"bruary 28, 1967)..A lawmieconduc\, although not reI.ted to his prac:tice. may COIIIIUtuteaumeieRt IJI"OUnd.fOr di8ba~
mont \Royong va. Oblena, Adm. Cue No. 376, April

yer"

QUI8TION8ANDAN8WBRBIN LIOAL

muce

II

A.

Thl. contentioD II dlvold of mlrit becaUM hll

oulnpoul unamapuloullJlOll ....-I. that he 11_
a penon or aoocI moral eharac:t.el'. Ooocl eha ....... 11
an
tiaI qualUkaUon for adm_Ion to the bar.
o.ana. Adm. C... No. 1088. Dec. 29.
1983; Are
Mahlnanl. 106 SCRA 891: CaDOD
LepI &hlal).

e,,_
n.

130.

Q.

Lftr" C prepa..cl

mining~,.tlon oontrKt
......... lend wee
.. w.. owned by
oorporltlon. M. "..ldent of the oorporltlon flied
forcIIebennenL C........
Ie ..,.. .... oo...,.ot ...
negOClat.d by X end Y who .re brothera of M end
they benefited 10 th.t h. pll.ded for oompnllon.
I

where II w.......

to appear
owned by X end Y when In f.ot

A.

a...,., C ""dIL,

oIb11df.ILIaand ... uaP"ftCled tor

II. monlJul (MerlU VI. Caellnlndln, 121 fJCRA 2It8).

131.

Q.

Atty. "I." tiled MYlrIl oompl .. n

Atty. A
including two de-b.,ment 0
which were III
d'.mllied. Thl oomplalntl
the product. of
....
end the...,. for ,.".nge ..... thIe .......
vIotMIon of ,,"11oRI1 ethlo. by Atty. "I.'"

we,.

A. AU,. L .hould be canllur.d tor ulnln. with the

BupmMCourt. nd m.klnll ,.... ot..... judldal proc>
_ .. In IrwIV"rnenh'",laIlIlU"n.
1~ HeRA213'.
132.

(Lim VI. Antonio,

Q.

Atty. XII charged with prof llonIllnoompeIenc.

btUu.. hi pr.pe..cl d d of donIlIon mottI.
e..,.. which laW w.. declared void by the COUft
for not having bien ... cuted In the form of I ....
wIIIlRd ..... mlnt. Could thll be ground for d...
bInMnt1

A.

Pn,t...

I,,,,al IncompoLonc:e II not a pound for d..

bermanLun_ auch lneompot.ence would be equl ...
lent to InelCUMhll lporance or law. The diaCJnoUon bet.... n a donation I,.,.,. ull10l and donation
CCI". IIa dlmeulL .., concept .. that the

mDI1"

L8(1ALANDJUDICIAL mllC8
BAIl UVJEWIIIN

. . or law with such distinction

QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS IN UGAL

....,

unfamilianty
are not expected to bo. tll
-aa ~~dro VI. Geraldez. 78 SCR.\
la.... (See ~a -.10 98 SCRA 46).

the CODMquenceaoCthe contemplated 'WI'OftIdoinp.

If th. client does not reveal hia Wepl motive. he
repc ... no confidence in the attorDeJ beca.. the
atate of facta which Ia the founclatioD of coafideDce
dote not ui8t. In either cue, the attomeJ-ciient
privilege doea not attach, there being DO pial .aaaI

_lKIation for murder Igllnst I ranking ......

InlproltCM
--.-Itl\eHrYlcelofRS~..,
ofIIc* thllalW"'Pr
to whom the o~
In
their conferences dlldoled I plan to earnl
or .saIv8ge. - Lt., kHI or otherwl .. caUlt It

~ trill....,.
.... .,.,.11' -

one ..

employment properly epeaking. (Standard F.IDa. Co.

va. Smithart, 211 SW 441, 5 ALR 972 (1919); Strong

only wItn I fellow milltlry ..

ticer, thf'OUIIh I contrtved tratIIc or highway ~
.. 1CCIdInL
I) WhIt IN 'the IIgII and morel obI~
(
Atty. RS to hll clltnt Ind to the Ilutharlll ....
the

va. Abner, 105 SW2d 599 (1937); People VB. Van

Alatine, 23 NW 594 (1885); Hamil and Co. va. Eneland, 50 Mo. App 338 (1892); People ex. rei.

Vogelatein .... Warden, 270, NYS 62 (l934D.

Under the c:ircllmp.nee.,

under 1M given clrcUrMtances?

(b)

134.

'l'be legal and moral obligation of Attorne, IS

is to advise bla client not to proceed with bis UDla.
ful plan to kill the witness against him. A1thoup
this plan W88 diacloaed to the lawyer in confide-.
it is DOt covered by the rule on privileged commum.
catioa.

Q.

(a)

'l'be privileged communl.eation under Rule 138,

Sedion 2O(e)of the Ruin of Court covera only la.
ful and honeat purpoeee. 'n\e protection
the ..
tomey.cJient privilege baa reference to communicatioaI which are Jetptimately and property within the
ICOpeof a lawful employment and does DOt exteM
to thoee made in contemplation of a crime or perpetuation of a fraud. If the unlawful purpoll ill
a~,
the client doee not consult the lawyer

or

-._n.... 'rof_" I
.,..1

w;UUn ....

if hia client iDaiata

on bla plan, the lawyer abould withdraw from the

cue. (Sac. 16)
(b) YII, it Ia the obliptioD of the lawyw to en..
clole to the autboriU .. about the plan oCbia dlenL

Should 1M pIInnId "accident" take ..... _

the wltntSlH for the pro.ecutlon be ....
.. I mull, Is Atty. RS under any ~
to cIIscIoM to lMauthorltlt. the plan IhIt ilia
client hid mentioned to him ....
~
IIoned?

A.

II

a lawyer to be adviIiDI penona aa to bow the, may

commit crimll or ftaucla or bow they may 8IC8pe

)(eDcIoza va. JR'n:au

133. Q.

mnca

Atty. X and hI. cllenta failed to appe. 8t the trial

of an action lnatltuted br Atty. X on a.M1f 01hie
cllenta, the ca w.. dismissed, In view 01 the
unexplained "lure of the lawyer to..,.,._. Is this
action proper?

A.

No. The proper count ia Cor the court to cite the

lawyer for contempt for bia failure to appear at the
bearing of the cue without explanation ~
en..
reapec:t to the court. It ia a ceuurable
Corleto va. Afro, 99 SCRA 121).

131.

Q.

A.

bebaVlOl'. (See

Atty. X, a notary public, NfuMcI to furNIh copies

of a docum.nt he notarized .. ..-qUl.ted by the
mort,~, Infavor of a nnI bank 'Jf which Atty. X
w... I.,al coun .. l. H. IlkewIH failed to IUbmIt
copies of .ald document to the coutt. What II the
liability of the notary public?

It Ia the dut.y of a notary public to fumlah cop. oC

notarized document. requ.. ted of him. While tbia


I motion for writ of ecutlon wtth the 1ft.. court.
Igaln Invoking the ato,.eRed eon.'Rutlonei provt.Ion. On Octob.r 2, tl71, the trial court laalled ,he
vrrIt of execution, ,.Iultlng In the ,amlahmenl of
the fundI of tht client. 80th plaintiff and tht trial
court ..... laked to ...... In thtH ac:tu.Ilons. May
the plaintiff, a Ilwyer, and the prealdlng Judge be
cited for contempt for the Isauanee of the writ of
the .xecutlon while the caM w.. atm pending cleo

cilion by the Supreme Court?

137.

Q.

A.

A.

Both plalntil1'.aU.omey and the trial judge are lUilt)'

of contempt of the Supreme Court. The Supreme
Court h .. ruled that .. the hilChnt tribunal baa not
made any pronou~ment
on Sec. 11 of Art. X of the
ConatituUon, becoming mocIesty requires that a trial
judge Mould not Ulume the role of the Highn'
Court of tho Land. Moreover, even under the
aforecited conatitutional provision, it is required tha'
a certification be i88ued by the Chief Justice that
the dedalon is deemed affirmed and the recorda be
returned before the writ of execution may be _ued.
In the cue of the plaintift" .. U.orney, the Supreme
Court held that the lawyer w.. ,wIly 0( clisrespect
and diareprd of the authority oCthe Court when be
filed the motion for execution even before the Chier
Juatice had i88ued the required certification. (See
Corpua va. Court of Appeals, at aL, G.R. No. 1,.40424,
JUDe 30, 1980)

131. Q.

Is the grant of absolute and unconditional pardon

by the Prealdent of the PhIlippines to a lawyer con-

While opposing counsel was offering his ~

Atty. P claimed "1'/, que bobo," and when charged
with miICOfICIud Atty. P's defense Is that he __
not dueling to counsel but to the manner In .._. i
CClftllllllnlnlWII trying to Inject wholly Irre...,.
......
In the poceedIng.1s this tenable?
No, whether directed at complainant or Ips IIIaDIIer
~ oft'erilll evideoce,. the remark "bobo. or -a)" qae
hobo- W88 oft'eJllive and uncalled for. Respondeat
eshibited lack 0( resped not only to a fellow
but alIo tAl the Court. Respondent fa reprimandet
(Cutillo va. Padilla, Adm. Cue No. 2339, Feb. 24,

law;.

1984),
131.

Q.

A petIIIon for mIew of an award of attorney

...
was dtemecI IUbmIttecI for decision by the
,
premt Court on October 1, 1875. PlalntHf, a
,
yef, then fIItcI I motion for execution
on January
31, 1.71 Ind July 7, 1978 tor the remand of IN '
NCOrCII to the trial for execution on the theory thII
under Sec. 11, Art. X of the Constitution. the Judi'
mtnt 01 the IrIaI court Is detmtd amrmed lIN
C8M Is not dtcIcItd within eighteen months froII I
IUbmIsaIon. On 5tptember 13, 1,78. plalntHftlld J

I .

'Vk:t.d of f.I.lflc:allon of a public cIocument, which

pa~
,..'ored the lawyer to ful civil and pol ....
cal right .ntltl. the lawyer to reln.tatement In the
Ron of Attorney?

A.

No. Evidence of reformation is required before an

applicant is reinatated notwithstanding that be hod
already received a plenary pardon. The derisive
question is whether applicant is ofJOOCI moral
charader. (See In re: Aauncion P. Vailocee. 117

SCRAI)

LJOALANDJUDICIAL

..

140.

QUISTIONSANDANSWIJISIN LEGALBTHlC8

.. counsel tor plaintiff

Q.

PIIIndIf

AttorM(Ior':"
Ing the ..----.

ont-MIfof hlllnte .... t to Ally._

contingent COfttrIct Of
II
1IIIgrUMnl. vIolltion Of
Civil Code Ind C.non 10 Prohl,*,
IIWP' of the property In ..
.

pIlOn?

Q.

A.

In fIvor
complained thIt

01

ror

143.

hIvIne

1....

tenable?
A.

Attlt X caDDOt

A.

No. This ia not contempt. 88 the .et of the .gen~

w.. part of'the investigation proceea. (See Mawad
.. Hon. De Vega. G.R. (..69866, Feb. 22. 1983).

Q.

In proceeding far the payment of wortunen'. compenaatlon, the employer (who dl.put .. the claim)
for humanitarian .....
wa. willing to pay

be held liable aciminiltratively ..

to the contracL Howewr.

the Ia.,..
nmiDcIed that to avoiclauapidon thM
be took ..tvantap arhia Itp) knowledge, helhouW
haft uerdItd IItmo1t pnadeoce. (In re: De GUIIIIIIo
C8U.

he

DOt a partJ

Q.

Respondent IIwyer IdvIHd compilln.nt

that 10

atop thelfectmMt suit against the latter. 1M ..

yer would .. I complaint with .... Bagulo CfL

ComplaInant

81ft"" lawyer P5,863.oo for"" II1II j

fI_1
.,.......aed

mlsctIIaneous """ The complaint~a. not

.t

By

war Of .,.

.....

lie Iftyer

COlI'

.........
1fIIdavI Of desistance; he allO cIaI..... I
tMt upon I*UIII 01..,. recorda of the eJ.ctment I
cau. he found lhII complainant had al...ady fllId I

.I

on.

PZ,OOO.OO to the heIra of the dec:NMcL ThI ... below the minimum of PI,OOO.OO fixed by law. In 0rder to en.bl. the guardlana of the dace.Md to ,...
cal". the .um of PZ,OOO.OO, the guardian ncurecl
the ......
of Idly. M who flNPlred a Motion to
Dlamll.alleging that the daceaMd had II,.",
,.c.lved P4,OOO.00. Thl. WI fal t.t.ment.
Atty. M when charged for making such ,.1 .. atatemant pie" he had to make auch tal .......
ment
far legal technical ,. ......
Is he liable?

111 SCRA S(5)

142.

Adm.

In the courM of ... 1nv tIgatIon he ... conductIng. of .......

1rreguIarItIes In a civil caM. an NBI
agent efIIxed hi Ignatures and flngerprlntl on
the blank cIoraal.1de of the Court recorda. H. w..
eIted far contempt far tampertng with the recorda.
Is the Court action tenable?

'*

WII I violation of the ...

~
ComplaInant c:hIfgH the lawyet"l of
tI~ ICIvIntIge cf complainant'. Innocence Md
trusting ......
The defenM of the lawyer Is tNt
he II not a PIftr to the cOlltract of his wife. Is'"

'ft. Flo

Q.

contract

compIllnant who

Yee. Tbe aIIlclavit ~ deaiataDce 18 not a bar; Do.

the respondent bad the dllty to inrorm hi_If fIl
the Ylrioua .. peeta of'the cue berore aasurinc the
complainant that contemplated IUit ... meritorioua. Reeponclent cannot .,... the blame to the complainant. For thia miIconduct the lawyer'
...
pendecl
ala montha. (See MWW'
C... No. F2112, May 30, 1983).

or

lot .11 not the subject-matter

theUtfn,
:..~
... .cquirecl by the dient in the execuu.
..
(See Guevarra .. Calalan& 117 SCRA>
Atty. X alllxed his contonnlty to lei..

Thlrd-P.ty c:ompIaInI. ......."

IR8kIng the ~
auIt umecessary. Is he .Ia.... far mlscon-

duct?

1"~_
......"

Alto

A.

poHd

with

In ~

..,

In I -...

AttI J( ~nt
,.,.deIM In favor Of III
.. ..,IL JudIiF 1IIiSfY
award parcel Of """
pI.IntIff, ",d to which WI' sold .t .uctlon .. "
.11 ~~

141.

mucs

BAIl~1N

A.

Atty. M w .. lUlpendecl ror one month. The Court. ia

not inclined to be aevere in view ofhia ready adnusaion ~ the ralaificatioD and no material dam ...
were cauaed. (See Martin VB. Moreno, A.C. No. 1432,
May 21, 1984.)

QUl8'nONSANDAN8WBR81N

Ap~
tor fling of brief I.hll ca.
en admInlttrltOr Is IPPGI

__................

141. Q. Counttl tor~

to IUlptnd lilt
tnt died untl~::
...

U..

hid

no more legl'

':.torcllCell'"

:::"'_

..",... ...

1.

Q.

... ndln:

IPIM'IInt. Thll ...

clllmllHd. Is the ""....

A.

147. Q.

No. In J{aberer ... ~

G.~ Hoe. L-4269a.
42709 it WII ru1ecI that iI. daun .. Dot eztiD.
rui.h~d by d.ath. the court Ihould require
appointmeDttI admini.... tor. 01' .ppearance ole
Iepl ..."....tatie to appear fOr the .. tate.1D the
..... time. tbe period to file brief'1I luapeDdecl.

lucenlful bIr cancIIdate ....

ought to be
barred from 1dmI 1on to 1M br, In the .......
0111111petition, the bIr CIIIdIcIIte UMc:Ilbuslve IIId
vltuptl'ltlYe 1InguIge; he charged the SUPNml
Court with _ulna' "udlltlc resolution," that he
II the victim 01. court's cruel Md Inhuman"_
........ nt. .. one aspiring to be I IIwyer II....,
bound to oIIMM and .............
ropect due
die courtI 01 judce IInpoMd on lawyers uncIIr
lie. 2O(b), '_'131 oldie CourtI? AIIo, may....
power 10punish for conIIImpt be exerel.ed In ado
mlnlltratJve proceedInp?
A

1....

Q.

Atty. G
to appMI .... Judgment
....
client. TheN ..
no IhowIng thIII
JudgmenI
WII enoIleOUL'" cIIent ....
-.
Pfor ....... I
is he liable?

A.

No. Where J"dpMnt becom .. baI tbrouIh the

rault. of the lawyen. that. (act alone is DOt JI'OUDd
for the recovery of damapa, .beent a IhowiDI 01
the bUuatice of the deciaion. Counsel ia admoniahed
to exercise care and c:ircumapection ill attendinc to
cUenr. aft'ain. (Adm. Cue No. 1664.89 SCRA 178).

Q.

Atty.... failed 10 tile hla ~

motion for reconIiderdon of .... declalon of the Court of App ....
dverM 10 the client within .... reglemenWy period 10 that the judgment became executory. The
cu .. of the ,..pondInt I.wyer W.I that he gIVe
the motion 10 hla temporary cl.rk but .... clerk f0rgot all about It and mailed the motion two dayI
after the judgment became finaL Is IhII ..........
lion of c:ounHI uUsfactor(7

A.

The ap1anation 01 the lawyer II DOt .. ~

Makinc the law office eecretary. clerk 01' me lIT"...
lelpept for the delay of the filinc of ple.dinp
and for the lawyer'. dereliction is common alibi 01
Practicinc lawyen. The shifting or blame to ofIlce
meuenpn Ieaaually. concoction utilized to COYIr
up l.wyer. neclipnca. Re.pondent is nprimended fOl' negtipDce. (See Adaza .... Barinap.

1IfIfa:::::a
him.

..........
die

IIbInntnt

PIIItd 10
...._

portion of the money,. ,

PIIty. His client clwgtd
He fIIed
nt proc dfor
.,.nlion tJ
prot
II he would be COIIt'
hIe
I
1hat he would,....

1....

u.

The lieu.. in the two proceedinp are difl'erent. In

the diabarment cue, at iuue is his time. to ClOD. tinue
member oItbe IepI proeeeaion: ill .....
cue. the iaaue is whether daauIp .... Clued bJ
complainant. tbru fraud. (Adm. Cue No. 1797. IN
SCRA48).

f
I

Atty. X klpt for hImetIr

hint willi

A.

Tbe Supreme Court ruJecl that (.) thoee who aspire

to ~ lawyers bu the duty to maintain a reapec:dIaI
.~
towarcle the Court. ucl to derend the courlI
epjIIIt ~criticieaa..
It alIo ruIecI that contempt
power emte neD iD aclminimative proceedinp
aucb II the Pltitiaa to cIiaquaJ;(y the reapcmdeDt.
CADcIre. 91. CIbrera, 94 SCRA 612).
Cllvtd from lilt

mnca

In the "tara cae: WI.... ,ulpended ..... dIIWmen. proc:eecllnp would be a vlo .. tlon of hit right
ag.lnl' HIf-lnc:rlmlnatlon. Ruling?

cornct1
A.

LIOAL

Court of

,.1Ied

Adm. Cue 16CM.May 29. 1981)

BAR

70

150.

Q.

UVJEWBR

Ll(iALANDJUDIClAL

miles

IN

IJtbIffI'I wrote several d'-IMP.....

The client ~ III
.,.,. ofthe Supreme ~'!
Ing""'" to .... ~
.. nst some Justicel-"'1,
tiled crtmIftII
thIS tiling of the COtn~
c..-cI"'Hc-
The Ittomey dlada .....
~
lilt In .... ,.-~for....
of" cIIent. ..
mponsibIIIlY
.._.,

QUIS'nONSANDANSWERS IN LEGAL maca

=:

A.

.;a:::.'!'f

baa control 0( the p~

A.

151. Q.
A.

dieDt takes abouJd be within Ilia

Wha .... -:: rflIPCIIIS1bilitJ. The Canon 18 oftbt
kDowI
~I
Ethict eojoiDa Iawyen to \lie Ilia
CaDO'" tJI ~
and to prevent hie clien
belt ~
::::.
which the lawyer ~
lrom cIoinI
__ ~_.I .hr with refereoc:e to ........
oucht DOt to do pu....- v d' clicial __ --.r
CODCluct towards the CourtI an JU
vaucert . .,
client perailtl ill ncb wrongdoing, the 1a"Yet
~d
termiDate their relationa. (Eva Maravilla
DUItre ".IAC, 148 SCRA 382, ~ting 8urigao Minerai ReIe"atioD Board VI. Clonbel, 31 SCRA 1)

8)

What II thelllNnlng of Integmion

lpplne Bar?

of

A.

The fUndamental purpoeea of the Integrated

are:
'lb elevate the ltandarda

Bar

of the legal prof...

aion;

2.
8.

154. Q.
A.

or

a.of""

PurPoses

(3) fundamental

.... lntegrated Bar?

1.

'I1Ie ,." ipM iDquillU' 'diIpenNI with evidentW,

bearilll after the nepcmdent aubmita hie COIIUDeDt
&0 the dwpe, and the liability 0( respondent it
detennined GIl the bull of'the deciaion c:omplaiDed
O((People... Valenzuela, 136 SCRA 712) or on the
buia tJlleUen allepcI to be deroptory. (See !Ya
Maravilla
lAC, 149 SCRA 570, ReeoJg.
tioa GIl Motion (or Recon.ideration.) The abeence rI
a formal iDftltiptiCIII cannot be objeetecl to OD the
IJ'OUDCI tJllack tJlbearinc and due proc:eea. What due
procell abhor II lhIoIute IKk
opportunity &0 be
heard ~
VI. Lamaroza, 110 SCRA 438). A
heann,
not
__
arily COMote I trial torI
~
.J ....

What IIthelntegqted

Intel1'ated Bar of the Philippinea ia the

national orpnizatioD O(la..,... creeted GIl Janwuy
. 18, 1973 under Rule 139-A, RuJea 01 Court, and
CODatituteci OD May 4, 1973 iIlto a body corporate by
Pre.idential Decree No. 181.

153. Q. WINd ...........

What lillie ,.. IpNIoquItur rule Jln dlsclpllnlry

proceedlnga? .pi" lawyers Ind udge.?

A)

A)

B) Intepatioa olthe Bar meana the official national uniftc:atioa 01 the entire la.,.. populatioa
0( the PhWppm. Thia ~
membenbip and
ftnandalnppoft
(in NIIlCIDabJeamomat) 0( fI'ff8J
att.orDeJ .. CODditioM ..
qua _ to the pnctice
0(1aw and the ntADtioIII 0("
.....
in the RoD 0(
Attone,I o(the 8upi_ Court (Pw Curiam ...
lutioD 0( the Supreme Coan, JanUII'J 9, 1973).

Y.. Tbe a~

mUllre ...

152. Q.

'lb improve the adminiatration

0( juatice;

and

'lb enable the Bar to dilCharp ita public ....

eponaibWty fully and emciently. (Sec. 2, Rule
13S-A, Rul. O(Cour&)

WINd ........ objecttvea and purpo ...

gratIon of .... PhIlIppIne Bar?

The objective. and purpoeea

of ..........

or the Integrated

Bar

are:

PhWpplntl1

of the Ph. .

or the 1epl prof..

1.

'lb elevate the .. ndanla

lion;

2.

'lb improve the adminiatration

3.

'lb enable the Bar to dilcharp ita public: ....

aponalbility more effectively;

of justice;

BAR Rt:VlWIR IN

71

4-

5.

6.
7.

8.

9.
10.

iSS.

Q.

'Ib ..-

LlGALAND.R1DICIAL ETlUca

in the

QUESTl0N8ANDANSWERSIN

acIJDiniItration of juatice;

or .

:;;bi&h
~
li triad

.Iiatlin
on the part
icIeaIs O(integrit1.1e~
~pttence. public: -nice Ilnd

duct;
'Ib ..rtpard &be proI'eaionaJ interes ..
IDIIDberI:
'Ib cuhi.. te aIDOftI ill IIItmbe ... a 'Pirit
dWit1 ... broI)Ierhoodi

A-

While It le probable that the 'Pirit of commercial18mhal poeed a threat to the etandardl of the legal
prof_on.
the Supreme Court and the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines have continuousJ.y tried to
maintain a hl,h moral .... ndard for thle noble profeuion. One or the .a)'l 0( adUevl", this end ...
laid down by the Court. to admit to the prac:tice 01
thil proreuion only thUlle pel'lOns who are known
to be honeat and to poItIOIIll'IJOCI moral c:harac:ter.
Another W8J Ia by PUI'li", the profeuioD 0( moD
whose conduct deviatea ftoomthe ac:c:epteclethic:al
lines.

ot

lOIter legal educationi

157. Q.

And to promote a eoatinuing program oflep!

I'NNI'Ch ia lUbltauti .. and acUec:tive law. lilt
..... reporta_ NC'OIDIDeIldaUoDl~
(Per Curiam RnoIutioa of the Supreme COUrt,
Jau!Wy 9, 1973)

Who .... mambtrl

or ...

Integrated aar of

lilt

.......Intepated Bar ... the Philippme. Ihall be CIOIIIo

whoet Demee now appear or
may berNfter lie iDdudecl in the Roll of AUome,a
"'the Supreme CGurt. (See. 1. Rule 139-A, Rul ... ,
Court). Th.... the foIIowint ..... automatic:ally and
without elfC'eptiOll, IDIIDbeI'l of the Inte .... ted Bar
poeecI vi all peI'IODI

... thePhili .....

w_

hoee

It

All .. .,.....
DameI were in the RoDrJ
Attonw,e vi the Supreme Court on Janull1
18, 19'13; aDd

2-

All..
en~~

..

In what
have the Supreme Court and the IntegratecI
of the PhIlippines maintained a high
menl standard for the ...... profnaIon?

'Ib provide a f'orwD for the diacu .. ion or It

~.
law refOrm. pleacling.
.
_ procedure. and the relation or the a.,
the 8ftIC:h aacI to the public:.and publilh inli
... tioD reJatiDI theretoi
'Ib ~

...... were inc:luded or art

after the laid date.

I
I

w.

Q.

or

PhIIppInes?

A.

158.

LEGAL ITHICS

A.

a.

have bMn adopted to In.... and

maintain the non-polltlcal chllllc:ter of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines?

What .......

Sec. 13. Rule 139-A. Ru... 01 Court provides: -rhe

Intearated Bar shaD be strictly non-political. and
every ac:tivity tendi", te Impair thla beaic feature
II Itrictl, prohibited and Ihan be penaliled
accordingly. No lawyer holdin, an elective. Judlc:ial.
quail-Judicial. or proeecutory office In the lOvernment 01' any poIltic:alsubdivision or Instrumentality thereof shall be elilible for election or appointmeDt to any position in the Intearatecl Bar or an,
Chapter thereof. A Dele,ate. Governor, Officer or
employee 0( the Intearated Bar or any Chapter
thereor shaD be considered ;,_, facto reeiped ftoom
hil position II of the momont he files hil c:ertlftcate
of c:andldacy for any elec:tive public: omc:. or
proeecutory oII\c:e in the Government or any politic:aJ subdivision or instrumentalit.y thereo(.. The IBP
h.. allO adopted rules and roaulatlons prohibiting
ac:tI and practiceI relative te elec:tions IUch ... unlawfUl distribution 01elec:tion campalp materials;
c:ampailnint for or &pinst any candidate; formation or tickets, Iin,le slates. or combination of c:an-

,.
QUISI'IONsANDANSWERSIN

L&OAL mtlCS

"

with, he .haD c:eue to be a member and Ilia name

aball be atrieken from the Roll or Attomeya.

1.1.

Q.

Doaa .... Supreme Court have .... poww to ......

PhUIppine Bar?

...........

151. Q.

1.

Q.

A.

A.

WhIt wII hlPI*' to member 01.... Integr.,Bar If hi fala to pay hit .nnual due... '.

member?
'lbe failure or any attorney to pay hAa .nnual
.
Mnhip du.. AIr iii (6) monthllhall warrant
a
ptUioD oIhi1 membt-nhlp in the Intep'atecl Bar til
tho PhiUppi-. .nd default 01audl payment lor .. ~
(1),.....1halI btall'OW'd ftlrtho ~
olhil DIIIt r
,,_ tho Roll or Attorfte1l. (Sec. 10. Rule 139-.\ '
RuM oICourU.
I

J
1U1 terminatt hia memborahip by Oli. I .

110. Q. May. member of 'hi Integra," air vOlun .. ..,

termini" hie mtmberahlp

A.

A......

therein?

wriIW DDtice to that tft'ect with the s.n.w," j

tho ~
Bar, wholhall inuaediatol,y briIIatllt ,
....... to tho.ttl'fttion oItho Supreme Court. ..... I

112. Q.
A.

Yea. the Supreme Court may intep'ate the Philippine Bar ill the ex.rci .. or ita power, UDder Article
VlD. Section 13 or the Conatitution (now Art. X.
SeniOR 15(5),or the New Constitution).
-n, promul
pte rulee concerning pleadln" practice, and proc:edUN in all courta, and tho admi ion to the practice
oIlaw.-lncleoecI, the power to intopate ia an iJlheI-.
ent part oIthe Court'. conatitutionalauthori" 0eI'
the Bar. In providing that -.he Supreme Court may
IICIop& ruJee of court to effect tho Intetration of the
Philippine Bar: IWpubllc Act 6377 neither conr.n
new power nor re.trlell the Court'. Inhorent.
power, but ia a more lelliHIuLl". dt..elaratlon that the
intetraUon ot tho Oar will promClte public IntoNlt
Gr, IftClI'O 'pctelnrally, will -raiN tho .&andardl of the
Iopl ptUf'Nlllon.lmprove tho admlniKratlon ofJu\ice, and enable the Bar to dlnarae
Ita public ....
IpoDIlblllty IftClI'O off...:ti"ely. (In re: lntetratioD 01
tho Dar otthe Philippine., 49 SCRA 22),
It the Integratlon of the

_I'M

Yea. In aU
lion

tuN

ai' conlthutlonal?

whtll'\' the vlllldity of' Bar Inttllra

hall ,*,n put In "'Utl the Courta haw

upheld thtll' con.Utut!nn"Uty.

Ttl" Judicial pronouDC'tlmC'ntilneupport or tho ron.titutinNdlt1 01
bar In,...,..lion are:
power to

."pttI'\'iIIe and

1.

Courta haw inho",nt

"'KUlllw tho practlco

I.

The prlK'tlftl ClflAW I. not. VtIIIt.d narht but.

prlvllttp; pnvlh,lI". mltl"OOV\'r,~Iuthud with
puhllt Inttol'M&. bt't:IIUIIO lAwyer owae duU ..
not 0011to hll tll"n' hut AI., to hi. brethron
in thto p"",""Ion, to ,btl courta nd to tlw na
tion; .nd tall .. part In one or the molt Import

or I"w.

,.

aPLAlfDJUDlCIAL
IAIIJYIIWIR

maca

IN
QUI8TIONS

ftaDdioD' oItIIe State, the edmiftlatra

:-~,.",

a.

'"

=with

omcer 01the Court.

the practice of law II prl"jJ

public iDt.e~. It ia fair and .
that the eserdIe 01that. pnvilep be 1'1, Plat.1I1
to .. ure compliaace With the lawyer a Pu
responsibilitie&.
'!'be public reapoDIibilitiea CID best be .
dwpd tbrou8h ooIJectiye actioo; but there
be DO coUectiveaction without an o~
bodTo DO orpnired bocIy can operate eO'ec:tj
without iDcUJ'riDI espeDIM; therefore, it it
ancljut that aIIatt.omey1l be requirecl
tribute to the support of ncb ol'lanized bod"

AND ANSWERS IN LIQAL moca

.,.,

that the CIOIt oIimpl"OYiDc the prote.iaD ill tIu. fub.

ion be Ihared by the aubjede ancl beDe&ciariee 01
the ftIIU)atory propam - the Ia.,..... (In n: IBP
membenlUp due8 cleUnqueDC7 01A~ Marcial A.
EdiDoo, Adm. Cue No. 1928,74 O.G. 7951).
184. Q.

BrIen, describe HIM featurn of the propoaed

Code of ProfnsIonai Rnponslbllltr .......
by
the .......

A.

to-.,

Iied

a.r of the PhHlppIneL

The Code or Profealonal RelpolUlibiJity preparecl

by the Committee of Profeuional ResponaibiJity,
DiacipliDe .Dd Di.barmeDt baa the roUowiD,

r.. tuna:
1)

ancl. Ii" aistiDI Bar conditiona, the ...

efticieDt IDUDI 01 cIoiDc ao it by integratlac

the BIr t.brougb a rule of court that
all la.,en to pay annual duee to the In""
.... ted BIr. (In re: IDtegratioD of the Bar, 41
SCRA22)'

recruu..

The cocIe ia hued ODproviaiolUl of the Pbili,.

piDe Bar AaaociaUOD, Canon of ProIeuionai
Ethica, Code 01American Bar A"";atioD, CaDadian Bar AuociatioD, Di.atrict of Columbia,

aocl California State Bar;

2)

S)

11S. Q.

It ia clividecl iDto four chapten

IiptioDa of the lawyer to:
(a)

lOCiely

(b)

latal profeuloD

(c)

the court

(d)

the cUent;

cIefiDinI the ob-

There an twen17two canona; each canon ia

followed by dl.dpUnary rulH. Th ........
ninetytwo rulee cliatributecl amanc the twentJtwo alnona. There an canona for ".yen iD
IJOvemment aervlc:e continpnt f.. for the
whol. amounta not .Uowed. Canona ....
upirational, whe.".., the rul.. an diaripU.
nary.

Mar an Incumbent RegioMl TrIal Court Judge ...

..... or Ibe.nce and a".., .. the ,.,... .......
the of his brother who II candid ... for public
ofIIce, In the canva lng of the vote. befON the

,.

QUISTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LIGAL

mucs

decidecl on ltipuiatioD. (See AIIociacian de AIricul

tun de Taliaay-SiI.,
SCRA 327).

til.

Q.

A.

ta.

VI.

Tali .. y .. mil" Co. 88

,.

A municipal judge dllmllMd a frustnItH murder

complaint on motion of .... prtva .. prosecution on
.... ground ttl..... parties hIId 8IIIIcabIJ MttIecI
.... c.... Is "'II pI'Oper?
-.
No. C~e victilDl Iho.dd Dot aid in ;,a,taininc im
munity from pl'OlUtiOD for the eulpriL Courts
,ahould DOt aid in enforcing contractl which pervert
the law. (See F~ardo VI. Bacarro. Sr., 117 SCRA 11;
but Me J. Abad Santell. dialeDt)
,

Q.

The Kculed In a crimi .... cae ... ordered,..

IHMd by
municipal Judge without postitlll a
bond. lAt
property bonds ....
posted but
appeared that one of .... Iota had been forec:loMd,
while the others did not ha.,. cIe .. n~ from the
Mlnl.try of Agrarian Reform. Is .... Judge guilty of
misconduct?

or

A.

Vea. The judp lapi1ty

miIconduc:t for releuinc
the aeeuHd without bond; later accepUnc defective
real property bondl. Thia indicates partiality to the
1IC'CUMd. The appropriate penalty iIa fine of three
montha .. lary. (In re: De OnIda. 119 SCRA 189).

170. Q.

Respondent Judge .Igned .. a witness to a deed

of land which belonged to X. a former client of ....

tl1. ~

judge when .... latter

tlllin prtvate practice.
The land w.. forec:loMcI by
DBP and sold to
X lat ... que.tloned
th. deed of ... Ignment. X
charged the Judge with having
him Into
.Ignlng the deed which he did not understand. The
Judge denied the imputation. X also KCUMCI the
Judge with engaging In law practice by being ....
...,.,
of Y. DkI the Judge engage In law practtc.
by hi. Intervention In the transaction?

v:

,...1UNd

A.

No. The act of the judae in ad, ... ,,,, X or the co.,...
quencte and implication of the UIIipment 0( the

LA"'P JUIJICJAI,

mIICI

BAlI JJVfJ-,fI J,IOA

"

I.- prlJctlce
CO
'{II no'

~1

b(lCftUIlCl

'lfJtHTIf ,NH AN') ANHWf.JUt IN

the",

ren" and Y; h. dId not ~

,"a.

no eourt actiO" be~-or'{ nor did he rtlCelve any

_-'
lot dihtl'retlul' o(hllJ Intervention.
conal bemell''':''',
1J 8 seRA 7).

prOrtl.d. Inle,
fotfowl: .. ptrHNItly beleve ..... the Supreme Court WI8 wrong In refutIng to
bIll In the c.... cited by .... F....
,
know thai the facie In the cited CIHS art a!moat
ldentlc.'lo IhOlt .hown In th.. elM. but I.trongly
,"I ..... the Supreme Court overlooked the equItable end humanitarian npects 01 .... caM.

(s-

.
171. Q.

c-tro'" c.pu

."ow

L"'" whof.II,d to d.cld Pen

~"""'-rnonth' ple.d. lick of
motJon for
..........
"""'..,Iv.1I of on t.nographer ...
~hI

Dltcu.. the Itgll.nd tthlc:lllSfMCte

(1.. 7 Bar)

.",....,...1
A.

mUli keep watchful eye on the leYeJ

No. Jucfaea and conduct 0( court. personnel.
ce
peno;.:..
in administrative supervision
or -..
enq J
undesirabletrait. Judge. who let

Le.i

plo~

A.

=pt

in order to """"""

JudltIllOUfH

'"Ponde.tt

II .... lIWyerInd the I.wyer.hout.c!

..
TIlt Judgt In I loud volc. told the lawyer lilt
.... II dllNlptCtful. M.ythe Judg. be h"d I....

for toeing

A.

order InhI, court,

his...,

In the Courtroom?

Raponden'judae reprimandod for hl"llDcaft.

trolled p8JIion. Jnstead 0( shouting at the lawyer,
he Mould have maintained his composure. In ma~
talni." dfcarum in the court, tho judge should I((
with ulmolt
(See Martinez VI. Pahlmulill,
J18 SCRA 136).

_riet,.

173. Q.

In the COUfN 01. procttdlng before. RtgIoNJ

TrIal Court involvIngI petition for .dmllilon to
W or '1*IOn clllrged with rebellion, the pnIIo
lCutIon dIM vllfoue Supreme Court decl,lon, In
wfIIcIt ...
".....
by other .ccuHd ptl'lOnl,
wert chmfaHd by Che Supreme Court. The RTC

!:'"ordIfIngNjIctIng
lilt PfOItCutlon' rgumtntl,
the def.nd.nC'. Idml 'on to bll~
In

01thttt

.Ialemenla of Ihel,'a'judgt.

II anCer eflkienc)', diligence and dcdieat!!:

paceJd
their peJ'llOnnelto be more dili~
:::; ellden' in the penonnance of their dutiCll. (ee.
In re: Apinaldo. 117 seRA 32).
172. Q.

I.

'''AJA'I mffCS

174. Q.
A.

A Judge may not deeide contrary to a Juriaprudence

lOt by the Supreme Court. Ifho reeJa that the application or a doctrine promulgated by the Supreme
Court I. aKnlnMthi. way or reaaoning or against hi"
conllCience,he may .tate his opinion on the matter
but ruther than diHpolling of the cue in accordance
with hill personal views he mu8t Ont. think that It
I. hhl duty to IIpply tho a.w .. Interpreted by the
HI"heat Court of the land, and that any deviation
from a principle lold down by the a.Uer would una
voldably cause, 811 II lCquel, unnoc:cuary Inconvenience, delays and expenllCll to the IiUpnta. (Albert
vs. Court of First Intll.llnce or Monila 18r. VlJ, G.R.
No. 1,26364, MIlY29, 1968).
Whala ... the grounds for dlsqual!fk:don
bition of judge. to try a ca .. ?

or inhI-

AJudge is dillquolificcl rrom sitting in a c:ue in which:

1.

He, or his wiro or child, I. pecuniarily IntorC!llted all heir. legatee, Cftlditor or othenriaej or

2.

lie hlUlboon an executor, admlnietrator.lU8rd.

Ian truHtoo or c:ounttel; or

4.

Ho has p....llidlocl In any Inrorlor court whore

hi" ruling or dClC.'hlionI. the .ubJod 0( review
(&e. I, Rulu 137, Rule. of Court)j

O.

ThoJudKo mll1, I" tho oXDrt'IHO orhl" IOUnddl..

cretiun, dhlqullilfy hlmllOl( (rom "ltU. In a
clIHCl,lhrJUHt lind valid rouHONI other than thON

lPI-A.'t(DA'DICIAL I"nIJCs

BAI~DI

CIIId-

~PtoPIt ..

17S,

a.

....

AaJchda. 64 SCRA 9Gl

;..c...
=~

dIIdlidiOft ......

II ..... a

QUISTIONSAMDANSWDS IN LIGAL

(Sec.l. par. 2...

won

P'OVkIed '"

Rule 137 of 1M Rev'MeI R.....

Court? ExpIIIn.
cIiIQDdioD betweeD .

A-

y.. there ..

..

I"

A-

cliIqualifica .
tiaD

iDhibitioD. 'I\e.we"
1M pIUDCII UDder wbicb ~

amcer it ~
a..- ~

JudIe.. . '.

froID adiDI U aucb. ...

tbertiD fJl aueh P'Oaada
cldao&ben- (Velel .. CA, S4 SCRA 109;
BalU)'O&. 40 PhiL 385; De 'h.........
El Hopr
piDO, 60 Pbil. 621; TaIiIa1.su., Millin, Co.
'hIoro. L-&571, March 31. 1962; People ...
78 PbiJ. 286), WheNU. the naI. OIl inhibitioD ...
Dot upreui1lDumente the lpecifte II'OUDda
iahibitiaD but mereIJ P'" I broacl buia
U., pod,lOUDIl or ethicallf'OUDCla <Del eMilio
JlftDoaa, , SCRA 148~ or IIr jut and YaIid ..
IODI 0Iher thaD u.o. _tiODed iD the ftnt ....
Iftph fIl uicl MCtiOD. (Geotiu .... 00uaJee. U.
SCRA 66). Stated cWFerntIJ. while the former ..
,,_,
IIpedfteI the peunda
cliIqualificatioD ...
Ii- the juclldaI omc. DO cliICretioo to trJ ..
I cue. the latter lea... the matt.er 0( lnhibitloa "
the IOUDdc1i1Cl"etioa 01 the Jlldp. (Pimentel ...
SaIonp. 21 SCRA leo)

ua

r.

171.

a.

177.

conduct he ..

Judge XWfaRed to rnotve a pendlni motion In

.... court bec ........
ped'eneI of .....
could
not be Iocallad ......
mlapl8ced. .. thIIa luatlft.
..... ground to rei ......
JudIe of bbHltJ?

A-

It II the dllty or a jlldp to adopt a ayatem or check

InI u.tilll fIlmattera IUbmiu.ecl for I'8IOlIlUOD.Here
the NIpCIftCIent'.necleet or dllty Ia a matter ofrecord.
EYeDthe withdrawal of the cIeeIatance or a complainaDt II DOt a I"O'IIId for the diamiual or the jlldp.
The r.poodeDtjudp
laceuurecl ror bia~

(See Supreme Court ReI01lltioD, Adm. Matter 2006,

April 27 1981).

a.

Wh8IIdnd of docurMnta ...., be noIarIud ." a

municipal JudIe acting .. notary u-otrlclo?

A-

H.1houId notariu only document. connectecl with

the _erNe ofhi.a ofI1clai duU.. ; beDel, ajudp who

lit.

edmIII....

....., ~
tor~.
The munIcJpII
Judge Jutllfleclllltamount of .... bali ...... ,.....

:"'~::'Icam ... from

for lilt Mcond~

". Supreme Court uid that_ the penalty for rna.

tntecl bomieicIe thna reckl_ impnadeDce II oob
arrato IIIO,7W iD ita .. iDilDWD period &0 priaioft
CIOr'NCeioaal iD ita muimWD period 10 that the ....
dium peaaltJwauId oaIJ be from ODe (I) Year, s...
(7) Montha ad EIeftD (11) 0.,. to Two (2) Y....
.... (10) Montha ad 1'nDtJ (20) D.,a. 'I1le cub
bell bcmd of'PlO,OOO.OO II ac:euive. It. the penaltJ
for driviq without Uce.... 110DIy a ftne olP300.00,
the baD boDd ofP500.00 .. aIIO round to be excelIi...Tbe receipt orPI30.00 which w_ euential iD
preparina and DOtarizinc the bail boDd II aIIO im
proper. (See IbaMo, Jr. 'ft. Municipal Judp, Adm.
Matta" 1627MJ, Mq 13. 1981).

a.

MunIcIpIIJudge 'V' fixed a bill bond of P10,OOO"

end P5OO.00, ~.
for the provIaIonaI.
.,., ofT ...... charged ..... rn.tret.d ....
ddt tIwu NCkIMt ~
and drtvIng ...

0UI1Icenee. For ....

charged with having rec.lved the amount of

P'I30.00 far noWIII
on the ball bond of the
acalMCl. ThIs .. justltlecl ." the municipal Judga
on the ground that the tum of P130.00 ......
onable .. notarial ... and co.t.lby he be held liable
on .....
chargn?

n~

o('fICM ..

mncs

baII-

tl.ty to one.... Juatltled the

......
nlJudge .......

171.

__ RINLBGAL
BARRBVl"-

.umJUDICIAL

sal- is liable to

17t.

Q.

..

A.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN LEGAL ETHICS

reprUnall4l

otariJel8 deed oC Adm. Matter 211S-MJ ....

Dd -'."JIlent. (See 1765 October 17. 1980)
a JIlOPJDI'
.. ..I... .'.tter
.
22. 1981; rw-' AU
urch ed a Toyot8 mini
R.. pondent Jud~ m.klng a down P'Y""'"
for P12.ooo.00 A ndent Judge f.lled to Ply
P2.ooo.oo. the ,.~: of eight yea.... He wal "'balancefor petlvely ch.rged. May he be li_
fo" admlnlltra for thl. non-payment?
admlnlltratlvely
. I Ajudge is expected to be a III
Thejudae IIb.~~~ess and bonesty not only ba
of upright.nHS :' t also in his penonal ac:tuati
official condu~ u and commercial transaction
iDd~dinib:::S conduct that would result ba
aVOld~li truSt and confidence. Non-paYlnent
~vil .. rvice offense. The judge ia
a period of three months. (See
Matter 19()6.MJ. May 30. 1981>-

~of:.

~:d'!:. C:
110. Q.

miles

...

182. Q.

(2)

113.

No. They should tirst be 8ubjected to impeachment

proceedings. ThiB is to protect judicial independence
and adhere to the principle of separation oCpowers.
Members oCthe Supreme Court would be vulne rable to all manner of charges which might be brought
against them by un8uCC888fullitigants or their lawyen. (See ADM. No. 88-4-54. Resolution dated April
15. 1988. In re: Indor8ement oC Hon. Raul M.
Gonzales on Anonymou8 Complaint)

Q.

What modifications have been Introduced under

Rul. 139-8 on Disbarment of Discipline. promul.
gated Aprll 12. 1988?

A.

The new rule authorizes disbarment proceedings to

be initiated by the IBP Board of Governors motu
proprio. upon referral by the Supreme Court or by
an IBP chapter. and the inve8tigation conducted by
a national ,nevance Invelltigator appointod by the
IBP Board of Governors. Final resolution oCthe calli
is still lodpd with the Supreme Court. (See Part IV
oCthis Reviewer)

a member of collegiate court like the

,,!.. Court be charged under Art. 204. ReV!

No. Mid. lOt ret.n to an individual judp w
C'QIDIIlilllUC'h all offtn18 in any ease submitted
him b derision. (Eva Maravilla Dustre va.1AC.I
SCRA382)

Q.

"'y an individual Judge

be prosecuted under

2M. RevlHcl Penal Code by the T.nodbayan lito

__ the alleged unjust Judgment hal been pa...
upon by an appellat. court?

A.

1M. Q.

No. It it DOt &he proeecutor who would pa .. Jude-'

.....
!OIl &he "uqjuatJMnta- of the dision I't'ndt~~

't:'- proper

b~ ~ but
dirtioa to ""'"

appellate Court with Ju"_

&he .. me. either the Court 0( ."

PMIa iM'ar &he Supreme Court. (Eva Mara,i!II
Duatn -lAC. 148 SCRA 382)

May Justices of the Supreme Court be subject to disbarment or disciplinary proceedings

while In office.

A.

ment?

11t.

(1) Maya fllcal or the Tanodbayan entertain

criminal complaints against members of the
Supreme Court; and

. PeMi Code for knowingly rendering UnJUI' Judt

It.

811

A.

May. Iltllng Judge s.. k admission to membership In a foreign bar?

.1

No. An incumbent membor oCthe Philippine judiciary cannot look admillllion to a Coroign bar
thil
will nlake him an omoor oCthe courts of a Col't'lp
country and IUiUt'ct to the Jurisdiction thereof. This
is incompatible with the position of a Judl8 in the
Philippint'8. (Re: Applirntion to be AdmltWd to the
New York Bar oCan
JudKO. BM 429. Marth 24.
1988)

me

~AND.lUDICIAL

maca

lAI_"""ac

QUI8TION8AND ANSWlK8IN LIOAL ftllIC8

paACTlCAL EXERCISES
fA conveYence: .......

...
tIL Q.

.,...,... (tl,,8II)

III"'"
A-

til.

III

...

wbich"'"

preaenteatate or
DO title untO the

1..

"....
".,.,u at a cIeed aN L
I-

..
I-

I-

t..

Q.
.f.

rl-

~,.,Suffi .

...,.

A-

I.DODlawyer may be appointed notary public only

." applicaUoD directly with the Supreme Court.
(RaaoluUoo ot the Sup ..... Court iD Adm. MaUer
No. 86-10-8812. Oct. 29, 1986)
.

Q.

Who appoints NotarIea PublIc?

A.

The Euc:uU .. .Judp ot the Recional Trial Court

Ippoint. Notari. Public.

Q.

DefIne pINcIInp -

A.

Pleadinp .... writt.eD aUeptiou ot the parti.

cIaima and def'..... aubmitted to Court for trial and

-u...

nial -:,....
... aial- A
aDJjk.e a trill

Q.

cIocUJD8D' aDd lDIta

thlidl 01 writiDc.

I..... ill --

1...
IariallUhject-maUer

Valid. peI ..Juab1e cooaideratioD

111. Q.

, .... .......-,lipi", aDd deIiYerJ ..

..,....
(See Mc:rriIOD ... American
...... S..I. 489. 26 C... .s. em D. rill. Sec.

A1tz.

Q.

". Wnk iItile c:Iaue wbicb .w.....

.....
1M ...-,...,..
the
~thepartiee_

at ,'_

.....

tbe

_1IIe......,_io ........ ~

A-

Q.

........ ..,NIIc?

A-

I.Na&ar,"'" ill pubUc

-.

ia .....

(See..,

tl7.

--

......

....

1I........

ff

omc. ....

I
clutJ iI

0(.., .... ,. wriC&FC

...a.w. ..

ewicIeacI rl~

bJ-.

facta tbenia ...... ad who iI.u&borilecl

.........
; ill. __ oetha. (Bal1enti .... lIIl

nc",.,.....

public?

DefIne motIonl EYer7 appUcatioo for an order not included in aJudI

ia I motion.
May I SMlt'11awyer who II not member of the
regular !HIrbut .n LLBgrM"'"
'PPHI' befoN the
reg&Mrcourta ev.n In caMI ....
the SMrt'1 DIetrIct Court and the ....... court have conc:urr.nI

decision?

wbicb eet.a b1h the ~

die ~ w .... ia tile kiDd o(_un
emwbidI
.................
11wI. the pbrue ~
Inn _
to ...... aDd to bold.
liDia Law ~
.. 642).
iIf' I

be .ppol..led..."

_t

DIIIII""'''' ......1....,.".,....

.....

JadlmenL

at ClllDft7UC8

PropIr ....

17

The Supreme Court ruled that Shari'. lawyer who

Ie an IJ.B pu .. c:unot appear before.,..war
CIOUrt neD ill cuea when , Shan.., Diatrict Court
and the recuJar court ha.. ClllM:Url'eDtdec:iaiona. (See
Bar Matter No. 681,Aupt 6,1983 Minute Raolu
tiOD.)

1.1. Q.

In til" the Social Weather Station AIM out with

IUNeY which .ppeared 10 have cast doubt on
.... llagrtty and perfonMnce of .... Jo.JCllcIary. The
"..Ident of .... SocW Weather St.aIIon ... asked
10 explain "' .. lurwy on pain of cone.mpt br Judge
Alunclon. The SocIal WMther Station ...
Mfted that .... ,. II no pending cue before Judge

....Imo

alolllJ\tl\IC'IAI. KTlnt~

aAIlII1Mt.'\\'t.1I

II'~I gt1A I . "'.

thl SoCial WeatherSta~

A'unCIO!\InvolvlnGrth.' no Jurt.dlctlon.
thIrtfott tltl' Cou
rt .ullll\ined Jud,cc AHundOil
A.

A.

1ea.

M.y

The Sup",,,,e
tht're " no ~ndin, ~
.na that even h. can queelion the IUrvey of
fore the jU~~ doubt on the int.el(rity of lbt!
caM' which ~~ ute RellOlution RTe No.
dary. (See In
va. Judge Mnximo

A.

No .. held in In ,., CaroLl, 244 SCRA 614. But.

l'I(tCl(ioul I'RRIerror with bod raith conltitutel
mbltundud. (Ruboca VI. Pant.anOllBl, 246 SCRA 293).

Q.

Wh.t Is hurried justice?

Nowember 18. 1993'

A.

Such promptnetll .... nllt. IIObered with prudence

end wisdom In the final dh'poeilion or CUM fioe.
qucnUy ruauiling in lpeedy injustice. (See Bull va.
Alipanli. G.R. No. 40623-R, April 16, 1975)

Q.

May. SMrI'Ia.wy., who II an US ......

IPPOInted Notary Public? .

A.

No. Supreme Court. Resolution dated May 24,1994.

Bar Matter No. 702.

':ouch

atation

--~"""".I

ud be' ,ubJtcl of .n ICImlnl'tratlyt

"i~Jfot~IIU" to pay debt or for hi' failure
~
with his civil obIlgltlon?
The Supreme Court hal conalllwnLly ruled that
. :-tive complaint is not the forum for
ad min......
J d D'

lect.lon or dcbta. (In re: u ge Icon and JUde,

Dlndoc. AM No. 93-803 and AM No. 93-806, Jill,

30,1995'
115.

Q.

Doll. mlnut. moIutIon of the Supreme

Q.

Co..t

'nM denial to live due coune to petition for lick

tJI meril compliel with Sedion 14, Art. VIII or the
Conatitutioll. (See SmithbeU va. Court 0( APJIeIIt.

A.

May I Judg. IVlliin .xecutlv. clemency for pen.

...... Impoald by tht Supreme Court?
No. Preeidential or Eucutive Clemency doea ..
extend to adminilltrative penalti. in the judicial'J
(Uana VI. Orboa,202 SCRA 8044)

187. Q.

May Judge ,vIII of his feeling of 'ympathy and

pity for the ICCUHd In rtndtrIng ilia vtrdIc:t?

A.

No. Coon. are not conterned wiLl\ the wiadom, effi.

cacy and morality orthe cue. (People VI. Anigo, 252
SCRA 43; People VI. Veneradon, 249 SCRA 244)

bt

May alawyer'l contractual obligation be enforced

A.

No. The Supreme Court. ia not the proper rorum lOr

redretlll of grievancel ror unrulfilled obligation of a
lawyer. (Litigio VI. Oican, 246 SCRA 9)

Q.

May a lawyer be utilized .. I ltate wItnnI against

hlsclent?

197 SCRA 201)

1M. Q.

for .rrora?

by an administrative charge?

which ellaml.....
CIH for lack of mertt YIoIIte
the provl.lon of Art. VIII of the Constitution?
A.

JudQ. bt punl.tled

II

Q.

Social Wt"athor

114. Q.

QllltHTIUNH ANI) ANHWf:11H IN UtUAL Imllt,.

203.

A.

No. (People

Q.

What ..

A.

A lawyer who ia aaked to adviae hia client. . may

freely urge the atatement or poeitiona IDOII. favorable
to the client. jUllt ulong 88 there ia reaaonable baaia
ror thole poeitiona. (ABA Opinion, 314 (1965))

VI.

Sandiganbayan, 272 SCRA 585)

the limits of partisan actvoc:acy?

The lawyer . ia not an umpire. but aD advocate. He iIunder no duty to rerrain from every proper
eflUment in IUpport. or any lepl point. beca .... ~
.. not convinced or ita inherent lOunclneaa Ria
penonal belier in the lOundne .. of hia ce .... or 0(

oH2AL~p JtJ('I(~IALmIICS
....~.. INI.....
PAl' J(Ii\'It:" ,,"

rtinll it,' J. irrelevfthl

, thf autht'

QUlBnON8ANDANSWERSIN

(.\

rit1~ lIUPpO
11)49 J)

OpInlcM\ 2lI31

204.0.
A.

'n th~bc)Undeof tho 1ft" Po

AdVfJ('Ar'/ wlthl arguablo construction or
~ .uornt'Y &0 ..,e ~~If to the client. But he Ie
R tee wbich 18r.vo Jy advance a claim or derQ
10kDO""~ under existing laws. (V"dltr
. that it unwa
768)
Montero. 24 6
to determine conflicting Inter.
WhIt'" the tests

.:owed

rr;RA

_1.
. _ when on behalt ot one ~
CtJnIlict'nI Dut~ duty to contest tor that _~
it is the attorneYc~ientrequires him to opPGle_
duty 10~~ilitY
ohuch situation will dev.l-.
wben this po8SI
- .........
jon _ whether the accep~
/nviltJliOll of
prevent a lawyer fiom the fill
~ new~:
duty of undivided ~~elity and Jo,.
~
dient or will invite suspIcion ot unfaitIa.
:::
arcloubJe-dealinI in the performance tberect

~us':n

U: of prior jllOlPltdgt obtained - whether a Ia..

., wiD be called upon in biB new relation to lilt
the first dient any knowledge acquired
the previous employment. (U.S. VB. LanuUa, 21 Phi.

:m500)

205. 0.

AIty. Aand oCherofllc:ers of USTFaculty Union ...

crlSlllissed by USTas faculty members of said IIIio
versify. Atty. A represented the union when UST
and USTflCUlty Union entered Into I mtmot'lfto
dum of agreement Inthe said MOA, the unlversMy
tntrustId to Atty. A the disbursement of rnoner

dill the Union.The MOA also charged In amOllll

n to the attorney's fit of Atty. A. Rule on the coo. duct of Atty. A.

A.

Attomey A W8I involved in obvious conflict oCin...

eat when in addition he chose to act 81 concurreat
lawyer and president of the UST Faculty Unioa ia

LItOAL miles

.1

tol1in, the compromiae apeement. The ted 0(conOiet of intemt amone lawyera II .. hether the acceptance
a Dew relation will prevent an attorney
&om the fUU dilcharp 0( hII duty 0( undivided ft
delity and loyalty to hII dient or invite IU8pidon
unfaithfulnou or double-dealing in the perf'onnance
thereof." (Marciano P. Brion, Jr. YI. 'ranaaco
Brlllant.ea, Jr., A.C. No. 6306, March 17,2003)

or

or


",.,..,t)'

P.rt III

&hI ".
th" lullj..ct n,,,U., uta P""IOUIIadntlnll.....Uw ('''"'I,I"Int In whlrh h
alIMeIy meted the penalcy or.I.
month. IU"lM'nllcm .Ithout pq.

un

"1

RaJ;,.,,:
CASES IN JUDICIAL ETHICS

Juclp dllmlNed. It .ppM"na that notwidUltaDCllnt

the pt'ftalty previoualy 1m.,.... upon hi ... he conUnued
with hla micilUailOll. RetlpondentJudp and hia paramour
contin,"", to Uve together .. bulband and wlr. eftD after
he w .. already .u.pended for the ofI'elUle.
Ajudp lull'en ftoommoral obluaeneu with hia weird
DOtion of' moraUt)' In public ofnce wbeD he labon under
the deluaion he can be a juclp and at the ..... time ba".
miatnu In deftanee of' anonl or aelUle vi lDoraU..,
conduct. The abaenee of' crimlna1llab1l1t, cIoee DOt ,..e-

lude dladpUna"1actio" by NUOft vlhll hilhlY UDCCIft ...

tional W81 and cen.urabl, behavior. Un re: cn JucIp 01
Alunn d,1 Norte, Butua", Adm. Malter 1911, ..anue.,
31,1981).
Rali,..:
1'Iae ClllGlpIaiDt IhouJd be diamlued. The ft8pODd.
eat Judie laM CIOIIIIDit&ecl error iD luul", the writ of' a
ecutioD. n.e proper nmedJ 1110 elevate the matter to the
appropriate appeIIat.t tribwW. Jud,eI IMY not be 8CIDOUIIto
able f'oreter7.IUDIOUI runn,. Mere erro ... ln the .pp ....
datioD orb IaWID81 DOt be vilitecl with a r.ther .. Yen
peDalt,. (Ia rr. DiItric:& JucIp,Acuaan, Adm. M.tter 1720,
JUU8IJ 13, 1981).
2. Judge LIable for Dllmll ... for continuing Immor8I R...
ton ...............
......."clltclpHnedforauch
...
concIuct.

'am:
Reaponclent judp wu charred tor Immor.l lI.l8IIII
with a"OCher ......
'11Ie .... pondent Judp aUepcI that

S. ImmcnI Advancn on Llllgant br Judge Ground lor

DIsmIs ....
Ft.:
Reapendont Judge w.. dleml"'"

for lucivloua and

Indecent advancel on alitiganL The Inveatiption ahowed

that the litilant wu kilJlled and embraced by the juclp III

hie c:hamben whon the litilant wont to the court to plMd

for the lifUng of the writ of'attac:hment laaued by the CICIW't.

RaJ;,..:
The Supreme Court ruled that luc:h _plc:aba. aoUon by a JudIe towarda a party 1It1lan\ cIeaervea aewre
reprobation. Such mlac:onduc:ttalntl the 1m.,. oIthe memo
ben of the Bunc:h In the e,. of the public: who would 10M
faith and tn-t In the uprllhtneaa and capacity 01 Judpe
to be fair and honeet with lltlaanta. (Cr. Juclp, Apaa.
Del Norte, Buluan, Adm. MaUer 2300'

H:

4, A Judge

~,!noC

depend on subordinate.

CASES IN JUDICIAL ETlIICS

to ,..

him of his uw-......

Fact,:

when the ri,ht. 0( the adverae party will be affected. (In

re: Municipal Judge of Makatl, Adm. Matter 2035, Janu
ary 31, 1981).

tjudge wa' charged With having decide4

a ~:d:e
9().day period. Judge" defonse ia tbathe
docldcd the ell*' within 90 daya from rocolpt. of the
tranllCl'ip" and exhibi" from the clerk. The eyjde~
Ihowed th.t the doclalon wna decided beyond the &acIa,
period flxod by the judge hlmlCllf for consldorlng the ~
.ubmltted for dodalon, although If ~unted from the dale
that he rocolvod the recorda &om hia clerk thl. would lit
within the 9().cIa)' period.
d

e.

The r pondent city jud,e acquittod the .c:eulfld In a

fBlllncaUon C8IIO becaWICI while he found the que.tlonod
dec:umont to be falained he doubted whother the .CCUCIed
were forpra. A complaint ch.rpd him with milCOnciun
rur not .pplyilll the pretlumpUon the uaer of the ror,od
document Ia tho roraor.

Rulill6:
Judp admonillhod, The collation of recorda, trq.
lerlpta and exhibit. .nd the preparation of dec:laioll lit
the 1010ftl8ponllblllUIII of a Judge and Mould be ftniahed
'within 90 daya!'rom lubml.alon. Tho roglomcmtary period
0(90 dRY.dooa not commonco to run only upon explraUOII
of the period liven to a~nocrftphora to complete tho trQ.
lerlpt. baeaUllO Ju.....
directed to "'ke netoe or the
hearin,. Judp.hould
not ... Iy on ,ubordlnate employ",
to remind thom ortholr doadllne. Subordinate emplo)'Clee
oUhe court are not tho lIlarelllln. or ajudgo'lrosponalblU.
t.loa (In ... : Adm. Mattor 2396, CFI, January 31, 1981).

..

Judge could not

Ic.,

.et on Motion. without Proof of Serv-

Ruli"ll:
The reepondontjudp waa admonlahed ror not Itudy.
In, conacionUou.ly the le,al ruiN applicable to the ca ...
Supreme Court aald th.t even If relpondont doubtGd the
accuaocl waa the roraor .nd may not bo convlct.od or r.lltn
caUon, the accullOdcould have been convlctod or tho u.. or
a falliOed dec:umenL (In re: City Jud,. of Ba,ulo, Adm.
Motter 1256, Aquat 8, 1980),
."

On. Month S.lary Fin. for Erroneou.

n.llnformatlon,

Qu .. hal of Crimi.

Fact.:
A complaint ror robbery with fhaltrated homicide w..
agnlnlt three ponona borore I'8llpondent'. court. A
moUon to qua.h W8ft mod ror two .ccuaed who wore lUll
at larp .nd oYer whom the court had not a(qulrocl JUN'
diction. Roapondontjud,. ,...ntGd the motion and ordered
tho police omcer to IUe.n .mended complaint.. at tho .am.
time .ho rec.llod tho warrant. of arro.t earllor 'Huod.

mod

Fact,:
A municipal Judge wu charpd with mleconduct rill'
roaolvllll a motion ror I'OCOneldorationwithout proof of lOrYIce on the othor party.

Rulina:

ErroneoUi Acquittal by Judg. a Ground for Admonition.

Fac":

~:~ahed
...

by a ::~
No moUon .hould be acted upon
gothor with copy or::O
~ IOrvlco or notice thereor, toIlinr the motion at 18B8~thon and othor pupo,. accomps'
roe (3) dll)'l bororo tho hearine

Rulina: '
Thla Ia an error on the part of the judge bocau .. Ih.
hnd .Irendy mado a prima facw nndln, .n.er the prellml
nary examination th.t. crimo hod boon committ.od by tho
accuaod who wore .t Iarp. n.r duty w.. to hoar the IIlld

L AmitabII........,..bItw .... Respoi1dentand ~

ani not Gtound to DismIu Charges.
10. A .... use of the Word -GIMMICK" whJ .. not Warranting
censure Is DeNrvtng of Admonition.

FacU:
RespGndeat mWIicipIJ jucIp wu acc:uaecI of milCJOD.
duct lOr threacemn, the complalnaat with a jail tenD I
they do DOtnatle the land. After the complaint ... &W
in the.Supreme ~amicabIe
Mllem.nt agreement ...
8Ubmitted, DOtWithitandilll the recommendation by the
inYelltip~ljudp.

The Supreme Court administered ..

..,. reprimand upon the judI' beeauae the execution tI

the ~IcabJe eettJement ahowt that respondent judp hili
:nmIMUed the 8dacomplained or. (In re: Municipal Jucf&e,

m. alter No.l07''''',Aq.

27, 1980).

InAbepuc. ofWanant of Armt Due to ReImMto

~_,not

Fact.:
~~dent
city judge wUacc"-_..I
allowini
reIDve.tip .
-tioG

meantime

hoJdilll the

then thereaftet

f'
duct itmllCOn
lUi
of cue in hie court and in the

.warrant

, pUting

of IlITeIJt in abeyance; and

a motion to dismiae filed by the

FacU:
In a deciaiOD acquittiq the ICICUMd in a rape cue,
the respondent Judie in his cIecWoa lltated that the fiIinc
01a cue wu retOrted t.ou limmick" t.o Ihow t.o the public that a church t.o which the complainant beJonp. hel.,.
ita membere. The church omciaJa charpd the respondent
judp with mieconduct.
Ruli".:
'l1Ie Supreme Court rulecl that the 11M or the word
limmlck offenell the eenaibiJitiee becaUII this word indicetes Jack of linearity. Howe'lr, the Supreme Court took
note of the ract that not aU membere 01 the Bench poe ...
an enenalve vocabulary In the En,liah lallp'"
eo that
the miauae of a word could not be rollowed aut.omatically
by reprisal or luffer character. Admonition rather than
censure is warranted. (In He: CFI Judp Abra, Adm. Matter 2440, July 25, 1981).


11.

Seven-DI1 SIIIIJ FInI tor I)eIiweIIng

aI Convtfttion.

Speech

In

p,

CASES 1N.n.1DICW.

a.pooclmt jud&e ill this case was fined seveQ-da,

ulary for deliftliDc a speech illa coaI'erenc:e of ~
captaiDI ukiDI those preaeDt.to support the leadel'lbip 01
a~
cap&aiD aDd a .. Del member.

able?

Rulin&

Ruli".:

The Supreme Court aid it ... improper or iDdec:o.

I'OUI ror thejudae to tab part illthe political meetina. Ilia
mere pnIIDCe ill the caafermce iIalready an endol'lelDeat
oIa candidate. H. wu therefore eDPpci in partiaq
political Ktjyjty. (Ill rt: en Judp. Laoag, Docoe None,
Adm. Matter 2258, JuIJ 20, 1981).

Fada:
Reepondentjudp wu ICCUIed oIicnorance orthe law
.... ~
an accused to altraicht penalty o( one (1),..
and eicht (8) montha or priIiDta t:orreioruzl; indemnification ofPl,135.00 with IUbaidiuy imprilonment 0( 141 da,.
in cue 0I1uo1VIDCJ.
RIIli".:

m.

Fada:

Judge Fined for DetentIon of Contemnor on Ind#IlICf

lemp' without HearIng.

eo.

Ftxt.:

.JucI&e.". ordered the impn.onment 01complainant

as punialuDeDl for .. iaiDl the enforcemeDt 01. writ 01
aecuUoII iuued by thejuclp. Compl.inant
re(UMd to accept the writ beca .... abe bad &led modoa for recoalideration or the cIeciaioD. AI ... u1l, complainant w.. detained ror 22 boura.
Rull",:

The Supreme Court band that the penalty was DCI&

in accordance withArl39 oIthuuheidia... . riao
l
Tbe-dwiciiarylmprieonmeDt
-J IDlp
Dmen
payment of the ft
!M1be ~poeed only (or DODia DOt applied. 'l1Ie~
=ter:mmate
aentencelaw
m, hiI ... and ,..,. 01
error and conaider'
aaluy fine " .. Im)lOlecllD'WDment lel"Yiee, two monthl
Adm. Matter No.2380 "~ the judge (In re: CFI Jud,.,
,"-I 31, 1980).
13. Whet Conltltlltel

FiliDc 01cledlioa

with the clerk 01court iIwhat

coutitute.
renclitioD oIjuclcmenl, not thelilDi", thereol
Judp mUl act with &patch OD their C8IeL (III re: CAR
Judp, Adm. Matter No. 1237 -CAR, AUC.21. 1980),

Y...

14.

.... s.nt.nc:e Law. Judge U.

.., .. for 1Wo Months SIIIry fine.

eo Apply .,...,...

Judp decided the IandIorcrI cue withiD the r.cIemeaw,

period oCthirtJ (30) da,. but did DOt deliver it 10 the clerk
oC court until ita promuJptioD five (S) IDODtha later. BeaponcIent jucIp aplainecl that he wanted 10 reI .... the
cIec:iaioD in the two euea uultaneou8ly.
He decided the
tenanfs case beyond the 3O-ciay period also. 11 Jucl&'e li-

Fom:

12. F....

mDca

RIfIdIUon 01

UT

15. Non-DocketIng of

ea... Warranta Reprimand.

Ftll:t,:

...

'I'wo
__
euea
ftJedberore
." the taant and the other .... the

ComplalDant bad only committed indirect coatempt

and canDot be puniahecl without a hearirll. The jucl&'e had
deprived complaiDant 01 her liberty without due proceu.
and liable for a fine 013 IDOntM ulary. (See Lepspi ...
Municipal .Judp, Adm. Matter 204c)"M.S., .July 31, 1980).

m... t.

qrarian
court. one
the landlord. Respondent

The .. pondeat municipal judI' docketaa compiaiDl

a cue DUIDber only after the compleUoa 01
preliminary InveatiJatioD. He w.. eharlocl with neeled of
duty. Later COIIIplalnanL moftd \0 dlIIm....
and UliIM

CASEs IN JUDICIAL mucs

100

Rulint:
docket the case is a violation of Sec:, ,.
Thefailureto
oCCourl Notwithstanding the ...,
Rule 136, of ~ RuI;:. reprimanded and admonished de.
IiltaDce, the
(See Advincula VI" Mun. Judge, ~
the Supreme us. Sept. 12 1980).
Matter No. 1610.- ,
'
,
,

11. Emn In PtnIftY. .

L

The judge im~

in.~paleasepenalsubsity= ;~Pt~

ment, althouP ..... pI1DCl

e"6" 1eaIa
0(priIitNa IIIIJ1(Ir. in another ease, he lDlpoaed III iIlo

cletermiDate _tence of two months and ODe day II

minimum to four months of GI'1'r8to IJIG)W: The.iud&t
WII a former fia). For these blunders, showing lick
offamiljarity with e1ementar,y rule of penalty, juda
wu IeVtI'ely ceuured and fined one month aaIaJJ
ClDre: CFI Judge, Adm. Matter No. 604 cn, Feb.2O,
1981)
b.
.., ~

Reepaadeotjudat impoeed strajght penalty ofpriliol

IIIGJW OD accused without specifying minimum IDCI
muimum. His ezpJanation that it is understood that
minimum is less than six-years and maximum DOt
more than twelve years is DOt satisfactory. Judp iI
admoaiabed.
re: CFlJudge,Adm. MaUer No. 1553,
Sept. 12, 1980)

an

f7.

I
I

motion to dl ...... AI:&. hi' tiom ..

ing an anti"lJ'8ft cue. ,- the
:;::"'""',)'
m
Court, petitiooer a UI. "'IS before the Supreme i
ing before the judgevtrred that he could not get fair"'" I
ferectto petitioner a
~jUdge had previoualy ri ;
charpd that there
:y t was to be titled. Judie I
to bribe him. JueI was an attempt by petitioner', Jawyer
motiOD to diaq~a:.~
that he heard evidence on the
inhi~it himaeJ( WouJd be' GUndit lI'Oundleaa, 80 that to
minister _peedy, fair: an:bandonment of hi' duty to adCourt denied ~ petition toim~a1 trial. The Su~
disqualify judge by vote rJ
CFljudp rejected

::::eu:

101

5-3. (See LiDco, It aJ. VI. Hon. CFI Judge ofRizal, G.R. No.
65939, May 29, 1981).
11. MIY Judge be held admfnlstratlvely liable for NndtrIng
an erroneous order or judgment?

No. Certain it is that a judge may not be held admiJl.

iatratively liable for every erroneous order or dec:iaioD be
reDders. 'lb hold otbenriae would be to render judicial office untenable, tor DO one called upon to try the facta or
interpret the Jaw in the proceu of administering justice
can be infallible in hiajudgmenl While the court will never
tolerate or condone any act, conduct oromilaioD that would
violate the norm of public: accountability of dimini_b the
people's faith in the judiciary, neither will it beeitate to
lhield tboee under ita employ from unfounded IUita that
only aerves to disrupt rather than promote the orderIJ
admiDittration of justice. (Benito An, VI. Judge ReiDato
QuiIala, Branch Clerk of Court Zenaida Reyee-Mac:abeo
and Clerk m Louie Mac:abeo,AM. No. MTJ..03-1476, Feb:ruary 4, 20(3)

Den ... of inhibition Upheld.

fl. MiltII the liability of

judge who allowa her huabInd.
prIvIIte praclltloller to
the add,... of her court .1
his ofIIce adchII?

By allowing ber hUlband to WI8 the adclreu of her

court in pleadiDp before other courts, the judge indeed
aJJowecI her husband to ride on ber prestip for pUlJlOllel
of advancing his private interest.
She is guilty oCvioJatin, SC Administrative Circ:uJar
No. 0199, SC Circular No. 3.()2 and Canon 2, Rule 2.03 of
the Code oftile Judicial Conduc:t. (Judge EatrelJita M. p..,
VI. Edgar

E.AImarvez,A.M.No.

01-12-02 SC,April 4, 2003)

20. Is .c:c:eptance of. conlultancy contract In GOCC vlolation of the prohibition from ,.appofl,1ment ImpoMd on
Judge In the administrative cue?

FGeta:
A complaint Cordisbarment wa_ filed agaiDIt a diemisled MTC judge for ac:eepting a legal conau.ItaDq ,_

liM alluwa .. tlaln,. Th. CIt)' Fi .' .uhpll"""ocl .nd oto

clt'rina hi", to tubmit hie eounbl md.,lt. wllhuut nlin.
It with th. SUP"'n~ COlIn; the
w.. ..,rvoclln
.. ' court. Tho lap
pre.id"nt h.d .. "I"" refU-.-d
to aupport ~
chapter noU", t.rk or du. prortoM.l'lo""
J.lOUCbt
pmhibitioft.

_1

'''''1*''''

.,.Uun.'

RlJirw:
Prohibitioa 8"Mted. Th' rondut't of City Fileal In
be part
ech.m. to place Jw4... In
t'ODtempl aacl c&rtpu" calla b viprwe eondomnaUon.
U ..
EuMiw Order No.lI64 (1870). oomplaInta apt_
Judpe ahoWd be flltd with SuPNme Cowt .. dttputlMnt
hMdo When a Judp Ie the ~tt't or eomplaint that 'atb
6Ma ffJa. and utillMcl to tmbarTue and humiliate a nwmbM- or the judiciftey. SuPN"'O Court wUllntwM. Judi
cial indc-pcond~ntocan tit t'l\lCll'dby al\)' COrmof\'\'Jll\tkm,
lnt'ClO'~~1\C'Oor haruamt'nt. t'tIplally whon the condun
or th. fttcoal " charadt'rill'd with ha"t. and
NI.
,s.. Furtun va. Cit)' ,*.1. et al . a.R. No. ~.
Mit)'

aDowina hilutlf'to

ora

~"I.......

17,1981).
23.

Calling a party an "Octop" Dlct ....

ttc .. 1mproper for

a Judge.
Facts:

_
Because the .tlGr'Dr7 ClDDtinUtd to argue althouch tilt
judp aDDCMmcIed that the CUt it auhmitWd. reapondtal
judp remarkfd - Biwalill IiIG cfiJoa. (I will boa,.
~).

~~monisbedto be more prudent and Iten Judie. Ada

atraiDed ID his..JUdicia) behaYiour. (In re:

Matter No.IS.S, Feb. 20.1981),
22. .............

ton

of Judges

Not Count.nancecL

i..~~~~~
: '"611Q1Ul

the local mp chapter btwith falaiftcatiOD

of,... 1

,
I

\\"ht'n complainant moo a motiOD to du.qul\li~ ft'pondent judp &om ht'arina a civil ca.. , the laUt'r ronaidH't'd the all~tioM thoNin as a slur and .. an _ult
on his iD~ty and NquiNd tho tbrmer to ahow :aut why
he Mould DOt be cltl'd tor din!C'tcontt'mpt. At the hearina
of the ahow cau. nt'r. ~pondt'nt uUt'Nd lnt~mporate
pl\ralN alludina to complainant as .tupid. an octopus. and
a noc:od~ and .. If-ann(lint~ I~al tyranlln vit'w Uwl't'Of.
complainant ru~ an adminilltrativo ch.rp "",inat N.ponchont alltaina impropor d\'CONm. milK'Onduct lind/or
committina atta unbt'romina of a Judatt'. Rl-epondt'nt denied tht' eM1"&"- Tho Ju.tic. or the CA to whum the "aM
was rt'~mcl for inV'HtipUon reeomme>nd~ thC' diami ... l
of the adminittrati,~ complaint in ,i(lw of ~ dH'-t.~to
of eomplainant c:ontainl'd in an amda,it .ubmlUH to him.

104

BAR RE\1t.'WER I

rUJOAL AND JUDICIAL ETUics

CASES IN JUDICIAL

. respondent to have deported r..._

'J1,e ~. Oneb'" rum admoni8ht.'CIthe lotter ~. ~
proper j~d~al ~rate, insulting and undignified
from ut'I"I Jn~ Hon. PreI. Judge, 88 SCRA 180)
1'1.' (RoyeCI

24. U.. of

car Undlf' LevY.

FactB:
Respondent judge U8~ ~ ~r !l'~t had been
upon on execution within hlBjurischcUon and BOldto
judgment creditor at aD auction sale, with the inlebt
acquire the car by offering, through his deputy clert
court., to purchaee it tiom the judgment creditor evea It
higher price.
The Supreme Court found respondent judge 8JId
deputy derk of court ,wlty ofmiaconduct. Ho~ever,~.
no eeriou pecuniary damage appears to have been
fered by the judcment creditor, who even withdrew .
complaint, the Court conaidered the penalty of cenallle
be adequate.
.

106

.ponding warrant of arrest. By rouon thereof, complainant med an administ.rative complaint againat respondent
which was endorsed by the executivo judge to the DePRrtment or Justice. The latter forwarded the complaint to the
Supreme Court, which haa admini8trative Buperviaion over
all courta and the power to discipline and dismiea judgcll
under the 1973 Con8titution. Referred for further investigation, the administrative complaint with its documentary
evidence was found to be amply substantiated.

Mateva. PfII. Judge, Etc., .t al., 90 SeRA 1

I :

snncs

The Supreme Court., finding respondent guilty as

charged, aggravated by the latter's 8ubmission of 8purious evidence. i.e., the alleged complaint and the purported
notes on preliminary examination to cover up his liability,
dismi88ed respondent from oiTlceand directed the endorsement of the original and amended complaint. to the NBI
to determine the genuinen ... of the signatunlll and to me
the proper criminal proceedings when warranted. Respondent di8mi88ed.
'

26.

Comproml.e After Mlaapproprlatlon.

SarmIento s. Cruz, 65 SeRA 289
Adm. Matter No. 306-MJ, July 25, 1975

25.

Use of Falsified Evidence.

Facta:

SerafIn va. Unclayag.17 SCRA 166

Adm. Matter No. 297-MJ, September 30, 1975
Fact.:
. Despite ~ fact that the criminal complaint foreatafa
agmnat complainant did not charge on ita face
crime
recited complainant's failure to pay;aimple
shoWed ;:: ~1,600.~ and the supporting 8tatemeDIa
PI 600
complamt was about a limple debt rI
".; d~:'
~y complainant which she failed Ie
durinc the preUP~1Ie to d? 10,. and that the notes takeD
no Yeltip of
-:xanunation showed that there WII
in Art. 315 or the ~
elements of estafa 81 provided I
admiUed the -crimina)
Pe~1 ~ode, respondent juqe 1
.
complolnt and i88ued the corre-

::J:1y

t',0wed

them:

Reepondentjudge waa charged with "Serious Profes8ional maJpractice, grave misconduct, abuse of functions
of his office, and "highly reprehensible fraud and deceit"
perpetrated upon complainant and her father.
'The investigatingjudge to whom the complainant was
referred found that respondent, taking advantage of the
confidence reposed in him by complainant and her family,
waa able to appropriate for hiB penonal ends the total
amount of P35,OOO.OO belonging to thom. A complaint for
estafa waa filed against respondent judge but. compromise was arrived at whereby he executed a real elltate
mortgage over a parcel of land belonging to him to secure
the payment of tite amount appropriated, including intere8t.

. ,'.

H!~r~l.l!t. i' ro~ f

, rflf~ilU_

"fulflll H~flli~Ji't Ie!

! fl!

iiiill~
JJtJJJ.I~ii

[illil!:i
!!
I
r"i,ll~
1 lu hi Hltl ~"
!

II' ". --

t~lirn!

1.t,.J'iIi

r.j(~;J~ii ~
IlIIJI...
1
!.f
J
Tll'r!..I,':_~__"

--------

,II
~JlI~h.f . ~I I l~~
(!! iltr~:
(.&Jill ~
if j
t
rI
loft
r t~~HL
rfL~r.HHI;4"~~nhr f~I I
~

l~rf~f.(
iI!.lfl
l g.!Llfa.:
r.4 "

ii' lIlia,

,'if

'f',.

r ~Il
J ~f J trft:! [5 m J II
f

e _.

;t

g.,:

Pi

-i ar-f ..
S I.

5S

==

I!! II

a.
;. g, f'
ca,sl

c.. ~

I!! ~'C

i" B ,Iii.
~ I.fijf

tJI
':r! f.r ,f I'~' 'il
"f f!f.f~1,tl ff~i'f
SL

I:

fZ

~!: ~

-.

"...

x.

.11

JlAlIEVJIdR

IN J.lGALAND.R1DICIAL_~C8

~:=

CASEs 1N.nJDICL\L

djsIDiJI. .. be did, th. compllirat;

deDiaI iD order to 01 arrett iDJte8d 01. mere

__'a

warraat .. proridecl lor in Section 9, ~

DurinI the investigation orthe

campl,ip,nt

j .

or

affidavit
deai8tanc:e
ded dro'
'
UpoD the iDqueItjudae reoommeu
ppmg oCthe
pWDt.
The SC heW that it will DOt outrigh~y ~
adminiltlatift complaint upon mere affidaVIt or d._ Ih-l
ilGll the builo(theevi~
p~nted
~d the ~
the ~ reIpOI'cIeot is adJninj8tratively liable. It ruled
the matter 0( dwIgiDg the designation or the app
crime iD aD information or complaint is vested in the
ecutiGD aad DOt iD the trial judge; that to allow the
CUIed to plead "Dot ,wItt' .fter an oral denial after
iDa o(the CllllllplaiDant'.motion to dismiaa and later . .
the order den,m, the motion in order to di.m_
II
did, the complaint II not within the proper boun~ of
Jaw; aDd reepaodentJudge dl.pl.yed .uspicloua DA~Ii.J:o..J
iD f'a.. oI'the 8CCUMd to make up tor his error in
a warrant 0( &mit qalnat the accused instead ot a milt
by Rulli, aJudiclal norm obvioa.I,
_the

DOtea

catecl.

__---.I

.-u-

aD

'II

which be bad to re)J OD because the cue is campti-

Supreme Court ruled that the two re&ICID8 iDterpoeed

do DOt coutitute a ftIjd def'eaM GIl

by reapoadent judp,
his part.

Reapoodent judp is reprimanded aDd MImoniahecl

that a repetition or the aame oft'eue abaD be dealt with
more eeverely.
31.

Anonymous Complaints IINIJ be Entert.II .....

from PubOe Records.

VertfIabIe

Foct.:
ReapondentJudge w .. dwpcI iD aD 8DCIIlymouI c0mplaint with haviOl concealed in his penooaI data Iheet a
criminal record for f'ruatrat.ecl homidcIe. Hie clef'eue is that
thia w .. due to overairht .. the crimiDal cue occurncl teD
years before he prepared the data aheet, which cue w ..
dlamiuecl without trial, and that be mentioned thia crimi
naI cue In the lnfonnaUon sheet IUbmiUed to the Com
miulon on Appolntmenl

=-::,l'IIaibed

Ru'in6:
Complaint dilmiued with admonition to reapondent
to be more carefUlln preperlnar hie MrYice and data record.
Amon, the pointl diKuled w.. the rule OD anonymoua
complaintl. The Court Aid that while .. a rule it cIoea DOt
act on anonymous complalntl, CUM are ucepteclln which
the charp could be rully borne by public recorda oI'lnclubA
tabl. intqrity, thus neeciin, no conoboration by eYide~
to be offored by complainant, wha.e idenUty and lnte(rity
could hardly be material where the matter involved is or
public Intore.t. (In re: Anonymous Complaint .. aiNlt Diatrict Jud"e of Southern l.o)'ta, 81 SCRA 483).

~pondeDt wu ftned month'. pay, with ..".

~anua, that .limilar ad or omlulon in the future wi
- deak with more IeYerely.

=__

30. Non-l'rMIcrIpaon 01---.

for DeIar In Dec.... -- ..... phJe Notea - No Excwe

::::UII,

mocs

Adm.

MltterNo. 1131, eft,

32.

Condonadon by Judge', WIfe of HuIbIInd', ConcubIMge

doe, not Preelude DI.ml .....

'fJf'I.:
Chllr"t.d with cURlullin"lIo, .... puncl.,'" municipal
Jucili dllllttttd Lhe clu.r.,. buL r.bMtcI d.,f.,n .. U..

 --ALAND JUDICIAL miles

110

IWl REVJEWIR IN......

CASES IN .JUDICIAL

condonation
uL

_..!r..

or the wuv,

and the desistance

I
till1e ba.. I
IIlorali
doe. t, i
not a deti!lot

Rw~

I.
I

0( COll1pl.,
""III-

cannoi be ajudge Md at the same

A pel'llOD
tI the moree ancll8D88 of
a miatreaI in ~~
of criminal HabUity
of the COIDIDUDl&y.

J)eIiataDc:e ia
preclude cliIcipUDary
~
iDveetlpte a judge for~
II ~ ~
IDI1
1conduct. (Leynea va. Vpl--

82 SCRA 326)

COIltinWIII, .....,

I
:

.......,. ,

"
33. Sertoua or 0rIvt Misconduct, DefIned.
FMt.:
Reapondent muDidpalJuclge .11 charged with 11'8Vt
mleconduct for a1lepd nonpayment of price of Burma
ncb. He.pondent'. defeD18 II that he had paid the debt
a bowD by complainant'.
receipt; he al80 aV8rred
that the matter did not Involve the di8charge of omcial
duti ..

Ruli,..:
Complaint dllmluecl. MlIc:onduc:t In omce la a milconduct .uch u aff'1da hiI performance orhla duti. u an
omc:er and not only wcb u affect. hla character II a pri.
ate IndlYldual. In auc:b CUM, It baa been laid that It II
neeeeury te .. ,.rate the character of the man trom the
c:haracteroltheollker, the mlll'Onduc:t. mW'ttaaance or mal
......ra wurantint removal mUll MV. dlren relation to
and be conneeted with the performance of omelal duU..
amounUnt .Ither te IlUlladmlDiItraUon or .lIItul, Inten.
tional DIlled and rallUN te dilc:M .... the dutl81 ot the
omc:e; a tra~
oIaome tltablillhed and d"ftnlte rull
or actJon. an unlawful behaviour or I"ON nlt,II,,,nc:e by
the public 1IfIk.r; the Judlrial ana w.... eomlpt or 11\111,1
....
l~te;lonllec:. VIolate the law or w.... In I*nl.tClnt
_~,:,a
w. .nown I',al rul .. , (AInMrO.a MIIIJI'O,
73 SCRA 101, dU .... DUIIl\llventur. VI &nttdlcto
SCllA
'II; In N: lloriUllno, 43 I'hU,llll).'
.'

~r.!'!

3s

34. R.apectful

Contempt.

mucs

111

Request for Judge to Inhibit Himself IInot

FM":
Counsel for the amaaed asked the Presiding Judp

to inhibit hllftlelf f'rom trying the crimina) acUoo bec:auae

the ac:c:ued ... a principal witneaa in a crimina) com.
plaint rued apinat the Presiding Judge. Counse) was cited
Md puniahed for direct contempt.. and IIt'ntencM to 10 daY'
impriaonmenL
H~ld:
The motion telnhlblt contailll no dl8reapectfu) lan,"age or phra .. contalnln, off'onllive pel'8Onolitiee agahllt
the re8pondent judp, What il8lated in the motion Itmply a motion for the judge te Inhibit hlmleM from further
tryIna the criminal c:uetI btJcaullO ho bollovod the judp
could no lonpr decldo the calle with Impartialit.y beeau
of a criminal complaint .,almlt the judge. (Delima "I,
Oallardo. 77 SCRA 286).
35. Proa.cutor who w.a .ppol~t.d DI~trlct Judg~_ m. "hnlot,
C
be ch.rg.d
'or actuation pro cutor
Executlv. DI.mIlHd Charge

w......

F~I.:
iWlpumlontjudJlCl. wh,ln he WItI .1 ill a pnllKlC\llur,Willi
ehar.,1Ci with mllK'Onduct fur the lumdlllll( of lho pn,lhnl
nary InvHtllIlIUon of a ehnll(tluf f",",neilUon 1III1Init a'm
pllllnanL "10 admlnlltratlve charp Willi rurommltlldud fu~
dllmlll8al by the Kemtillry or JUlltil" and lho I'n..ldunl 0
the l'hllll'I,I" ... latc'r dllenl_'
Ih" dlll'1lN, IIttli'nI he Will
n"Unlld or Ihl. pl'Ollllh."U,,1 action. I't'III"tn,II'nt Will apo
,I"loci Oilirid Ju.llIO. and Ihl! " .. I.lalll .'hl"r .tal" pn ...
:'utllr IlIdllflMlCi
Ihe (,11l1li to Ihe RUI''''''''' ('111111,

"uti",..
iIno I""IlI and ""dUll' 11Il.1.fltr tl", C.,urt to
'tilln IIlIlIllIlt thlt 1VII1"'IIII,,"1 JIIII".,"I.
'lilll'll,Ihllll')',' 11 I ftlvl"w th .. I,,,,,h,,,U,,1 11.'111111
RIII'I'IIIllIIC,,"rl I 11111 I 1111
M II I 'II 811;K 'ItA UI)
.'"III!rlllinll him, ((lul",,111 VI, ".'. I
litre

t"""

"

LlGALANDJUDICIAL
112

Ennes

BAR REVIEWER IN

v.

-llgence not Serious MI.e....~

Due to N
--'IQIIq"
38.
.udge's single aberration or COIllblia.:.. .
Respon~ent J parinI the certificate of service "'~,.
of ~
lD p~ect his s8Iarles, committed
due to ""
~nab)edhiml:'~ess or complete reliance on his elllpl 11ft
~gence:uce
of malice or bad faith, cannot be Clas~
10 the.
,
..I ct office.
~
as a senous JllJBWll"U ID

AbefIaIIonS

FadS:

The complainant, who ~ plaintiff i~ ~

Noa.382
aDd 383 for forcible entry 10 the MUDlclpal COUrt rt
Bautista,PangasiDan,chargedthe~unicipaIjudgetherea;
with falsely certifying (on two OCC8B!ons)tha~ all peUt-.
and motions which had .been submitted to him for deter.
mination in the aforesald cases had been determined br
him within ninety (90) days ~rom ~ date of their l'e8Jlef.
tive submission, thus enabling him to collect his salllly.
Matten allegedly not acted upon in the complaints CorfOl:
cible entry were petitions (or the issuance of writs of pre.
Iiminary injunction to enjoin the deCendants therein fl'Olll
Curther committing acts oC disposse88ion against the co..
plainanta, and a motion praying that during the pendency I
of the hearing thereof the crops harvested from the land
in question in Civil Case 382 he deposited with the nearest bonded warehouse and sold at the prevailing prim.
. ~e ~p~ndent alleged, in deCense, that he denied
the lDJunctlon 10 open court and that he deferred resolution on the motion with respect to the deposit of the hal'l
~Sted crops but that no written order had been issued by
m for the reason that his court W88 not yet a court rl
~:
~e ~:';;~
~rt Ilgreed with the Investigating I
court of record at ~mc!pal Court of Bautista was alralldya
erty deferred acti e time and that while respondent pl'OP' I
vested crops h on on ~ motion with respect to the bar- j
cePUficate
cominmlt~~a (alllChood in preparing thr ,
ce CIVilCase No. 382.
:
The Court held, how.
.'
ltatement Was a si I ever, thatamce the nfhrclllud rilllt
malice or bad faith ~ e aberration that wall not due 10
t to the respondent's negligence 111

ofse~

CASES IN JUDICiAl. ETIIICS

113

reliance
upo
.
. n h'18 employee, it may not be classified
senoua nusconduct.

81

Respondent municipal judge waa exonerated or the

c~arges.but admonished to act with due care in executing
his certificates of service. (Guevarra Vda. de Lapena VI.
CoUado, Adm. Matter No. 480-MJ, March 22, 1977).
37. Failure of a Judge to Inhibit Himself In a Case Involving
his Nephew VIolation of Judicial Ethics.

Facts:
A nephew of a City Judge was among thOle charged
for illegal gambling before his court. The case waa later
dismiued upon motion of the fiscal. When charged with
milfeasance by the bara"llay captain, the judge' I plea was
that nobody objected to his hearing the case; that he was
informed that the flseel would reinvestigate the case; that
if 888igned to another judge, it would take severa) montha
to dispose 0(; that the dismi8881 was DOtpremiaed on the
fact that one of the accused is his nephew.
Rulin,:
The failure of the judge to Inhibit himselfil a violation ofScc. 1, Rule 137 of the Rulca of Court which is intended to file tho cOurlll from any suspicion of bias and
prejudice. As the judge had been held liable administratively in two other previous caSCI, the Supreme Court imposed a fine equivalent to three montha salary. (Rivera VI.
City Judge of Gingoog City, Adm. Mattor No. 2003-CTJ,
Feb. 28, 1980).
38. Referral to Tenancy Determination to Secretary of Agrar.
Ian Reform I. not Profel.lonal

Incompetenc.

of the

Judge.

Facts:
Reflpondl'nt C.A.R. Judge was chllrgro with profelsionnl inromlK'tcncc or grave almllO Cor referring to tho
Sccretllry of Agrarian IttJlilfln the preliminllry dutcrmination of the nlaUulllihip botw('('n pillinliff Bongco and do-

LJOAI-ANO JUDICIAL
BAR JIE\'ISfI1iR Jlf,
114

,,'

ETHICS
,
CASlSIN JUDIcw.

IIlplainSDt Bongco aYerrect

~
Crus-Co ool1 when the landcnrner ~
f'tt~
~
be ~..,hen the case is filed b,GJ.t
.. (4,
1,dion, ..... , lifted the iJUUDCtiori be ' lilt
==JudatSerS~beD DAR. ~rtified that~
:.d

'., .,al'-

w"

the

...

aot ~ .: GDthecourt,
.. areaot~.
" " '

'.

IlMtUtl=
.'
.. the....nedjudidalactado
CbIrJII~
iJItPired by an lntentioD to ~
appear to be corf'IlI&,~t
c!iJrepJ'd of .ell-bo.rl.
. : the law.ordoal In Ser'lpio,Adm. Mat1MNo.lSOU-,-;
_I ruJee. (BozIa'CO'"
-.~ ~
, a- 28 UI80)',
' "
. . ' .
I
Feb.,
,
,
. . ,.'
" ' Ad Agalnlt the Provincial Board may IICII
39., :""',::.
DIreCt Contempt of.the pourt o! First ...

, fl. stance.

.'

FacD:

..,'

.f

'act.:
ReepondentJudp

.
.1

lea.

AdmiDlItratlve c:barp di."d lid. (Lim ft. SaIvacIor,

28, 1977).

Adm. Matter No. 1426-CFI. FebnwJ

'

Tbe abll"ariou act fIGalang haVing been ~

mit~ before the Provioc:iaI Board, and beYODdthe per-

oltheJudp, the act ia only indirect contempt. Tbt I

reaponclent~ bad Ihown weleuneu, and lack rIcif. ;
ception

01Juatice-

planation, borDe out by the recordI 01the cue, clieeloled

that In view of the ablenee ollD1 oppoeitor, an a parW
preMDtaUoD of evidence actually took place and ... completecl berore the derk of court who waa CIOIIUDiIaioneclto
receive the ume and that after rec:eptloo and .. aeaa.eDt
thereof', be promulgated the queationecl dec:iaioD and
clerecl the luuance oIa decree.
.The IICtincJucUcial ccmaultant, in'VOlring the ruliDg in
Pawald ft. Malik, Adm. Matter No. 6-MJ, November 28,
1976, to the eO'ec:t that itevidence ia lacki", to .w.taDtiate the complaint, a .... pondent JudIe caDDOt be belcI Iiable, ,.............ded the diallllau' 01the cbarJa
The Supre.e Court qreed with th. coDduaioD
necbecl and fouDd the .... poaclent judp to ha.. actecl ill
eampl' ...... with the procedure .. forth bJ law and in ..
eordance with the biIb ItaDdanl cIem ...w bJ judicial etb-

impriloDmeDt by mpoodeDtjudge. Having been detaiDeI,

be fUed Motioa .. ReamaideratioD and for J)I'OVisioaII
releue UDder boDd. but tbiI " .. denied by I"e8JIOIIIIa&
Judp. GaluI dwpd the judie for poa igDorante tI
.the law, UDwarnDted deteDtioD and violation of.his a.
atitutional ricbta.
'.

wu dwpd with cleIihente ....

ror renderiqa deciIioD In an appUc:atIoD for npatratlOD or Iud without any beaJiDI. Ilia ex-

CII'I't.p

Becaueehe ref'ueeci'to'8U~be to an oath before.

' ProviDdll8clird. be bid DOt received the charges 8piJIIt
': hi DaDieI CaJaDci Was charged with contempt beeore lilt
I ~AO
eFt. He ... declared in direct contempt oflilt
ProviDciaI Board ill IeIIioD, and eentenced to ten (10) da,t

IWUt,:

HeIrIng Justified In the Absence of Oppodor.

omce -

.'

III

Miaconcluct In
'Ib juatity a cbarp 01aai8coDcluct, it II requirecl that there be a ahowiDIola ~
... 01101M IItabliahed and cleftDite rule ollldioa, mon
puticuIufJ, UDlawfW behaviour or ............
bJthe
public omc.r. (BueDlYentura ft. Benedicto. Adm. Cue
No. 137oJ, March 27, 1971. Tbia cIoctriae ... beck to In
n: HorriIltDo, 43 PhU. 212 (1922) per MIcol .I.).

crus IpouIII.imd that the,~DAR. ~

......()UII

Ex.p ...

maca

~m.peremptori)yeentencingcomp]mnantto"
~) cia,. lDlPNODment without hearing and due process.
nally 0( ODe month 11111')' fine is imposed. (Calangi ft, ,
Men AbacI, Adm. Matter No.699-CFI, Feb. 28, 1980).
:

I
I

4'.

Error of Judgment not en U....

Decilion.

All AdmiDlItratlve cue &led apinat a citJ JudIe 00

pound of haviDI knowiqly rendered an wUu.t cIeciIion,
biaa and iporanc:e of the law wiD be eliani lid where it
appean that "hat " ... lnvolved w.. men an error ofJudcIDtDt than a cue of actual partiality or deliberate malice.

f;

!trn!f!tt n!~tiilinJiJ!t! r 'itlli' II

!fHHH! nr~lhJu, "l!!~!! it!;!!

I~nfiii1.lrthi-,.9 ~ fiioll
!II.IP fEr j If ll~ff!ilrftl! ffll!..
iHrisi.H fiJS' f JI~ff!t~; ,1'f;8"
~tlJ.f~1 J~i Itt1 1; I ',,51:10
!JI:JI:
"eJ"

i!!i~

--

. ~

f1-liff.Jil~l~

=-~

it

illS'

I tllli!
!
,"5 &-t'!
E

li;.~~ h ~-?:il.

....
n :hh~i:~
r it~~n~

J ~
Q

Jlj
,[ f

tilltlr
I
~ S' 1.8
~H"

if

1,1 t~hl I ,.;

'1n nu i"': i

~ liii't J ~I~i
I~lfi , I
~.... -~J i!!i~l
f ~Uj~rl:ti f
;;rl(fliJtif! tltl!~ ~II
l
ilt
~
t1'r,.ll'I1~
if!"
,
S'11~ ~:;

"'..1Wi
I.'m '''PPI'It i&.CunaUtuU,,,, and "boy the lawa .. ""U
w .....l ..... oIth...ub' mnaUtutC'd aut~lIiu.. thc-rttift;I
"ill do ""

r.~,

not """-'nt

to th .. d"h\ll 0( any in court; I

pronWlteor I\UI .ny plUMI .....
Ott \lnla~
lUit. not live aid nllr t"CINl'nt to the .. me; I
_ill .. .., DO Il\IU\ b mocwy or _Iw, and ",ill ~urt myM'lf
... 'aW)W' IIft'Orcl,,,, to th. bMt or In)' knowlt'dale and dillCf'eo
tk'" with all aood ftdc.lity at """ to tM CClUN .. to my clit'n&8;
.nd Iimpo. upan In)'1IoU'thla voluntAry ""I,,"lion without any
ft\CInta'I'CW'I'V.u. or purpoeo of t'VaIlion, So lkolp mo God.

_m "',. .'nu",b or .UU",b'

fa'.

01"'"

SEC. " R_"'ui,."",nla ~ appli('(ln,. (rum

jllrUdicfiou. - Applican&. 1If adn" .. lon who. btoilll "'Iipino ciUreM,

.... enl'OlIt'Cl .uOftk'Yll in aood anding in the Suprenw Court

lJnitt'Cl Stalel or inany cireuit CClurtof appea .. or dilltrid
CClurtth(lrein. or inthe hitheat court of any Stale! or Thrritory of
the Unitt'Cl St.toe, .nd who can ahow by Mlillfactol')' C\'rt.iO""ttll that thoy have pradiCtlClat ltoa.t five )'\'ara in any of Mid
CClurU, that .uch practicoelk>pn tMoforeJuly 4. 1946. and that
thtty ha,.. MYel' hM\ .Ullpended or di.bamod. may. in the d.
croUon or the Court. be admitted witKout, examination.
.. .

O(W

SEC. 6. Atidiliortol PYqui",nw,,', (or oIMr oppli4:anta. All.pplican&. for adm_ion other than thoee referred to in the
two predin, MCtiont Ihall. before being admitted to the es.minatioD, .. tlafactori1y Mow that they have regularly studit'd
law for four ye..... aDd ~fully
complet.ecl all pre8Cribed
eounlN, in law IChool or university. officially approved and
ftC'CIIIliaecl by the Secretary or Education. The atr~vit o_f the
candidate. accompanied by cert.ificalt' from tht' Uruverslty or
tchoo1 01 law. Ihall be filecl u evidem.'e of such facta, and fur&her e'ridence IIl&1 be required by the C'OUl't.

.... _....ac.
aAi

No applicant Ihall be admitted to the bar uaminaUoDa

anlea he hal .. tlafadori1y completed the followinc courses in
a law IChooI or uniYeraity duJ, recognized by the pvernmen~
dvU law. eommerdal law. remedial law. criminal law, pub.hc
and private international law. political .'aw. labor and ~
'.... I.Uon, medical juritprudence. \Dation and legal ethics.
'UI .....

...,

to. ._ ... ,...,

II.

SEC. 8. ""'UfII. - No applicant for admisaion to ~ bar

examination Ihall be admitted unle .. he pmen&. a certificate
that he hal eatlafied the Secretary of Education that, before he

..

III

--------------------------------_.,
IJlGALAND JUDICIAL mila.
BAIlRVIP'ER I"

120

bad pureued and aatiafactorily,

began the ,tudy o(law, he d recognized university or coUea.,

pleted In an au~~:,
tD the completion of a four.yet,
requiring (or adJDilliOft ; ot atudy p..-ribed thereiJl Cor.
hiIh acbooI courae~ the cou acieDCII with any 0( the fol~

beebelor',

deer!' ID -::

=';iah,~

ot coacentratiuft: political acienct,

hiatoI1 and econom~

/i'" proof 0( quali/icoIIDM. - All appli.

SEC. 7. 711M for/i
th the clerk of the Supre

ae:

eauta (or ad~ion

~!!!ebyWl aection 2 of thia rule at
Court the evidence reqwn:v
otth
. ':_-It
fifteen (15) claysbefore the beginning . e elWlUna.......
lICIt
mbraced thin aection!l 3 aocl 4 of thlt rule, they ahaU ....
~ within-:... tame period the amcla~t. and ~rtifieate -.
quired by aediaD 5. aocl if embraced Wlthin ~
3 aDd 4
they abaII eshibit a IiceDIe eYideuciDl the f'ac:t or their admis.
1i0D to pradice, aatilfactory evideace that the same bas DDt
been revoked, and certificates as to their professional stancliuc.
Applicants sball alto file at the same time their own affiuvita
.. to their .. resideaee, aud citizenship.

or

SEC. 8. NotiDto( applitaJioM. - Notice applications far

Mmieejon abaII be plNi ....... by the clerk of the Supreme Court
iD aewspapen publiIbed ill FilipiDo, Encliah and Spanish, far
at least leD (10) clays before the begioniDc 01the euminatioG.
SEC. 9. EmmilllWHa; ",bj,.. - Applieanta. DOt othftwile provided
iD IIdiona 3 and 4
thie rule, shall be

ror

or

iD the rollowinc lubjeda: Civil Law;

Labor and Social LtciaIatioa; Mereaalile Law; Criminal Law;
Political La. (ConatitutioDal La.. Public Corporationa, and
Public 0fIicen); IDlenlltionaJ La. tPrivate and Public); 'J'ua.
~
Remedial La. (~Yil Praredure, Criminal Proctodure. aM
Evidence); WpI Ethics aDd Practical Exl'm.e. (in P1eadinc
IUbjeded

10 eumiDatiolla

andCon~).

SEC.
10. Ba'aamino/lUll
. .

L
,,,~

q"-I;n._
G--~
-. -'"' Gmcu'r rs ._--~

III wrV",.. - n"'_

~
the eaaminalion ahall not brilC
P:"pl'n. boob or DNa IDlo the halDinatioca ruoma The quHtioM aha)) be the ..... for all fUm'

__ , .
Encliah or Spani,h. IhaD
~_Inf" and a topy tht-,"", ~
...
aha)) anawer the
~ ~
to tarh amillftl. Eullllanyone.
4i'M'ItioaI Pf'hoftally without hl'lp ,,_

I
I

1l1L&'tl"I3I-B,IUIJP.8

OF COURT

121

Upon verified application made by an examinee mtift,

ahat. hie penmanahip ie eo poor ahat It will be difl'"lCUlt.
to read
hie answer. without much lou or time, the Supreme Court may
aUowauc:h examinee to UIe a typewri~r iD anawering the qu ...
tiona. Only DOiae ... typewriteR ahaIl be allowed to be UIeCL
The committee or bar examineR ahaIl take auch preeau
tiona .. are neceuary to prevent the aub8titutlon or papeR or
commiaaion or other frauda. Examin ... hall not place ahelr
names OD the euminatioD papen. No oral examination ahall
be

liven.

SEC. 11. Annual emminGliola. - Examinations (or ad

miaIion to the bar or the PhilippiDes Ihall take place anouaDy
iD the City of ManilL They abaII be held iD (our daya to be
designated by the thairman oCthe committee on bar examinen. The subjects ahaD be distributed .. (oUo.. : First day.
Political and International Law (morning) and Labor and Bocial Legislation (aftemoon); Second day: Civil Law (morning)
and Tuation (afternoon); Third day. Mercantile Law (moming) and Criminal La. (aftemooo); Fourth day: Remedial Law
(momiDg)

and Legal Ethics and Practical Exerc:iaes (aftemoon).

SEC. 12. Comm;lt 0(emmirwrs. - ExamiDatioDS ahaD

be conductecl by a committee oCbar examineR to be appointed
by the Supreme Court. Thia committee ahaD be compoaed or a
Justice or the Supreme Court. who ahall act .. chairman, and
who ahall be detignaled by the court 10 .. ne ror one year. and
eicht membeR 01 the bar
the Philippinee, who ahall hold
offICe (or a period 01one ynr. Tbl' namee 01the membeR ofthia
committee shall be publiMl'd in l'aeh volume 01 the official

or

I'l'ports.

SEC. 13. DiM'ipliltory mf06".,..... - No tandidate ,hall .

l'ndeavor to InnuoR' any ml'nlber or the ('OmmittM, and dur1111examination the tandid" .... ahull not. communitate with
l'aeh other nor .hall tht'y gi\"e or ~iYe 8n)' lUIlIi.tance. The
candidate _'ho violat"" this pro\-iaion, or an)' otht'r provision of
thie rult' IIMII bto bamocl from the esamination, and the .. me
10 count .... a f"ilure Ag"inst him, and fUrthl'r dill("iplinary aclion. indudin,t pt'!"1"'""nt diI"lWlbfit'8tWn. may ._, taken in the
dillt'n'tion ohhe l'\,un.

IWLBS 1......

11ULESOF COURT

III

roll. - Tbederk ofthe Supreme Court

SEC.19.~

aball keep a roD of aU attome,s Umitt.ecl to practice. which

aball be aiped ." the penoa Umitt.ecl wbeD be recti....

roll
bia

certific:ate.

SEC. 20. Dutia of~.

- It

ia the duty of aD aU.

ner.
(&)

'Ib maiDtaiD

allttiance to the

Republic 01the Pbili~

pm. aDd to auppon the CoaatitutioD aDd .,

the laws of &be

Philippi--.
(I)
'Ib obeea .e aDd maiDtaiD the ~pect due to the courta
of justice aDd judicia) olftcen;

(c) 'Ib 1'1"" or maiDtaiD euch actiou or prcIceedinp

oDI)' .. appeu to him to be jut. aDd euch eWe_ oDI)' .. be
w...... to tw.e.tJ, .. table UDder the law:

be

(cl)

'Ib emploJ.
... the ~

ofmaiDtaininc the ca...

coa.6decI to him.1UCb __
oaI.J .. are CIDD.i"'Dt with truth
aDd baDor. aDd .........
to mi.'.1Id the judp or ~ juci;cia'
olIicw ."

aD ~

..

fa1ee etatelMGt 01r.ct or law:

(e) 1b..mw. iD.....

the ClDDtIdeNe. aDd at ....,.
peril to hi'wI( to PI' III"' the ....... 01 hie ctieat. aDd to
~
DO COIDpIDI&tioD ia ClDDDIC1iaIl with... ctieD&..
excep& froID him or withhie
aDd approYaI;

bow..,.

(0
YUC'e'"

"''';0_

...-wty ....

1b.... itro. aD elIicIU ...

to ...
r.ct,...,; IIticiaI to &be ..... or "*PUg", ofa JIIU'Y.

~~~~tbe~~tbeca~with~
.... charpct
etcher
NT
IDCt at .....
COIlWlIoaallft ~ .. ecQoa pnc....ti
~
~ .....
~
tro. ~CGmIf& ..a...
......
(&)

N\l& lilt .........

(\) ~
~"c.-~tbe
(\) Ia.. _ .._ ~a

~ _it'lnu.. ,.......l ..
ll".IIII,r ... It;.
all aur

,.,....n.."cn.....,
.. ,.,.....
pr_" .....,
It..
~"""'tMc_,... ...."be~'"~".

.. ...,raWta
~~
the cWh fill .. 1It'NI
~

......
~ ......... tl ....

..
.

1ULls1 .......

. O(GIItJ'M1IiD GppJ1! - An a~
SEC.21.~
aut)loriJed to represent any callie .
preIUII*I to be .. oper wriUeD power oIaUorney ia
.
whida be."....~,.
ill court (or biI client, but the
to .utboria him to'rr:- tI either party and on re
.
iDe Judie
require aDl .tto""" -110
the riPt to appell' iD cae to produce or pro",
.uthority UDder wbich be appeara. and to diacloee, Yih~
pertiDeDt to .,., ....
the ..... (J/ the per80Il Yiho elhlllo,.j
him, and IDI1 thereupoD ma;b ~ order u Ju.tice 11qu'
AD .UorDeJ wilftaU1 appeanDIlD court (or a peraon Yii
(J/the court, may be p.......
(or CODtempt II ID ofticer tIthe court who hu miabehtved
Ida oftlciaJ trazauctioaI.
SEC. 22. ~
.. "".,.
ill Ioar COIU'I pralUlttd
","_111 c&1Il Oft apptGl. - M attomey who .ppeara ck ~
ill cue .....
Iowtr eoart IhaD be preeumed to coP'"-t
npr.IDti", hiI ctieat ........
unJea. he m (orma.! peti..
IiOD withdrawiDI hilappearance in the .ppell.te court.

.....
::::::a =:.:-

,.,

,.

'

beiac.......,.... ....... bJ""

SEC. IS. AMlIttriy of tJI/ItInWp liD bind elkll". _ Au.

ha... uthoritJ to bind &heir dieD" ill .ny cue by .,.
qreemeJlt in reIatioD thereto made in writinl nd in lakbl
appeal and in aD mau.en tIordinary Judicial procedun. a.&
the, caD" without IpeciaJ .uthority. compromi .. their .. :
eDt'. litipu., Neli .. 8Il1&hiDI ill dUc:harp o( diellt~
cIalaa but the ftaD 'aNIUII& in cub.
..,.

SEC. 24. ~
of tIllllrMyt; tJ6"fWlMllt _10 fffl.
.tt.orDeJ ahaU be IDtitJed to have and recover from
~t DO
&baa a ,uaD.bIe CIOIIlpeuation (or hie .. me.,
WIth
to the Importanee 01 the aubject matter c( lilt'
~trcweny. the eatent tithe IInic:ea rendered. and &.he prof'..
~
"neli.. ttl the eUGmeJt No court IhaU be bo ad by IJIt
opiDioD oIau.orae,. II apert wftne.ee
u
penutioD but IIIa7 cIiIreprd
.. to the proper ..
c1uaioD .; ita OWD ... aC Iueh te.tilDOny .nd bue itl_
ror ",view ahaU control ".... bowleclp. A written contrld
found by the court to be
to be paid therefor un'..............,.bl. or unreuonabl..
,

lilt'

-: AD

:-lIDOUnt

8EC.2S.U~~J

When an attorney

uni.......
-V-I

fund.; COIIumpl."
retaina IIIhia handa money of hi
..,~,

I.
f

..

client after It baa beea detn.Dded, be ma, be paniIhed for

contempt .. an ofI"acer 01the Court who .... 1DiIheha ... ill Ida
official tranuct.Iona; but proeeedlnp under uu. I8Ction IhaD
not be a bar to criminal PI'OI8eUtioa.
SEC. 26.~o(~.
- Aa.UomeJmayml
....
any time from an, action or IpeciaJ proceecIu.,. by the wriUea
conaent 0( hJa dieDt &Jed ill cowt. He IIUIJ ... retlN d .,.,
time from an .u. or IpedaJ proceecIJ..,. without the CIIIIII8ft&
of hie client, .hOUJd the court, OD noUcI to the client and .ttorDey. and on hearilll. determine that be OUiht to be allowed to
retire. In cue oIlUbIUtuUOD, the ...... 01the 8UGmeJ newly
employed MaD be enlerecl OD the cIacbt 01the eow1 ill place 01
the former one nd wriUen DOUce oCtha chanp IhaD be ......
to the advene put,.
A dient may at 8IIJ tima cli8m_ hJa aUGrIMJ aua.u.
lute another In hill pllCl. but lithe ClClDtnct bet ..... c11ent_
hat been reduced to writinc and the dlwm'-.I 01the
attorney w.. without juItiIlabIe ca ..... he ahaJJ be _ti&led to
recover from tba dieDt the run ClOIIIpenaation ItipuJatecila the
contrac&. Howewer. the aUcInIeJ ma,. In the d~
01 ....
court, Intervene in the cue to proIed h. ri...... , .....
,.,.
ment of hla compenution the att.orney ahall have a lIeD upoD
all JudpMInti f. the pIIyment ttllDOIIeJ. and aecuUona IMued
In punuanca ttllUCh JudIment. renclend ill ....cue wherein
hi... rvIc:ea had beeD retaiDecI by the d1enL

.ttorn.,.

SEC. 27.DU6anrwrtl ....,.,..,.of~

byBupmrw
Court;"",ntJ. ~
- AJDeID_oCthe bar may be diabernd
or auapondod from hill ofIlce.. aUomey by tha Supreme Court
for any deceit, malpnd.ice other .,.,.. mlaconduc:t Ia auch
omce. trOMIylmmoraJ conduct, by ...... oIbia CODYIctIoa 01
crime Involvi"l moral turpitude. or for an, violation 01 the
oath which he Ie required 10tab Won adml'" to practice,
or for. wilful diaobedience ttlanylawf'ul order ttla au,.nor CIIUI1,
or for corruptly or willfullyappearinc II an aU0me7 ,.. a put,
to cue without authority eo 10do. The prac:Uce 0( eolidUnc
CUCIIat law f. the purpaI8 ttl pia. either peraoaaIIy. throuP
paid apntl or broken, conatitu" malpractice.

1lUU8l1r00UJrr

SEC. 28. SIU,w"'" of oItonwy by 1M Cotut of /tppIU.

eo"rt of Firll 11Uttut. - The Court 01Appeala ... a Court 0(

RVLES ........

IULBS orOOUllT

127

other thaD capital oft'eaaes;(4) PM huaclrecl paoe (PSOO)ba

capital oft'-.
ill COfUf 0( ptnOM 0IIIIa0riMJ to

SEC. 33. ~

for GownuJwnt. -

ofticial

Gp-

to

pereoa appointed
01' desipated
la accordance with law to appear Cor the Gcmmmeat 01 the PbilippiDee IhaU ha .. all the richte 01 a duly
authori&ed IDIIDber 01 the ber to appear III aD1 cue ADwhich
Mid pverDJDeDt hal an lateral direct or indiNct.

SEC. 34. By rMom litWatiM CONludl. - In the court or

a juatice 01 the .,... a paI1.J IDa1 conduct hIa litiptioD in

pIT

,~
,

..

Arq

01' other

penon. with the aid or an .,.Dt 01' friend appointed by him Cor
that purpoee,OI' with the aid 01 an altome1. Ia an, other couri,
a par&J may conduct hia IitiptioD penonaJly 01' by aid of an
a&tomey, and hia appe&rallCe muat be either pel'lOnaJ or by a
duly authorized
SEC. 36.

member 01the ber.

CArla;,. ",~

not to prtIda.

No judp

or

other omcial 01' employee 01 the auperior courta or or the omce

01 the Solicitor General, IhaU .......
ADprivate pnctjce .. a
member of the ber or live pror.. loaaI advice to elieDte.
"

SEC. 31. ~

Experienced and impartial

Court to appear .. amici curiae
to help in the diapoeitioD orluu.aubmlUeci
to IL
euriM. -

attomeya may be inYited by the

SEC. 31. ~
&ru. - AD aUorDey ahaIl have a lieD
upoa the CuDd.I, documente and papen ofhia c:lieDt which have
lawfUlly come bato hlI poIl.lloD and may ntain the aame
until hIa lawf'ul ..... and dilbunemeDte have been paid, and
may apply auch ftmda to the .. tW8dioD thereol H. ahalI ...
have a lieD to the .. me estent upon all judllJUtllte Cor the
paymeat 01 moae)', and eucutioDa iIeued la punuance or aucb
judpaeDta, which he haa -=ured in a litiptioD 01 Ilia clieDt.
from and after the time when he ahalI have caUHd a statement
01 hiI claim 0I1UCh lieD to be _tend upon the recorda or the
court reDderiDc IUChjud"...."t. or iuuInI aucb eucutioD, and
Ihall have caUled written notice thereof to be delivered to ru.
dieDt and to the advene party; and he ahaIl have the lam.
richt and power ewer lUCIa judpaeDti and eucutiona .. Ilia
clieDt would have to enforce Ilia lieD and MCUn the payment
hiI jOlt C.. and cli.IbunemeDta.

0(

IN I.IIIA I'
1111

AI'" JIIIlIC !IAI,I!:"'IIIl:1t

IIA" HI(Vll\W""
flul'

J.AWwfV1)E

I.

IS8A'

'NT I'MCTleR nUl.!

',' n. {II' ,Iulknl pnmlu,ft.

premo Cuurt on 1141OWQ

oath 0( anult.." II, '. PIIAj,,,, III' up'm the
11,4",
undly. dlu.rty, and
1M flIm"',,mt .... 11.. INt dlao
by amdavita I( an
I
YII.. llII:ta "''fllpJ"illlsd of, lNI"",n,.ct
the (acta Ow;"ln .~~ crrlll)l\lI haVill, pur*",.' Juw,wkdp of
o( .uch documenta I a.ad .haJJ be ""cumpaliJlod W)th (t,p.'"

",:1'

- ~

81~CTION I, Cunei' ~IIY eonlplo~d hi. 3rd Y(lar o( ~

IItudtlnt who hll' JlUtetlrbed I.w curriculum and I. enr(ll~ Ilia
rtllrulur Cour-yMr pf'88Cr. cllnleallegBI oducBUon progrillb \
a rtltognlzeci law IIChoo' rt. 1II0Y appear without eo", ...
provrd by the Supreme ~or
admlniBtraUve caso hefll!:"
Uon In any civil,
or omcer, to represent Indigont'llt
trial court, tribunal,
I Unic oCtho law school.
~
ente accepted by tho lega e
_ The appearance or the law Itud_.
SEC.2.Ap~~
all be under the dircc:t. IUPC--~
authorized by thiS rule, shc th Integrated Bar or the ~h~~
and control oC a member 0
e
d
lli~
.
d I
redted by the law school. Any an all pJeadino.
u:emoranda or other pape~ to be filed,
ligned by the aupervtaing aUomey for and In behalf of the
clinic.

U may .ublltQliata

cri::~

:::.:.~~:r
..

0'

:~~~C:::~~.the

complaint '- not meriwrilllll.

SEC. 3. Priuikged communications. - The Rule. sat..

guarding privileged communicatio~ ~tween attorney and cJi.
ent ahall apply to similar commumcatio~ ~ade to or I'eeeiYed
by the law student, acting for the legal elinte,

DISBARMENT OR SUSPENSION
OF ATTORNEYS
SECTION 1. Motio" or complaint. - Proceedings for the
removal or suspenaion of attorneys may be taken by the SuAdopted!Tom 8() Reaolution dated December 18 1986
Supereeded by Rule 139-8.
'

m~!...c~i~rvlty
ordia",u,IO/. -

.am.

lee.!

Rule 139*

Hid (acta.

lithe ttlmpl"inl .Jlpt' ....

n., a copy thereof .hall be IIIIrved U,.'" &Nt ,..
spondent. requJrinl him to 8n.Wer the
withi" ..,,, (IO}
~~. from it~L~ate of lervice. I( the complaint doe. nllt m e rit
__ Ion.
w .. anewer Ibow. to the uti.faction
0( the Su.
CD

"'lIIit

SEC. 4. Standard. of conduct and ,upervision. - The law

student shall comply with the standards of professional _
duct governing members of the Bar. Failure of an attorney te
provide adequate .upervision of student practice may be
ground for disciplinary action. (Circular No. 19, dated Dece.
ber 19, 1986.)

""11',,'.""

'

the _me

.
8E~. 3. Inue.tillatw" by SulicihJr GrfU!ruI. _ Upon the
UlllUoa railled by the complaint and answer, or upun (.ilure 0(
the I'Hpondent to anewer, the tue .ball be referred Lo the
SoliciLor General for inv08tigation to determine it there i um.
eient ground ~ proceed with the proeecution of the retlpondpnt.
In the Inveatlgation conducted by the Soliciwr General, the
respondent ahaIJ be given ruD opportunity Lodef end hi~l(
Lo
produce witneuea in hia own behalr, and to be heard by hinu:e.lf
and ~unael. However. it upon re8llOnabie notice. the re.pond.
ent falls to appear, the investigation shall proceed ex part.
SEC. 4. Report oflM Solicitor Ge1U!ral. - Based upon the
evidence adduced at the bearin" ir the SoliciLor General finct.
DO .umeient ground to proceed &gainat the respondent, ht- shaJl
.ubmit a report to the Supreme Court containing hill findings 0(
fact and concluaion. whereupon the responden' shall be exonerated unless the court orden diJTerently.
SEC. 5. Complaint 0{ tM Solicitor Ge1U!ra/. AMU'l'r of re,poruknt. - If the Solicitor General finds sumcient ground Lo
proceed against the respondent, he aholl file the corresponding
complaint, accompanied with all the evidence introduced in his
investigation. with the Supreme Court, and the respondent
.ball be aerved by the clerk orthe Supreme Court with a ropy of
the complaint with direction to anawer the IBme within liftt't'ft
(15) daya.
SEC. 6. Euidf.'nctproduC'td before Solicitor Cri'nerol al'lIil
obit'. - The evidence produced before the SoJidLor General in

i'lJ.,all

'11'1

I'li!(rr{~f!.",

f~[le'fr-

.-~10hfUt, ~ oldi~i:ll!~I!~[!nft
I!lli[~
.
,..I

I
f"i
''''[lrati I!I'~'at;'~
I([..~
1\-i'll\' i.
l

Ei'1!S'

Ir

f ~IIf 5}1' [

I ~f' f ~ ."

11-1

. f. ~

IiI

I I'

1= ~ ~.

-!

I.

CP

'Z

i:o i.

..~i a ~

It rt"
uift"(l~
IJf~o
h
;ll Jtf 11 fl1l1n I
i I ~ i~Ii
.-1 ;.
il iltl:~h &:ifu' 1:!!:o'l/fJ!Jil :J,111
f

I. f "

It

01

iii:

fj:'

It!!'

';sll: Us IE I!~
{HE i~
i}!~iliii

o~

Ii

J Jrl~if~, '-Iff .. ! ,
..: [~in !-I !lJ.!Ilin hH!i! ~ E
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5-

.
lao

J,IOALAND J\JDIClAL ETU,ca

BAlIUMIWIR 1M

IULalll'I"B,

be contldrocl by the Supreme Court .

hlllnVMtiaJalioft ma1
Irtho roapondon~had an oP~
.
\he flnaldodllon oItht ::1"'. If In tho roepondont.. ~
nlly to ~
and CI'O'I 10 intention of 1ntroduclnc
'
no ItatomeDt.II"-' II.haJI be _down for hearin,. uPGII
~ I
Uonal evidence. the CII8 ..- the expiration of t.he time to ;:'
flllna 01 auda
or u.......
... :

the court ahaU be mado public .. in other ~

tbecoun.

INTEGRATED BAR or 11IB PlIIUPPJNE8

(Bftectlv.

atatemenL II
10 biI deelre to Int.rodu~ addiu..-.
evidl"ftCe. the cue Ihall be nremcl to a COmml1l810nor
I
the dilmltloD 01 the court. IDI)' be the clerk of t.he Su~
Court. aJudae oIftnL iDILaDCt. or an aLtomoy-at.-law tor in_
tilaUon, report. ancIl'ICOIDmendaUon. The Solicitor GeneraJ" ,
hll rep ....... tatiyt _nap.,.... bofore the commluioner to dUeL the proeecuUoo. Tbe ,..pondonL .hall be given run OPJlClfo
tunlLy to defend himeelf, to produce additional evidence inbiI
own bohalt, and to be heard by himlelf and counsel. However, r
upon reuonable noUce the ",pondenL falls to appoar, the Ja. I
veaUptiOD ehall proceecI_ parlf. The rules or evidence ehIIJ '
be applicable to proceedinp olthil naLure.
~

"bo,.

I
I

Man,... '_

SEC. 8. &porl of eonurtiaiDMr and

'UJIGI I
receipt 01 &he nporL 01the OOIIUDiIeioner. copies or which IhII '
be f'umished &he Solidtor General and the respondent, the c..
ahaJl be .. dowD for beariJIt before the court rollowing wha
the cue IhaD be CIIDIicIered IUbmittecl to the court 01 it. fiDal

the Supreme Court.

SEC. I. Purpoea. - The fUndamental purJIOIM ot the

In
tecl Bar thall be to elevata the ItaJulard. 01 the JepI
prot on. impl'OVl the admlniltratlon or Juatlce, and enable
the Bar to dllcharp ita public ,..ponalbllity more effectively.
SEC. 8.,10111, - The Phlllpplnea. hereby divided into
Dine Reclona 01the IntelTat.ed Bar. to wit:

Nonhern LuzoD, COnalltilil or the provlncel or Abra,

BenIUlt. Capya, Uupo. IIocoe Norte, IIocoe Sur.
lu"'1a. KalinpApayao, Le Union. Mountain Pnmnc:e, Nueva
Vbcaya, and Quirino,
(b) Central Luzon, CODIiatinc oItbe proriDceI O(Bataan.
(a)

Ba~

Bulacan. Nueva Ecija, Pamplnp.

f,amhe""

(c)
I

......--.baed.
8baJl:C'

10. ~
- ~
priyata and 1D!Ift6cleDtiaI, acept

PaDp"inan, TarIac, and

Greater Manila, CODaiatilil olthe City o(ManiIa, and

QuaooCity,
(d) Southern LUIOD, coneiatinl 0( the proviaea or
Bataapa. CaYi .... LquDa. MariDcluque, Oed_tal Mindoro.
Oriental Mindoro, QuaoD. and Rizal;

Bicolandia. coneiatinl or the provinces 0( Albay,

Norte, CamarinelSur. CataDcluaaea. Mubat.e. and

(.)
~
SoIeopa;
(I)

Cebu,

against attorne1' .
that the final order J

"aD....,. 1" 1m)

SECTION 1. O"tuaizaliM. _ There hereby orpnbed

aD omdal national body to be known .. the "Int.ep'atecl Bar ot
the PbiJippinee, CIOIDpoeed 01 all peraona .hoee namee now
appear or IDlY hereafter be included in the Roll ol ~
ot

determinatiaL
SEC. t. ProelIm ill CofU1 0( AppmJ,. or Court. 0( 1W
I~.
- A. tar -1DI1 be applic:able. the proceclure ...
ouUiDed IhaD libwi.e IMl'D the flIiq and iDveetip_ II
CIOIDpWata lpiut attone,I ill the Court of AppeaJa _ ..
Court.e ol rant.a
.. ID .. ollUpenaion of the reepoaIIent. the judp olh Inet'nee _ JUItice O(the Court ofAppeIII
IhaU rorthwith tnnIait to the Supreme Court a certified t#V1
oIL~order ol..,...
and a ftallltat.ementof the f'ac:ta upaa

comi", borore

.\

CcNMI__' 10iIwtII;,a1e alld rw:om~nd. "",_

o(~!.~._Uponmadereceipt
01the roepondont.,anewer. "hereiI !

111

........

I""'"

the_me.

RULB8OPCOURT

Eutern VilaY'" couiItinI olthe prcwiDceI alBohol.

Eut.ern Saaw.

Southern Leyt.e,

Leyt.e, Northern

Samar. Samar, and


BAIt

lSI

LBGALANDJUDICIALmDCS

JEV1EdIIN
~o(theprovinceeotAl-l~

WelteI'D~~egrot Occidental. Negroe

Antique, Capi&,
Siquijor.

DO:'

(I)

Orie~

.~ ,

. tine oC the p~

Palawan, Romblon.

Eastern MiDcIaDAOt ~dnon.

~
ApanclelNorte.~d~:'Oriental.
MiMmia
del Norte, Davao ~
del Sur; and
Suripo del Norte.
oC..'I..- .ti

(h)

s.:n,.o

consiatiDI

WR7

~!

CI ea otR._.,

orCotabato. Lanaode)~
and 7.mhoanp. ~ the.piG'~ntal.
South Cotebato, ~
Lanao del Sur, M,,,mll uo;w
del S
-.....
Zam
del Norte. and ZamboaDP
ur.

Weatern ~

(i)

"

In the event orthecreatioD oCUl'/ new provmce, the ~

01 Governon IhaD. with the approv~ oC ~ Supreme ~

determine the ReIioD to which the Iald provmc:e IhaU ~

SEC. 4. CItiJpkn. - A Chapter oCtbe Integrated Bar

:
be orpniaed in ner'/ province. Escept .. hereinbelow
'ridecl, fI'IerJ city Iball be ~~
part oCtile province withii ;
which it ........
pbicall)' Iltua_
,
I

_pante

Iowm, political

Chapter Ihall be orpnized in each oC the,.

subcImaiona or area;

or Aurora;

(a)

The aub-proviDce

(b)

Each coqreuional cti.trict oCtile City oCManila;

(c) Quaon Citr,

(d) CaJoocanCity,MaJahon and Navotu;

(e)

Puay City, Mabti, MandaJuyong and San Juan cW 1

Monte;
(I)

Cebu City; and

(,)

Zamboanp City and Builan City.

Uol ... be otberwile regiaten bJa preference for a partica- ,

Jar Chapter, a lawyer Iha1l be conaiderecl a member or 1M
Chapter o(tbe province, city, political IUbcliviaion or area wbert
bJa office fa or, in the abeence t.bereor, bJa reeidence fa locatet
In DO cue ehalI any lawyer be member of more than 0lIl

Chapter.

vided~

~=

131

aball have ita ownlocallOvemment u proorm rulee to be preecribed by the Board of

Govemora and approvecf by the Supreme Court, the provWona
oCeec:tioD 19 of'thia Rule notwitbatancling.
"3

Chapten beloJIIiDI to the IllUDe Region ahall hold resionaJ

conveDtiODl on matten and problema of common concern.
SEC. 6. Boa. 0( Delqata. - The Int.ep'ated Bar shall
have a Houae ofDeJeptee oI'not more than one hunclrecl twenty
members who Ihall be apportioned among aU the Chapten u
D8U'ly u may be ac:cordiDc to the number of their reapective
memben, but each Chapter Ihall have at leat one Delepte.
On or berore December 31, 1974, and fIVVJ (our yean thereaf
ter, the Board of Govemon Ihall make an apportionment or
Deleptea.

The term of tile otBce ofDeleptee Ihall bePn on the date

o(the openiDc of'the annual convention of the HoUle and ahall
ad on the cl8J immediately prececliDg tile date of'the opening
0( the DDt ."c... cUDI annual convention. No penon may be
Delepte Cor more than two ~
The HOUMIhall holcl an 8DD~ convention at the caD of'
the Board ofGovernon at any time during the month orApril or
each year ror the election of'Governon, the reading and cliacualion or reporta includlDi the annual report of the Board or
Governon. the tnnuction of IUCb other bulln ... u may be
referred to it by the Board and the CODIlderation of IUChaddl
tional metten umay be requated in writiDI by at leat twenty
DelepteL Special conventiOnl of'the HOUMmay be called by
the Board of Governon to CODIider only lUeh metten u the
Board ahall lDcllcate. A "rity
of the Deleptel who have
reglItered ror convention, whether annual or .pecla), .h8ll
conatitute a quorum to do buIineu.
SEC. 6. Boanl ofGowrnora. - Thelntepated
Bar,lhan
be governecl by Board ofOovemon. Nine Oovemon Ihall be
elec:tecl by the HOUle of Deletatee from the nine Bellone on the
repreMntation bull of' one Governor from each Recion. Each
Governor lhall be choIen from a ll8t of nomineee lubmltted by
the Deleptel f'rom the Region, pl"OYidedthat not more than
one nominee Ihall come from any Chapter. The Prelident and

J.8GALAND
IN

BAll

JIIVIIWIR

JUDICIAL

muca

IN

.
iIcboeen by the Govel'1lora
the Eucu~ \_'ice ,.....cleD~ in eeetiOD 7 ofthia .... ~'
outllcleol'tbemItI ..... prv oltheBoenl
~.
ipeo ~1xJ becoJD8

memIJert

or the Board shall hold

office for __ I
'lbe memben cia 01their election and untO their--:1
ODe ,..,.
froID the
elecWd and qualifted. No .,..._
IOrIIhall ha... beeD
two termJ.
....
be a Go4emor Cor IDOI'I than
I
The Board ehall meet regularly once every three. ~
on IUCh elate ud at _ tilDe and plac:e as it ,hall ~41
~
01' aD the _..,herI 01' the Boarcllhall CGaatitwe
qaonuD tD do barir= Special meetiDP may be caJIed ." ..:
Pr.ldeDt .. bJ ftw .....,.. olthe BoarcL .
I
Subject tD the approval of the Supreme Court, the ....
IhaIl adopt By-La .. ud promulpte Canou til Prob ....
BI., (ININIitJ ... aD ........
of'the Integrated Bu 'l1ae a,.
taw .. the CaDOM IIIaJ be
by the &uprem. Ca.It
motu proprW or upoD the recommendation of'tIle Boarcl otOor. I

;ulJ

lID""""

erDOI'I.

The Boud eball preec:ribe aucb other ru1ee IDd .....

tioaa u may be DeCIIII'11Dd proper to earr,y out the ~
or the IDtepated Bar u weU II the provisioDl of'thia Rule.

...
,

I
I

,
I

RULEs 138-131-.. lULlS

or COURT

136

The Intepated Bar IhaU have Secretar7. 1'reuurer:

...,d aucb other oftkera IDcI employee. .. II1II7 be required ~
the Board oC Governo'" to be .ppointed bJ the PreeideDt with
the conlllDt of the Board, and to hold oft1ce at the pleuurc of
the Board 01' lor IUCb tel'lll U it ma1 IlL Said office" and
employeea Deed DOt be membera oC the Jntep'ated Bar.

SEC. 8~ lbaallda. - ID the event the Preeident it abeent

.. unable to ad, hi. dutiel .halI be performed by the Eucutive
VICe President; and in the event 01 the death. reaipatiOD, or
removal 01 the Preaident, the Euc:utive VICe President IhaIl
eerveu AdiDc Preaident durine the remainder of the term of
the office thus vacated. In the event of the death. reaipatioD,
removal or diaability 01 both the President and the Eucutive
Vice Preeident, the BoarcJ of GoveI'DOl'8 ahalI elect an ActinI
Preeiclent to hold offiee until the next awceediDl election ..
dunn, the period or diubiUlJ.
.

Tbe fIllinc

or vacanci.

in the Houat of Deleptea. Boerd .

of Govemo", and all other poelUona of OfBcera 01 the IDte.... t.ecl Bar ahall be u provided in the ByLa... Whenever the
term of an omc. or poeition II lor fbred period. the penoD
cboIeD to ftlI a v.cancy therein ahalI laW .., lor the una
pired term.

SEC:

SEC. 7. 0{ficuI. - Tbe lD....... ted Bar IhaU have a"'_

dent .. 8U ~
VICePr.ident who IhaU be c:boeeD.., .
the GO"IIIIO" immecljately after the latter" elec:tion; tithe
fiom IIDOIIII' tbemaeme or from other memben of the .. '
grated Bar, by the vote of at leut five GovernOI'l. Each 01' tile ;
re,ioDaI DMIIIIIben oI'the Board abalI be u offkio Vice PreIidM
~ the Recioo which be NpreaentL
.

9. Membe;Wp dua. - Every member or the 1Dte....t.ecl Bar ahall pay tuch annual duea u the Board of Gover-

The PresideDt ucl the Executive vice Preaident IhaD hoM

~
(or a term or ODe year &om the date 01 their elec:tioo IDI
un~ their a"CCIIiGn ahalI have duly qualified The E 1i
VICe PreaicIeot .L..II .... tom.t"-"- L.___ .L.~
~
"
-:-- ._." ~me .... Preaideat fir
the Dat -""""',,. full term. 'I1IIe Preai.t..-1haU
I
,.... to ,.... amoac aD the DiDe
-:-'''
rotate "tion u the Board oI'Gove
Re,iona III auch order 0I'ntabe Preaident or Executi ~
~!l'eIeribe. No penon ahaII :

. SEC. 10. Efffd 0( fIDIIpoyrrwnt 0( dua. - Subject to the

provlaiODl 01 Section 12 01thia Rule, default in the payment 0(
'almual dUel lor 1m montha ahall warrant auapcnaiOD of memo
benhip in the IDtecrated Bar, and default in auch JNII)'IDefttfor
one JUI' ahaII be pound lor the removal oC the name of the
de1iDquent member &om the Roll tI AttorDeya.

lor

more than OllIe -..

ve

lCt ~ '-Gent

01the Jntep-ateclBlr

ahalI determine with the approqI of the Supreme Court. A

fbed tum equivalent to ten pm:ent (IK) of the coIlectioDa
from each Chapter ahall be Itt aide u Welfare Fund for
diaablecl membe" of the Chapter and the compulsory heira or
dece .. ed membe" thereof.

DOn

rei,..tCJtc.
A member may terminate hia membenhip by miDI a
written notice to thet efreel with the 8ec:ntaI')' of the In.
SEC. 11.\bilinear)' krmillOlion o(IMmNrtlaip;

1M"'. -

RULES

''''.a. RllWorCOURT

In

St~".t'mt'nt. Co tit ft'hdt.ft'CI and .h.1I ~ to it that th. ."..,...

.udat iImade or allllC'C'UUnt. of thto Int"l"lllt'd Bar and all the
l~haJ'tt'n lht-noot

SEC. 16. Jot.rrtoI. - 'I'1Mo &.Ird of'Gcmmon ahall anallf'

a quarwrty Journal or the Inwer-ttod Dar. frM
alp'. or which shall be di,tributt'd to ~"'t''1 ~mb eI 1M
Inttognlkd Bar.
Co ~ PU~

~E~. 17. 'UlIIIIIG~ Bar CWtl(iol,ou, _ AU ",un .. " Bar

8fIl'OO8tiona now esilti", or which ma, I'M'fftlftrr ~ l'lt'1Dl'd
may aH'xi..t with the Inttorrak>d &r but Wall DOt open&. .t
CI'088purpolIN

tht-mrith.

Am,,,dmt',,, . -

n.e

sr.c.

13. "OIIIW"HwI &II: Inwer-ted Bar IhaJJ lit

_ridl, DOft-poIitaJ. and rwry activity ~ndi .. Co impair thie
ba... fNtU'_' illllridly prohibi~ and .hall - pt'naliud..
~inl:ly.
No la""" holdi", an ~ft,
judicial. quaai-:jud;.
nal. ~ ~~tOl'1
oIf'~ in the GovemllK'nt or any poIitiqJ ,

~hd.YUJOft or 1ft.''I'nJl'lK'ntahty thereof ahaJJ _ e'igible for eJt.c. I

tion or appointment Co any position in the Intearated Bar Gr
any ChapIn thf'ftlOl A Drlepte, Governor, ofrJCer or employw I
or the Inl~1fd Bar. ar an oIf'lC'ef ar employee an, Chapter
thtonoolllhaJl be l'OfIIidtol't'Cl iplO foelD ,..,iined (rom hie poeitiol
::
the ~nt
he fIIN hi. c.rtificele
candidaCJ for an,
." puhilr oIf'lCe or ampta appoin(JlK'nt Co an, Judicial,
quu.Judirial. ar pl"Ollt'nltol'7ollie in the Oovern
t
poliUcelltubdlvlllion or Imtrumentalit, thereof. men or an,

or

or

SEC . Pwil,on, Iwnuru"

E
(all), auIhnriud or allowed b)' th~
a~P&Caama, be apt'riO.
or GoYPMIor and no natinn
up,..me our&, no Dtolt'gnte
1Mo, .haU ft't't'iYe My com al or IIIaII ofIiC\"' or committee mem-

I"mm Ihe fund, 0( UK'Int JIl'n:::Ion, allowal)(e or emolument

t,",noln or
.ntltled to~a h Bar for an, aervke I'l'ndpnoci
rurnod In thl' dillt'h..... .". hi UfWpml'nt for an, ealH'nlM! In

"!..

.~.

IIlundlona.

",,,II,,,.

MY-e. I ft. "~1InJ1

.,Imlllllll .., tt.. nlnd. -'tl

Th.

,'brill'" ofOOyprnf.f1'I III.nll

nl"ltatl'd h_
d I OIIr lind IIhall haft I'"
IIh"Untlllll' pnlfW n.-LII .,. All 1 IlIhul"III',,"-,nlll
thtsl'l'rnll" It
'"

Ie

~'"

I"

"..""'..h' mnhl' IIllllnll'"alh'1I1

""\'nun",,,

L_

) IJII!

"t'I,l atld ""IIAnI'IAI

SEC. 18.
Thill RuJ. me, _ allM'nded by
the Supnomt' Coort mol. proprio or uPl'n the rwomnwndabca
or the Board ofGowmon or an, Cha~r of the In...".ttod Bar.

SEC. 19. OrronuaIiMDI ",riod. - The CommiNioa GIl

Bar IntlolraUon IhaJI orpniu &he loaal ("hapten and &o.-.rd
this end ahalllleCW'e the UIIiJtanc:e of the Drp!lrtmeDt eI J....
lice and 0( all Ju"," thrcnqrhout the Philippirw&. AU Chapter
organizatioNllDft'linp
ahaU ~ Mid on SIIturda,. Frbnaary
17, 1973. In "PrJ ('1M, the Commillllion .hall caWll' propf'f'
notice 0( the elate. time .nd pilln' 0( the mminc 10 .. ~
upon all the Ie.,..,. CDIIft'mtelat thef, adel,..,... awarin i.
the record. of the Commiukm. The Ilwyt'f'I p.... nt at the
meetin, caned Co OFJfaniu a Chapter .hall tonIItitute a qllOnlftt
for the PUrpnlle, includi". the eltoction 0(. ","idfont, a Vac.
,,"ident, a Hecl'l'lary. a1ftuum'. and nYe f).rt<1ora.
The Commllflion .haU Initially rlJl the numbrr q( DeleeuW. and apportirm till' "1JIl' amonIC all the ChaJbn III M'arl,
811 mlly ... in p"",,"'ion Co the numtlt'r 01 their ""'Pf'd;ft "..."..
bers, hut Nch Chnptn.haJ1
have at WllJIt OM' IJt.lf-,rllW. The
J'l'l'IIident 0( ('ach Chapter IIholl rohCUlTt'ntJ)' br lu JJt.J,.gll&. to
tllP HQUIII!of Dekoltlltel. The Vice Pmlid .. nt .h..11.. hg aftft-.
nate, el'pt wtwore the Chltpt.., I nlitl"' to h" .. nM>rf' th"n
one IJt.WaAIto, in which t'lll1If
Viefl l'tl'iIIl" ... t
lJrlf'l(lIte. nit' Board u( UlteeW ... ur the Ch"JlI.r "haU In .".."..,
("1M'll plr.ot IIflditlfm.1 III wpU '" al","".1to u............

"h,." "'l1li .....

t'"

'n

11',1I1It'0( IMl'tI"It'fIllhlfll tfllI""' ... tI~ ('iI, "I Af.

nil .. on, ItuII''',. Mnn'" 17, IIna iiI' tiM' putJlf- ,,,. If'( tI"

1Ut.r.a 1.. 1....

A. PROCEEDINGIIN
BAR

1WIZ8

or 11IE

SEC. 2. Nalitwd ~

or COURT

nm INTEGRATED
PHILIPPINES

ItI_'~.

- The Board til

lhaIlappoint f'roaa amonc IBP memben 8D ID..-ior. _beD IpeCia) am ..... t.... 10 warrant. a panel til

Qoemon

ptor

three (3)inveetipt.on to in""t.e

the complainL All in..-ipt.on IhalI tab 8ft .th til oftice in the form pracribed bJ the
Boarcl til Govemon. A copJ til the lD...tipt.or. appoiDtmeai
...
th ahall .. tnumiUecl to the Supreme Court.

Rule"'
DISBARMEHI' AND DISCIPLINE
or A1TOBHEY8

AD IDveltiptGl' "',,

.
SECI'ION 1. HOUI iIutitMI*L - Proceedinp (or cIitb.r.
ment. R8peIWIon or clildpliDe til attAIrDeJI may be taken by the
Supreme CcIart motu proprio. II' bJ the IDtepated Bar of the
PbilippiDee (lBP) UpoD the ftrified complaint 0( any pel'lOlL
The complaint IhaD ute dearIJ aDd CODCiaeI, the facta Q)D.
~
of aDd Iha1l be aupporteclbJ aftidavita or persona bu.
IDI penoaaI bowledp til the r.cta tbereiD alleged andlor."
aucb cIoeumeati u ma,lUhItaDtiat.e

,.ns. lip aDd __

or

til

.~-

~rr:nt.ment.

Biz (8) coplee .the tWiW

of the IBPor
CDlDplaiDt
who IhaIl forthwith tnu!:~oIan'ofitachaptert

8ecretarJ

GoeI non for UIicnment to

,No..lIO. Mor'

I8JDe

ahaU be rued wid!

to the IBP Board rI

ded. &or

.,,:,-......(A ......

..

actiDI u lUCIa tm.tiptGr. Where the ID~

Govel'DOri.

CUM

~=::

the

til relatiaD-

Any inv.tipt.or IDaY eIIO be removed for cauae. after due

beuiDI. bJ the Gte 01at Ieut lis (81 members of tile IBPBoud

. The IBP Boarcl Go,.,.... ...,. IIIOIu proprio or upGD

relernl bJ the Sup ..... Court II' bJ a Chapter Board
Ollie....... at the iDItaDcI til U'/ ...... iDitiate and proeecute
proper cbarpe apiDI& aD1 trriDc ~
iDcludiDg thole ia
the ~
Ice; PrrMdMI, Aowwr That aU ...a.__
... INJt.f
theCourt.AppealaaDd
~.fudpa.the
Court.TuAppeaJaaad
,.,.,. are joiDtlJ dwpd witIl them, IbaIl be ftJed ththe
Supreme Court; ProoidMl.IIrIU
&.... L_
WI
.fume. aDd Judpa beb:
~
~
ftJed agaiDst
to their
the 1Bp, iDdudinc those med prior
iD the .f~
IbaIl immecliat.elJ be
tioD.
the Supnme Court ,.. cIiIpOaitioD and acljudica-

the

NUOD

the record their wriUeD CDDI'IDt to

...
DOt cliIqualiIy himlelf. a pIrtJ 1Da1 appeal to the IBP Board til
Governor'l. which bJ maJorit1 YOt.e or the memberl preeent.
there heiDI a quorum. 1Da1 order Ilia diIIquali(u:atioD.

bia

laid f'ac:ta.

or

cliequellftecIbJ

ehip within the fourth depee. CIODIAJIIUinity or aftiDiq to 8ft1

til the ,.,u.. II' their oouueI, pecuDiar1 inw-t. p8I"IOD8l
.......
bIa baviDI act.t 0IIUDIeI iIr either pal"tJ. ume.. the

i
I

The deciaion 01 the BoIrd of Qoveraora in aD

or relDOYlllha1l be final

or cliIquliftcaUoa

SEC. 3. DuM 0( tIw NaIioMl GrVva1l InuafiIlaIDr. The National GrieqDce Ia...uptora Iha1I inYe8tipt.eaD COlDplaiDt.e apiDIt members 01the latep'ltecl Bar referred to thea
by the IBP Board 01Go... DOn.
SEC. 4. Ch4pt#r ~
~ complaUuull. - The proper
IBP Chapter 1Da1111i1t the ClllDplaiaaatl.) in the preparatioa
aad filiDI ofilia COIDp1aiDtl.~
SEC. Ii. &rvi tw diPIiaGL - Ifthe complaint appara
to be merltorioul. the 1n'NltiptAlr IhaD direct that a copJ therea(
be eervecl UpoD the ,...pondent. requiring him to anewer the
IUD. within ftfteeD (16) de,. from the dete 0( _nice. If the
complaint dOlI DOt merit ectiOD. or if the .uwer ehowI to the
uUafaction of the InftltiptGr
that the complaint iI not meritorioUi the 111M may be cliImiued by the Board of Gcmraora
upon
recommendetioa. A ClOP)' or the reeoluUon or clilmilMl

hi.

IN~ANDJl)DlClAL
140

BAIt RI'\~

ahaD be

ftlrDiIhfd the

~inant

miles

and the SuPl'Clne

c..'

'*"" ".",no or upon timely 'bI..._~

which InAYrevie. ~~thiIl15

days from notice of the ok.
fA the eomplainaftt l1JC'I .,
~
miuaI.the toIIlplainL
. shall be interrupted or terminated
No in~tion
.ttlesnent, compromise, restitll~
NUOIl of the ~
failure 01 the complai"b~1
withdrawal of the chaJIIIIo
-~
proeecute the same. '
SEC. 8. ~
tJNl.,.,;tt of tUllwe~ - Th~._,._
ahaO be verified. 'lbe ori8iJIeI and ~ve (5) l~ble coplea 01...
answer aball be filed with the Investigator, WIth proof of 1Ie~
or a copy thenoI' OIl the complainant 01' bia counsel.
SEC. 7. AdminiltrotiueCOUMtI - The IBP Board ofeo,.
emon IhaIl appoint alUitable member of the Integrated
u COUDI8Ito UIiIt the complainant 01' the respondent d .
the iDveatiption in caae of need for such aasiatance.
~

a-

SEC. 8.1~
- UpoDjoinder of iaauea or _
failure of the rtlpondent to answer. the Investigator shall, will
deliberate speed, pzvceed with the investigation of the case He
IhaO have the power to Iuue IUbpoeuaa and adminiater
I
The respondent ahaIl be liven full opportunity to defend himNIt, to preeent witDe8lel onhis behalf, and be heard by himeeIr
aDd COUD8eI. However, if upon reasonable notice the I"eIpODIi.
ent fails to appear. the investigation shall proceed ex /)GrU.

0It..

three~ In~tor
ebal1 terminate the investigation witbia
extended ~
&om the date of ite commencement, unI.
applicatio:r good cause by the Board of Governors upon prior
WIIIIWfailure or reftIul to obey
lawful order iaaued by the In
. subpoena or any other
for iadirect contempt of court.veatiptor shan be dealt with II
be 6Ied b7 the InWltiptor ber.The corresponding charge WlI
which ehall require the allepd ore the IBP Board of Oovemon
ten (10) da,ya &om notice. Thecontemnor to show cause withia
thereefter conduct heari
mp Board of Governors DII1
the procedure set furth
if neceeeary. In accordanee with
InWlltiptor. Such
Rule for hearings before the
as far .. practlcablo be lenni-

;:a.
hevin,.:

I
,

I
;
I
I

_ted within Bfteen (16) d8)'8 &om Ita commencement. Thereafter, the mp Board of Govwnon ahaU within. like period of
t\f\een (16) claya lllue a reaolution settinl forth Ita ftndil\ll and
recommendations, whkh ahall forthwith be tranamltted to the
Supreme Court fOl'ftnalaction and ifwarranted, the lmpoaition
ofpenal~

!.

SEC.
DrpositioM. - Depositiona ID81 be taken In &eo
cordanee WIth the Rules of Court with leave of the Inveetigatore
Within the Philippines. depositioDl may be taken before
any member of the Board of Governors, the President of any
Chapter. or 8ft1 officer authorized b7law to adminiater oathe.
Depositions may be taken outside the Philippines before a
diplomatic 01' consular representative of the Philippine Government or before any penon acreed upoo by the parties or eleeicnat.ed by the Board of Governon.
Any suitable member of the Intep'8ted Bar ADthe place
where a deposition ehalI be taken may be desipat.ed by the
Investigator to 881ist. the complainant or the respondent In
takinla deposition.
SEC. 10. Report of lnue.tigator. - Not later than thirty
(30) days from the termination of the invutigation. thelnveatigator ehalI lubmit a report containinc Ilia ftndinp of fact anel
recommendations to the mp Board ofGoverno .... topther with
the stenographic notes and the tranlCript thereof. and aU the
evidence presented durinl the inYeltiption. The lubmiuion of
the report need not await the transcription or the atenocraphic
notes. it beiDI .umcient that the report reproduce lubstantially from the Inveetiptor'l penonal notes any relevant and
pertinent teltimonie .
SEC. 11. Dtfect.. - No defect in a complaint, DOtice. an. Iwer. or in the proceedilll or the lnve.tilator'l Report thaIl be
conlldered ubstantial unIell the Board of Governo ... , upon
conalderilll the wholt record. nnde that luch elefect hal ....
eult.ed or may result in a miacar'riale orJuttic:e, in which event
the Board Ihall take such remedial action u the c:irc:umetancee
may warrant, inc:ludln,lnvalldaUon of the enUre proceedincl

...

C. COMMON PROVISIONS

la. SII."",.

."orrwy S"p"'''''

SEC.
of
by
COlI". ""-' ret'tllpt or .... poncItont. al\l ... r or 1.1* 0( the pertocl
thttrefor. the Supreme Court. lII0I11 proprio. or .l the Il\ItaMe 0(
the lOP Board 01 Gov.mon Upoll the ftICOmmend.tIoa 0( the
lnftAlptora,lI\aJ aue,.nd an .ltorMy ftoomthe pnctke oIhla
prof'eulon 'or al\1 01the ca_
.peel"ed In Rule 138, eectIoD
2'7, duriq the pendney oIthe h'veat.,.Uon until.ucla auapen
n ia Uf\ed by the Supreme Caul'\.
SEC. 18. S"'lW'UioII o(altonwy by 1M COlI" 0( AppJla or

IW6ioI'llll 7Wal Cotuf. - 'l'be Court or Appeala or RepnaJ

ror an, 0(
the cauaee named ID Rule 138, eecUon 21, unti) further ectioD
o(the Supreme Court lD the cue.
.

Trial Court ma, IUlpeDIS an .tt.orneJ from practJc:.

0'

SEC. 17. UpoII.u.tpf1llioft by Coun Ap,_t. or II4ioI'IIIl

7tial Coun, funlwr procftdi".. III Sup,.nw Coun. - Upoa

,.

B. PROCEEDINGS IN .....

GlIDD __

~=':r:::;;.

aDA ""'-ACoIIaA

SEC. 13.1lluat;,.w.
iDp iDitiated motu
.

COURT

L. LJ:-,~_,,_

ID proceeclproceedjup when
Supreme Court or iD other
preme Court may rerer the cue
requ1rea, the Sutor Geoer.J 01' to Ul.J omc.r 01
tion to the SoJici.
lower court. iD whicb CUI the .the Supreme Court or judp 01.
.....
m.n .... pro.1cW ba _..~tiaD
IhaU proceed iD till
Nfiew o(the report oIbaftltj ~.
to u bereoc, .. ve that till
b7 the Supreme Cow1..
......
be CODducted cliredIJ
tq --

VlrIWral. -

-.u

1Uc:hIUlpel\liOD, the Court 01Appe." or .lWlional 'nial Court

man rorthwith traDIm1t to the Supreme Court certined aJP1
o(the onler 0I1U1peD1ioD and run ltatement oCthe r.cta upoa
wbic:h the MIlle ... buecl. Upoa receipt or aucb certifiecl aJP1
and atatemeot, the Supreme Court IhaIl make run iDweetiption otthe cue and ma, mob. aborteD or ateDd the IUIpeDeioD. or dilbar the .\t.OmeJ u the racta ma, warrant.

SEC. 18. ~.
- Proceedinp .pin......
De)'I.haU be prlftte ud coaftdeDtW. However. the ftDal order
0( the Supreme Court abaD be publilhed lib ill dedeione ID
othercuea.

SEC. 19. ~.
- AD .......
1e ud DeC I 1 .., a
iDeumd IDreIetioD to dilcipliDuy ud cliabenDnt".

peDM8

44
ceedl ..... are lawrut

.. a.u..

eIIa"'-

for which the

partloe

mDy

be t.. .._.
---a

..

..
nd TnI",itorY Prou,s,on. - Thia Ru
SEC. 20. E/ftrftlJftyo 1988. All C8llOll JXondlnllnvOlltl Ie

IhaU take effect aD June I: ,.___lahull be trnnafl

...
Uon by the OfI'aceo(thf SoIiritor uo...... ra
el'red ..
the I k'p"ated Bar 0( &he PhilipplnCll Boord
Governora ror
diIpoIitioD ~ provided In this R~le ~
thc.e cues where thf iD_iptiOn hal been lubetantiaJly eo...

iD_tioD .....

PartY

or

CASE NOTES - LEGAL ETHICS

pleted.
1. Unlmpnc:habIe eccountlng of dlenr. funds twqUIred

While the failure of respondeDt lawyer to live an

unimpeacheable accounting 01 the IDODeJ be bad received
and to ronder I 18tisfaetory eervic:e in bandlinI defendants' appoal in an ejectment ease don not CODStitute Iroe8
mieconduct or dl.hone.ty, reapondeDt IhouJd be admoa.. hed to ~ more conaeientioua in the performance 01 bia
dulie. to his clients and to be more acrupuloua and circumspect in handline their funds.

Fads:
The eervic:esof reepondent w.. contracted to handle
an appeal of the defendants in an eject1DeDt cue to the
Court of First Instance. The RespondeDt w.. paid a total
lum of Pl,563.50. After the perfection of the appeal and
the submission of the supensedeu bond to NY the execution, reepondent did nothing to eel the cue for hearing.
When the case ror decision without oral 8lJUDlODt or mem0randum. The City Court'. decision 8piDat the deCeDdantl
was affirmed and they rehired the former law:yer to appeal the case to the Court of AppeaJa, but they 10It the
appeal. Sublequently, eomplainant c:harpd reapoodent
with unethical eonduct and Dellipnce in handliDc clefeDClant'. apllt'Dl in the ejectment cue in that hia aervicee were
not eali.ractory .. he appea~ in eourt only once and did
not .ubmlt M)' memorandum or orallJ"lUJMDt and that
he did not ",nder an unimpt'achable accounting of the funda
he had received. Durinl the inve1til.tion reapondeDt
146

_.... "L,uWJUDICIAL B'nUCS

BAIl ~

lIf LoIIo'-"

~"Ibe

141

cJajJDed that tritb~

miIaioD 01tile
, _...a L:. CIJIDIIIItJDID

~t-to

r~-

Tbe

.:

:I

....

......
....
~,
..~!..
..
...
I

.,i.

olin__'

~pIIOn

=tcall
.,

,.,

Procdi"" - The complainant It. I

iIduty bound to p~

hi. ...

don by c:oavindDI evidence.

IiDlI 0( IntlOClnu - 'l1le eerioUi eo-.

Pm""." al diJbarmeDt or IWlpenaion Mould
then iI' dear preponderanc:e of evi__
inlt the reeponcieDt. The presumption Ia that the

rono.

., . ~!:;::..
b.

:rtomeJ .. innoCent or the charge.

Iw per{onned hla duty II an oftlcer

~M~hla-~

....

'UCI_

...,
"

eoart ruled that while

Supreme

.,;
_

........,
..

Coaa.,Jaiat diamJaaecL
C.. No. 124, 76 8CR.\ 263~

"-

the let Of
'lUteJfO" arlaconduct or di.L'"
' sponcIeDt did ~ _.u t or suspension, he 1bouJ4~
, .' est1 toJDtrit diJbarID~ aDd cliBcrett in ~...
'monished to ~ _.
tobe more zealou and elM;:.....
! runda oIhia dieD". ~
_ (Ballot VI. B.I... .-.~
~ __J:A.to~~te~~
'-~
I.D
2, Jan'" 31, 1977).
~,No.~35
, '
COWltilll oItht

..

appeai8bd....
J
boDd. be bad adequatel, ~ ,
bit clieDts. He pve a ~ ht.

Fad.:'

prorerred ..

or the cowt

Atlldminiltrati" complaint ror maJpndJc:e WIll ftW

agalnlllWpondent, a member or th. Philippine Bar. 1\a
Amdavlt Complaint .lIeged that respondent'. rallure to
be PfeICIIltat the hearl", 01 an ..... rlan cue apiDlt CIIIlo
plalnant relUlled lDan order or derault which caued hi.
to be the CUI. WhIle pendl", at tho Ornce the Solido

or

tor General ror Inveall,atlon, report al)d recommendation,

complainant ftIed an aftldavit IOekln, tho withdrawal "
the cha..... III vI&w thereof, reepondent mod motion to
dillmila. 'l'bo caI8 WU lOt ror hearln,lOvon Um. but compillinant pe_ .ppeared. ThUl, LhorecommendatJon WII
fur the d_!Mal 01 the ,complaln.nL Tho Supremo CGw1
approved the ft!COmmendallon,no~... havlnl been pl'OYll4
aa:al .... t nIIIpOftdtlnt.

ft.AttJ

Serrano.AcbD.

FGdI:
A complaint w.. ftlecI apiDIt,.poodeDt lor __
m1IcoDduct and DIIIiceDCe for bia laiIUN to me \be appellaDt'. brief iD ciYil cut for cla.a,.. a,ai_ &be
co.plaiDaDt ruultlDc ill th. cliIIDl ... J 01 the latter'
appeal. Contrary to complalDant'l aJJeptioD that he s-W
....pcmdeDt PI.. for apeu.iIl \be appeal 01b.iI cue;
ncelpt tAwbicb ... aDeteclJJloat ill a
reIJllIII ctent
CODtaDclecl that be had ben pIW oa1J P385 out 01 \be
ltipulat.ecl re. ofP&Oo.OO that be aclYanctd Pl20 u appeal
boM wbkb ... __ reiJnbureecl. ..... thateompliD ....
W abandoDecl bia appe8)btcaUit he bad DO IDODI1 to
deh, the apeDIeI for proMCUtinc IL

fa"""'"

The Supreme Court dilmlued the CIOIDplaiDtiD ..

01 CIOIDplalDanrllaiJUN to ICCOUDt far the nceip&l Iipecl
bJ the lawyer. (Requio ft. 0, Liacco, At:, 1601,luUM'/
81,1m, 76 SCRA 118).
,. Attomty'. F...

Even In the abttnce of an

.xprtII agNMllf1l. rtght to

AltomIy'. F... justified by implied aglMlMt1l end .,.
., innominate Contract of FKIo III"_

Corpua VI.

Court of

Appa.'" .aI.

G.R, No. L-40424, Juna 30, 1110

FGtII:
Whll dmILa.dly, Ally. D rendereclletaJ ..me- to
rejeet.ed the demaad ohM fonut for the
payment II attorney'l feet of one ball of the .wanl to the
dl.nt, Oft the pound thtlAlly. D had otrerad aM rendertcl

RMe, tht latter

hla .. rYlee..... tultDu.ly. It appea,. &haL RMC W dunne

the proceedlnp t.enderad tDthe lawyw a ched& ofP2,&OO.OO
for ",1 .. rvicelln handline the eMe, but W. .......
turned by AUy. D, who .roe. back \hat. wtaeD I cIedded &0
rend.r prorlllllonallMlrvlclllln JOur _, I WII moUyaa.cl

,.

lAl""una IN

the paat ,.ra. It -.."'""

;::!iondurin
fee,When RMC ...
al

to ~
JW ,ncll hi'"

1"\:

,warded
II

hit ~

1Ik.

ft&~

Afti. D eent' bill fOr 5()t, oftbt~

Iff'i- M the bill WII DOt

primIn~ ~

..w.~

thetriel court .warded him P30,OOO, ~

D 6Jecl.w:mnnecl by the Court ot Appeall. RMC .... \ .

thia WII
'!be ialuetl'lieed were: Whethet A....
the Supreme Court--Uon. and it10, the amount ft-:!
DisenutiedtoCOlll.....~
compeIIIIUoD.
I
Rulirw:

on. Su reme Court ruled that: (a) while there ....

':'-t,
it appears that the client RMC II, ,
I

~i"":echeck oCP2,50000 indicated his COIIUni~

n:;

to

'" ttorDe1'l f'eeI. Tbia waa an implied admil_"

the lawyer to the feel, (b~ Uke~ the ricbt ...
attDmeyl' Ceee is juatified by the mnommate con_"
fudo utdn a do and you give) baaed on the principle th.t .
DO ODe abaD UDjuatlyenrich bimseIf' at the 8XpeDae or ..
other. The Supreme Court however reduced the aWlld "
P20,OOO after conaideriDI that another lawyer bad ....
rendered Iepl.mcea in the same together with AltJ. D. I
4. Conflict of InIeNIt

..

rl \he 'fff"Ilntlmate reiationa

b1 the ...

~ANllJ\)t)lCW.l'nl~

~
\

PINy Law and ConIc:Itnc:t Union, Inc. va. Attorney hi I

Adm. c... No. 1001, Jlnuary 22, 1980
I

Complainant c:harpd respondent lawyer with.. i

&rOIl miaconduct in oMce,1fOII immorIl COIUIuct
~~
diaIoyalty to the Republic oC the PhiJippinea. 'l\e I
Solicitor GeDeraI, after investigation, charged ~
with repl'eleDting clients with conflicting interests, aM
JI'CIII millCOllductin oftlce, Corhavin, appeared II couuel \
CorP~1o CuDeta dun", the preliminary inveatlption tl
the anti"ll'8ftc:ue. which wu filed by PARGO apinatuid
Pablo Cuneta. while respondent wu then PARQO'a LepI
Oftlcer. ~ ~~tor,
II well u head OCPARGO'S
-charlie Division. Respondent contended that he did lOt
pradice.

partidPl~ lb the In
the witl'l
\'fetipUon ofCuneta .... '" to IWMI'
--'1 for and that he hael withdra .. hie a~
II COOI\Ie
CUllC!ta.

the in~.~~tirelDe Court naled that since he took put iD

.... on of the anti.,.._a cue apinat Cuneta bJ
adminiateriq oatha to wime.. andptheriDc mdeDee.,
be obtained conftdential inf'ormatioD andleamecl fI the
eYidence or the PARGO apiftl\ Cuneta. thua, then ...
UDCloubtedlJ a relationahip of attomey and dieDt betweeD
the .. pondent anel the PARCO. Tbat the .. pondent later
withdrewhie apllW'lncee II COUDIeI Cor Cuneta Sa fI DO

moment becauae h. bad already Yiolatecl the CaDODl fI

Lepl Ethica and Sec. 2O(e) ofRuJe 138. Rulee flCcIurt.
Reapondent WII held guilty of repraentinc dieDta
with contlictiJIg intereata. He WII SUSPENDED &om the
practice or law for two (2) months, with a wamine that ,
repetitioD of tile lime oft'eue will be dealt with IDOft drutic:alJy.

..

S. t Unauthorized Settlement by Lawyer, Unethical

Gonza ... VI. Purenaa, Adm.
Nov.7,1171

e...

No. 1717

A verifted letter-complaint WII filed bJ lAoni .. O.

Gcmzalea cIwJini reaponcIentAtty. Ricardo C. Parrenaa
Cor havinl culpably violated hie Iawyer'l oath wben be
amicably aettJed for the amount of Pl,OOO.OO the former',
complainant for libel qainat the 'l\lmaJu. without complainant'l knowledp and CODIent,and thereafter, misappropriated aaid amount. Respondent cIoea DOt deny haY.
ing amicably .. ttled the libel cue rued with the omce of
the City ....
of Manila by the complainant. Neitberdoel
be deny havinl received the amount of P8OO.00 .. put of'
the aeWement price. He, however, contende that it WII
the complainant herself' who requeatecl him to settle the
cue and directed him to take the amount of P6OO.00 ..
hie attorneys' feeand to giYethe remaimn, P2OO.00 to the
lawyer oCt.he 'I\unalu. But. be preeenta DO evidence whatIOeVeI' to IUpport IUch contention.

8AI pVJIWEIlN JS]ALANDJUDICIAL B'I1Uca

III

. aDd JI'CII' miJconduet in oflice

the libel tuit filed by bia die!at . I
m,.micably eettJed ...1_ and coDSent and havi....
I
the latter's bOwl_"
._ --.po I
out . 0_.1 oL_ welDeDt amount of PSOO.OO.
I

the order PI"8duclinc him ...._

dence. RespondeDt
uvu:' preaenting a rebuttal evilion ...as
judge reprimanded him when the moH
- ...the matter or contempt was DOt taken.

Court held that respondent was Nt)

for':'

Sup~

deceit. malpr~

lIll"!~

~~~~N

.......
....

..

::

..

on.. I
I

RelpoadeJlt is StJSPENDED
Cor a period of FIVE YEARS.

(rom

the PI'8Ctice

Non-fIIIng of BtIIf
AgIWI Va. cit OrIbIaM va. Attorney Gerto
Adm. Matter No. 1582, February 28, 1171

...

The SupreIDI Court held that the taiban or COWIIII :

to IUbmit the brief' witbin the res)ementary period II. '
OfT.D.. that 'Dtalls disciplinary action. Re,pond'Dt~'
d.r.nII - iDability to his cIi.nt to defray the expelll8l r. :
the priDtilll 01 the briet - 11 DOt IUfliciant to ju.tIty.. .
. tailure to me the appeIJee'a brief: Inattenuation ofl'elpOM. I
ent'. DeliipDce, the Supreme Court noted that the Court :
or Appeale atllrmed the trial court', judsment in ravorrI '

...

......~.
~

'"

..I
."

...
..~...
......,.
..r
..
:11

M'
~i

'

lDIDiteataW:~

despite the
~~ceC,lDda1o
thatithad'
fti
....r a ........... mo
,
~iated that':;': ~ been denied
,ikntio, the rormer
verbal order 1 ~.
ruulUng IDthe iaauance or a
direct tem declarinc petitioDer 'l'raDquilino Calo, Jr. in
COD.. .)It courtoland IUlpending him &om the praeticeo r w.

'
Jr.

...
~i

in~~dptookUPthematterofeciDtempt

ReIpoDcleDtlawyer failed to file the appeUee'.1Iri.t '

cleepite repeated clemancle made by his diant. W. Priari. ,
pal dereON is the iDability by his dient Ceomplalllllll I
hereID) to deftay the ope..... ror the printin, orthe britt (

h........

complainant and that the lawyer.dient relationship..

tinuecl wheD reepoadent, with the apparent consent oICfDo

plainlDt, flied a motion ror execution or the Juclsment.

Reipondent is reprimlDded for hll fanure to m .,. ,

peUee'a brief' witbiD the regl.mentary period and adJDoo. .
iahed to be more drcumapect iD complyilll with his clu17'
to his c1i.nt and to the court.
.
7. Contempt for DIa.... pec:tfu1 Langu.ge

Calo. Jr. CUlNlrnea,w. Tapucar, II SCRA 71

G.R. No. L...724t, January 1', 1871

~:o

Libemea
derapto

Jr., COUD8el tor plaintift'Rodriat

UIed iDtemperate and ~
ry ancuap In his motion for reconaideratiOD rJ
I

O,,~,

petitionen)

,,,6

~yini

. Petitioner' a motion ror recOn.ideraiiori

(or the
lift.inc ~ contempt order wu denied, hence thia petition
ror certiorari.
'
The Supreme Court beld that ofl'enalve, dla.upedful and derogatory obeervation is aD act or direct contempt
~hieh could be PUDiabecllUmmarily. However, the punishment or auapenalon under th. cimamatances is charac-

.. . terized with undue leVerity.

' . . .

8U1penaloDof petitioner is lifted.

I. Notarization of Document without Vendor" SIgnature I.

Malpractice
Realno S. Vln.m.yor, 17 SCRA 311
Adm. C... No. 1124, December 29, 1171

Respondent, a notary public, W88 requested by complainant and one Romeo CIOI8 to prepare a deed or ....
conveyilll a reaidential lot belongilll to complainant II
vendor, IDravor orCioea, u ven4ee. A1thoUlh the vendor
did not aigo the document, because the balance or the
agreed price had not yet been paid. respondent notarized
the document. upon belD, prevailed by the vendee a clOl8
mend, who promleed to pay the balance. Later, I'e8pond. .nt learned that the transaction did not 10 throu,h beC4uae the aubject or the unalgned document WRa IOld by
complainant to another. Subeequently. l'tlllpondent WII
eharaed with malpractice u a notary public. ". an expla.. nation why the complaint wu filedqainat him. ,"pond.

CA8I NOTIs -

111

LEOALmllCl

161

lnp andUI8Ventbe
luaUy auaponding roapondont from law pracUe. un
lUaponaion ill lifWd by the Supreme Court.
Roapondont riled a prohibition C8IIe aplMt complainant.
but. the Supreme Court dlsmillllCd the petition. Thue. complainant and respondont. who ueed to have friendly relatl~n., beeame implacablo antagonllLl, using intemperate.
Yltuperative languapa against oaeh other.
Conaidering that the grave miac:onduc:t im";'ted to

.. ~

prIdIct

=-~

by

rea~den~ ~ tied up with complainant's pereonaJ intereat In the avil c:ue, that the alleged groaa immorality and

Court 1'eI'IOnM1. Ground for

reprehensible conduct are baaed on criminal ~

groaa
Immorality and reprehen8iblo conduct are baaed on criminal ~
against roapondent which did not result in any
final judgment ftl conviction, 10 that the presumption of
innoeence in hia favor W81 not overthrown, the Supreme
Court reaolvecl to Uft.th, IU8pon810n of respondent from
the praetice of law and consldored tho case cloae and terminated.

OIIaIIISil

.......

I1SCRA303
No. p-220, DwcAinber 20. 1178

a.poncIent WII eha~

for ap~aring ~ ~~l
ia
variouI municipal courta Without pnor porml88lon 0( hia
IUperion in violaUon ofcivil eervice rules and regulaliona.
ReIponcIentCIIIUI'L
ink!rpreter aIIo falaifled his time I'OCOrda
by maki.., i& appoer therein that he .sa preaent in lia
omc. in OOCIejonI wben in fact he .sa in the municipll
c:ourta appearing II couneel, without being a member rl
the ber, whieh furthermore, constitutes illegal praetice rl I
law. The investigatingjudp recommended the reprimand
ftl respondent.

11.

ConW:tlon of C..... not Considered Negligence

LAmes vs. LaacIera, It SCRA 18.

Adm.

the respondent

m.

II
I
I

10. DIsm ..... of Criminal Actlon Ground to Dismiss

....... PrOC*cIInp
.........

Adm.

VI.

Disbar

CenIza, 17 SCRA 244

c... No. 1500, December 14, 1178

IDa civil cue pending before him complainantjucf&e I

cledared reepondent lawyer and his client in eonLempt rl
court 8Dd IeDt them to Jail. Reapondent retaliated by ftl t
m, 8D Mminietrative cue apinst
lainan but the
~~~i.ed
thec:ue. C:J.;nant~t.ered
motu proprro IDltiatinc the iDatant diabannent proceed-

No. 1919, March 30, 1979

Respondent

II

The Supreme Court diami ......

hia poeitioa 81 court interpreter.

ea..

W8I charged

with negligence in handling

the defenee of complainant's sen reaulting in the latter'.

eonvic:tioll, aDd for not appearing at the promulgation of
judgment. althouih complainant gave respondent ten peI0Il

for transportation

expenses.

It appe8ll that 81 coulI8el ck o/kio for complainant's

respondent aeeured a bail for the acc:uaed and ac:tecI
.. one of the auretiea. At the hearin, of the criminal C818,
respondent moved for diamiual when one of the defenee
witneuea admitted that he W8I the one, and DOt the Kcuaecl, who elimbed the coconut tree, but the court denied
his motion. Jt. to hia failure to attend the promulgation,
respondent explained that he had a hearin, in the Circuit
Criminal Court on the date of the promulption.
IOn,

The Supreme Court held that pouibility that a more

competent lawyer could have defended the c:lient with more

'

~ANDJUDIClALITH1C8

BAR RVIIlYER Jlf

IU

111

" . .''nil ror boIdinl that

vo:.the

rupondent

is

licit,.

lee by the ~
Cit, WorkmeD'a Compenaation. Retuya
danied haYllll nf'uaed to Pl., P300 00 to Gorduia; Ihe
averred that her former Ia
'.
(113) or the award.
..,.. .... demaadiag OD. tblrd
Dl<N\ 00
The crimiDaI c:aae wu dl .... i I. d wbeD
rtlOlV.
waa ~ to Gorduiz. RetuJa then fUed diaIJer.

.illII not a
bar.
to be a JDdlber
.... I.. t _ clipnleeecl,
Adminiltrlti~
~1'"'7""'"
.,
.'
ExttftIIon on the LI.t Day and
12. Flllnt of Motion fo~ .... ShOWS Lick of Prof.aaL..._.

s.....

Ing by R.gls.
Compettnee and DlIIgtnCI

ment proceed"" apiDt Gorcluiz.

- ......

Rulin6:

'f1i' acivil call Jolt their right to a"'_' ..

.' Plainti
fA filial' aotice or motion ror ~
thear IeWJ8l'
...pmentary period aakeel,_
con.lclera~on withlnol.L.A _..wi within which ~ 'P""'A'IOII'
three extensions .... .- -I"'-.t or
a motion ror new trial.

i;..s the

Lawyer IUIpended .. _ IIlODtha u bia actuatioll

viola_ Canoaa orLlplItbic:a preecribm, COD~
with cllentl on attomet. r... except to prevent iJ\Iuatict,
impoeitton or hud.ln thla cue, the Supreme Court round
that It Ie not aI~
clear that Gorduia' client had IIWindied him; the eetaIa complaint ... a IJ'(IUIlCIlea IUit which
harueed and embarruaed the client. (Retu,a ... Gonluia.
Adm. Cue No. 1388, IIarda 28, 1980).

m.

Tbe ~

(or the IICQDII

aacl third exten.iona __

ftledon the Ialtda,._eentbJ ~

maO. ~
tnt .. derense II that there were cliaqreementl
the
eight plaintiff I whether not apJM'8! mould be IIIIde.
While the aclminilLrative cue was pending, the complain"
executed an afl"adaV of cIeIiataDce exculpating COUDIel.

amonc

1... Q.

NCtIon for the .......,.

10 V8CIIIe and ....,....,
the
1 10 pial .... The declalon how.".,. orcIerecI
1Cl1nt 10 nar. the ...........
When the

Rullnl,:
Relpondent admom.lMd to uerc:iae care and cImua.
.pedlon In the affaire at hie cllenta.

Fill", motions'ror eld.ensionl OIl the laat daY' by ....

latered mall which cIoee not Ii.. Court aumdent time
eel WON the period expireIlIlndicative
orlack or com,.
tence, dlllpnce, and ftdelit1 iD the diapakh or. clieat'l
bu.I,,",. A motion (or reconaideration Ie not .uthorized III
which the period to file record OIl appeal may be extended
but not the lubmiuion 0( the DO&ic:e or appeal and appell
bond. (Roque ve. Gunipndo, 89 SCRA 178) ,
13.

aherlff aought to remove defend.nt from the

, his ...,., MvIaecI him not to vac:.e. the
ArnaIpqctIc:e com .... lnt w.. tiled ......
him for thIa ......
WII the comp .. lnt prosper?
preml
preml

15.

AYOIcIecI

Foci.:
eataIi cha
a
...

inIt hit
age
ated the IUDl or . ~.
who aIIepcUy mlaappropriP3OO.00, awarded aa Gorduia' atto""""

A.

No, uthe writ did DOt crier the derendant to .......

(Gunclren ... Lihatique, Adm. Cue No. 1344, Feb.
28,1966).

Q.

A lawyer
out to clients n .. lOCI...
of. foreign ... oftIce not MIthorIud to pr.ccIc:e IIlw
In the PhIIIppInee. II .. ethical?

11.

held......,

No, uthe (oreip lawol6ce ia not authorized to practice law in the PbUippine . (Dacanay n. Baker,
Mckenzie, It aI., AdID. Matter No. 2131, May 10,
1986.)
Q. A ...,.,
Into retainer .. contract with
union
the plovIIo ..... pM of the ........

A.

Controvert ... with CIIent'a on Attorney'. Fee. to be

lnep Gordula flied

rormert,.
client Ana r. D.... _

In .n eJectlllent CIIN, the writ of execution directed

the payment onIr of the .......
without..., ell-

r
III

... .....-

......,

~ '" doftIlIcI bY thellWP'

A.

".

...

tioD 01 part 01 the

... -

......................
111IJC8

." 1

to the union..

attorneta

the uiOD lIa rebaW. CODUDiIaioDwb~."

.wad- 01 the c.DOD- (Set Ha1iU 'fL CT.~ J
.... G.ll L-24864 aDd 2'1'1'73).
..... It 1
~
~
,

..-.
,

-..

.-:::

,,,
,,,

.....

e-,

:~

..:~
,

...

II
I,

I
I

I
I

",

::1

I
t

II,

.,.

1
f

....."

"'.

....
t:

I I

iIi' J

IIlhl
I1II

! J

~iliiI!iiii'j
J I Ulll illf! I

"i'li!i'i1i1i
i

,..
It haa ,..Ived

Inr",.,..Uon and CWlntlcleftc.e from the cl.t B

which Att,. A II pn.hlhl .... ,,_ utllla.I.., a,.l_
the helra 01
&h. dllM,,1MIdcllenL The obIlpu.,n to MId in eonlldlrnee ....
tnunlc:atlona and Inrormatlon ,..Ived rrom cl.t B .. DIll tar.
mlnat.od by the death 01the client.

APPENDIX A
ANSWERS TO THE 2001 BAR EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS IN LEGAL ETHICS AND
PRACTICAL EXERCISES

fl.
ALLy.A objects to the eoJlahoration 0( Att,. B .. proptMld
by client C In a pendl", CMI.
would A, B, and C handla the

.Iow

I!tuatlon?

ANSWERa A, B, and C .. , handle the I!tuatioD In the

followln, manner:

What .plMouId firil be clone by tho attomoy bcrOh he

can ....
." object 10 Jail dieDt" intention &0 plead lUilt,1
State,.,.... reMODL

oaer

ANSWER: It II the dut1 0( the defe .... counae) to: (I)

thorouchIy the recorda and ,urroundin, circumstan_
oCthe cue and determine it there are Yalid clefel1lJe8he can .....
(b) confer with the 8CCUIIed and obtain &om him h. 8CCOUDt tI
whit hid blppenecI. (c) advile him of h. COMtitutionallDll
atatutory rightl. iadudinc adviability
or enterin, inlo plea
barpinilll, (d) thoroughI)' expllin 10 him the impact or apillJ
plea and the inmtlbleeonYic:tion that will follow, and (e, ifthi
dieDl ItiII inIiItI 011 plea lUilt1, lee to it that the pream"" I
proceclure nee I ''710 the adminiltration 0(juatic:e is ItrictJJ I
followed and disclosed in the court rec:orQ.
stud)'

D
Att,. A', Former ctient B is cleceued. A new client C ....
the lepl service 0( Att)'. A agaiMt the heill rJ
deceased CJie~t B. Has Au,. A absolute ri,ht &0 accept IIw
enppmeat IUICI dieot B is 110 Ionpr hia client? Decide.
poeea to ~

ANSWER:

n.. righ

of

I
'

1$1

Att)'. B thouJd nlue 10accept the cue, otherwise he ",.,

be encroadUn, on the prof'eulonal employment 0( another IIwyer. A IIwyer ahouId cIecl1ne 8IIOCiation .. coUeague it it is
objectionable to tha oriIinaI counsel, but if the Ie..,. f1rR
retained ia relieftcl, another .. , come iDto &he cue (Canoa 7.
CanoRa 0( Proreuional Ethica).
C, the client must chOOM 001, ODe of &he lewyen. It he
wanta Atty. B II hillawyer. he IhouId fiInDaJIJ tenDiDate &he
..me. 0( Atty. A 10 AttJ. B can iInDaIIJ eater his appearaace
In the cue.
IV

~tt1. ~ to .accept the engae~

.
interest
..
,__ ied by his obhgation to avoid conllld rJ ,
arwn, ....,.his relation to the deceued dient B. AttJ

0(

client C II quaJjli

Att)'. A can
to withdraw his.., ricIL Rule 22.01 Cc)01
the Code 0( ProI'lIIionaIlespoaaibilit,
alIowa a lawyer to withdraw hit ..me. II his iDability to work with co-c:ounMI will
not promote the beat interest O(hII dient. Here, by objecting to
the coiliboration Att,. B, Atty. A (orue .. his inability to work
with the former. Atty. A .., withdraw to P" hJa dient a tree
hand In protectiDl his iDtereI&.

Att,. A is an iDcorricibIe pmbIer. He bono_ad IIIODIJ left

and ritht aDd WII ewntuaDy tuecI (or paJlMllt 0( deIu. ID the
Supreme Court, he IDOftIIIo diImiaI the diabumeDt cue ",Ii"'"
him reuoninI &bit Jail unpaid cIebI.a aDd coDectioa suite .,.iMl
him are DOt lep)JJ yaJjd pounds to cliKipliDe him.. Decide.

AND JUDICiAL ETHICS

BAlIIVIE"El or LJGAI-

180

ANSWEft: AttI A cannot

III

be di8clplineci for DOn-pa~

VII

seRA 419), the Court belel tb.t

1ft 'lbWo" ~
(316 not be diJciplined for failure tt
re.poncIent lawyer therfID ~
is to ftle collectioQ

or cIebL

....

..

m his

:.:

f=red. !t

before a
preme Court
auapended
IIUIDe

s...

the court may ~ot ordinarily ...

Rule 3.02 of the Code of Profeuional RelJIOIUIibility proyjdea .. followl!

lice.,.mat the lawyer. The

....war court; J':eral rule that a lawyer

pay her

:::. ..

'l'h!

iDcl~

The ahinl(le or a lone law practitioner Bartolome D. Carwho inherit.ed the law
from hie decB lied father,Artonio
C. Carton. carriea theae IWIleI: Carton Carton .... w Office.Ie that permlaeible or objectionable? Expl.ln.

.J:.-lpl'- biIIl. for incumng

juriIdictioIl ~ _.

..-

private capeoty .

ton.

c:-.

may I'IOt be

indebted_

-I" 1MchDit:e of. (ima Mme, 110 (alM. mUlulin6 01'

aaumalllGlne IJuUl be ued. 1Mcontirwl ",.o(IM IIGIrW
of. ~
partner;' ,wrmiaibk prouUUd tII4l 1M pori"
ner ;, tkctated.

"-

....
."

ftee Oft

..
~I

::1

~.
1

reru-

Since Atty. Antonio C. Carton it 1010practitioner, It ie

. improper for him to U88 the Orm name "Carton and Carton .... w
. OfI"a: which indicatea th.t he ie and/or ... In partnonhlp
with hie f.ther. Evon if he Indicatea In all hie communlcatlona
that hie fathor ie already doad, the U88 of the firm name ie atill
mialoadln, boc.uae hll f.ther "'DI never hie portnor before .

to ... " Atty. A his contractecl attome,'a

I dicl not wiah to intervene in tile

tIM> IfCIUIld that couue
Decide
viafl'fdinla fair ~ment
of the cue.
.

Adient

rv

~
ANS\\"ER: Rule UN.dIe Code fA Profeuio~
~poa.
aibility proYiclel that lIJaoytr 'if~U~Un~~, ofh"l:c~wn"
,~
tlOid, ,ltd
toIIlrowny it w, uum,
tmr
.... nt If a lawyer ehouId rtftaM to Intervene in a _U)elllftlt
pr~i"',
hia ent.lIWDt to hit attorney', feel mey be II
fectLod.HOftftI', if hu alrtad,y rendered 101M valuable '"'"
k'N to the dim"
mUll be paid hi' attomey'a feee 011 tilt
buia viqlUJ"""" ""ruil, eftn if It ie lI8IIumed that he ie ditmiueocl.

01""".

G ""wo

..

..

VIII
M.y alawyor give proper advice .nd llliatance to client
oJ another I.wyer? Support )'OW'

.newer.

ANSWER: There ie nothing ",ron, with living proper

advice and auistaru:e to cliont of .nother lawyer, .. Ion, no
conOid of Intenet ie Involved .nd he dON not encroach, directly or Indiroctly, on the ~mployment or tho .. id lawyer. However, Rulo 8.02 of the Codo of Proftllllional Reflpenaibility .Uon
a lawyer, "without foar or favor, to live proper advice .nd a..
,latence to thOle lookln, rollef spinal unfailhful and ncgloctlUIcounlOl.

VI

tr

Ferilll dieriplu..., chafIN for advert.i,ing .. ala"",.

AttorMJ A aJ'IU8 that althoulh the calling card of his bllli
IK'UftWI f'lVneI lnelie.te1 hit law office and hll 1",,81 lpecialt"
the law omc. Ie located in hie trirnd'. Itore. I*ide.
ANS""ER: 11Ua .pp" .... to be a ftl"t'Umvontion oJ tIIf
prohibition 011 Impropt'l' advertJalnc. 'l'hl're ie no valid n'UIII
why the laW)W'. buaillt'llm.n I'tWnd .hnuld be handlin, out
calli", carda whim contalnl the law)'er" law office and Irpl
pt'ri.lty, evt'n if hit
II Iot.ted In hie frll'ndl ltore. Whit
makN It IRON ob,ieoctionable ie the ,tatement hie IUP,.-d
IrP

IX
What Ihould a I.wyer, ",nerally obllpteci by law to acCl'pt a rotaln'Ir, do It ho know. or lhould know thot he II not

omc.

1pt'd.Ity.

orne.

qunlll\od to nlndor tho I"KnllOrvlce nlqulrod? Explain .

ANSWER: A lawyor tholl not undertake. 1I'Plllllrvk:.
which he knowl or lhould know that he II not qualilled to

._.".AND JUDICIALmllC8

ft..nWEI'" ...--

BARI\D"

162

la

render I1Ich eervi~ if, with the ,

render. However, be ID81oIJtaiD II collaboraUng COUnae] ___
llent. hil dient. be caD the IDat.ter (Rul. l~.O,Code or~
18r who II competent on
Iional CoDcluct)
I

0'

COIDplaiDtapiut B for ClDftYindnt N. client to MUle the C818.

J)ec:ld e,
ANSWER: The complaiDt IhaII proeper. A lawyer lhoul11

not in any way communicate upon the eubject 01 controveray

.nth a party

rePl_ted ." COUMel much leu ehouId he unor compromiae 'the matter with him, but
ehoUld deal onl~ with hie CDWII8l. (Canon 9, CanoM oIProf'..
IioD8l Ethic:a, LikoDc ... Att,. Lim, A.C. No. 3149, August 11,

dertake to Deptiate
1994)

DD
When ID81 reCuule or a couue1 t.o act u counaelde ofiN
be juatiftecl on pouncIe aide from rtUOna 01health, ed.enaive
travel abroad, or Iimilar NUOQI or urpocy? Support JOUI' an-

".
.... .

..
t~

:i

......

......

II

I .

ANSWER: Other jUlti6ed poundI lor ref'uaal to act u

ClOUD- de ofldo are:

Atty. A II ofl'ored pror..,nal enppIDent to appear be. \

lore Judge B who II A.. nlati.., compaclre and former_
le ...... Ie A ethically compelledt.oref\JII the enppment? Why? !
.

ANSWER: A lawyer eba11 rely upon the merita 01 tilt

C8uee and refrain from aD1 impropriety which teDda t.o
anee, or liva the appearance of inRuenclng the court. (c13, Code ofProf'eIIional Conduct). There ia DO ethical COMtniII
apinIt a lawyer appearinc Wore a juclp who ia a relatnt,
compadre or 'ormer colleagueu lone u the lawyer a_
IiviDe the imprellioD thet be can iDfluence the Judge. OIl the
other band, the judge II required by the Code 01 Judicial eo.
duct DOt t.o tab part ill aDy proceedinc where hia impartiIIitJ
ID81be I'UIODabb queetioDecl (Rule 3.12, Code of Judicial eo.
duct). Among the IJ'OUDde ror mandat.ory disqualification oIthe
judp ia it G111 0( 1M ~
;. relative by conaanguinity
afftDity within the fourth degree.

Too maDy de offido CUll ...tped to the lawyer (eee:

People ft. DMnI, 49 SCRA 222):

ma. \
\
I

I
,
J
1

(a)

(b) Lawyer II DOt ill a position to carry out the work

efl'ectively or ClllDpet.eDt1y ("",raJ:
.
(c) La",... II prohibited &om practidnclaw
by reuoD
or IUs public omce which prohibita appearaDC81 ill court;
(el) La,.,.
II preoccupied with too
wiD epeIl prejudice t.o the DeW dieDta.

XIV

Ma, aD attorDe1 refuIe to handle a

JOUI'

m
.

Atty. K. client

filed a caae apinstAtty. B'I cUent lor pirat

~B. Afiled a disbarment

Inc the book ~ KI. K. client itt aliiend

Conrud. or iD....... <Rule 14.03, CPR>;

answer.

man,

-nc

-nc.uomey'.

C8I8I

which

tafIIe? Support

ANSWER: In c:ivil c:aee, a la.,.. may refuIe

to handle a
cue one which hal 110
buia 01' cautJe ~ KtioD. UDder the
oRb, eM ~
~
Prof_ona} Responsibility and the RuleI ~ ~
It the

Jo.inc cue. In aU probability,

J
__ ..-rRR

184

BAR

"Af.ANDJUDICIALmlICS
IN LlUIU"

UYID"--

romote or lue any groundleaa. falee

duty 0( ala~~:
.rd or consent to the sam..
unlawfUl lUll, or"
'minal caaee. except when ala
The .. me IItrue in en reon pilty
an offense. In "Ytt
IIcalled upon to deCen1&~ .. to deCend a penon mere'J:t:
cue. a lawyer
be pilty. That matter is withiQ tilt
C&UIIt he pereeivel
The client II preeumed innocent un
province of the J~dt the counsel'. duty to tee to it his di'nt~
otherwlae proven. t that hit rights are respected. and ~
aecorcIed
due P*'iU"
are meted out thould he be COIlYioot
only
the proper pena
.-.~....

or

APPENDIX A

186

XVD

~raft. a motion to dlaqualify the Judp f'rom hearina your

client.eue.

may.:= :

Republic of the Philippine.

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
~_
JUdidal Reilon
Branch
Manila

At

xv

Plaintift'

,.. a rule. why ahould an attorney not teaUty .. a "Itnt..

hIa client?
ANSWERa The undllrl)'ina realOn Cor the Impropriety lit,
lawyer anina in lurh dual capacity UN In the dlR'orenee be.
tw .. " the fuRC'tlon of a wltn_ and that 0( an advocate. 'nit
functloft of witnell II to ttlll the Cacts .. he recalla them I,
anawer to quClltionl. The t\ancUon an advocate II that lit,
partlaan. It II dlmcult to dl,UI\I\lllh betwoon the aeal or II
advocate and the cairntl.. and ImpartIAlity 0( a dlalnte .....\e4
witnNa. The lawyer will n"d It hard to dlaauoclate hla relatloa
to hie eUent .. an aUomtly and hla relaUon to the pal't.1
'I
witnNa. (AlPalo. p. UI9)
I

-"nUl-

ror

or

II,

XVI
From the viowpolnt or 108,,1 ethlca. why thould It be man.
ht\ll')' that tho public pn\!lOCutorbe pl'NC\nt at the trial or.
criminal tMO "plto tbo prellt'n,'CIor a private pn*""ltor?

Tho publk- pI\lIItltutor mUlt be p,""nt at Lb. trial or tht I

criminal ~ c1Hplto tho Pl"t'lltlMl or tho prlvato pnllltlnltlir III
onktr to 1M to It
tho ll\tol'Vtltor tho Stat. I. wt'Il-lI'lnnifd I
and prottcttlCl. ahould thCl private pn"""",tar bo Chul\d hU'kl", ,
in compcotC'1W In Pl'OIICIruth'llth. e.... Mtll"ttOvor.Ul. primal')'
dut,y of a publlt' Pl'OI(I('utorI. nut to fURViet bllt to .... lcllt
Ju.lQ II ell (Rul. 8.01, Cod. orr.-ofONlanal Ro..,IClNllbillt,vl
A. priva .. pt'CIII(It'Utor
would be n"turall)' l,to.,..tCld only In lilt
convitUon of the At'r'lIIt'd.
I

lb",

lb.'

Civil Cue No. 00.000o

B.
DttCond"nt

..... _---------.
MOTION FOR DlMqUAI.IFICATIONIINIIIIIITION

~fondnnt, by undt'l'IIll(l\od Cllllnlltll, I'Vtlpectruny mov..

and pray. tIIat the lIunorahle P""lhllnl Judlo or thll Court be
dlilqualinttd and or lnhlblt hlmlNtI( l'rum proaldln, over till.
ea... on tII0IP'o\lItd that AUy.Y. CC1tllllltllllrth" pl.lnUrr hctntln,
I. hi. nnat coulln. a rel.tlvo wllhln th. rllurlh civil d........ of
eonaa"lI'lInlty. whlrh II m"",1"",'1 ground rllr dl_I".lInta.
Uanll"hlblUon pUl'llu..nt to SM. I, flul. 131 or tho flu I.. of
Court.
WI. ":ltJt:F(.)IlR, It IIl"C111l",,II\.lIy 1I,,,yO(Ithllt U.. 11,,00,.,1,10
Proal"I". Jud .. dl_l"nUfy or Inhibit hlm .. I' l'rum p..... hlln.
over U",.. pnM'CINII"p.

I'lll'''. 1111"
A'rl'Y. Z
CoulI,",I fur l'lttr"IMlllnt
(1UI'Il"I'Il Ult No. I'll"'" and 1l.... I..... cod)

LIOALAND .JUDICIAL

BAlI UVIBWR IN

mucs

(Notice 01JI...-fnJ)
M0110N

roa 8uPPORT

PIaIntifl'duwp

PENDEHTZ UJ"E

ClDUnMI. '"I*t(ulJ,

.....

that:

1.
On 01 June 2001, plaintiff filed the 0JaIpt."" ill t.be
above-entitlecl cue pnyin., amon. othen, &bat defendan& be
ordered to live plajntifl' a monthl, IUpport;
Sir:

.
PIeaee take note that on _,
2004 at
a.m.,
UDdenipecl c:ounael wID lubmit the foregom, motion to
boaorabIe c:ourt Cor ill Clllllideration and reeoIutioa.
Att,.

the '
the ,
I

2. A. allepcI ill the CDlDpiaint.cIelencIant and plajnt.iJr

are husband and wiI., ham, been 1epJI, married 011 DecnDber 8, 1996 at the Our Lad, 0( Sorrow. ChUlCh. P... , Cit,. A
certifJeCI true copy oI'theU IIfarri.p Contract IIIhereto.uached
.. Anon -A- hereof';
3. A. at.o allepd inthe complaint. defendant hal abeDdonee! the conjupl home on January 24, 1998 without justiftable cause or reuoD, and .me. then., delendant .... (ailed to
live npport 10 the plaintiff;

Draft a motion for IUpport pe"'''';''

to be rued ill JOUr
c:1ient .. pendl", eue In the Rqion.aJ niaI Court 01 Paaay Cit,.
ANSWER:
Republic of the Philippines

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

National Capital Judicial Region
Branch
P... , City

ware,
Plainwt:
- 'teI'IUI-

z---

Civil C.... No. 00.000

---I:

4.
Tbe plaintifl'lI without any IOWCI oI'lncome .. abowD
by her aIIIdavit attached hereto u Anna -B- ~
wherea
defendant IIa medical doctor actively enppd iD the prKtice
oI'hII proIeuioa witb an avenae monthly income oIP80.000.00,
more or leu;

6. ConaicIerinc the preaent pricea 01' euential CIOIIUDOclitiea, pl.intifl' aeeda a monthl, allowance and Mlpport 01
P16,OOO.OO for her IUateDance durilll the peacleDcy 01 the iDatantcaae.
WHEREFORE, it iImoet reapectfuJl, prayed 01' thiI mo.t
Honorable Court that the cleCeDClantbe ordered to Ii" the
plaintifF a monthlJ aupport pe1Uk,. 1M 01 PIS,OOO.OO 10 be
paid at plaintiff". reaidence on or before the 10th day 01 ncb
month.
Place, Date.

ATTY.Z
CounaeI for PlaintilJ'
mp, PI'R, OR NOI., Date, Place

0( I_us,

Roll NumWr.

,.

5. I have not 8t'eed to

of Mr. Z against lila for am' ~a submisaion of the complaint
'l'aPpamayapa orBaraIl_~taX. e 8etU~ment "'ith the Lupong

-.......

Quezon City;

TIna affidavit fa be'

bftrring the Pl'OIedinga I
mg exen1t~ for the purpoae of
('()IIlplaint moo against m: bth:.Lupong 'i'appnmayapa of tho
'1 ",r. Z.
Further. amant IIlyeth naught.
In wit.neea -hereal. Iha
.1__'
\Ie hereunto Bet Ill)' hand thla
-PbiU--ppl-nee.---~ of
.2001 in Quezon Cit,y.
6.

Amant

SIS
Praft all afMa\'ll 01. ,.r\Y 10 bar ~
om..... ~dwL~~~oIyour

with

tht

~.

xx

A.~,,'"It:
'REf'l'1UJ(' OF THE

Ql'EZ\'\.~

em-

rtUUFrL,,\ES

Ilr"f\ abort rompl . t . h '

'uru'Uun to 110f\ll'd i .L '::" Wit pruyor for preliminRry InJ
n ...... rn'Clonnl Trllll Court of MunitR.

tJuntt)

S. S.

AFFl(l."\1T

*'

N~
01.. ' ....
aft h.a\-m, ~
du\y

..

."''\lI'1l

~ ...willl"", ~_ aad ..... that:

1, ani a ~,
01 No. 30

Ib",,,,,,,,,~:t

l.

....

~Ift

~Ift('i\\,\

~f.l

m tlw roa"pllinant A", roll"'1i".

,"",1I*,,'

"I~'

~ "'*"''''~\'Q, ~"'AU
\"'i\\,

...

nrllnl'h

('iI)',

I\W b~'~f.1 Mwdw Lu~

3..

REPll~I.IC O~'TIll<~1)ll1l.1l'I'INI~S
RF.(]JONAL TIUAL COl JilT
NRtil\nal ('''I,ital Judil'lal Rt'lllon
City of MlinU.

with .dd.....
in aC'C\lf'd.

l'II,lutiO'

t.ppan\l\\'apa Q(& ... ~~.:<.

,I(N",33

('MI ('111141 NI\. _ _ _._

p,

('it..y,

~f.1 and I~'''''' li\~within'N .am" &nt~'l\\' '"

1-- .-- ---------1

JUDICIALmllcs

BAIt II\'lIWt:R IN I,IC(JAL

no

coatl'J.,AIN'I'
countel .1Ie&" that:
PlalnUff. til""""
1. P1alatUr II ~.:~::::

mona;
.

2.

.nd a reaident of ..
Sta. Crua. Manila, ,,~

RizaI Avenue, Maoila

No. 12345 oI'the ftePter '''-te
IarIy clHcribecIlD lAid certb-

n:

or. parcel of land situated

'l'raJJ8fer Certificate of
01Manila aDCl more P8rticIa.

o:o,y
COV:CI)eeCIa

PlaIatill' II the

oCtitle .. CoUows:

WHEREFORE, plalntiR' pra,. thatJudpnent be rendered:

1. Upon the IUinc or the bo
aIJIOUnl.. thla Honorable Court nd ." the plaintiff In auch
iJ\junction be iMued the dell nd maylbr,. writ or prelimlnaJ7
fIOlD doinll\arther In the c:.:~nd
aU ~~
~.
hi~
the plaintiJl"'. Propert1 durinc the
Within
2.

Derendant I. the oWileror lot. aJao at R;izal AvenUe,

Manll., .cUolnl", the .rorementloned lot 01' plaintiff;

tioned

ATTY. X
COIlDlOI ror PlaintiR'
lOP, PI'R, OR NOI., DatelPlace or laue, RoD No.

5. The .. lei conetruetlon by the derendant conUnueelt

p.... nt cleepite proteetl and objeetionl 01' the plaintiff and derendant baa reIu.eed to vacate the plaintltr. property, DOtwith
atancIinc the clemanda 01 the plaintift
6. The contiauaace or the coutrudion
during the
pencIenq
the preeent Utlption wiD not only C8U8C1
and pat lnepanb1e iI\Iul')' to the plaiDtill' but and win _
complicate .,.ravate and multiply the Iaauee of thia cue;

VERUnCAnONANDCERTUnCAnON
ON NONFORUM SHOPPING

A. after beinc duly .worn. hl'reby depoae and uta:

uvuatice

Plaintiff II willi.., to poat a bood In audl amount _

~
ftxed by tbia Honorable Court. for the iaauance
the
writ or. preliminal')' bVulK'tlonel\JoiDi.., the derendant and aU
,.nona llftd.r him &om contlnui.., with hII conatruttion In
.. the plalntift'a ~ durl", the pendttnc7 or thll t'Ue;

or

Sincoe plaintiff and cM'eDclantare ftlaidenta of ditTCtrpriOl' MOrt tothe~

~ma..Wlpa
is IWC

Onierin, derendant to pay the coat or the auiL

Place, Date.

IoU;

8.

malting the injunction above-

PlalntiR' praya ror othor mea.urea or relier. that .re juat

and equitable undor the premise .

4. That on or .bout January 2, 2001, de~endant Itartecl

conat.rueUon or. bulldl", In hi. lot but tile wd conatructloa
hal encroached Into the lot or the plaintiff by about 3 Dleter.
.10", the whole extenelon or the boundar)' Une between the two

::=-~yt.

After trial,

perID;:~t.and ~rinc!.tM: derendant to relDC!V8aUme~ poata

and
,~
Wlthan the plaintitT'. lot and UpoD the
3.

a.

7.

m:r=

pe:e~

derendant.. failure to do 10, .uthorizinc plaintiff to order laid

removal at derendant'. expenaej

~hnlealI)elCriPtioD)

or

111

PRAYER

~ C.... and ..-deDlOil No.

'I'al
derendant II orlepl age l.~re he _, be aervecl with IUQa.
Avenue. M.late, .. aalla w.'"
\

___

AI'I'KNOIX A

1.

that he II the plaintilr in the aboYe-enUtIecl cue;

2. That he hal eaWlrd tho rorop",

p~pal't'd;

complaint to be

3. That he baa read the .. me and aUlIw .lleptiona 01

fuc:t tht'R,in containt'Ci are true and t"CII'red oIhia pl'I'IIOftAI knowl

ecia.""
4. That he ht'f\.by 'rtin". thna.: (a) he baa not heretorore C'Onlnl"IK"t14l .ny action or n1t'Cl any claim Involvit" \he
aamo luUM In any court, trlbunlll of'llul.. iJudidal apN')': (b)
to the ax.t ar hi. knllwlt'CI ..'C', no Cluth olhctr anion or claim II

..

APPINDIXA

111

n
D was. charpd with eataf'a bJ C before the borall6G1 for
sniaappropnaUne the proceeds or we of jewelry on commiaaiOI'- In setUement or the cue, D turned over to the 8ata1tllG1
Captain, a lawyer, the amount 01 P2,OOO.OOwith the req....t
that the Bora"llG~ CaptaiD tuna ower the money to C. SevenI
a\Ontha paaMd "'thout C hem, advilecl of the statUi 01 her
cornplRinL C contacted D who lnfonned her that she (D) had
. Ionl before turned over the amount ofP2,OOO.OOto the Bara"lf01
Captain who undertook to IP" the money to her (C). C thUi
fi}ed a cue apiDlt the Bcaran,ay Captain who at once reJDittecl
the amount of P2,OOO.OOto C. May the Baranpy Captain be
faulted administraliftly? splain.

($cd.) A
(Jurat)

.::~:=
.

BAR EXAMINAnONS IN
PRACnCAL EXERCISES

ANSWER:

X
I

...

iDdided ... murder. ,.. be b8d DO counael OIl ...

the trial court appoiDted AttJ A u hie COUNtI de

~';'Att1.
piltJ.

ductecI.

Aubel X what ... ~ stand, X aaid he WII

piItJ, Trial wu thereafter COD-

ahereupoD pJePed
"'beD the turD oIthe

came.

deCeue to preeent evideDee

A awaifest.ed that be ... DOt pl"M8DtiDI any aDd that be
IUblDittiDJ the cue for cleciIioD. praying that X plea be
JDitiptiDc. Did A~ Ks usistaDt or conduct .,.
pmdm.te the CDlllpeteDce IIDII dilipnc:e which the Code of Pro.
BeIP""tibililJ apect.ed oIhi1D? ExplaiD.
~

:siclered

f'

.......

ANSWER:

No, it is the dulJ 01 the cIef_ COUDMI when hia dieot

....
to eIlter a plea 01 aWl" to run, acquaint hillUlelC with
the ract.a aDd IUI'TOWlding circwDI&aDc:eI of the cue, advice hia
client olbia COIIItitution.J rights and the full import of a plea 01
guilty, see to it that the prescribed procedure is obeervecl, preaeDt
evicIeDce, iDduding pouible JDitipt.inc circ:umatanc:ea, 10 that
the pnc:i8e cIegree of bia client's culpability ie eatablished and
the appropriate pen.Jty ie iDlpoeed. and thUileave no room Cor
doubt that there wu a mistake or JDiaunderatanding as to the
nature of the c:lwp. to which hie client hu pleaded guilty,
Atty. A bu Callen abort of this required conduct.

Yea. The Code 01 Prof'_ional &e.ponaibUity appliel to

lawyers who are in the IOftI'Dment service. ,.. a pneral rule, a
lawyer who holds. pvemment omce may not be diac:iplined u
a member of the bar for miaconduct in the cliacharp oCbiI omce
u a pvernment oft'lCial. However, iCthat mlacondud u a..,.
emment omci.J ie 01 auch c:baract.er u to aO'eel hie qualiftca
lion as a lawyer or to show moral delinquency, then he may be
dilciplined as a member of the bar on such lJ'Ound. (Dinlay VI.
Cioco, 264 SCRA 703 (1996)). In the cue of Pentec:oatea VI.
YbaA-. 30 SCRA 281 (1999), a bora"IlG1 captain who failed to
remit for sevem months the amount gi'VeD to him for an obIip
lion wu found to hlft YioIated the Code of ProfeuioDal Con
duct.

m
A town mayor ...

indic:t.ed for homicide t.hrouch reckJ_

!'iI

imprudence arisine from a 'Vehicular ~ccident. May

Catherin-law who is a laW)'el' and a Sanggunian, PanlalaW1pD member represent him in court? Reason.
ANSWER:

Yea. Hi. father.in-law may represent him in court. Under

the Local Government Code (ItA. 7180), a member or the

171

VI

C ftled verifted admlnlltrative complaint against Atty.

D.1n the CIOUI'IIe of'the iDveatiptioll, C p..... nted an affid.vit of
deaiatance which abe ideoti6ed OIl the witneea atand. What
coune
action ahoWd the iDveaUptor tab? Explain.

or

IV

AttJ. A ... CouDd pilt, 01 iDcIirect contempt ~y the Be.

Ilona) Trial Court and I1IIIUDAril.J IUlpeDded indefinitely f'roIIi
the practice 01law. AttJ. A .ppealed to the Supreme Court. la
bia .ppeal meritorious? ReuoDI.

.,.,..1a

ANSWER: HiI
meritorioua. A perIOD cannot be
IUIIUIW'iJJ pen.li ..... fOr iDdinc:t contempt. In inclirec:t CIJD.
tempt, the law ~
that there be charp in writinc duJ,
ftled in court and an oppwtmUt, to the penon cbarpd to be
beard ." him"" CII' COUDIel

or .ppearance

u CO\IJIo
ae1 for the aCICUIed y after the pnJIeCUtiOD rested ita case. The
reuon Cor the withdrawal 01 AttJ. X wu the Cailure or the
accuaecl Y to aJ6z his conCormit, to the demand of Atty. X for
IDcreue in attorDey'l Ceea. Ja the P'OUDd for withdrawalJUJti.
fled? EzpIaiD.
ANSWEB: 'l'be

p'OIIDd

. .

cue.
VB

At.ty. E entered the .ppearaDCII U_leI for the defend-

ant F in cue pendi", baCorethe RetPon.1 Trial Cow\. F later

complaint that he did DOt .uthorize Atty. E to appear before

v
. AttJ X filed DOtice oIwitbdrawal

ANSWER: Tbe iDveaUptar IhouJd contbsue with the investiptioD. A dlabarment II"' ceedi", Ia "" ..,MrW, neither
civil nor crimiDal actioa. AaIUCh, deIi".nee by the complainant iI unimportant. The CUlIDaJ proceed reprdleu or iDtereat or lack 01 iDtereat 01 the complainant. <Rayoe-Ombac ft.
Rayoe, 285 SCRA 93 (1998. If the evicleDCe on record w....
ranta, the reapoodent maybe IUlpencled or diabarred repniIe.. oCtbe deaiatanceofthe complainant. Ofcoune, iCthe complainant refuaea to t.eatify and the charaH C8DDOt then be aubatantiated, the colU't will have DO alternative but to dlamiaa the

fOr the withdrawal

him. F moved that the court IUlpend Atty. E from the pncticI
oflaw. May thejudp p-ant the motioD? Esplain

ANSWER: The judp ma,. p-ant the motion. Unauthorized .ppearance Ia. pound (or IUlpeDlioD or disbarment. (Rule
27, Rule 138, Rwea otCourt)
VID

is justified.

Rule 22.01(e) or the Code 01 Pror-aidaal Responsibility p~

Yidea that .1a"'1DIlJ withdraw hia ... ,ices wheD the dieD'
deliberately
Cai1s__to ;.._
..,. 'l'be ..
b L:.

com"'"
with aL.
.... eemces
or '.:1.
...... til
.,.~
-- ... __ acreelDeDt. Inthis case, the client bat

(.)

What ia champert.oua contrad? Is it nlid?

(b) DistiDpish betWMD

contiDgmt fee contntt.

champertous cootrad and

.

171

Al'PENDIXA

A.~
(a)

-ere-

tID

A~

ClIIDIIud _

:&0
:,

traCt iI one "'here the Ia

GO bit 0\\11 account and to"nt
receh"e .. his fee a ~rtion oI~

the elq.eI m -It iI('ODtrarY to public ~

plCae. fI- ~~
_ fidudar1 relationabip llIH._~
iInaIid beca- it ~
tBautista ft. Gonl8Iea,
1M
aDd _ ~
it iIlftlliDl in the cue With
151 (1990)), III ~eci ......Ik 1bfpndiceoflawilaDrot__,tIIe

1s2-~

Ia.,..

apectatioDllmdDtCal"'-aDd DOt a __
'ftDtUJ'e.
(b)

CIIJIltiD&eDt fee ClDDtraet illD agreement in "._.

usuaD1. a &sed percentage or what
be
8dioD. it made to depend upon the suctesa_
eDloree ,. cWeDCl the dient'. right It is YIIid

lila,.

apeemen~ It it difl'erent Iiom a champertous contract in tbit

the lawyer doea not undertake to shoulder the upenaea of'the
litiptioD.

II
(a)

estate ~~cb is not his c:lit'nl Atty. H has no richt to

eseraM a reta,mnKlien

Define an attomey'. retaining lien.

G ... appointed admiDiatratrix of the estate of her

deceued father. She eappI the services of Atty. H as her
penonaJ CIDUDIel to represent her ill court proceedings. G later
di.ecbarpd the aenices II Atty. H. Invoking his retaining lieD.
~
H retained documeDtt bearincOll the estate of the decedemt
"bich were eatrulted to him by G. is Atty. W.retention of the
doeumeD .. justified? ExpIaiD.
(b)

ANSWER:
(a) A retaininc lien it the right of an attorney to retaiD
the f\mda. documenta and papera of his c:lient which have law.
fUlly come into hit PH Ulion until hi. lawful fees and disbursemen .. have beea paid and to apply .uc:h fund. to the
IIU.factioa thereoI. (See. 37, Rul.l38, Rules of Court)
,(b) The retention of the documents in this c:8IIOis not
JUIlifted, Atty, H wu the peraona) counllOlofG He was not the
couneel of the .... te 'MI d
' .
_,
the decede
.
ocumenta bearing on the estate III
nt enlruated by G to him are not properties of G but

over such document..

X

(a)

State the exception to the rule that the negIipDce of

the c:ouuel binda the clienL

(b)

atea nine

Ia:;:" :-

:n:m:
the

-----

of ~

177

Section 20, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court

(9)

eD~

duties of' attorneys. Give at least three of them.

ANSWER: (a) It is wen-settled that the neglipIH:e of

counael binda the cllenL The exception is where the rec:kleaa or
Il'Ol8 negligence of c:ounsel deprives the client of due proc:eu of
law or where Ita application resulta In the outri&ht deprivation
of one'. property through a tec:hnic:ality (Salonp ft. CA. 269
SCRA 6M (1997), or when the applic:ation of the general rule
wiD result In serious irUu.tic:e. (San MiI'lel Corporation VI.
Lagueama, 236 SCRA 595 (1994)
(b) Under Sec:. 20, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court, it is
the duty of an attorney:
(1) To maintain allqianc:e to the Republic: 0( the
Philippines;
'(2) To maintain the' respect due to the courta of
justice and judicial otnc:er;

(3)

To course or maintain BUc:b actions or proceed-

iDp only .. appear to be just, and such defeoeea only as

he believes to be honestly debatable under' the law;

(4) To employ, for the purpoae of maintaining the

eaulet confided to him, .uch mea ... only .. are consistent
with truth and honor, and never leek to mi.lead the judp
or any judlc:laI omc:er by an artifICe or I'alIe 8tatement of
fact or law;
(5) To maintain inviolate the confidence, and at
every peril to himselr, to preterve the aec:ret o(~ ~n~
and to ac:c:eptno c:ompensation in connec:tion With hie c:lient'. bUllne .. except from him with hiB Imowledp and
approval;

OAR RJVIEWER IN

118

LOALAND

JUDICIALmllC8
111

n from aU offensive personality. &I\cl

(6) 1b .betal didal to the honor or reputation
to
, advIlnce no .fad Prf'J:le88 required ~Y ,the Justice of ~,
purty or Wltn088. U
barged'
"I\!
, CGUIlt with which be i1I e,
.

t.o encoura~ either the ~mmenceDlent CIt

., Ute continuance of an action or p~mg
or delay any
""rrupt motive or interest;
. : ',. mans cause. from anv
,y"v
.

, "
1"
(8) 'Never t.o rejeet. Cor
coDlideration P8rIonal
~ himself. the cause oCthe defenseless or o~Pl'e88eclj,
(7) . Not

any

(9) 'In the defense of a pel'8On ac:cueed of a crime. by

'all fair and honorable means, regardless or hie P8I'8onal
opinion .. t.o the guilt of the aecueecl, to present fYer7
defense that the law permits. to the end that no person
may be deprived of liCe or liberty, but by due proce .. G(
law.

1
-

'

. I

"

, .,.'.

XI

",

..
...

....
::
L

....

, Atty. J requested Judge K to be the principal sponsor 81

the 'Wedding of his IOn. Atty. J met Judge K a month before the
IBP-sponaored reception to welcome Judge K into the commu
'oity, and having leamed that Judge K takes hie breakfast 81
the cofl'ee shop Dear hie (Judge Jrs) boarding house, Atty. J
made it a point to be at the coffee shop at about the time that
Judge K takes his breakful COmment on Atty. rs acta. Do they
violate the Code ofProfeuional Responsibility?

ANSWER: Yea,hie action violate the Code ofProfesaional

Responsibility. Canon 13 of the said code provides that a lawyer
~all rely upon the merita of hie cause and refrain from any
impropriety which tends to inOuence, or gives the appearance
of influencing the court. Rule 13.01 of the same Code providel
that .Ia~er
shall not extend extraordinary
attention or
hospitality to, ~k opportunity for, cultivating familiarity with
Judge K by bemg at the coffee shop where the latter takes his
bre~~t,
~d extending extraordinary attention to the judge
by tnYlang him to be a principalsponlOr at the wedding of his
SOD.

xu
M was criminally charged 'th
tried to engage the services~ Aviolation of a special law.
bOW8vet that M II guilty
tty. N. Atty. N believed,
Would be ethical for Atty. ;:
dediDecl.

lie

it

to-=~~t;.~.be

D"'e~:i?r::el~eUlofd
ProDot,.be!thicaI
for Atty. N to decline.
p1U

leeatonal ResPOnsibility providea

that a lawyer ahaU ~ decline reJ)re8eDt a peI'IOD solely OIl
account
of the "latter s raCle,
au creed or "-0..of""

UR_ '
........
we, or beca use
of ~ own OpWOD re._
the guilt of said persoD. It ia for
tbeJudge. n~t the lawyer,.to decide the guiltoftheaccuaed, who
ia presumed umocent until hie guilt ia proved beyond reuoaable
doubt by procedure recognized by law.

to

DII
In a pending labor case, Atty. A 6led a Position Paper OIl
behalf of his client, citing a Supreme Court cue and quoting a
portion or the decision therein which he stated reflected the
ratio did.endi. However. what be quoted wu not actuaIlJ the
Supreme Court ruling but the UJIUDeIlt of ODe of the parties to
the c:aae. May Atty. A be faulted administratively? ExplaiD.
ANSWER: Yes he may be faulted adminiatrativel,. A lawyer owes candor, fairness and aood faith to the court. Rule 10.02
of the Code or Professional Conduct expreal, provicI.- that a
lawyer shall not knowingly misquote or misrepresent the c0ntents or a paper, the languap or the UJUIDent of oppoeinc
counsel, or the text of the dec:ilioDor authority, or ImowiJIIIy
cite .. law a provision already reDClered inoperative by repeal
or amendment, or assert u a fact that which bu DOt been
proved. To cite an UJUIDent of one of the parties u a ratio
did.endi or a Supreme Court decision shows. at leut,lack of
diligence on the party of Atty. A. (Commiaioo OIl EJectioaa ft.
Noynay, 292 SCRA 254 [1998D.
IIV
Before be joined the bench. Judie ~ was a
Judge J resumed writing a weekly column 1ft Ioeal
In hie column, Jucip J wrote:

;::.m-,w.
paper.

IVD
Your c1ieDt COIDaI to J'IIa ""Dplaininc tha& '01 bia
bui)cliDC baa .......
to ~te
the
premiIea deIpite b
espiratioD oltbe CIIIIltnd olleue which
DOlruewecI, aDd
claaPiw clalDUldt to ~te. Be ub J'IIa to iDidaIe IeplIldiaD.
.,...,.,.

the Me

,a., ""DpIaiaL

ANSWER:

REPUBUC OF THE PHILIPI'IlIo"ES

NATIONAL CAPlTALJUDIClAL REGION
METROPOIJTAN TRIAL COURT
MANILA

,
..

CMLCASENO.
For. Unlawful DetaiDer

s
....

XVI
Before hie appoiDtmeDt 10 the judidarJ .Judp K wu the
Mmlniatralor 01 the lata .. 01h. IeCOIId couain. After Jolnlnl
the Judiciary. could .Judp K CIOIIUnue 10 be the admlnlatrator?
EapJain.

ANSWER: No .Jud.. K may DO lon,.r continue 10 be the

admlniatrator or the latate 01 h. IeCOIId couain. Rule 6.08 fA
the Code ol.Judic:Ial Conduct prcwIdea that: "YQ) Judge ,IuHIM

coMPLAINT
A. throup the uncIaniped CDUDMI, to \hie Hoaorable
Court reapectluJJy aJIepe:
____

1.

~"!~~
~- ~~:n\
der_.\

Plaintirria ollepl ....

Manila, while

VI

or

..........

I.

rA_---

IiDII and.

resideDt
ID*1 :. .rved ,nth IUJDlDOIII-

APPENDIX"

Manila. where L_

...

Manila, SePtember 23, 2000.

. tiffil the owoer of. commercia) b~

PlaiD Menil .. which the detendant baa lea__,
ill

..,.;IUF from August 1 --..q

odoffiveyean----,1995
for. pen."lu
tel ofPl 000,000.00, pursuant to ~
at. monwr.q reD
.,i.ot.ocoPY oftegral
which is hereto
teD contract or lease. a __ ..1_
art 1.
at.
tacbecluADDel.A. and
an m
P ..... ~

ATl'Y.X

2.

..
t

S. The uid contract or lea8e expired on July 31,

2000, and baa not been teD8wecL
"
Delplte the espiratioD of the laid contract fit
hu unJawfull1 fai)ecl and refuJed to vacate tile
ume' ~pite demancla oftbe plaintiff. A photocopy oCtile
Jut demand, dated August 5, 2000 and received by tile
defendant on the same elate or more than five (6) da,.
prior to the fUing of bia complaint ia hereto attached ..
Annes "8"' and made integral thereof;

rr

--,.
..

'.

_.~

6.
Due to the defendant'a adamant refusal to va.
cate the 1eaaecl premiaes. plaintiff has been compelled to
initiate the auit and to incur upeDH8 in the amount fit
P50,OOO.OO uide from costa ofthe aWt;

...,
n

8. PrIor to the IIliDI oCthii complaint, thia cIiapute

w.. brou,ht to the Luponc Tappamayapa
of B8I"8DpJ
_____
, where the Ieaaed premia .. Ia located,
but DO settlement wu arrived at II evideneed by the CertifleatiOD to File ActioD iaaued by the Barangay Chairman, copy or which ia hereto attac:hed aa Anna "C"
hereof.

C
L.

....

..-..

WHEREFORE, it is respectfully prayed that after due

bearing, judgment be rendered ordering the defendant and aD
peraona actiDc uDder him. to vacate the aforementioned leased
premiaea and turrender poalelliOD thereof to the plaintiff. aDd
to pay the plaintift'the amount of PSO,OOO.OO .. and for ~ttor...,.. f'eea, plua COIla auil

or

PlaIntifl'praya Cor auch other reliefs .. may juat and equitable UDder the premiaea.
)

CouDael for the

Addreaa
mp OR No.

Plaintiff'

Manila'

Januuy 6, 2000

Pl'R No.

January 5, 2000

.
Manila

..'

RoUNo.
.'

VERIFICATION

..... B

113

AND CERTIFICATION

REpUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

CITY OF MANILA

)
)

S. S.

A. after being duly IWOrn in accordance with la~, b~reby

depose and state.:
.'
.
.
1.
That he it the plaintifl'in the above.. ntitled eaee and
baa cauaed the foregoing complaint to. be prepared;

2. That he hereby certifi .. that he hat not heretofore

commenced any action or rued any c:laim involving the .. me
iuuea before any other court, tribunal or quasi- judicial agency,
that to the best of hit kIlowledge, there it no auc:h pendiq
action or claim, and that if he should hereaR.er learn that the
ume or timilar action or c:1aimhas been flied or it pending, he
aball report tuch fact within five (5) dayt therefrom to th.ia
Honorable Courl
Manila, September 23, 2000.
A

Affiant
SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE me thia_

2000, the affiant exhibitiq

to me herlhit CommunityTu Certificate No.
_
_uedu
~
_
day of

LANllJl'l)Il~lALmllC8
BAR U\"",,,,1t IN ~

11M

AI'I'KNIlIX A

NOTARY l'UUl.le
14 yeu", or

tllCl Ilccu8C!d.
Doe. No. _--'
Pap No. __
Book No.

-:

and daughter

or Z. tho common law IPOUIIe

Contrary to law.

Manila, September 23, 2000 .

or

Seriee 012000.
A

XVIII

Public Proeecutor

. ror rape or. 17-year old girl COlli.

Prepare an information use or her mother warranti",
w
mitted by the common-la ~Ity. (Do not use your name on
th
the imposition or the dea pe
the Information)
ANSWER:

CERTIFICATION
Thials to certifY that preliminary invetJtiption hal been
conducted in the above-entitled case, and tIlal. on the baaia or
the evidence prelented, tIlere is reuonable ground to believe
that tile offense charged haa been committed and tile accused i.
probably guilty thereof.

THE PHILIPPINES
NA:~~~ALJUDICIAL
REGION
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

Manila, September 23, 2000.

A

MANILA
PEOPLE OF THE

PHIIJPPINES,
CMLCASENO.
For: Rape

- vel'lU8-

SUBSCRIBED
AND SWORN TO BEFORE me I.hl.
-:' day or
2000, the affianl. exhibiting to
DIe herlhis Community Tax Cert.iticale No.
issued at
on __
....
__

PlaiDtifI',

.
.

RRO,

1116

NOTARY PUBLIC

ll-------------ll
INFORMATION
'l11e underaiped Public Prosecutor ror the City ofMIlIIi1a,
8CCU1IM X oftbe crime or Rape committed 88 follows:

hereby

Tbat OD or about 10:00 p.m., of July 4, 2000, at his bouse

iD
, 'lbado, Manila, and withiD the jurisdiction 0( thia HoDOrabIe Court, the said accused. by means of
repeated blows to the stomach, whlcb rendered the victim WICODIdouI. did then aDd tbere,1rillfuUy, unlawfully and feloniCIUIly, have canuallmowJedae ofY, who was then a miDor cbild.

Doc. No.
PageNo.
BookNo.
Series or 2000.

_
_

APPENDIX.

187

doiq::

...
APPENDIXB

r..

r,.
.

..

r..

..,

GEORGE WASHINGTON'S
RULES OF CMUTY

6. Read DO letten boob,

.,hen there is a IMiCellity ~
papers in company; but
ot near the boob 01' wriH..JOUmuataskleave.Come
II
ed abo look
of Ul,yODe 10 as to read them
unask i
DOt Dip when another is writiDc a letter.
7.
Let JOUrha count.eDuee be plea,.nt, but ~ aerious
lIl_tters IOmew t .... ve.
8.

Show DOt.JOW'lelf

thOUP be were 1OW' eDem,y.

elad at the

miafortuDe of8DOther.

9. They that are in dipity or oftice have in aD placee

precedency. but w~ they are JOUIII. they oucht to respect
th088 that are thell' equals in birth or other qualities, thouch
the)' have DO public dwp.
10. It is aoocl manners to prefer them to whom we .peak
ounelvee, "1*iall1 it'they be above WI, with whom in
DOIOrt we ought to begin.

berore

11. Let your di8courae with men olbuain ... be ahort and
(OMprehenah-e.

.....
..

..

..,
..

12. In ",aiti", the alck do not preeently play the ph)'Ildan 'fyou be not bowi", therein

Ii'"

13. In writi", or 1pMki",

to eYel'1 ~reon hi. due
title Il\lNlnc to hiB~
and the CUllom or the plat'e.
14. SUi,.. not withJOW' au.,.riora iIla'1\lmtent., but ai.~ .. 8ubmit ywr judpwnt .., othtrs with mod~
1t\. Undt'.uk.. not .., \Mdl Y\'UI' equal In the art he him...lf~
it .. 'ft)ftola~~
16. \\1wn a 1lW\ ~ all ht ca. ~"" it ~
not
_U. bla"'" "',. him that did ,\.
1'7. Bt'ina to aely' .. 01' ... p",h.ncl a1'l)"OM. ~n8iel."
_tWthH' It ou,ht to be ill publit or ill pri\'at.. lM'"C'ntly or at
...",w ('tMr tim.. alto In .hat "'"'" to do It; and in 1\'I)I\Wi'"
tho... "" ~"N ol ~""". but ct." It _ith ~
and mlldncw.
It\. N,lC\"''' 1lt.lI'iN' at &l\)'thl'" ol Impo.~
~ ..
DOjHta that .... aha", or blU~ and if Y'* ""'mer 81~'th""
_1,\). or pl... Mnt lwtaln ~_la~""ll\I
tN ...., you .... lr.

:.

I.

19. \\'htlrt'ln

you rt'PI"I)Yt ,!\I,tht'r be ullblnmnblo

You

,,
Ie I. __ prevA1en&thin prm'pt.
r.
If I1,IiII' fl ..
mp .. II....
u_ no """'roRchtul1angullP
agnl1l8t anyono ,
,OF
20
ther tunel nor revUinC'21. Be not haJt1 to belieVe flying reporta to the diepar.

32. Dotract not I'rom

cOl1l1110nding.

othen, but 1Iei&her be aceuive in

33. Go not thither where

be welcome or not. Oi" DOt
,vhen d8ll1red, do it L..!_A
IInell1-

.r"~WIthout whether
you.haD
heine liked' aDd

.. ment of ,nyone.
22. In your appartl be modeIly, an~ en~eavor to aceon..
modate nature rather thaD procure ~~mU'8tion. Keep to the
fuhiOD of your equals. such 81 are CIvil and orderly with re-

I,ndill'erent be of the

aped to time and plact.

23. Play DOt the ~.)ooking
everywhere about YOU
to see if JOU be weI1 ciecked. if your ahoeI fit well, if YOUr
atockings eel neatly and eJothe8 handsomely.
24. Aa&ociate yourself with men of good quality if you
esteem your OWD reputatiOD. for it is ester to be a one than ill

ask not how they came. What

bad company.
25. Let your conversion be without
or envy, for~
ble
isaip of tractable and COIDDlenda nature; and in all call8e8
of passion adJDit reaaon to peru.
26. Be not imJDOdest in urging your friend to discover I

wee

aeeret.

27. Utter not bale and frivolous things amongst grown

and leamed JDeD, nor very difJjeu)tquestiOlll or aubjectl amongst

the ignorant, DOl' thinP bard to be believed.
28. Speak not of doleful thinl' in time of mirth nor at
the table; apeak not rImelancholy things, .. death and wounda;
and if othert mention them, change, if you can, the dilCOune.
'ThU not you dreamI but to ,our intimate friend
29. Break not a jell when none take pleallure in mirth.
Laugh not aloud, DOl' at aU without occalon. Derive no man',
milfortunet. thouIh there IfeID to be lOme caUIe.
30. Speak not injurious worda, neither In Jellt or eaml!lt.
&011' at none, although thfy live oc:culon.
31. Be not forward. but liiendlyand COUrtooU8. the ant
to .. lute. hear and answer, and be not peMivt when It I.ti""
to

con"''''.

34. If two contend ~

unconstrained. and be DOt
~te

DOt

YKIe

.'

'

take DOt the put fl either

==

illJOW' opiDjoD; ill tbiD8I

35. Reprehend DOt the im....J. .

belongs to parents, muten, aDd
rJ othen, Cor that
36. Gaze not on the marb

friend deliver not before ~

or blemiIbea fi odlen. ud
may apeak in BeCret to JOUl'

__
m c:ompany, bu t .m
37. Speak not in an unbown t_'
your own ~
and that u tboae rJ quality do. and not u
the vulgar. Sublime matters treat eeriously.

3.8. Think before you 8pe8k; proDOUDC8 DOt imperf'eetly,

nor bnng out your words too butily, but orderly ud diatinctly.
39. When another apeab, be attentive youneJC, and diIturb not the audience. If IIl1 hesitate in his words, help him
not. nor prompt him without bem, delired; interrupt him not,
nor answer him till hia Ipeech be enclecL
40. Treat with men at fit timel about bull.... and whisper not in the company of otherL
41. Make no comparilOU; and if IIl1 of the company be
commended ror any brave act ofYirtue. commend not another
rorthellme.
42. Be not apt to relate neWI if JOII knoW not the truth
thereof. In dlllCOunina ofthi .... you have heald, name not JOIII'
author alw8)'1. A BeCret dilcoftr not..
43. Be not eurioul to knoW the affalll of othell, neither
approa('h to thole that .peak In private.
44. Undertake not what you cannol periJnni but be ca....
ful to keep your proml .

LGALAf'lDJUDICIAL
118

mIles

BAR RVIJVlE1l IN

Al'PENDIX8

another be unblamable

19. Wherein you re~ent

thaD precept.

Ie IImore p
.
181f, for exalDP
roaeh(ul language agamst anyohe, IIei.
20 UII8 no rep
th
nor revilinp.
er CUrll8l
to believe flying reports to the diaPtr.
21. Be no
"
apment of anyone.
ocl- and endeavor to
22. In your apparel be ~Y~dmiration.
Keep '::
modate nature rath~~ ~
~ are civil and orderly 'Nith re.
fuhion of your equa .. , au
apect to time and place
ac:ock looking everywhere about You
23. Play not
.\:eked 'If your ahoea fit well, if YOIIr
to see if you be we
... ' he daomely.
atockinp eet neatly and clow.ea n

24 AaIociate yourself with men of good quality if JQQ

eateem your own reputation , for it IIeater to be a one than ill
bad company
26. Let your conversion be without malice o~ envy, for it
ia aip of tractable and commendable nature: and m all C8uaee
of paulon admit reuon to pvem.
28. Be not immodest in urcing your friend to cliacover I
a

..

:' ~

,.

~
.
I'
'

..
~
1-

=..
LJ

.........
w

-..

1.

You.,

U;

aecret.
27. Utter not baae and frivoloua thinp ~onpt
IJ'OWD
and loarnod men, nor very diJJicult questionl or IUbjectlalDOllpt
the iporant, nor thinp hard to be believed.

28. Speak not of doleful thinp in time or mirth nor It

the table; apeak not ofmelancholy thinp, u death and wounda;
and if othen mention them, wnp,
if you can, the dlacoune.
'lbll not you dreama but to your intimate frienda.
29. Break not a jest when none take pleuure in mirth.
Laugh not aloud, nor at all without oc:caaion. Derive no man"
mlsfortunea, though there aeem to be lOme cause,
30. Speak not Ir\lurioua words, neither in jest or earnetl
Scoff at none, although they give oc:caaion.
31. Be not forward, but friendly and courteoua, the ftnt
to salute, hear and answer, and be not pensive whon it IItime
to convene.

32. . Detract DOt from othen. but Dei"a- be

. ,_
COJIlIDeoding.
.......
GCeU1ve UI
~..:._ Go no::Gi~where
you know not whether you ahaJl
be we .....~e or .
we DOt advice without beine uked' and
"beD de8lrecl. do It briefly.
'
34. .If two contend together, take not the part of either
gDCOnstralnecl. and be not obatinate in your opinion; ill thinp
incIifI'erent be 0( the ~
aide.

36. Reprehend not the imperfectlon or othen, for that

belonp to parente. mutera, and IUperiors.
36. Gaze not on the lDar" or blemishes

or othen,

and

ask not how they came. What you may apeak in secret to your
friend deliver not before others.
37. Speak not in an unknown tonlUe in company, but ill

your own languap: and that uthOll8of quality do, and not u
the wlpr.

Sublime matten treat aerioualy.

36. Think before you .peak; pronounce not imperfectly,

nor bring out your words too hutily, but orderly and diltinctly.
39. When another speake, be attentive YOW'Mlf,and cliI-

blrb not the audience. If any hesitate In hie words, help him
Dor prompt him without being deaired: interrupt him not,
nor answer him till hie apeec:h be ended.

DOt,

40.

Treat with men at fit timeaabout bualneu, and whie-

per not in the company of othen.

41. Make no comparilona; and if any of the company be

commended for any brave act of virtue, commend not another
forthe .. me.
42. Be not apt to relate neft if you know not the truth
thereof. In discouning ofthinp you have heard, name not your
author always. A secret discover not.
43.

Be not curioua to know the affain of others, neither

approach to thoee that apeak in private.

44. Undertake not what you cannot perform; but be careful to keep your promise.

JIO

deJiyer. matter, do it without P8Mion ~

45. Whea.JOG
.La __
may be you do it 10
Ind~
bow"'" __ I.IJII' ..... --
46.

IUperiorS talk CD anybody, bear

Whea,aar

Deicher apeak JIll 1suP47. III diaputlll be DOt 10~

tbea.;
APPENDIXC

~ ~elcome ~ DOt 10

lift liberty to..m one to deliYer ~ optmon. and ~

to the
JadIment rAthe ..,q,r ~ .. pecially if tbe1 are judpe ~ the

REPUBUC OF THE PHlLIPPL'\U

SUPREME COURT

da.p.n..
48.

airftl, JIll

MANILA

Be AOt t.edioUl irJ cI~,

~
not many ~
~
o&n the.....,. matter of d..coune.

..u of the atMnt.

it

w unjud.

OCTOBER 23, 1991

49.

Speak

60.

Be AOt 1lItVT- table, wbat.eYer h.lppena; and it ,_

.~

IiO

haft,...,. to be.~

~n,

(I1r

cheerful ~
F..c'Idhumor make. one ~

it AOt; paton.

itlhere be ~"".

if.

Dr"

6L Sd
yourtelf -' the upper end f1f &he table; but
k ~",,,,
the ~
u( &he WAllIe ..m haft it 10, Jft1enII
Mt, lee 1'IIIIIIwMld ."..catAe &he CTIIIIf1IMJ1.

--

M
.. ..;riow.._-iITo
... ,

y,"'_

fa

1rJfJ ~

RQIIIt_

of ~
tIr m. au.ribut.eIt, Id. it be
ad brmrK, and ~
1'1UI' natural J*.

Gv.-JLDIES:
QUarED HEREU1't1>ER, rOK YOL1l L'I'OIUIATION
IS A RESOLL'TIOS or THE COL"RT EN BA.~C DATED
TOBER 22, 1991

oC.

February

A. Le& 1W' ~JM

M. ...._ Ih Mtp
~lUeoJWo-~.

brf:Ut that little

or PRESIDiZ't'T
11, 1991

no orcllnary clay _

the Jle.gionaJ

Trial Court of KaniJa, particuJarty Brudl 35 tbereol. CaJeD.

bit lJLIII1IuJ, Mt.wuJ.

aJjy~ iAyrlW

or THE
CORAZOS C. AQL'INO'S
LIBELCASE.-

"'R.E: LIVE TV A.''D RADIO COVERAGE

JlEAlIDiG

hearinc that day Criminal Cue No. ~1915,

eat.itJed "Peap1e fA the Pbilippinea YL Luia BeltnD. and JCbed.
aJed to t.eRi1y (or the proMCUtitJD .... IiO .... dw1 Her EJCeI.
leney, Praidmt Coraz.oD C. AquirJo.

eland u

IJI8tk fA

UptJD prior permi.IIioo IOUCbt ud obWDed by ~

.Iud,. Ramoo M.abriar, the bearinc ... held _ the.as .,.
haJJ O(t.he M.aoiJa Cit.y CouDCiJ to ICICO"'mcA.te the Wp audj.
ence. The proc:eedinp ...... telecart 1m by reftr'8l teJeriMa
IltaUou,.ludce Makuiar hariDl.,.m.ed on rtbruarJ 7, 1991
the requea 0( MI. Ida Varpa fA the Pre.identiaJ Broeda ..C
Stall' CDteleviae the proceediDP ill raid cue.

r.

The day after the trial. 8edaI Bept eMDtatift AIWrO A.

Borjal wrote Chief Jurtice Marcelo B.
lamefttmc the

renwa

Itl

I.

ral teJevilioD stationa ottbe court

live covenae by teve
ted that:
inp. III his letter, BoJjal sta

PI'oc:eecI.

-x J: J: in the UDited States ~d o~er delll~

countries, live TV and radio coverage .. Itrictl! Prohibited
UDder their Rules of Court- For audl p~
.~
to
UDdermine the intelril1 ot aud decorum m JUdicial )Ito.
ceediDp..

Tbua, BoJj81 requested:

"For I reaction to this letter 10 that, ifdeemed
aary, I could initiate the remediallegillation.

On February 14, 1991, the Supreme Court En

nece..

Bane: re.

quired Judge Mahsiar to CIOIDIDeIlt OIl the letter of Co~

IDID 8oJjal. Complyinc therewith. Judge Makaaiar stated

that .... had never asked. invited or requested ..,

to cover the
Court'. proceedinp. WI When a repreaeotative from Malaca61J1C
IOUIht permiaaion to televile the proceedinp, he rranted the
requeat 00 the condition ~t only the uaua) video roolape
would be taken olthe proc:eecfinp ror DeWS PW'pOle8. "It tunJe4
out that the entire proc:eedinp ... telecaat live to the public.

the out

let

media IDID whether print, broadcast, or telecast,

Nonethelesa, Judge Mahsiar remarked that be .... not

aware ol any law, rule ol court. CII' Supreme Court decisioa
picleliDe CII' declared policy. 11is-a.w., the live 1V and radio
CIOftrap olcourt triala. However,8eCtiona 4, 7, and 14(2)o(the
BiD 01 Righta (Articl. III) ol the 1987 Conatitutioo guarantee
the lreedam 0( Ipeech, of apreaaion, and olthe press; the richl
ol the people to inrormatioD 011 matten ol public concern; IDII
the riIht olthe accuaecl to public trial, re.peetiveJy. The implied
aua-tiOD ol Coacr-aman BoIjaI to beD live 1V and I'8IIio
CDI"enp ol court triala IDI1 be olFensive to theae constitutional
hecloma and right&."
.

He rmther observed that ~ justice aystem in the PbiIi~

be compared with that olthe United States riicb

pIneS cannot

...... c
1...
..... a.a.t.
....

_opts the jury I7Iteaa. Memben of

or"bom with low education, aDd ~
jW')' Ire la)'Dlea, lOme
lIlotion, sentimenta, comme
rore euUy inf1ueoced by
~
frailties. In the Pbili~~ or~e~ people, and other hu
ctges wbo are learned in the ~~t
ia administend. by
mandated to atate dearly ~~.
and are CODatitu&be law on which their premo.
cliatiDctJy the I'acta and
.,_..d."
''DCementaand judgment are

!:,oall1

'Ib strea hi. ~t, Judp Makaaiar cited the U.s. Su.
preme Court d~ion ID~ tase, "Richmond Newapapen.I~,
et aI. VI. VlJ'Iinia, et at which, &moneothe ... atated that A
trial courtroom II a public place where the ~ple aocI the
~presentativ~
ormedia. ~y,
have a right to be pre&eDt,
and where. their .PftIe'DCehas been historically thought to eobance the mtegrity and the quality 0( what takes pIace..
"'Tbe reIpODie to the letter o(Con,reuman Borja) ahouIci
nat be to atrictly prohibit live 1"and nclio coverap 01juclicial

proceedinp but to pracribe ruleI and I\lidellnes ror electronie

media coverap orcourt triala, thua IUhmitted Ju.
Makuiar.
He further lugHted that an ad It committee be rormed to
draft the necea&rJ ruleI and ,wdelinet on this matter ror
wbmission and CIODIicleratioa oCthe Supreme Court Ell ~.'
The propriety 0( crantinc or denyinc pennissioG to tile
media to broacIcut. record, or pbotopaph court ~
involves weighinc the ClDDltitutioDal

cuarantees

01 frHdom 0(

the press,' the right oCthe public to informatiOD' and the ~

to public trial,' on the ODe baDd. On the other hand, the due
proc:aa righta ohbe derendant" and the inherent and constitutional power 01 the c:ourta to CIODtrol their pl"OC'Hdines in OiWr
to pennit the fair and imputiaJ adminUtntiOD oC ~."
eonaterally. it 8lIO raiIea ia&oes OD the uture 0( media. ~

'paaoe

5. I'bid.

'448 u.s. W.1V1 I.I...

'pp. 6-7. I'bid.
~
4,AnicIe m. ItIr. c-t..os.- 7. AI\. m. ...
os.- I.Z~Anidt m. ...
"Secba. 1.1" Anidt m. a.L
"s.a- I. ,.. I..Anidt \'ID.""

14

IU role In _i('t)',

.nd of the hnPlct CIt

a::.

herent denial of the due.,._..

.
lJ1 '" Voting 6-4, the Court 1"_.-1. richt. of a criminal defend_., (4) areu a(potential - ....... 0 Mr. ~lIItice Clark. iclentiRecl
Io~ of the camer..
whida mlPt ariIe from the
lJS!.. the defendanL 'I1Ie
Jury,
the trial judp
ill part pertinently atated:

ticularly tel~
te on
new wchnoloti
~tutional
Comml .. lon are ~
11w recorda fA~
IUbjed 01 came.... In the ClOut\.
diIcuNiOD
(GUrU have not had the oPPOrtunity
room Simil.rly, Philippi
I..
\iOn Iquarey.
t.o rule on \he qute.
September 1990 report'l or
While we tall!
Hoc Committee on
United SU ... Judicial
the current rule obtaini", IIllhe
era in the CeJurtrOOIDUnited SUlee prohibita the Pl'e8ence .,
Federal CourU fAthe 'mlnal trials. Rule 63 of the Fedel\l
television ~~e .... "::;:ure
forbicla the taking of pholograph.
Rulee of Cnmtnal
0(. dldal proceedinJ8 or radio broadCqt.
~urilll the pwvcre~
the courtroom. A Lrial of any kind
lDI olaucb ~np
0I1erioW1 importance to aU _
or ill .111 court ia
means 0( entertainment.
the court oCthe d~t)'
which pertains 10
it and d~parta from the orderly .nd aenoU8 quest for trul.h fer
which our judicial proceedinp are formulated.

or

";!.ucHc.

~~nc.:

,IIU

.un.

aalpt ....ect ~
.... ilDOn,. Aleo. lelec:uting DOt onl,
inCN~ the trial judp .. I'e8pODalbilityto .void actual
prejUdice t.o the defendant, It may uwell afFect hia own
performance. Judpe are human hemp allO .nd .re lubjed t.o the IanIe ~
reactiona .. laymen. For
the clef.ndaut, Ie..... i.. ie. rorm ofmental .............. t
and .ubjecta him t.o Del... public ex'_'"
and d.
tracta him from the effective praentation olhis defeNMI.

J':ro.
:':'::'ted ...

;:~:i:=we

-rile televiaion camera ia a powerful weapon which

intentionally or inadftrlently am dealroy an accueed and
hie cue in th. .,. of the public:..

CouN do nat di8Crimlnate ~Mt

radio ..nd tt-Ieviaiao

01 a trill
while petmi'tinc the DeWlpaper reporter ~
t.o th. COIIJ1.
room ainN a teleiaioD or ...... repoi'Wr baa tho .. nw pril.
I.... '.. the Md reporter .. nat pt'rmltlc!d t.o bri"l hia tYPtwriwr or prinUIlI "...lnto the toUrtroom.1I
media .".

forbiddinc the broedcastinI or wlovullq

Ea'" ... ~ .... " the United St.," 8upl"l'm.

In
b.ld ,hal wleYiaion ~

fAJudkial procwdlnp

_...........
1.1

...........

1111 ......, .. .-..

".,

_.._
Cho

re_
,.

..
"1It ,

'"

'"" AlII
....
Il' ..,.

liar C-mIU..
rir

I(_MI'JI

""'

/Iij

__

l'

('oooI..,

"

"

t.. ...
th,....,

"

_"w

11ft ('._

,.""1

_"

..

..,.,..,,.."._. .... lit .._ ,..,....."

I'"

!I
t

""..............

Repreeentative. of the .... have no aperiaI atandin' t.o

.pply for a writ of mandate to compel. court to permit them t.o
attond the trial, aince within the courtroom. reporter'. COlUltltuUonal righta .re no Jre.ter than thoee of .ny other member
of the public. II Maulve Inlrution of.,.preeenlativee of the newl
media Int.o the trial I... ., am 10 alter or Wf'OJ the conlltltuUonall1 neceaaal'1 judlrial
.nd dft:orum th.t the
..... ul ... m.nta oIlmperllllllt, Impoard by due proceIII ofl.w.re
denied the dt'fendant, ".nd ..... fPnd.nlln criminal prort'l'd11\1 Ihould not be fol't'ed to run a ,Ilunllot of I"l'POIU'" .nd
phot.cll'.ph.n .... h time he "'le", or
the courtroom. If

.'_phpre

Cowt

Involveell

I
..".l'"I1'" ...... "MINI C...

~-:=.

wttnc....

fred
Ukewiae ~ eetabliahecl the prejudicial
htened ..1__ to"!..~ ""' ... el Witn ....
might. be
lriI
'~
....
QIDera. or become nenoua. 'I'bo1
are .ubject t.o~OUkf-court
InOuencee which

c!

!*~:-nceAd

~_L

I
I

""YN

""hI.

Cnnllld"rin. tIM'p",judlno It pn!IN to tho d"ftmtlnnt'll

to dlK' p"""'"
11.. to tIM'f.I, .nd
aclmlnlat'lItk.n
of J"'Uce, .nd tem rt .... l\arthPr that \1M' rr..dclfll 0( the .,......

..,....,1,

.18

BAR RBVJP'BR IN

J,BGALANDJUDICIAL

miles

to lDf'onnatiOD may be served

and the right 0( ~ people degrading, and prejU~ic:iallll~
.. Ulfied b71-~'
of court proceedings shan
live radio and te)e\tiaion ~
hearinI8 Cor Dews P~
be allowed. Video (~ted
to ahoY oCthe coW'troolll, the
thalI be reetricted
and their c:ounael takeD prior to the
Judicial omcel'l,~ :'roceedi",..
No video ahota or Photo:
commencement
.&ted during the trial proper.
.... phl thalI be perDU

ACCORDINGLY. in order to protect the ~'

right to
the cIiItradioD o(tIle participant. iD the
due p~
to PreveD Wt anaIyaia, to avoid miacarri.,. 01
the
to PROHIBIT live radio and televi.
J~ce,
of court proceedinp. Video (ootage o( court bear.
IIOD coverage
ebaII be limited and reatric:ted ... "- ..
inp (or newa purpoaee
lea
UUyt
iDdicated.- MeleDc:ioHerrera. J., is on
ve.

proc:eedi:~ ';..ved

Very truly yours,

DANIEL T. MARTINEZ
Clerk oCCourt

ANNEX "C"

1996

CIRCULAR NO. 13
TO:

SUBJECT;

ALL JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS

AND THE SANDIGANBAYANi ALL JUDGES OF
THE COURT OF TAX APPEALS, REGIONAL
TRIAL COURTS, METROPOLITAN
TRIAL
COURTS, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS IN CIT.
IES, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS, MUNICIPAL
CIRCUIT TRIAL COURTS, SHARI'A DISTRICT
COURTS AND SHARI'A CIRCUIT COURTS
GUIDELINES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF
JUSTICE

The Inatallation o( the Dew government oC President

COraJODC. Aquino and V'IC8-Preeident Salvador H. Laurel (01.
lowing the presidential enap elections raised the hopei and

.17

dfe8Dl8 ~Cthe F~pino people oCfiDaU711C11riDt

for themIeIvee

_d thea poeteritJ the bl...

of true incIepeDdence aDd derlloaacY under the .rule of law and ncime of truth, jutice.
ereedom, love, equalitJ, and peace .. dedarecI iD the preamble
oCthe 1981 Constitution. '!'be ~tioa
of the new judicio
_'"aacompleteclIutJanUUJ30,1981,efteracarefWec:reeainI o( all thole who who were at.ended new appointmeDta.
With the ratiflc:atioD of the 1981 Coutitutiaa and the
.... toratioD of ~
followinc the last ..., U, 1981 CODgreuional elec:tioDl, all the etructur. (or a ItronC and dem0cratic Republic with IeparatioD of powen aDd checb and bal
ancee have been put iD place. Your IlCUritJ of IeDUN and the
independence of the judiciary are not eaaured. In turn. our
primary and fUndamental task IIto .-ore the run cooJideDca
o( our people iD the courta. 'Ib IUcceed iD this endeavor, the
complete and dedicated IUpport of all of ua iD the jucticiar7 is
needed.
The reorganizecl judiciary is taaked with the tremendoua
responsibilitJ of a.uiating partin' litipDta iD obtaiDinI juat.
speedy and inespeDaive cletennination of their ca.- and proceedinp .. directecI iD Rule I, Sec. 2 c( the Rulee 0( Court.
Delay is a rec:urring complaint c( eftI'7 litipnL Tbe maiD
jec:tive or fJV8f1judge. particularl7 of trial judpa. ahould be to
avoid delays, or iC it cannot be totalI7 avoided, to hold them to
the minimum and to repudiate manif'eatI)' dilatory tactica.

GENERAL GUIDELINES
For all membera c( the judiciary, the following pideliDee
are hereb7 iuuecl:
.

1. All membera 0( the Judiciary must a1wayaMv. to

live up to the criterion prelcribed ill Article VII, Section 1(3), 01
the Constitution that a Member c( the Judiciary must be a
peraon o( proven competence, iDtepitJ, probitJ and iudepend
eDC8.2. Judges should keep abreal 01 the ruIiDp and ctriDes laid down by the Supreme Court and ap~IY them to
appropriate caaea reprdleu oCtheir peraonal 0PiJll0n.

.111

_rft

I.

ICfUpuloualy the pel'ioda

3. Ju~
VIII SectioD 15. the Constitution r. Ptt.
ec:ribed by Mid.
I~tion all C8Je8 or mattenlUbhlitot
til.
.clj~dic:ation
all c:aeea or matten must be deeid~ ill
their eowU. anus,
fro date r b i
"II Ot
..,Ived withiD twelve JDOIlthi m
0 IU m llioll by til
lower eon.te
eourta while all other tower courts are
period of three IDODthi. do ..
eha)I

or

or

-.:t ..,

.,nt.neeeea

conalder the adYiaibiU" 01 II

' uel to a eommluioner. _ .1
pre mlnary reference 0(
.....
d"ti
...... other lllattera .. may aid In the
prompt
"poll on 0( the actIoo. (Rut 20 G_... ,
1 or tJ
Rules of Court)

,..._.on
,e

Ii"".

..

I'

._

..

4. AD deriIioaI ahould expre18 dearl,y and ~

the f'ada the laws OD which they are buecI. No petition fat
review or motion for N('ODSicieration
a decllion of the COUrt
be refUted due eoul'lle or denied without llating th.1tlll
buia therefor. (Article VIII. SectiOD 14. 1987 ConstitUtioll)

or

ab.n

..

S.
Ayallment 01 dllClClYeryproc:edurea. - Lawyera and
parUetI should be ellCOUl'apd to avail 01 dlecovery procodurea
provided for In Rule 24 to Rule 29 of the RuIN of Court. 'l'bl. ..

to exerdae extra care lIId

of temporary reatrainiDc orcte..
and pnlimiMry qunctioaa or improvident or arbilrar7
or l'eIIOlutionl that are manifestly merited by Ihve abuee III
dUcretioo. TbeJ must tab note that the efl'ective period III
temporary rHtraini", ordera is limited to 20 daye and IUbject
to the requiremente provided ill BP Bl,. 224 and the Interiaaa
Rules.
5.

Juqe.
Ihould exert lIIOI'e ort to reeoIve the remalnln,
1I8ue8 by Juclpnent OIl the plead!
or summary Judrmenta
..peda"!
In IImple eollectioo CIIIeI when the pte.dinp manl.
r.. tJy r.... no pnul ... __ or 0DIy Iham iIIuee, .. OI\Ioined
by Rule 20. Section a illftlallon to Rule 19 and Rule 34 or the
Rul .. or Court.

AD c:ourtI are

erUoined

circumspection illthe _lance

0...,.

a nerlected area Inour adver.rial pI'OCNI.lte

~pedite the trial oI'c:8IN.

The Collowinc pideliDea

courta:

are

hereb7 Iuued

for all trial

1. Punctuality and Itrict obeervance of omce houn. _

~nct~lit!
ill the holdi", or lCheduled hearin,. Is an impera.
tive. Trial JudgN IhouJd atrictly obeorve the requirement 01 It
leat eilht houra oI .. rvice a da,. five houra 0( which should be
devoted to triaI.1pfrilka11y f'rom 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon Ind
rrvm 2:00 to 4:30 p.m ... required b, par. 5 O(th.lnterim
Rul.
lRued by the Supreme Caurt tift Janua.,. 11 1983 purauant Co
Sec. 16 oIBP 129.

2. . Maximize UN or pre-trial and dltlCOv .,. procedurea.

- ~tria"
are not Intended merely to determine whether the
partiN c:an arrive at ClOmpromu... Exha
be eonducted to red
'.
uatlve pre-triallllhouid
NCUre
la'
uce areaa 01 eonJJict and Ilmplif'y luuet,
etipu tionII or admiulone of racta, limit the Dumber 01

would

,.".u,

4.
Active manapmeot 01' triaIe. minimum poet ponemontl. - (a) Judpe Ihould Ktivel,lDIIIUlP the trial 01' their
cases by rational calendarinr or cuea, avoid unnOCCtlll8rypoetponemente or C8IIft, plan the courae and direction of triall 10
that waste or tlmo I.avoided. Jucipe Ihould clGlely IUporviso
eourt pol"8Onnelso thet adequate precautiona are takon In sond
In, out .ubpoe ..... IIUIDIIIOna aDd eourt pRenlN
to IMure
that they are time., It'I'ed and received.

GUIDELINES FOR TRIAL COURTS

U80

'

(b) A rational polley OD poItponemonte Ihould be obeerved by the Judp 10 that the eourta are not at the mercy or
tho lawyera and the partiCl without at the aame time Impoeln,
Ilbullyo. unnOCClllllry.llnd oppreulve denial oImoritoriou. motions ror poetpolK'mt'llte. Courta Mould Itrictly Inrorce the provision or Sectlona S, 4. and Ii 01' Rule 22 on the matter or adjoummonte and pclII\poIM'mentl. Judpa Ihould note that undor
Rule 22. 8l'ctlon 3. the eourt haa DO authority to acljoum a trial
ror a longor pt'riod than ODe month In all. unleea authorlaed In
wriUn, by the Chief Jutice.
(c) TrIal or C8IOI ahould be concIuct.ed punctually. IXPOdltloully lind emciontly ror the .peedy dhlpolltlon or callOe.

In criminal CUOI,Judgea ehould .trictly obeerve the proyl.

.Ionll or Rule 119. Section 2 ror a contlnuoua day to day trial ..
pract.lcable until terminated.

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APPIHDIID
.

APPENDIXD
REPllBIJC OF THE pHILIPPINES

....
!!:.
...::

SUPREME COURT

MANILA

:II:

--..

... .
.

.... .
.........
-.
..I

'

.. .

.. .
...
... .

....

..
..
..
,

:t

GentJemea:
Quoted bereuDcIer, for 1OW' iDfonnation, i8 a reao1utioa vi
the Court ED BaDe dated April 12, 1988:

"Bar MaUer No. 356. Be: Petition ohbe Intqrated Bar vi

the PbllippiDea for the approval
the propoeed IrievaDce pro.
c:edune aDd the con-eepoadinl amendment of Rule 139 01 the
Rul .. of'eoun on diabarment and dllCipline o( attomeya. The
Court Reeolwd to ADOPI' the (ollowilll Rule on dl8banntllt
and dilCipUne 0( attorne)'l, U (ollow.:

or

RULEI .. B
DISBARMENT AND DISCIPLINE

OF ATI'OIlNEYB

Sectioa I. HOfI/lutituIJ. - Proceeclinp for the cfiebv.

meot. IUIpeuion. or diecipline oIattomeya may be takeD ."
the Supreme Court motu pt'Opfio, or by the Intqrated
Bar fl
the PbllippiDM emp> upon the .. rifted complaint of any perIOD. The complaint ebaliltate
dearly and concUely the fiIde
complained 01, and ebaII be eupporteci by amclavite of' pel'lOlll
havinc penonal knowledp o( the (ac:te therein allepd andlor
by .uch docwnente u may .ubetantlate .ald (ac:te.
The IBP Board 0( Govemol'l may, motu proprio or Upclll
referral by the Supreme Court or by Chapter Board of 0fIlc0en,
or at the lnetance 01 any perIOD, Initiate and Pl"OleC:Ute proper
cha~
... Inet errinc attome)'l, lncludllll thoee In 10ft....
ment Mrvice.
101

Six (6) copi"

or the gerifJed

the Secretar)' of'the IBp

.,110 ahall (orthWith ~
(]oYeI1lOn (or UlillUDent to
A. PROCEEDINGS

complaint IIhaO be IUecI with

01any oIite chaptel'l

lame to the IBP Board or
an IDYatlptor.
.

IN THE INTECRATED

BAR

OF mE PIIIIJpPINES
Section 2. National GrVualt(f 1,"al~aIorI. _ The Board
~Govemol'l8hal1apl_Mlillt fi'Om amon, IBP membel'l8ll1n ...
ugator o~, whe? 8peciaJ cin:umatanc:a 10 wanant, a panel 01
three (3) mveatigators to inveatiPte the compiaiDt. AU Inveac.i
pton ahall take 811 oath or
in the rorm preribed by the
Board of Covemora. A copy 01 the IIIveet.iptor', appointment
and oath ahaII be transmitted to the SuPftme Court.

omc.

~ Inveetiptor may be diaqualinfd by I'U8OD 0( relation

ahlp Within the rourth degree or CODMncuinityor aflinity to any
0( the pa.mCl or their coun.l. pecuniary intereat, penona)
bl.. , or ~ .. havin,acted
counael rur either porty, unIeaa the
partlea "III and enter upon the I'KOrd tholr written colllent to
hla ac:tin, a uch Invelti,ator. Where the Inveet1lfator doae
not dlaqualify himlOJr, a party may .ppeal to the lOP Board or
Qovemol'l, which by m.rity vote 0( the memben preaent.
there bem, a quorum, may order hia diaqualilkation.

.1

Any Inveatiptor

may ,lao be removed ror cauae, after due

(6) IIK'mbel'l of the lOP Board
or Govemora. The diaion or the Board or Ccm!mon in all
c:uea or disqualification or relllOYalIhall be final.

hearin" by the vote of at lcut Iii

Section $. Dulin 0( '''~ National CJtWvan InWII;"aIor.

- The National Grievance Invl'ltipton
Ihall in""titrate all
complainte against members urtbe Ink'l'nW Oar rer erred to
them by the IBP Huard orOovemllrs.
&'Ctlon 4. Chaptf'rOllllutanloronllliainonl. - Tbepmper
lOP Chapwr mn)' 8IIIIlstth" complnlnnnUl1 In the pl'l'pontiun
and nunc of hia complnlnUI).
Section 5. &n.lft' 0( di"mi_l.
- If thto C'Omplalnt apo
IM'8I'1 to be ml'ritorluul. tiM' lnv.tltitcnlllr .hall dli'M that a
copy thel'l'Of' be ",mod upon the "",pundt-nt. I\'qulri"l him to
anawt'r the aame within nnt'C.'ft ( 151dRY' from thto dolt> 0(..,...

BAR uvIEWD IN LIlGALANDJUDJCIAL

mncs

=~

ice. It the compl'inl doee DOt merit. action or it the ~

all
to the til(actioD o(the In'ftStiPtor that the CODlp~
II.- __ ma'f be disnd'led by the Board
Gcmmon upoD his recommend.atiaa. A copy oC the 1'eIo1~
of diem' ! IbID be ftIrDiahed the complainant and the Sll
preme Court which ma.1 review the cue mot" propriD or
timely appul of the complainlDt ~ed within 15 daY' ~
notice oIthe di.... ;.1oIthe complaint.

~,the
IBP ~
0100.:.- ......
f1fteen (15) da!l' lillie ~ reaoIutioa IettiDt forth ita findinp and
recommendatioaa, which IhaD btlnrith be tra ...... 'P.ed to the
Supreme Court for finallCtion and ifwarrantect, the imposition

No inftetiptioD IbID be interrupted or lenniDlted ."

NUOD 01 the deaieta~
..wement, compl"OlDite, reatitlitiClll,
wltbcIrawal 01 the c:hupI, or Cailure of the comPlainant to
proeec:ute the IIIDL

Section ~. ~.
- Depositions may be taken in
accordance WIth the Rules 01 Court with lea.. 01 the inweti.. tori.).

SeetioD 6. \irificaIioft tuUl .mike of GM&Oer. - The IIIawer IhaU be verified. 'I1le ortcinal and five (5) le,ible copl.. or

aD)'

II"';

IDIWeI' ahaII be filed with the Inveetiptor,

with PI'OoIIi
IInice oIa CiOp1 thereof' OD the complainant or hiI COUDIeI.

the

Secdoa 7. ~

COIIrufi. -

The IBP Board Ii

OoYelDOri IbaII appoiDt a IUitlbJe member of the Int.earated

Bar .. COUDIeI to auIat the complainant or the relpondent
dW'iac the in.. ntiptioa in cue 01need for auch ... llt.Dee

SectioD8.1~

- Uponjoinderofiuueaor
IlPOD
laiIure oIthe Nlllllllldeat to 1DIWeI', the InYeltJptor ahaII with
deliberate epeed, proceed with the inveetiptloa oCthe~.
H.
ahaU have the power to issue IUbpoenu and adminf.ter oatha.
The feIIIll'Ident IbaII be IiwD fbi) opportun.Ity to defend him1IIf, to PNleDt wibuI .. I OD hie bebaI(, and be heard by hlmeell
and COUDIII. Howe,er, it upon .... .",.ble notice the l"eIpoDdat WIt to appear, the inftStiptioa ahaII proceed uport,.

=~
==;.=

The Inveatiptor IhaU terminate the inveatiption within

thrM (3) IDODtbe.hm the date 01 ita COIDJDencement, unI_
pod Clute by the Board ofGovemora upon prior

W
Iawful
far iDdirect
be filed by :::mpt.oI

to obey. lubpoene or any other

veetiptor ahaII be dealt with u
court. The CDneaponding charge ahaJI
which ahaII
.veetiptor before the IBP Board of Oovemol'l
ten (10)
~temnor to ahow cau.e within
thereafter CODduct ..... ...1__ if' P Board of Govemon may
_......
DeCeaeuy, in 8C.'ICOrdance with

da.Ja'1': ~~

the p~ure
let forth in this Rule .......
...1_- Won the
Investigator. Such heariDc ahaD fer
.....
ted within fifteen (15) da
II practicable be tenni-

en:.

1:;:=:e::peI~

of penalty.

Within the Pbilippinee, depoaitioae may be taken before

member 01 the Board 0100, ........ the Pre.ideDt 01 aD1
Ch.pter, or any omc:er .uthorized by law to administer oathl.
Depoeitionl -1 be tIkeD outside the PbWppiDea before
diplomatic or coDluiar repl"eIIDtati ... of the Pbllippine Govemment or before any pereoa ......
upoa by the pu1ieI or cleelcn.ted by the Board ofGcwemora.
Any IUitabie member 01 the Intep'ated Bar in the place
where a deposition aball be tIkeD may be delipatect by the
InYeltigator to uaiat the comp1ainaat or the l"eIpondent in
taking deposition.

Section 10.1lqorl 0( lrwati6alor. - Not later tbm thirty

from the termin.tioa oIthe in. Iltiptioa, the Inwetigator aIlallaubmit. report containiDc hie ftnclinp 0Ifac:t and
recommendatioaa to the IBP Board 0I00,erDCJn. taptber with
the atenosrapbje DOtes and the traDIcrIpt thenoI, and all the
evidence preeented duriDc the iDveatiptioa. The aubmiuioD of
the report need DOt .wait the traDIcrIptioa oIthe ateDop'apbic
notel, it beil'll aufftcient that the report reproduca aubetantiaIIy from the Inveatiptor'a pereoaaI DOtes aD,J relevant and
pertinent~
(30) days

. Section 11. Defoe". - No defect iD complaint, notice,

answer or in the pnI teedinc or the InWltiptor'l Report ahaIl
be considered .. IUbstantial unIeu the Board 01 Governors,
upon coDliderinc the whole record. ftnda that such cWect baa
molted or may result iD ~
0I.juatice. iD .which
event the Board ahaII take such remedial KtiOD .. the CU"CWD-

IlAIlIUCVIKWICR IN 1,lCIAI. AMP JUJ)lC :IAI.IC'M 11<:"

....

new n" WI,,.n" tncludln. InvlUdlUon or Lh. enu ... p,."

C'NCIII ....
, &die.... 12. "-."." lind J,t1.1"" by Ihl IJflard II{ (J,..-

....,.

n,,,... -

) IC ,." e.... hMreI by In Inv"tililtAlr .h.n bo ~

h1l,h' ml' n.lArd Oov.mon upon I.h, rCJC()fdInd ovid"nee
I.r.".ntlll4!cl \0 II.b"l.h, Inv.. I.I.,llor wllh hi. ro.,ort..1". d.et.
.I"n oru.. I....rd uplln luch ,.vlew .h.n lit In w,IUn"'nd .... n
el rl, Ind cllllLlncU,lLelt Ute r.d "d Lb, ,. ... mll on -hlda
II. wu .,.... II. lla.U be promul".t.ed wll.hln I I"lrklclllfll ...
_Inc U,ln1(30)cia,. f'rom Ute n 1. meetJnl 01the &"4
fullowl.., Ute ,ubmlu..l cI&he In",U"Lu,', Reptn1.

or

01 mlljorll.1 0( Itt tc.t.J

membenhlp, cl.terml .... &hI1.th, ....pond.nl. .houleS be .....
,",ndeeS from &he prac:Uc. or law or dl.b.meI, It .han
rtIOIuUon ..will forth Ita ftncIInp and rec:ommendaUon, wIUch,
LupLher wlLb Lht whol. record or Lb, CUI, .hall forthwith be
van.mllLed 10 Lht Supreme Court. tor nnal acUon.
c) If &he ,.pondenl. Is aoner.ted by the Board or the
cliltdplln.., eancUoa ImpolMlCl '" II.Is leu &hIn IUapen.Jon or
cliIIbarmenl. lUCIa u admonJUon, reprimand, or fine. II. ehd
iIaue I dedaioa aoneraUnc ,.pondenl. or ImIlOlinlIUCb IIIJC.
b) If &he Board. ." Ute

YOI.t

-lie.

Lion. The cue IhaIJ be deemed terminated unJeu upon pet.it.ioa

f1I Lhe complainam or other iIIt.ere.t.ed putl fUed with the S.
preme Court withiJI fifteen (15) cia,. from not.ice of the Bo.rcrl
raoIution. the Supreme Court orden othenriae.
d)

Not.ice of'the l"eIOIut.ion orcleciIion of the .Board IhaD

10 aD part.ia tbrouib tbelr ClOUDlet A copy f1I the Jame

IhaU be tnnllDiUed 10 the Supreme CourL

be

JiVeD

B. PROCEEDING81N THE

8VPB.EME COL'RT

8edioa 13. BlIpmrW Court 11UIUt~.

_ III proceedlap ~
_,. proprio ." the Supreme Court or iD other
'" rM'Op -the IDtere.t f1I Ju,atice 10 requires. the Supreme Court IUJ refer the CIIM lor m...tipt.ioD 10 the S0licitor o..-.t or to 1!'1 Gl6c.f1Ithe 8upJ .aw CGmt or jadp of'
ill wbic;b ~ the bmetiptioa IhaD proceecl ill &be
....
..
pi ided ID Iedb 610 11 berea( 88ft that &be

.....
=

'WI

,..~ ,/IM rerp'1fl fA IrlyQtj til

lit &he 8up"""" CAlrt..
"" 1ft .... IILt CWad ....... dl,lIdJ,

:t',,,aI ", til"" (M,,,.

0.:;....~ ...eM

s.c:tJon 14.1"111""" 1"'* Ht"it:~

JdltflUttcll nfNt"'II',lilf, - IIIId u "
Lht Inv",UIC..U"n, the ,."Ilr.III"

ddl,nalMd by L'It HUJm'IrIII (!fill" ~h II III CIU....,'nYNtlp""

",_.....,n. ,,,pflnClJnllalnlnl hi II.""
.ut"flit II, u.. Hup,.me
,,,,,nl(l,4'1Id .,Id """'nnh'il!fl4e.
Uo'"
with 1.1.. 'iM1wd .IId .11 th. ~nte
pr"",n~
ill
&)Ie Inv.,.U""Lltm fllr U.. IIn.IIdJ,Ift "&he Huprt1Jle Cwl'\.

",.,IIL'w,

C. COMMON I'ROVIHIONH

AI\Isr

Sect.Wn 16. BIlIJI"IUIIm 0( allllnwy by S"fI'r'M CMu1. _

receipt. of ,e'p'IfI~l'l ......, Jar- of the period

....the ,.,01'
. the Supreme CouJi, """" pn1prlAJ. '" at the inatllnte of
lOP &a,cS or CiflYmtt". UJI'lfIlhe rtcWllnmd.tillfI of' &be
Invempwr,

may IWlP4'nd an .UlIFfIt1 (rom lhe practice ofbia

pror lon rlJl' an1 or &he ClUiel l.,eeirted In Rula 138. StdicIfI
t'1, durin, the pendency ", the Inv.. lipt.ion UJlt.iJ IUCh lIPpeDlion t. lif\ed by the Supreme Court.

8ectioD 18. BuePf"'1ott 0( altonw, boy 1M Cotut of Appeal.

II(,.lWgiolllll7Hol Co",t' - Court of Appeala or Jtec;onaI Trial
Court DIAl tuapend ID IU.orne)' &om practice lor IDJ for the
cauaes aamed ill Rule 138. SedMa 27' uIItil further ad.ioG of'
the Supreme Court ill the cue.
Section 17. Uptm AlPfIUioll boy Cotut af Appeal. or III

pn,al 7TiGl CAurl. {ur1Jwr

p~

ill Sfll1'V'W. Courl. ,-

Upon such auapensioD, the Court of Appea)a '" Regional ~

Court. ahaIJ f'or1hwith tranImi\ to the Supreme Court. certified

ItA" nkvlto;Wr>"'H IN I t(t IAI.ANII JI 11l1I'IAI.1('1'111"11

.. III

(11"111111,,,"1111111,"1,,,."IIIII""'lIlIllIllIr

"," II.~.

'i":i
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11111"" II 1'1111'....
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..... '11.'"

""VA

APP[NDIX!

WII"'II"l,

tI,.

""I"""'. (,\",,,.....

1."".. '"

CODE! OF PROrEISIONAL RtSPONSIBILITY

\It III" "" .....

""''''''''
111.1,' ..... ",., - ,\11 ....... " ... 1,'" lI"d ,
.., .. ,
,...,...... hlt'""",1 '" "",,' kill h',11.'11,11,.. " lI"d ,1I rn.. IIII""
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(~"N()N I

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I' ......

"t H,,'" l:ba ""lit"'" '1":-tnAltMKN'I'

ott HllHI'ICNHION
IHNIo:\'H', All """'111',,,11,,,, 1",,"1111111111" h1 I"" om",
"I'th" NII'''''I"r (1",,,,,., "hnlll ... 1,,,111,,\,,,,,11 lu th" h,h'l(flll"d
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"",,,, .. 1114,,,.. pnlYklcoc' In ,,,,,, It"", """'I.t
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'h" InVIIIIII.. "II"" h""......111II11.. 'nll'h"l1 "'11111
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Urllll"" n,,11111111 (""1111,1".
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1"",,,,,,.1 VIII"II". M"I",,,

nl., l~""n.t,,"tC.,

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A I.AWYlt,Il HIIAI,I. UI'IIUI,l) 1'11"

(~CJN""I'I'rl'luN,
(JUICY TIIK J.AW,.
u" 'rlllc I.ANI) ANI) I'IU tMell'K ilKHI'II,C:'1' "411' I.AW ANU 1,"ClAI, ,'!CuC,
I'.HHI',",

Ih,l. 1.01
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UANIJt:I, T. MAIC'I'INIC1.
('I,'rk III'(,~III1rt.

A I"wy", .",,11 ",It 1111""". In unlllwtld,

1II'''"''l'IIl. h"mural "' d...... ur"II.'I,"dlll'L,
A h.w'_' .t",11 ",It ftlll,_1 fir .11IIt
U"llI .. " "1",,,,1 "t 1I"nll'''''' ur Lilli I"w or
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",td I)r .,ut.. ""nll'lI""'.,

",""IlII'"

If It

.111
rnlr .... ,"'m""L
A I",WVY.Jt HIIAI,I, MAKICIIIH I,ICClAI,
HV,ItVICJ(MAVAII.AmJC IN AN
C~II(NTANI (~HNVI<NIICNT MANNKIl
C'UMI'A'I'IIII.JC wrru TIIN INIIIC.
I'KNUIf,NC~K, IN'I'Ke IIII'I'V ANI) IC...
I'KC:1'IVr.Nr.t4M ur TIIK I'IU ' ...ICH
Hit 'N.

acl'' '

...


~:""'_.C4"''''''''''

110

Rule 2.01

Rule 2.02

Ru" 203

Rule 204

A latr)'ft' IhaD not ft'jed. except '- ~

~
Iht caUMoI&hecW~
..
thr oppretlfCl.

In _
aot ~.

euH. efta if &he .. .,.

._

he WJJ DOt ~
II
,.ndn JrpJ adYkw 10 the ...,,_ __
.,..,d if onl)' 10 the awnt DfIC III) ..
.. rrpard the laU.'. riafata.
caM,

A laW1ft' .haO not do or pennit

done an)' act dnipN primari),
lidt !.-pI but"....

ANI>OIUECTI\'E IN.'ORMAnON OR
STATEMENT OF FACTS.
A laW)"er ahaIl not .... or permit the _
01 .., r.I.. , .....
udllient. mialeadinc.
~,..,
undipilMd, .. 1f-lalldalGrJar
unrair IUtement or claim ftIIU'Clinc
qllalilkationa or ..
eervic8..

au.

Rul.3.02

In the choKe 01. firm name. DO fa1ae,

mialHdm, or ... 1Imed name ahaIJ lit
UMd, The t'OIItiDuecI .... 01 the name tI
dfftaaed partner ia permiaaible .,..
vidf'd that the firm indicate. in all itI
communicaUona th.t aaid put.ner it

d~,

" ......
A)(El'RFINA .. HERREJtA.ISAGAHlA. CRuz. D01J()A.
GA.":AYOO,
TEODORO.. PADIU.AMd ABRAH.UI, SAIUUEN'ro
~ioo~~u..ItpJMd.wc.a==
dl'.
'::;
"PET1'nON FOR AI!I1fORITY 10 CO
NAME '8Y,o.p. ... , AU. _"
IIo"NUI USE OF
.

,--

no: FIJUI

ClANO. HER.... AHDEZ AND CAS'I'IUO"

r ......

"...

UlUcipel;ala fI, ill .........

.. , puWkt"

Ie

a',,-, ..... ""... "

A LAWYER SllAU PAJmCtPATI DC

nil D\'ELOMCENTor nll I.&GAL 8YHTEM Ity INITtAn.-.O o.
lit'PI'oRnSG EPl'ORTIIlH LAW U.
FORM AND IN nut IMPRO\"lI(C'tr
or nil ADML'4k'4TRAnON or A's.

rranL

TRUE. 1I0NE.",., FAIR, DIGNlnlD

Rul.3.01

-.cI

..
.

A LAWYERIN MAKING KNOWN illS

LF..GALS..:R\1CES SHAIJ. USE ONLY

CA.""ON 3

..
..

A 1e.,. .. U aoc PIlI .....

.."...
01
"1M _a&au.. fI the ...

A laW)'t'f ..,.0 DOl daa,.. ..........

than ~
nPtomariIJ P'"m"btd ...

a.- 1M dl"t'UmatalkW

-W"IlWr.
IIt

.....................
Ib".~
:_

11('1.

CANON

A LAWYER 8HALL KF.t, ABR!M1'

or Lr.oAL DY.Vt:I'oI'Mr ..VI'!l. pu..
n(;II'ATI IN CONTlNCINO U.GAL
!OUCAnON PROGR.UCS. st'PPOtI'T
l,rORTI TO AClfllVI HIGH
ITANDARDI IN LAW 8CHOOLI AI
~'ELL AI IN THI PRACTICAL
TlWNL-'G or ~w sn'DLVnl
AND
AS.'iL'fTIN DISSDIlNATtNG INPOaMAnON IWWlDL-.oTHE LAW
.n.1lL'iPRVDt:.~"!..

A.'"

APPENDIx.

CANONS

RuleS.OI

THESE CANONS SHALL APPLy '1'0

LAWYERS IN GOVERNMENT SEll'/.
leB IN THE DISCHARGE OF'l'RIQl
OFFICIAL TASKS.
'!'be priIDU1 dut7 fJI. la.,.. ~
iD public proI8CUtioD ia DOt to CIOIlYict
blat 10 _ thatjutice II clone. The IUp.
plU. fI(acta or the ......... ''DeIlt of
wilDII IT capable fJI .abliebing
the
iDroa taM fIthe aCICUIed ia hichly rep.
nbeaeible ucl II C&UM (or dilc:ip~

bowa bJ him to hi uuquaIifiecl iD

educ:atioa. or ather
reIenat attribute.
lOll

n.pect to cbanIct.er,

lule1.03

A la.,.

abaD DOt ......

ill Clllllduct
that adYereelJ reGecta OIl his fitDell to
pndice law,Dar IhaO be. whether ill
puhtic car privatllile., beha.. iD a ICIJlo

daIoaa ........

RuleS.OS

AIa_,..iD the ~tlll'Vioe

IbIQ
DOl.... his public poeitioD to PI'OlDclte
or acl'llDCe his privati iDtereItI, DOI'II.
Icnr the latter 10 iDtIrf".... with hie pub.
licduti ..
A Ia.,.. Iba)) DOt. after leaviDe lOYeJ'1UMDteervice, accept eopplDellt or
emplOJllleDt iD CODDeCtiOD with &D.J
matteriD wbk:b hi bad iDt.eneDed while
iDlaid ..me..

CANON 8

FESSIONAL COLLEAGUES, AND

SHALL Avom HARASSING TAcnCS
AGAINST OPPOSING COUNSEL.

aul. 8.01

A Ia.,... IhaII DOt, iD his pror_ODII

.... unp 11M Ianpaae which it abuaive,
oft"eui .. or othenriae improper.

Rul. 8.02

TBB

LEGAL PROFESSION
CANON 7

A lAWYER SlW.LATALL

TIMES

up.

HOLD 11IE INTEGRITY AND DIGNITY OF 11IE LEGAL PROFESSION

AND SUPPORT11IE ACTIVlTIES OF
11IE INTEGRATED BAR.
RuJe7.01

A 1a.,..1haO

CANON 9

lAW.
Rule 9.01

hi auwerabIe (or bow-

,,_..
a ... &eriaI (act iD coaDedioD
with hilappUcatiaD _ aclmj .. icJa to tbI

RuJe7.02

A 1a.,...1haO DOt IUpport the applica.

doD (or acImiIeion to the .... or Ifty per-

AIa..,.1haIl DOt. dinctly or iDdirectIy,

eacro.ch Upoll tbI proteuioaal employ
IDIDt fJilDCldMr lawyer, however, it it
the richt fJillQ' Ia.,.., without r.... or
lawr, 10 live proper adviee and uaiatance 10 ..... Ie lID", retielapjDIIf. ua
laithrul car aqIectful COWI.I.
A lAWYER SHALL NOT. DIRECTLY
OR INDIRECTLY, ASSIST IN THE
UNAUTHORIZED
PRACTICE OF

iDIIJ.mkj", a Calle atatement or .up-

.....

A LAWYER SIWJ. CONDucr HIM

SELF WTI'H COURTESY, FAIRNESS
AND CANDOR TOWARD HIS PRO-

CIIAPTER D. THE LAWYEIlAND

to the cIiKrecIit fJi the

IepJ pnJl1 iOD.

actioL
RuleS.02

111

A 1a.,...1haO DOldeleptl to IIQ' UDq".lified penCID the per{ormaIIce fJllIQ'

talk whicb bJ law ... , oal, be ~
formecI bJ a member fJlthe Bar iD aoocl

.aadi", .

Rule 9.02

A 1a.,...1haIl DOt diYide or IJtipulate 10

divide.
(or Iepl.meee with perlOIII DOt liceDeecI to practice law, Gcept:

r.e

I'.

1AI1II\1JdII

DCLllGALNfD

~.

JUDICIAL maca

) WII." lh.,.paJ1Der
.. pre-eaiati ..
..
'ria.

:,.
.._l with

OFnCER! "',,, !ll1l1l1J) L'1QJfT OM

Ib&Ie 11.01

oIUme Ie hie
OIl 10 pet'IODe "-'ned .. &he _t; ..
~) When a .. .,..IIDIIert.aUa .. ~

81WIL\Jl C'OSIJ( n BY(mltRa

A Ie.,.,.twI ..... ., .. .....,...
aUn4.

Ib&Ie 11.02

A Ie.,. lhaa f'UduaJ1, .Waf ..

..... pftftilhed "",b.b ..."'....

Rw.II.OS

eM

aha&. upoe &he lau.r. death. -..,

...... be peid 0ft'I

.,.. ....-.

c--s ...,..-;

CIIIUI't hMnnp..

OIl

When ... .,.

.. laW .....
cludel lI0II.. .,., empao,.. Ia ...
UnmeDt plan, .. en lithe,... .......
to whole ,. .. pert, 011 proIIHhari.c
c)

.".npm.n&.

Rule II CM -

RuIs 10.01 -

Rule 10.02 -

A .. .,., shall DOt do &n1 falaehoocl. Dar

count Ie &he doilll of &n1 iD CGwt;
DOl' Ihall he lDialMcI, OIl allow the Court
Ie be lDialed ." &n1 artiftce.

.",..,...
(ad

CANON 11

or anwMmeD&'''

aseert

that which hM DOt bleD proved.

.haD ..... ttnbut. ..... """' ..

.......n ~

IU",""", '" the

..,..,,,,
.. 0- CDW .

J_ ..

A LA\\"YF.R &IlAI.L f:XF.RT E\'T.RY

a
_Oftl,.

.h.1l

IUblDl1 ,FWUftCOH
0- prnpt'I' .dKon.

ErroRT AND ("ON~II)f.. IT filII

Dt..IY TO A.~"ll-IT IN nlF. fU'Ey.nY

"'~D EY1'l("It:NT AI)~JSL"fTRAn' IN

or Jt;HTJC!.

Ru"12.01

A Ie.,..,. .... 0 IIQt IPPPM M tn.aI -.... he hat M-qualrl, ........... It._
.. lfllll tt.. Ia. and ,t.. r.u fIII'u. ~.

tt.. ~
he .. II aMlOft an4 tIw Of'..., fII ... pn-f ..,_,_
.t.oWd .......
tIw oncI
~
b
CDaI~
&Iw ~

,_., .,tII

A 1a.,.,1haI1

Rw.12.02
Rw.12.OS

anNIII"_

A .. wyer shaD obM". the nal.oI",.

adllN and shaD DOt miaUM them Ie
deleet the ends 01juatice.

A LAWYER SHALL OBSERVE AND

MAINTAIN THE RESPECT DUE TO
THE COURTS AND TO JUDICIAL

""1"
".,.r
.,aJIIIIt

A lawyer lhall DOt kDowinail miequoc.

1D_pNSfnt &he conteDte "' ......
the tancu. OIl the Al'JUlDeDt 01oppoa.
an, c:lOUNeI, OIl the teat 01. deciaoD ,.
author1lJ. OIl knowinaI7 cite .. "W
prowiaioD a1rHcty rend.reeI iDopentift

RuIs 10.OS -

CANON II

...:tftIlaI.

-'''un..
....... w....lJw~ftC"""""'''
c-ru..
haft eo

Rule II 06

A LAWYER OWES CANDOR. FAIRNESS AND GOOD FAITH TO THI

COURT.

A Ie.,. ...... t..ta.II "...

-.ob

CHAPl'EB ilL TIlE LAWYERAND TIlE CO\1RTl

CANON 10

..,.rt,

.,th

.... m. .,Ill'&' .ctr ...

thf __ call_

A 1a"7W IhaJJ ..... aft obu.D.~ ...

an- fIIIlmW ID ru. pIr.odlJl4ll. -rands. brW .....dw prn'Id '=.- ,m.
out IUbIlIlU,," thP .. ~
nplansbOe
h~ ladure .. do ...

bn.-. o-.....m",,(11M"

..

rur

RuJ.12.CM

A la.,....IhalI

...Jt andJJ, .., -.

fill. ~

.......

Court

21.

BAR REVIEWER IN LEt

Rule 12.05 -

Rule 12.06 -

l,\LANPJUDIClAI.IITIIICS

APPENDIX!

A lawyer shall refrain from talking to

his witnHl during ~reak o~~e .. 1ft
the trial, wbile!'the wltne .. II still 11ft.
der esamination.

A lawyer

aha)) not knowingly llII8ist

witnell to millt'pretent
himllClf or to

the government in the normal course of

judicial proceedings.

CIIAPTER IV - mE LAWYERAND THE CUENT

CANON 14

A LAWYERSHALL NOT REFUSE HIS

SERVICES TO THE NEEDY.

impenonate another.
Rule 12.07 -

Rule 12.08 -

A lawyer ahalI not abuse, browbeat Or

harUI a witoNl nor needle88ly intOn.
ftnience him.
A lawyer ahaIlavoid testifying in behaJr
o(his client, escept
formal mattera, such as the
mailiDC. authentication or custody of an
in6tlwDent, and the like; or
a)

011

b)

011

A U\\"\c:R SHALL RELY UPON THE

KDUTS OF HIS CAGSE A.''D R.
FRADi FROY A...."Y IMPROPRIETY
..-mCH 1'.'\'1>5 TO ll\"'FJ..l.'ENCE. OR
GIVES THE APPEARA."tCE OF L'IIiFU.'"ESCL"tG THE COl1rt.

CA.'fON 13

awe 13.01

Rule 14.01

A lawyer shall not decline to represent

a person solely on account of the latter's race, sex, creed or status onue, or
because of his own opinion regarding
the guilt of said penon.

Rule 14.02

Rule 14.03

suhAantiaJ matters, in caaes

where his testimony is eseential to the

ends 0(justice. in which event he must.
clurinc his tatimony, entrust the tria)
0( the rue to another coun.el

"'1I.CIS

be is not in a position to carry out

1M 1IrOrk effecth-ely or competently;
be labors UDder a conflict minterest between him and the prospective dient or ~ttftea a present client and the
prosptive diftlt.
b)

R~14.04

"""'mine

Ia.-,w
DIll aab public
-- t.bt 8eCbai ~
a pmcI., ' "
to .,_
P'&hlit ...
IllS hr III" -can ....
pu1J

A~-.n
IaIfWE .,. ~

IIGCIIroc,.\., ~

who accepts the eause of a

unable toO pay his professional
fees shaIl obwne the ~
standard or
cooduct
his relatioDs with
~"iDc cliE'nts.
A LAWYER SHALL OBSER\"E
CA.x OOR. F.\IR. xr:ss A.''D LOYALTY
IN AU.
DE.-UDOGS A....'D TR.~"'SACT10SS "nlI HIS CUE..x"TS.
A lawyer
penoIl

"'w-

man

A lawyer may reruse to accept reprea)

A IP,w IhalJ DIll m.t-od ~

A lawyer shall not decline, except for

serious and sufficient cause, an appointment 88 cou_1 ~ o{icw or as amicus
CIlI'"iM. or a request from the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines or any ofitschapters Correndition of free legal aid.
sentation of an indigent dient if:

... ...,_
., booIprtabty to, DOl" ~
..
porbIrut)" far ~
famWanty with
Judps..

"13.01

217

"'-cta ...,. cI

ms

15-01

1awJ-, JD

c:beDt.

man

with p~
ucenaiD - .,.

III

BARRJVIEWD IN LlGALAND JUDICIAL BTlDCS

APPINDIxI

practicable

Rule 15.02 .. -

..,

.,
,

..

,
I

Rule 15.04

A lawyer when advising his client, ahaJl

live a caudid and honest opinion on the
. merits and probable results of the dient .. cue, neither overstating nor undentatilll the proapec:ta of the cue.

Ru1e15.05

,,

Rule 16.02

Rule 16.03

en.

A Ia..,er IhaIl be bound by the rule GIl

priviIeae CDIDIDUDicationin I"e8pec:t 01
matt.en dia:Joeed to him by pl'08pec.
tjyec)ieDl

Rule 16.01 -

A 1a..,...1haIl DOt represent ClOn1lictiDr

IDteresta acept by written ClOD8eDt 01
all concerned liven after run di8eJo.
lure 0( the fada.
'.
A lawyer may, with the written CODIeDt
0( all coacemed, act u mediator, COIlcili.tor, or arbitrator In &ettliDg
puta

Rule 15.03

'I

whether the matter WOUld

IDwJve. conOic:t with another client CIt
bia OWD iDterat. and if 80, shall forthwith inform the prospective clienl

Rule 15.06

Rule 15.07

Rule 15.08

A Ia,.,... who iIeappd in another pror__

or oeeupation ClODCUITIDtIy with
the practice w law IhaD make clear to
client whether be Ja actinc uala.
yer ar In another capacity.

m.
CANON 16

A lawyer IhaU not elate or imply that

he Ja able to inOuenc:e any pubUc om.
dal, tribunal or Jecialative body.
A lawyer IhaU im,..... upon his client
eompliaDce with the IaWland the priDciplea w faimeea..

Rule 16.04

A LAWYER SHAU. HOLD IN TRUST

ALL MONBYSAND PROPERTIES OF
HIS CLIENT THAT MAY COME INTO
HIS PROFESSION.

CANON 17

CANON 18

Rule 18.01

11.

A Ie..,..ab.n &ccowlt for alllDODeJ ar

~
coUec:tecl or received far ar from
theclieDl
A 1e.,..1haD keep the ftmda weach
cIieDt eeparate and apart &om bia OWD
aDd thoee wodaera kept by him.
A Ie.,.. IhaD deliver the ftmda and
propert) wbia cUeDt when due ar upcID
cIem,nd However, he IhaII have lieu
CMr the ftmdI and may apply eo mach
thereat. may be nec:eI8UJ to .. tWy
bia lawful f.. and dilburMJDenta,liy
inc notice promptly thereafter to bia clienl He IhaII alIo have lien to the
ume atent on all judptents and a
ecutionI he baa IIeCI1red for bia client ..
provided for IDthe Rulel of Court.
A 1a,.,...1haII not borrow moDe)' from
bia client UDI... the client' I iDtereata
.... fully protected by the nature 0( the
cue ar by independent advice. Neither
IhaII a lawyer lend money to a client
acept, when in the interest w ju8tice,
be hal to advance nee .... ., espeneee
in alepl matter be iIhandIiDC rar the
clienl
ALAWYEROWES FlDELlTY TO THE
CAUSE OF HIS CLIENT AND HE
SHALLBBIONDFULOFTHBTRUST
AND CONFIDENCE REPOSED IN
HIlI.
A LAWYER SHALL SERVE HIS CUBNTWI'I1I COMPETENCBAND DW
GENe.
A Ia.,.r IhaII not undertab a JepJ
eerYice which be ImoWi or Iho!dd !mow
that be iInot qualified to render. How..... , be may render IUch aenice if,with

BAR RVIEWER

220

IN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL

mncs

the CODBentofhia client, he can ~

as collaborating counsel a lawyer "_
is competent on the matter.

Rule 18.03

"
.."
:1

".1

Rule 18.04

>-l

!I
:.

:1..

CANON 19

it

..:,

Rule 19.01

.,
0,
;
tI

.'",

Rule 19.02

'1

Rule 19.03

20

~ lawyer aball be guided by the foDowDIg factors in determining his fees:

b) The novelty and difficulty of the

questions involved;
c)

The importance of the subject mat-

ter;
d)

A lawyer shaD keep the client inf0hDed

of the status of his case and shaD respond within a reasonable time to the
client's request for information.

The skin demanded;

e) The probability Ofl08ing other employment u a result oC acceptance of

the proffered cue;

A LAWYER SHALL REPRESENT IDS

CLIENT
ZEAL WITHIN THE
BOUNDS OF THE LAW.

I)
The customary charges for similar
services and the schedule of fees oCthe
mp chapter to which he belongs;

A lawyer shaD employ only fair and h0nest means to attain the lawful objective
oChis client and sball not preeent, par.
ticipate in presenting or threaten to
present unfounded criminal chargee to
obtain an improper advantage in any
cue of proceeding .

g) The amount involved in the controveray and the benefits resulting to

the client from the service;
h) The contingency or certainty
compensation;

Rule 20.02

Court.

Rule 20.03

A lawyer sball not allow his client to

dictate the procedure in handling the
A LAWYER SHALL CHARGE ONLY
FAIR AND REASONABLE FEES.

of

i) The character oCthe employment,

whether occasional or established; and

A lawyer who has received information

that his client has, in the course of the
representation,
perpetrated a fraud
upon 8 person or tribunal,
shall
promptly call upon the client to rectify
the same, and failing which he ahaU
terminate the relatioD8hip with such
client in accordance with the Rules of

cue.
CANON

221

a) The time spent and the extent of

the services rendered or required;

wrm

9'

:1
.,
..,
.,

A lawyer shall not neglect a legal DIal.ter entrusted to him, and his negligence
in connection therewith shall render
him liable.

"

Rule 20.01

A lawyer shall not handle any lega]

matter without adequate preparation.

Rule 18.02

'1

APPENDIX I

The professional standing of the

lawyer.

j)

A lawyer ahall, in cues of referral, with

the COD8entof the client, be entitled to a
division offees in proportion to the work
performed and respoD8ibility 888umed.
A lawyer shaD not, without the full
knowledge and COD8entof the client aecept any fee, reward, costs, commission,
interest, rebate or forwarding allowance
or other compensation whatsoever related to his professional employment
from anyone other than the client.

JZI

"'iNDuE

1M U\~"EI INUGALAJto1)A'J)1CIAL mDC8

RuIe . OC

to.,....

A lAWYER SlWJ. PRESER\'E THE

CQ.'WIDENCEAND SECRETS OF HIS
CUENT EVEN AFTER mE ATI'Oa.
NEY-CUENT RELATION IS TERMI.
NATED.

CA.~ON21

RuJetl.01

A lawyer aballa\'Oi~ CODtrove~ Willa

clieat.t~~~peDI&tioG
...
aIWI,_,rt toj~
~
oaly
veot im~itiOD, uvusta or mud.

A IaW)'tlr ahaU not revea) conIiclPncea_

~
olhit cliont a~
"'Mn authoriucl by the d~nt at.
lIC'quaintina: him oftho C'OMOqUt'neet
of'tho di.dOluro;

em.- ....utiliIed~ '" IWa.-.,....

rrv. ..

cIoIiDa
- ... .
f1ltbediat.
awe 21.06

aule21.07

RuIt' 21.03

WIM'O n'quiftld by law;

A 1a"Y'" alwll not. to the diaadvantaae

of' hia dit>nt, U80 In"lrmatJon I(qulftld
lD tho ('\lUI'IIOof .ftll,lll),mt'nt, nor ahalt
he UIIO the IIIInt' to hi. own advantap
or that of. third ~l'1IOn, unlt'tll the cll.
tnt with f\all knl)wlt'dp
the dmam
atalk't'e c:nl\lt'ntl tht'",to.

or

Ruletl.OS

Rule 21.04

Rule 21.05

A lawyvr .hllll not, without tho wriU('n

col\lt'nt or hi. eliont, riv~ In(ormation
hm hia niH to an outlido ftpncy 8C!Ctk
Inc .uch Inrurmation for audiUnc, eta
tiatkal, boukkC!C!plng, accounting, data
proceuina:, or 8"1 .imilM pUI'pOllO.

or

A lawyer mil)' dillclOlO the affaln

a
client of the Rrm to partnen or auod.
atee thereof unlOll prohibited by the
client.
A lawyer .hall adopt lueh meaaurca ..
may be required to prevent those w'"

lltioQ aboIat 1 clieD&..

aft'ain teD with

IllelDben f1lhia ra.u,.

A Ia.,. IhaD DOt ....... that he baa

beea ~tecl
about 1 partiaalar cue
neept to lvoid pouible CIODnkt fIIlD.
A LAWYER SHALL WITHDRAW HIS
SERVICES ONLY FOR GOOD CAUSE
AND UPON NOTICE APPROPRIATE
IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES.

CANON 22

Ru1e22.01

\\'hf'n nt'l1Ilftry to collt'tt hia fOIl

c)
or to d,'f,'nd himlll'tr, hi. t'mplo)'ON or
auonatl'l or by Judicial .rUon.

A 1a"7lr IhaD lvoid IDdiIereet CIODftI'o

tereet.

a)
&er

b)

III

A lawyer IIIaJ withdraw hit .",.eM 10

1"1 or tho foUowl", euee:

I) Whon tho ellont PUrlUN an lIlll,,,1

or Immoral COUI'II fII conduct In connec\Ion with tho .. tt. he la handllq;
b) When tho client IMiatI tII.t tho
lowytlr punuo condun yloh,tive ofthDllO
eanoM and ruiOll;
c) When hIa inability to work with
CHOUnaelw," not promote tho t-t In
toreat of tho ellent.;

cl) Whon tho monlal or ph"kal eon

clition 01 tho
rendore It dlfneult
for him to eaJ17 out tho employmcmt
ef1'ect.lvel)'i
) When tho cllont dellborately ran.

Ie.,.,

:,,,

tho r.. Corthe aorrleee or Calleto

with the fttalner epement;

When the lawyer Ie eIectod or appointed to public of1kei and

,) Other lindler c:ueL

BAR REVIEWER IN LBGALANDJUD1ClAL mnCS

Rule 22.02

A lawyer who withdraw. or is clia.

c:barged shaD, subject to a retainer IieQ,
immediately tum over aD pallel'!s IIId
property to wbic:b the ~n~ is entitled,
and shaD cooperate WIth his suCCessor
in the orderly tranaC~r 0( the !Datter,
including aU information necessary for
the proper habdling 0( the matter.

CODE OF JUDICW"

CONDUCT

PREAMBLE

Rule 2.02 - A judge ebould

ICJD8l vainglory.

A JUDGE SHOULD UPHOLD 11IE INTEGRITY AND

INDEPENDENCE OF 11IE JUDICIARY
Rule 1.01 - Ajudge should be the embodiment of competence, integrity and independence.

leek publicity for per_

Rule 2.03 - Ajudge aball DOt allow family, social, or other

relationships to influence judicia) conduct or judgmenL The
prestige of judicial ot1iee shall DOt be used or lent to advance the
rivate intereata of others, nor convey or permit others to conthe impression that they are in a special position to influence the judge.

:e,

Rule 2.04 - Ajudge eha1l refrain from inlJuencing in any

Inner the outcome of litiptioD or dispute pending before
~
court or administrative agency.

An honorable, competent and independent judiciary exiata to aclminiater justice and thUi promote the unity or the
country, the stability of government, and the well-being or the
~ple.

CANON!

DOt

CANONS
A JUDGE SHOULD PERFORM OFFICIAL

DUTIES HONESTLY. AND WITH IMPAR11ALITY

AND DWGENCE
ADJUDICATIVE

RESPONSmlLlTlE8

Rule 3.01 - Ajudaelhall be faithful to the law and maintain proleaaioDal competence.
eft
cue a judge IhaII endeavor dillRule 3.02 - In ry
, the
1icable law unawayed
t1 to ascertain the facta and
app
.. .
interests, public opinion or fear or mticl8m.

Rule 1.02 - Ajudge should administer justice impartiaDy

and without delay.

:;n~

Rule 1.03 - A judge should be vigilant against any attempt to subvert the independence of the judiciary and resist
any preaaure from whatever source.

Rule 3.03 - A judge Ihall maintain order and proper decorum in the court.
.
should be patient, attentive. and COlli'Rule 3.04 - AJ~
inex rienced. litigants, witteoua to lawyers, ea~ly
':efore:e court. Ajudge should
DeUea, and others appe~nto
the attitude or mind that the
avoid
unconsciously
ratlinc~.....
tead or the courts (or the
litigants are made for the ......._ IDS

CANON I
A JUDGE SHOULD AVOm IMPROPRIETY
AND THE APPEARANCE OF IMPROPRIETY
IN ALLACTMnEs
Rule 2.01 - Ajudge should so behave at aU times to pr0mote public COnfidencein the integrity and impartiality of the
judiciary.

.
oCtile court's busiDHI
shall
d~the _.,uiml lit'riods.
Rule 3.05..I_...:..I_
- A:...a_
'W
cases WI n
,
promptly and ueauc
. lice pre.
:..1_ ~
to promote JUS
Rule 3.06 - While aJ-;'me ~rity.
propl'rly intt'~
vent waste oC time or clear up

litigants.

J........

..

,- rtf~ ~~ lrll,~"'J I ''~a.,ill ,Ii

11"

i J-:I

II

It

J'r Jli

III IJ If I i

r;

..

11~ J!tl

e.

is I

II'Jili! i lUi u :i ili

tlt

i i.. tll ll[q i Itt

nJrHHf U~HIJ l~rill ~
-~I'-,i' J ,_II ~tJ,l 'It
1: I
J 11hI, r I..t:: ;J t I"
1f1'1~ l

,'il
,

~2

!;.

~ l}

--III

~~'Ill

II

..

,.

In sj! 11 t 1(E I, t. fir f U' f .1. f

t~ r;~i~
,I,
~:i1'
f.,~
j
II!tt!I
if
i
f~fl
ii' >: a ~
J: f
-:ft.l & iii p- . 8'1~jl fa.,
8

'!4

!2

'I J:~~"

,:I~a~il'J
'I tIf

>-

II'

r:

r j:

it

'f;so ~

u~fg~Ss
tt.
I
"If
~al~ I.r

!rIaffr a.8 I
1el t'

n ~~ l1'ff..'r~
toS' 90

II ; ~

If:,' r

t
f
'6
i..

i
I

g. ~

i~ i

1 '~ :,
1f;'1,J1' itr.

1,c- ~
a

S4

f~r

:r

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~4

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a.

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..

JAIl JEYIIWIIIN

LEGALAND.n1D1CW.

..

maca

(a)

apeak. write, teeture, teach or participate ill aetiYl.

tilt c:onceminI the law, the lepJ s)'Item and the acbninistr;

aDd ~~~anciaI
Intenata .. to minimize the Dumber 0(
C8881e ....... IfOUDda (or dilquaJi.ftcation.
.

tioD o(juItice:

Rule 6.03 - Subject to the provlsioas 0( the precedtn,

may hold and manap InY8ltmenta but IhouId _
_.,. ~ an of6cer, ~,
1IIaDapr, adviIor, .. employee 0(
aD1 buL"" except .. director of a ramn, bucn_
0( the

(b)

appear at a public beariDI Wore a

leciaIati"

aecutiw bocIJ 011 mattm coocerDiDc the law, the IepI ~

.. the adm;nWratiOD 0( justice and othenriee CODsult 1ritII
them 011 _tten coacemiDI the adminiItrat.ioa ol.iustice;

2 :

Rule 6.04 - A judge or an, Immediate member 0( the

(aInily aball not aeeept a gift, bequest, f'aYOl' or lou from an),one exeept .. may be allowed by law.

CANON I

Rule 6.06 - No information acquired in ajuclicial capacshall be ueed or cliIcJoeecl b)' ajudp In Ul1fiMnci1 deaIinI
,. for any other purpoae not related to JudjdaI actmtiee.

tice.

.-

I:

ity

AoRJDGB SHOULD REGUlATE

Ii

t
J

EX'l'RA.JUDICIAL

AC'1'1VmE8 TO IIINIMIZB THE RISK 0,. CONPUcr

. wrra .JUDICIAL DVT1E8

judie.

eene 011 aD1 orpnization devoted to the im.".."._

meot 0( the Ia., the 1epl.,.tem or the administration of io_
(c)

rule. aJudp

AVOCATIONAL,CMC,ANDCIlARlTABLEACTIVITJEs
Rule 6.01 - AJudIe may enpp In the (olIowiue actiYithet tbe7 do _Interfere with the performanc:e fII
judidaJ cIutiet or detract hID the dilnity or the court;
~

plOficlecl

(a)

write, lecture, teach and speak on DOn-Jeplsubject.;

enpp In the uta, lporta, and other lpecial recreational adivitiel;

(b)

(c)

putidpate

(d)

...,.

.. an

FIDUCIARY

AC'I1VITIES

Rule 6.06 - A judge should not .. rw .. the eseculor,

admin!.trator, trustee, ruardlan, or other Odudary. escept (or

the eetate, trust, or penon of a membar or the immediate (amOy, and then only If' such aervlce will not Interf'ere with the
proper perf'onnance or judldaJ duu.. .... mber 0( bnmecllat.e
f'amOY' mall be Umlted 10 the IJIOU88 and relati .. wItbin the
8ICODCI depee of c.'IIIIIUDJUinit)'. AI a f'amiI, ftduc:iarJ. a JucIp

shall DOt:
0( ..

(1) aene In proceedinp thet ml",t came beIore the court

Id Judie: or
(2) act .. luch contrary to Rul.. 6.02 10 6.06.

in civic and charitable activities;

omc.r. director.

. 1nI_.__

=~~orDOD-poIitical,
or ciYic orpnilation.

trustee, or DOn-"" Meducational. reliliou, chart-

nNANClALAC'1'1V1T1E8

.....
:~!.~t

~:::-sh.ll"'hln
fromOnanclaland buaf.
partJaUt,. Intertere with :::.ref1oc:t..dve .... 1J on the court".m
Uvltlee, or Inereue In
proper perf'OMnance ofJuclldal ..
10 come bet. the voIvement .ith I.wyera or peraona Ilk."
ore
court. A Juclre should manare Inveetmeng

PRACTICE OF LAWANDO'nIER PROFESSION

Rule 6.07 - Ajudp ahaIl no& e...... 1n the private practice 0( Ia.. Unleaa prohibited by the ConatitutioD or .... a
Judre may engll.., In the practice 0( an, other prof_loa ".
vided that luch practice will not conOict or tend to conflict with
JudlclallUnctlonl .

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Rule 6.08 _ A jurlle

.. required b, law.

shin

make

run Onanrial

tliloIUre

It.1II

BAit nlC\'IP!WlCn IN 1,It(IAI,AHII JUI'll~IALtrllll~"

ICXntA.JUl)lClAL AI'I'()lNTMIC~
nul. 8.00 _ AJudp _".11 nut It'ft!pl a"polnllll8hl or d...
"""lion to .ny III\'ney pt'rfonn1ng qUR.I-Judlclal or ad"" ...

APPENDIXF

tnU .. lbndlon .

..
4

~
j

i
t

COMPLIANCE WITH TUB CODE OF .rt1DICIAL

All judpa ahall etrlctly comply with thie Code

BAR MAnER NO. 850

POLITICAL ACTIVITIES
RuielUO _ AJ...
enUtledtoentertalnpenonal
....
OIl political qUelUonl. But to .wld eulpldoD or pollUeaI fMI1I.
.. nlhlp, a Judp Ihall not make poIIUca) lpeeeh , eontrlbuta
to partylbncia, publicly enclone candidate. for political 0...
parUdpat.e In other partlNn poIlUcaJ act1vfUee.

CONOUer

RE: MANDATORY CONTINUING LEGAL

EDUCATION
RESOLtmON
ADOPTING THE REVISED RULES ON THE CONTINtIING
LEGAl. EDUCATION FOR MEMOERS OF THE
INTEGRATED BAR0' THE PHIUPPINES

..

DATE OF EFFECTIVITY

....
j
1

..

;
1

Con.iderin. the Ru_ OD the Mandato~ Continullll La(MCL!) ror memben o(thelntepted
Bar o(tIIe
Philippin .. (IBP). ncommended by the IBP. encloned by the
Philippine Judicial kMemy. and reviewed and pa.aecI upon by
the Supreme Court Committee on Lelal Education. \he Court
hereby relolvea to approve. uit hereby approv ... the rollowllll
Reviaed Rul.. ror proper implementation:

ial Education
Thia Code, promulpted
efl'ec:t on 20 October 1989.

OIl

6 September 1989 abaU teb

'

Rule 1. PURPOSE
SECTION 1. p",po. 0( lIN MCLE. - Continulnllepl
education Ie requirecl or memberI 0( \he Int.qrated Bar or the
Philippln .. (IBP) to IftIUN that tbrouIhout their career. tbeJ
keep abreast with law and jurilprudence. maintaiD \he ethic
or the proression and enhance the .tandarda or the practice 0(
law.

Rule I.MANDATORY CONTJNVING LEGAL

EDUCATION

(2)

~IIW'"or tbeee Rul..

MCLE. -

SECTION L
monthl from \he approwat

0(1/N

lSI

WitbiD two
by \he Supreme

Court Eo BaDe. the MCLE Committee IhaIl be COD8tituted 'lid

IhalJ commence the implemeDtation of the Mandatory COQ.
tinuinl Lep] EducatioD (MCLE) pJ"Ol'Ul iD accordance "ith
thneRuies.
.
SEC. 2. &qllWnw"" 0( compktiDlt 0( MCLE. - ltI,....
ben the mp oat aempt aader Rule 7 ahaIl complete ~
tbrw (3),.,. at Ie_ thirty- (36)boun of COD~uioc ltPl
education IldiYitieiaptNOied by the MCLE Committee. orlht
36hours:
L
At .... lis (6) hours IhalJ be devoted to legal tthic:a
equlvaleat to sis (I) credit DDitL
b.
At least (our (4) hours IhalJ be devoted to trial aDd
pre-trial skills eqaIvaIeat to foar (4) credJt 1ID1tL
Co
At least Ihe(S)boarsahall
be cInoted toaltenaati ..
dispute reaoIution eqaIvaIeat
to JIve (I) creclit aaitL

..
At least mae (9) boars shaD be cInoted to updates 011
.w.tantive and procedural ..... andjurisprudence equivaJeDt
to alae (9) credit aaitL

e. At least (our (4) boars shaD be cInoted to legal Wri&m, and oral ."0CK7 eqainIeat to roar (4) credit 1IIlita.
At least two (2) boars IbaII be cInoted to iaferDa.
tionaIla .. and interaational ClD ... eatioaa eqaiYllleat to two
(2) credit aaitL

f.

..
'!be mn'lninc lis (6) bourw IhalJ be devoted to lUCIa
IUbjeda ..
be prwcribed by the MCLE(4nmltteeequl .....
Iea& to sis (I) crecUt aaitL

IU,

SEC. 2. Compliall Groa".. - Memben ol the lOP not

exempt ~m the MCLE I"tqUirement IhaII be divided into three
(3) compliance lI'Oupe, namely:
a.
Compliance FOUp I. - Memben in the National
Capital RegiOD (NCR) or Metro Manila aft UIiped to CompU.
aace Group 1.

b.

Compliance FOUP 2. - Yemben in l.uJOD ou'-ide

c.

Complia~ I'OfIP 3. - Memben in Vasayu and

aft Ulipecl to Compliance Group 3.

NCR are auiped to Compliance Group 2.

MiDdanao

Mevertbeleu, memben ma)' participate Sa anylepl

eclueatioa aetivllJ wherever it ala)' be available 10 e.....
credit DDit towanl compliaace wltIl tile &leLE reqairemeaL
SEC. 3. Contpliottct pniDd 0( IIWmiwra tIIbraitUd 01' rwMl
mittl G{kratobli.ltllWltl o(llw propurt. - )Iemben..tmiued
or readmitted to the Bar after the estabUaluaent the pr0gram ahaIl be auignecl to the appropriate Compliance Group
based OD their Chapter membenhip 011 the elate 01admi.ion or
readmiuioa.

Tbe initial COIIIpIiaDI:e period after admiIeioD or ...... mi ..

IIioD shaIJ beIiD 011 the lint ela, ol the _tb
admiwioo or
readmission ancllhaD eacl GIl the ..... clay .. that aD other
memben in the .... CompliaDl:e Group.

L
Where rour (4) monthl or .... mnain ol the initial
compUance period after edmiMiOD or readmiuioD. the member
is DOt nquirecl to comply with the propam nquiremeDt 'or the
initial compiw-.
b.
Where more thaD bIr (4) _tba mnain ol the ini
tiaI compiw- period after edmi ........ .-dmiesjqn, the member shaIJ be required to COIIIpieW. ~
eiboars
apptOitel
CDDtia
IepJ educatioD acth'itiel equal to the aumber
IDODtbam:maiDinc in the coaapliaDCIt period ill wbicb the~ ...
ber is ..tmitted or readmitted. Such member abaD be ~
to complete a aumber ol boun ol eclucatjon in legal ethics ~
proport; III to the aUJDber eilDODthi mn'iniac
ill the compliriocl. FnctionI olboars IbaIl be rauaded up to the ant

ance,

whole "~Ibilier.

APPENDIX r '
Rule'" COMPVTATION OF CREDIT UNITS

t.6

COlli-

IiaDcIe with the MCLE requiremeDt under the Rules, baaed OQ

~ category of the lawyer. participatioD ill. the MC~ ~
The follcnriDl are the pideliDea for computing credit wuta aDd
the aupportiDc docwDeDta required therefor:
IUPPOIlTINO

CUDIT lOO'I'I

PIIOOUMII
ACnVrrr
L .........
COIt~
J:DUCA1ION .....

WNI
.........

-.,..,..ftAlROVlDJItiOV.-

DOC1JIaHrI

......
~
Df.IIOWa
DW.OCRJM.1IOUNDT.Uq

.....

JUa.\DD IIlIU8

I cu PER HOUR or

LI PAJtJ1CIPIUft't
ATTENDD

A1'l'BNIWfCB

auu'ANDonaa

c:anncA'I1I
AftDIJWfCB

NUMHR

U LECnlRER
RE80URClI
IIPEAKEIt

PULL cu JOlt 'nil

IU&lBCTPER
OOIO'LlANCll: PDlOD

III orcu fOR 'nil

BUaJaCTPD

PlUIBI.l811
lIEACl'OIl
OOIOlEftrATOIII
1I000000TOIII
OOORDlNA'I'OIII

OOIIPUAHCE PERIOD

or

wmr

or IIOUR8

PHOTOCOPY or
PLAQUI: oa 8I'OH801l'I

CBltTlPlCAnON
CDnPICATION PIIOII
8PONIORINO OIIOAIQ.
ZA110N

LAWBOOKor Nor
Ll8811W1100

ruu.cu

FOR 'nil

IU&lBCTPER
COMPLIANCE PDlOD

PAGB8

U BOOKIDITOa

III OPTHE CU or
.wnrOIl8HlPCAT.
IOOIlY

IA

lIB8lWICH PAPa
lNNOVATIVB
PROGRAMI
CREATIVB
PRO.IECT

or

LIIOALAJl'ftCLB
AT LEAST 'I1IN (101

PACI8

s.a

PROFES80RW.

CJWRIBAIl
REV1EW LIiCT1JRa

PUBIJSHED HEWSI.I!\'o

TER!.IOt1ItNAL
PULL CU JIOII TIIB
SUlI.ItCT PEa
OOJlPl.lANCE PERIOD

uWTBACHlNO

CER'I1FICAnON or LAW
DEAN OR BAlI UVlEW
DIlU'.CI'Oa

Rule I.CATEGORIES OF CREDIT UNITS

SECTION 1. Claam of cmlit uni,.. - Credit umt. are
either participatory

or nonparticipatory.

SEC. 2. Cl4im for pGl'ticipatory cmlit unit.. - Partidpa.Wry credit unit. may be claimed (or:
(a) Attending .pproved education activities like .minare. conferences, conventiona. aympoaia, inhouae education
program workshop'. dialogue. or round table di8cuaaion.
(b) Speaking or lecturing. or acting "Uligned
panelilt,
'reactAr. commentator. resource speaker. moderator, c:oordinawr or facilitator in approved education activities.

(c)

Teaching in a Jaw achool or lecturin, in a bar review

el....
participatory
riod for:

L AI1I'lIOR8lUP, BDlTIHOAND RBVDW

1.1

I CU PIll ISSUI

SEC. 3. Cl4im for nonparticipatory cmlit utUU. - Non-

rAoClUTATOa

.IOlI1INAL

EDITOR

SECTION 1. G_'inn. - CREDIT UNITS ARE EQUI_

VALENT TO CREDIT HOURS. CREDIT UNITS measure

LEGAL NEWSu:r.
1'E~W

III or cv FOR THE

PUBLI8HBD BOOK

I'U8LIIIHBD lOOK
WI'IH PROOF NJ mrroa

credit unit. may be claimed per compliance pe-

(a) Preparin" .. an author or COoauthor.written materiala publi8hed or accepted (or publication, ,.g., in the (onn or
an article, chapter, book, or book review which contribute to the
legal education orthe author member, which were not prepared
in the ordinary coune of the member'. practice or employment.
(b)

ditin,a

Jaw book, law journal or Iepl newsletter.

DVLY~

IU&lBCTPER
COMPLIANCE PDlOD

PUBUSHID TICHNI.
CAL RlPOR'M'APER

III or cv JIOII THE

IUlIJICT PIa
ClOIIPUANcZ PDlOD

l'U8LI8HDAJma.B

Rule 8. COMPUTATION OF CREDIT HOt1R8

SECTION 1. Compul4tion ofcrtdit Iaou,.,. - C~it ~rI

are computed hued on actual time lpent in an educaUo~ actiyity in houra to the nearest onlHlulU1er hour reported m decimals.

..

lIAR Rl\1E'A"El1N LEOALANDJUDiCIAL mllcs

Ai'PENblX ,

SEC. 2. alMr parti" enmpltd from 1M IICLB. - The

Rule 7. EXEMPTIONS
SECTION 1. Porlill mmpttd (rom 1M MeLE. - The
fbllowi", IMmben or the Bar are elempt from the MeLE ....
qul...... nl:

Ca) 'I1te PrNldt'nl and the Vice Prell dent

plnN, and the 8retarlH and Undenrelarlee

or the Philip.
or EIlIlIyt

Dtopart ... nl8l

lb,

Stonllton and Memben

or the 1I0IIlM! or R"P""lIfOnt..

U"'"
l~' ~ Chief' JUIIUce and AJllloclate JU"tlCl'1 or til. 8u
pl'l"ml' Court. lhl'Umlll'nt IIl1dn>UI'f!dmetnlll'r. or thp Judlflll
Inrumlll'lIl menllll'n or the Judicial nnd bnr Counl'1I nlld I~
~nl'll'n\ roIIrl IlIw1"n l'(1t'1'f!d hyth" l'''IIII'I,lti' Judle'''d ArAd.
em)',,"pm or l'UIIUlluhlM JIIIIII.'Inl P,lul'RUlln;

"Ie

(d,
ChlefShlle Cuu" ....I. Chl..rA"".I'nlllt'rutor
ANI,lA'" 8tortetArI... the lJt.pAtlllllllt JUJltll'91

or

or

al14l

rollo"lnI Memben or the Bar .,. Ilk...

(a)

IIti

ttl nil' ()\I\'tINII" ..,,1 ('lIrl,uralct emill"I'I,

A_llltAnl o.,.pnlllll ...l Cllrl,"rllill Cmllllll'''

1,'' 111
r.IIIIIII'IIIIllInlll

('II"lrllll'''

M.. tI M"lIIllC'r" Clr Ih.

1)",'1111 .,HI

I.".

(tom tufI1pllllnr8 with or mlldllkllUnn tllln, ot,....N'If"I,,,,,...,,f

Intludill,"n ellfAo""k,,,
ror ",,"JlUIIJIt'4t.ln l'f"II.~
with
pronodu,., to be .,..taltli"hfod try tf.fo Mel.E Cmnmlt .... ,

"'t1,,...

m 11..",1"",,'
"1.11\II",,k.1I1l

... ""11'

I "I'C.IIIIIIIIIIII,,"IJIIIII.
, "IIIIIIC'.....

Illwwt
..!:~::':'l
IlttIlIIII , I"IIvlllwor
nd pn,rltllllOn
1M'r""IIICld law "'hlll~~ I",rl..n"" Ill, .t 1IIIIIIl ton C10' lolln
:i

01
In

Tho Clullwll r, VIre.Ch nnrtlllllr nnd mOllllNlI'II o(lh.

C.orpIIll)oIl'NrN.o
pine Judlrial Jt._ ..~ an Pnd,rllllllOrI.1Loclllr'el'll or the Philip....-.....my;.n
(1)

OoYemol'll .nd Mayoi'll.

.,,"n

flJl,(! ... ('/,unll' fJf ./,,/u . - ".. tflfn.,lIl1nre ~ItAf

"".'" "n lIMo n,,,t
1M """,,ft In .J.lth 1"..."',.."
fA
till " m'" u""", KtottI,,,,.I. 2. or II tI ,I,I"lIul4l.,", 1I
11ft
If "nl(l lill, I. thlt ",.11 IIf.I"" """"....,. 'n &IMo .aIM CMn"ft..

t'n,.,.,.
f'._

d",,,,

.nt'e (1,,,,,p.

HJr.C. 5. /',,,,,, ",

trllm

"""I'fl"",~,A".,'It:,.t"" (f" ~JI(It'"

"".dln,,.U,,,, ,1 U..... (;""

OIIlh '''''' IIU"JII"tfod I".
Iff

"'ltu"...,,".

,.,fll'"'nfJ''' ",11I.... ",."

flul" III .,rANUAIt"" ,UH AI'I'JCIIVAI,"'

C",u.llluUIIf'AI

(M ",,, (llllh",I.IIII1I1, II... OYttr,,1I ""111111Chlllll"I,,", .. n

th"!~IIII~ Umhllll.III1II1 IIlIIllh. PlIItIl'I"II'''''''ttrllh,' elrIh C)(:
n '" 0... 1'11111111111111"",
II

ThOR who Ire not In law prlcUte. priyale ", puMIt.

(b) Thoee who hl.e rtoUred rrom .. " prarliN with the
IPproval or the lOr Board 01Oovflmorl.
SEC. 3. Good wu" It" a,mpl",,, from", moJi(lt'fJIi(JII ",
tff/ulrfmr,,', - A memlHlr mil, file a wrrIrH'CI ,..,qUf'llt IPlU".
forth 1',00 cau ... ror ellt'IOI'IIIIn ''Iurh All ph,,,lral dill.hilit,. IIIfM'III. potrt J(,ad"afAo IItUII,II,,,",d. prtrYfI" ... ,..rth'" III
1M.,

(", nil' &lll'Illlf U""l'rRI Iud th, A,"d ..llmt "',,111'11

(.t.IIPtllh

aempt:

r.UII(;A,.,UHM:,nVIUr."

HJr.' !'I',O'" 1

.4",,,,,,,,,1 ,t( 1rI(.'/,/t ,,,.~,,,,,,,

"1111".",,,",,,11'''''' "'.,II,.U"".lI .. , ",.,

C"""11U .... , ('IIIlU""I, ., 11>.,.1I0Il."... ,.,,,.

.... 1Iu'tjW't til

.... wt.",.... ." u

' :ue
".nW

pr'",.", ", ,
'l'I"".,,'ln .!llt .., II( IWII(31 w.y.: f J I U.. JIf,,.,....., ,A tt.. IMU~
III '" .n IWCI,..d.",d "",.,Id..,
,*,,1"&be IdIYlI,
m...... t'lII """"rI. ,,( twc:U"n2 II( tI.l. 'III'''. altd 121u... ",.,.Idotr
II 1I1""ln,~.II,,nllRd.tAl4 b, ww III prwlda olfltlnulll' .. pI ... .,.

.,td

U,.,

t.lIun.

Sf-C. 2. R,,,,,,llIrJ. {II'oll.,IUI'II("'" od,,,U,, . - AI, 0_

lInulnlllclgllltlduclIlltlfl ~ylliel muat""'" tIw &,I..,.tnc ........
.rd ..:
(a) The ICtiyity ..hllll ha ... ,,,,,incant cworeM ."taU.,.
tU1l1 or prnd1eal CllnWnt.

..

BAa IIIYJIWIR IN Ll(JALAND .JUDICIAL ITIDca

APPENDIxr

1be 8diYit11ha1l

COIIItitute aD orpnizecf ~
~ IeamiDt related to JepJ IUbJedI and the lepI p~
lDducliq crGII pcoflllim ldiviti .. ('.... ac:countiDg_taa
medical-Iepl) that eDhoCe I
akilll or the abilit, to ,,:.
Uee law. u weD .. wbjedlln I
writint and oral acI~
(b)

1be activitylhall be conducted by a Provider

adequate proleuiona) experience.
(c)

1ritb

..

.cd.lt1. '!be ofIiciaI rec:ord oIattandlDCllhaD

CGIltaiD the IIIIIDin the RoO 01Attonae,s IDd IhaII ideDtiI1 the time. date, location, IUbject matter. ucllqth 01 the
education aCtivity. A copy of IUCb l"ICOrd IhaD be fumiebed the

.,.,.. oame aad number

"CLE COMMlTl'EE.
(b)

The provider ahaU certify that:

(1) Thil activity Iw been apprOved BYTHE MCLE

COMMITTEE in the IIDOUDt of
. houri 01 which

Where the 1ctMt.Y illDOI"t than one (1) hour in ~

eubetanU,. written materiala mUit be diltributed to all Participate. Such mat.eriall mUll be diltributed at or before tbe
time the ~tyll
oI'ered.

_
houri will apply in (lepI ethiCi. etc.), .. appropriate to the content of the activity;
..

(e) ID-hou. eclucatiollllCtivitiel mUll be echecluled at

time ucllocatioll 10 .. to be tree from Interruption like ...:.

prcmcl education activitiee preecribed by tbeee RuIea ucl

IIUCh recuIatioDe u may be preecribed b7 the MCLE COM-

(d)

epboae caUa ucl other clietrac:UoDI.

(2)

The activity conforms to the etaadarda for apo

MlTl'EE.
The provider ehaII iIIue a record or certificate to aD
partidpante identifYinl the time, de".locatiOD, eubject matter
ancllensth the activity
(c)

Rule t.ACCBEDITA'I10N

OF PROVIDERS

SECTION 1. AccreditGtion O!proviU". - AccrecIitatioa

otproviclen eIWl be doDe by the MCLE Committee.
SEC. 2. Requirenw,.,. (or flrwUtotion of PI'Ofl;u,.,. _
or poup ~
be IICCredJted .. a provider for a
term ~ two (2) ,..,.., which IDI1 be renewed. upon wriUea
...,uc.tioIl.AD JIIOtideu~ ClllDtinllinllepJ education 1ICtivitiee,
lDdudlac iD-boaee PlO'"", are eUcible to be MCredlted pro.
Yidera. AppIic:atioa for lICCIedltatioa 1baU:

An7 peI'IOIl

(a)

Be eubmittecl OD a form provicled by the MCLE C0m-

(b)

Coatain aD iDformaUcm requlltecl in the form;

(c)

Be accompanied by the appropriate

mittee;

approval f...

SEC. I. Reqldmrw,.,. of aU provUk". _ All a roved

MeNdJted JII'OYiden IhaU ...
to the followfn,:
PP
(a) AD omciaI record
..!A.I __
u
ecUvi17ahaDbe
" the attendance
at the
,..,. after the
b7 the provider for at leut four(")
IIIeDlber OD the oftIciaI recorcl~ ..". provtcler lballlDdude the
her ....
tare ... ""',Inecl at theatt.e nclanceonly if the IDeIIIu or attendance at the
me

=::.~"'-.1

or

(d) The provider ehaII allow in-penon observation or all

approved continuing legal eclucetion aetivity by THE MCLE
COMMITI'EE. membere of the mp Board 01 Govemore. or
deIipeH of the Committee and mp Board Cor ~
of
moaltoriDc complianc:e with theM Rules.
(e)

The provider ebaII iDdicate in promotioDaI mat.eri-

.. the nature of the activity. the time cIevot.ed t.o each to~
ucl identity of the inItnacton. '"" provider IhaIl mUe available to each participant a copy oITHE MCLE COMM~Eapproved Education Activity Evaluation Form.
(n The provider ehall maintain the completed Education Activity Evaluation Forme (or a period of not lela than one
(1) year after the activity. copy fumllhed the MCLE COMMIT-

TEE.
(,) Any pereon qr poup who conductllD una~thorized
activity UDder tIUa p""_m or iIIuea a epurfoua ~ftcat.e in
YIolation of th ... Ruld ehaII be IUbject to .ppropnate aaactiona.

SEC 4 .Mwal of prrw/IlIr ~.,

..... - ".. ..
of a provider may be NIWWecl""rJ two (2, ynra.

erecIlta~

140

""""'R IN L(lALANDJUUICIAL ETiIlt'S

BAR KEVI", " "

A)'PENDlXP

It may be denied iCthe provider fail~ to comply. with a?yoftbe

.
ts of these Rules or fada to provIde aatlsfa"'reqwremen
--"'..od
~"'I)
education activities for the p~-""UlDg pen

SEC.

5. &Vocalion 0{ prou;ckr accreditation. - The

accreditation of any provider referred to i~ Rule 9 may be
revoked by a miVority vote of the MCLE CommIttee, after notice
and hearing and for good cause.
Rule 10. FEE FOR APPROVAL OF ACfMTY
ACCREDITATION OF PROVIDER

AND

SECTION 1. Pa,m~nl 0( fl. - Application for approVal

of an education activity or accreditation as a provider require.
payment of the appropriate fee as provided in the Schedule of
MCLE Fees.
Rule 11. GENERAL COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
SECTION 1. CompliaR cord. - Each member shall IeCUI'e.fi'Omthe MCLE Committee a Compliance Card before the
end of his compliance period. He ahaJJ complete the card by
attesting under oath that he baa complied with the education
requirement or that he ls exempt, apeciCying the nature of the
exemption. Such Compliance Card mU8t be returned to the
Committee not later than the day after the end of the member's
compliance period.
SEC. 2. Memberrecord _pi". requirement. - Each memo
ber ahaJJ m~tain aufficient record of compliance or exemption, copy ~hed
the MCLE Committee. The record required
to ~ proVIded to the members by the provider pursuant to
Section 3(c) of Rule 9 should be a sufficient record of attendance
at a participatory activity. A record of non'participatory activity
s~1 alao be maintained by the member, as referred to in Section 3 of Rule 5.
Rule 12. NON-COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
I . SECTION 1.Wlaat C01l8lilula nan-compliGnce. _ The fol.
OWingshall constitute non-compliance:

hi

(a) Failure to complote the education requirement within

the compliance period;
(b)

Failure to Provide attestation

or compliance

or ex.

emption;
(c) Failure to provide aatiafactory evidence of compll.
ance (including evidence of exempt status) within the prescribed
period;
(d) Failure to aatiafy the education requirement and fur
nish evidence of such compliance within sixty (60) da,. fi'Om
receipt of non-compliaDce notice;
(e)

Failure to pay no~-compliance fee within the pre-

scribed period;
(0 Any other act or omlaaion analogoU8 to any of the
foregoing or intended to dmunvent or evade compliance with
the MCLE requirements.

SEC. 2. Non-compliGnce notice end 6IJ.d4, ~riod to at

- Membel'l failing to comply will receive. a
Non.Compliance Notice stating the apecific: deftciency and WIll
be given 8ixty (60) days from the date of ~ficatlon
to rue a
response clarifying the deficiency or othel"WUl8 ~
compli.
ance with the requirements. Such notice shall co.n~n the ~ol.
lowing language near the beginning of the notice m caPital
letters:

tain compliGR.

IF YOU FAIL TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE

PROOF OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE MCLE REQUIREMENT BY (INSERT DATE 60 DAYS FROM
DATE OF NOTICE). YOU SHALL BE LISTED ASA
DELINQUENT MEMBER AND SHALL NOT BE
PERMITTED TO PRACTICE LAW UNTIL SUCH
TIME AS ADEQUATE PROOF OF COMPLIANCE
IS RECEIVED BY THE MCLE COMMI'lTEE.
Members given sixty (60) days to respond to a
li
Notice may use thls period to atNon-Comp lance umbe f credit unit. for compli
lain the adequate n
r0
.'
od
Crcd't unita earned during tbJ8 pen
m.ay
::~. be co~nted toward compliance with the pnor

...

BAIt RE\1EWERIN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL mDt'S

APPENDIXP

pIiance period requiremeot uDINe anlte iD ea.

:: o(the requiremfnt .... earned, ~ whim ca.e the
eutIIII may .,. counted toward IIlftttinc the current

aaember ..

pcriocIl'C'QuilftlHlt.
R.... IS. CONSEQUENCES
NON-COMPLIANCB

SECTION I. NOII-c'OIfII'Iiorw"'. - A .............

"
whatt'Yel' 1'fUOII, II in non-compliarw at the eM olthe __ pIio
a~ ~riod ~\ll pay a noncompliftN't' r.....
SEC. I.lMti"" CII driillqwltl IfWmlw. - A awmber -ho
.ill to comply with the l"fqui"'lftCInt. an... the Ii'lty (60~
pt'riod fbr compliant h.. l'xpired. ahall be litltt'Cl .. a dt'Un.
qUMt mm,btor ot the lOP upon the I'mlmml'nd"Uon
01 tilt
NeLE C'ommitlM.'"'" In,,"UptiOil oIa IIM'm"'r IiM'DOD-aJIII.

Bar

SEC. 3. AtmtoI 0( IMmbtr.Aip tw. - M('ln_rlblp h

.tWI t'Ofttinue to atcrue at the aniw ...Ie ... Inat a blbbet
durinc the Pft'iocI .... 1Iw .. lillfd .. a clflinqUl'ftt awmber.

Rille 14. REINb"TATDIENT

.
SEmON I. I"rocn.. - The in\'Oluntary liatin .. a deli.nqUftlt m.m~r shall be t.rminRtfd when the member proYldM proo(oIeomplianC'e 1IIith the MC1. I't'quirelllt'nt. indudinc pIl)"1neIlt 0( nonoCOmpllance fee. A member IDa,1 altain tht
IlK I F ~t
uni~ to mHt the requirement for the period vi
DOIIoCOmpliaDC'e cIurinr the period the member .. on inactiw
taiUl. 'I'hMe credit unit. ma,y not be CIOUntfdtoward meeti",
the current compliance period requi ... ment. Credit unit.
eanaed durilll the period 01non-c:ompliance in excea 01 the
Dum~r needed to .aU.ry the prior compliance period
reqUI ::at
may be ~untecl toward meetinc the current
compI
period reqw...menl

I.,.

tnJIi SEC. 2.

'''~.

W,,,. 011adm,,.,,.

7l>rmi1tGtioft of~-'i,tI"'-'l'"
..
-,~.,-...
&I
- The termination of Iiating .. a delinquent

'"

Rule 11. COMMITrEE ON MANDATORY

CONI'INUINO LEGAL EDUCATION

or

pliarn IhaU be condunC'd by the 1BP'a CommiNion 011

DiaipU ...... a flldRndlne arm ohlw l\Ie1. Commltt ...

admiaiatraUw iD nature AND it IhaU be ....

\he )lCLE Committee.

SECI'ION I. CoMpoaitiOil. - n.. MeLi Commit ... 1haU

be compoeed 01 Rve (6) .... mben, nameb. a retiNCI JuadN 01
tIw Sa.,....... Court .. a.ir, and four (4) .... mbtora ~
DOminat.d by the 1Bp,the Philippine Judldal kD~
a law
center ....... ted b)t the Supreme Court and UIOriatiou "
law echooIa aNL'or law pl'QI'tWO ....
The m.mbtn "the Committee ahall be o(pI'O"WD probIt1
and lnwtrit,. n., lhall be .ppolnttd b)t the Supnme CcNrt
fbi' a .. rm 01 three \.) ,.." and .ll!\ll ~w auch com,.naa
lion .. ...., be dNrmlned by the Court.
SEC. I.Duly 0(toIfI",iltw. - TIw MC'LI Coramlt ... ahaIl
and adopt IU(h Iml'lcoml'nUnc ruIH .. IU1 be DfC'o
.....,.
IUtUtct to the approYalotth. Sup",me Courllt aball, in
eouultallon with the IDP 8uard ofOowmora, prtIIIttibe a adwodWe ol NCLI .... with the .pproval of the Suprenw CcNrt.

admlnllter

SEC. 3. Stoff 0( ,11# AlCl..I Co",,";1,... - Su~Ht ..

b)' the 8uprt'me Court. the M(,1. ('ommillM IhaU
emploJ auch atatr .. IIIa1 be MeUM.,. to ,.rIiwm abe NCOnI
approv"
~
tiona.

auditinl. J't'IIOIti"l. approval _

ocher

b".,. -

IW

.,.

ftane-

SEC. 4. &.6nUIIicNt 0(011",,01

TIw MCLE Com
mittee ahaIllUbmlt to the Supreme Court lor approwal. aD
annual budpt (for a ..... idy) to Mtabllah, operate
lain the MCLE ProInm .

_lUi ...

Thia reeoIutioD ahall take .rrf'Ct on the nftftoDth 01 ~

tember 2000, &,Uowinc it. publication in two tI) Dew..,.pen 01
pneral circulatioD in the PhilipplML
. Adopt.ed &hie 22nd day of AUCUat. 2000, .. amended on 02
October 2001.

.... ".,.-

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APPINDllr

r. .

Lacol

Gouenantat

Govemon and

,.

3. The SoUdtor General and the Auiatant SoIici.

ton General;
4. The GovernJDeIlt Corpora" COlJlnle). Depu&,
and Alaiat.ant Government Corpora" Couuel;
6.
Hadaalpenunent~eureiIiuc
judJciaI functioaa;
b.

~
I

......
...,..

...

TM~

Senaton

e.

and Memben aI the Houee aI Repreeentatn..;

TM ~
1.

Bodia

The CbainneD ucl Memben aI the Coaetitu-

UonaI Commll8ioaa;

Om.,.

2. The Ombuuman, the Overall Deputy

man, the Deputy Ombuclamen and the Special Proeecut.ar
of th. Omce 01th. Ombuuman.

2. Thoee who have nUrecl from law prac:Uce with

the approval althe IBP 80ud of'Govemo ....

SEC. 8. OIMr Bumpliolu

0#' J/od;/U:alimu

For aood QUIa CIUCh uphyaical eli.. bility. m,_., poet.

puat.e
ltuciy .......
proven experUM ill law and Ilmllar
pvuocl) and eubject to approval by the COlIllDIUee, a member
.., file a Yerifled reqUllt for exempUon from compliance. or
_Iflcatlon
alany 01 the MCLI requlnmen .... includin. ex
tenalon aliime for compliance.
SEC. 7. Apprrwal ofCotali,.II.i", Ltp EdllCtJlioll Activity.

TM Judici4ry

The Chi.f Juatice and AaIodate JuKlc:ee 01 th. SUPl'8llle

Court, Incumbent and ntlrecl memben oIthe Judlduy,lDcuJDo
bent me ... ben althe Juelicial and Bar CouncIl, ancIlncumbeet
court law,en coverecl by the Philippine Judicial Aade..., pro.
..... 01 continulq judicial eclucatioD;
cl.

!iOll'PracticUv l.a~.

1.. LaW)'8l'l who an not. in practice, whether pri.

va .. or publiC; and
.

tice;

..

IDaJOn:

Low ScIIooUI katM"..

1. Incumbent deana, bar nvlewen and prot..,...

of law who have had teachlnc experience for at .... teo
(10) ,..... in accredited law IChoola;
2. The Chancellor, Vlc:e-ChancelJor ucl memben
aI the Corpe aI Prof'_n and ProI..maJ Lec:turen rJ
th. Philippine Judicial Academ,r.

Prrwrom. or

eou,..,

A coniinuio.1epl

education activity approved ror credit

nil meet the followilll .... ndardt:

..
Tbe activitylhall have
Ifltant cumnt inc.elJec.
tual or prac:tlcal content. the pri .., objective of' _hid! II to
improve the parUcipant" proIa.IonaI competence and ethical
behavior.
b. The activlty .... ll conltlwte an orpnized procram
alleaminc
related to IepllUbjeN
and the &epl prof'e.. lon,
Inc:ludinc c:ro. prof_loa activlUei C,., . aecounUn,tu or
medlcal.leial) that enhance le,al .1I1l1a or the abilit, to prac
tlce law, .. well U IUbjeN In lea_I writln,and oral advocacy.
e.
The acUvlt, .... 11be conducted by a provider with
adequate profeulonal nperlence.
d
Where the activity II more than one 11)how' in .. nllth.
8Ubata~tI .. wriUeD materiala m_ be dilltribut.ed to all parUdpanta. Such .... toria1a muat be dilltributecl at or Wore the
time the lldivity .. offered.

.......

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r
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e. ~~:lI. (,f. f!! i;! I-t II~1!i'
2
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..
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8'
.i
f t~1.r lH n c H' iH ~ h H! ii I
r;':

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~

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fir,

:I

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if'

II 2.

f'

..

oj

.. ~

4.

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ii

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~.
Ii

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A.;.

!. 1;::.

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:g I

APPENolXr
"(lOUJ'II II required to maibtaba
JII'OI'UI..

compIetioD date. The

r. at ~ four (4) yean after 'be

provicIer aball iDdude the ",!"ber ill tile

COUJWI

ofticial record f1I atfdClaDCe only iCthe mem~~ IllDAture ...

ob&aiDed at the time f1I atteQdaDce at the adiVllJ, ~
It
CIOW'Ie. The oIicial recorcIf1I attendnce ebaIl contain the -..
ber .. name ud nUIDber in the Roll of Attorneys aDd abaO __
tif1 the time. elate, IoeatioD. aubject matter, and leDeth ~ the
edueation ~
A copy f1I aucb record ahaU be fumiabed the
Committee throuIh the IBP.
b.
Tbe provider IhaIl certifY that:
1. Tbe activity hal been approved by the Comaut.
tee for _
bourt .. appropriate to th~ content ~ the
activity; and
"I. The activity comol'JDl to the .tendarda pre.
ecribed by the Rul.. and theM Implementing Reculatioaa.
"Co'
Uponthe temlmalion of the continum, lepl educa.
tion IICtivity, procram or CIOUI'M, the provider ahaU iIaue a CII'
tiftc:ate fIIatteDdanee to each partidpant identifying the time,
date,lcatioa, IUbject matter and lencth orthe activity aDd tile
number fII credit wait. eamecl.
.. n...o;ider IhaD allow inpenon obeervation fII.
~,"ed CIODtinum, IepI education IICtivities by memben fl
the IBP BoucI fllGoca aaors, the MCLE Committee. or designeeI
01 the Commiuee aDd IBP BoucI for purpoeea oIl1lC11litGriac
compli.".,. with the awe. ud theIe ImplementiDc D_.1...
1ioa&.
.-.--

. ..

Jurs penaa or croup who eonducta an unau~

1tpI. eclucatioll admtJ, pracraaa. 01' coune andIOI' __

tpUnOUa CIt.I'ti&ate in rialatioll fII the Rulee and theee RtcuJa..... aballbe suIiect tit appropriate I8Dctioa&.
.SEC.ll.~o(~"
....
ClllDtin""'l

..._

the attendance of member at ~

~.::.~
activity.

_.. conc:emed at a time aDd ..1.-

:;:

Comp/itJIw

=-

1be Ccami~ IhaD maintain cuneot recordI fl

ItpI eduratiollilr ~
la
to whom the RuJeI

the. .Implemearinc Reculatiou

Punuant to c..
tbeee recorda IhaD be made a,"aiJable to the law-

IUlttft poIiq,

ClOIlYeDient to the

Commit-

b. The conUnuinclepJ educatioa

.
eoGlPleteci by the end tbe compliance requiI'eIDaat mUll be
DOl.empt uncIer the Rulli. tbeIe ~
19d1"""
10 the Committee the credit unit. eamed ."
COIDplianCe period duly eertified ." the pI'Otidom.. ........ the

u::'t!.~

Co ~ lawyer whole report ao.. fWl compliauce with

the contiDUlDIlegaJ education requiremem IhaII be iaIUed
COIDPUance c:ard by the Committee.
a

SEC. 12. CompliGnee ProcCura

..
Each member nototherwiae GelDpt under the RuI..
whoee exempt ItatUi the Committee ID8.J tabjudicial notice
rI, ahaU IeCUre from the MeL! ColDIDitteea Compliauce Card
before the end or hiI compliance period. He Ihall complete the
card by atteatinr under oath that be hal complied with the
eclucatiOD requirement or that be it esemp&, 'pecifYiDr the
_ture
the eumplioD. Such CompliaDce Carel mUll be returned to the Committee Dot later then the day after the eDd 01
the member', compliance period.
fill

or

Each member Ihall maintain a auf6c:ieut record

01' eumptioll, copy ftarniIhed the MCLI C0mmittee. The record or certificate iIIued by the provider to aD ~
tidpanta identifYinl the time, elate, IocatioD, IUhject matter
aDd Ieacth of the activity IhaD be a IUfIk:ient record fIIatteDIIance at Reb participatorJ actmt.)t A n!CIOI'd fII DCJD-PU'tidpe.
.., activity lhaIlaJ.o be maintained by the member,
b.

complianee

Co
It a lawyer raile tit comply with &IQ' reqainmeDt
ander the Rulee, the Committee wiD ..... biD'ber a notice 01
"'-eomplianee OIl 8D1 01 the ~
def'.ciee jec

1. Failure tit CIOIDpiet.ethe education nquireIDeDl

within the compli'Ml period;
l. Failure to proricIe au.tatioll fII CIOIDpli'''''' ..
exemption:
3. " Failure 10 proviclt .. tiIlactor1 t'\"ideDce fII ODIDpliance (indudiDc evicleDc:e fII aempl uNa) withiD the
preecribed Pfriod;

BAR RICVlEWICRIN

161

LIOAL AND JUmclAL

..

EnnC8

APPlHDa,
'allure 10 .. lI.ty &he edueaUon requirelbeta(
and ru~1h Ividonre 0( eueh compliance within lilt, (60j
dll1l from ...... Ipt 01. non-compllance notlee; and

An1 other

or omlulon .na~
to an, et
tM rOf1lll'llna or IntandtlCllo dmamvent or ftade -Jilt.
a"", with the MCI.! retlulromllnta.
I.

aci

A motnhot' r"lIlI" 10 CURlpI,with the eantinul"l ~

,..1"
Non.('.omplia",- H~
Itltllll hilllwl"" dcon"leney Ind will bet liven "It, (flO. den
frnm llll ,..11" 0( lJMI nClUnt"lion 10 .11.I"In 0.. drftrlentJ.,
otl",rwlllO MOWCICln.pll.nre with 0 .. Fllqulrwm.nta. Rurh ftIIlq
"h.n bo wrlllAtn In fll,It.1 kollAtl"l.. Mlllw,:

Clttll"ltinn recalilromont will

10 the

mp 8uard o(r-.-.rnutw While he

.L_

the end af'the

compUIDC.'e period .. I
non-c:ompliance ree O(Pl,OOO.OO
and .hall be lilted u a delinquent member of the IBP ." the
IBP Board of'Govemon upon the recommendation of the MCLI
Committee, in which cue Rule 139-A of the Rulee af' Court

,.,1

It

.han apply.

SEC. 13. &illllG~IM'"

L
Involuntary liatinc U I delinquent member IhaII be
terminated when the member .ubmita proor or run compliaDce

*'-

b. ".. MCI.! Com.. lt....... 0 .. nwlMd .., ... 18'

BuIIrd 01 Qovernon af'the ,,1M1a""""'t 0( I delinquem .....

__r.

e. UpJII...IIII.. "'....nt. the IMfllber .... 0 ,., tJw IBP

,.I,.. ..."'"..nt ",. In the '''''lUllt 0( PI,OfJO.OO.

..... nd ..

A member who II innon-c:ompliaace

-v_
'- __ 1

OIl

..t""

Thl Mpn.bor mllJ UIlO the eodoy period 10 complete hil

compliance with the MCL! l"l'qulremenL Credit unl .. Nrned

I.

cwrw!

~I'"

wi"

L.

he"'" eam uw Ma!_" Chebl UAiIa &lJCIJID ...... the

'
.,en' lui tJ.. ~riod 0( "'-o,mpbaar,e. ".. c:ndjt _":.::
-' be counted &award -.un, the r.qu.iraDlnd af'the
..,..plw.c. period. An, ~
end.t !mila __
.., Iwa ..
&he prior compl"nce period nqui,...." .., IhaIJ ..
cuuna.cllDwarda lllletinc the ...... Ir.mnla ", .... 1UtPIIIt ,...
,.iantW period.

YOUlt 'AII,Ullle TO I'IIOVIUE AIlF.QtJATR JUHTI.,.

CA1'ION 'Olt NONCOMI'I,IANt:E Oil rll()U' OF COMI'J.
ANell: wrrn Tille Mel,1e IlJo:(~lJlR.:MF.NT WITJIIN flO IJAYB
'110M nrocKII'T 01' TJ 11M N(meE, RIIAI,L 11 A CAlJH!
FOlt I,IHTINO YOU AS A In:I.INQ".:NT
MJo:Mllf:n AND
8I1AI,L NOT mc 1'.:IIMITTEO TO rllAt'TICE lAW UNTIL
SUCII TIMB AS Aln:QUATE 1'11001' OF COMI'LIANCE 18
nfo:CEIVED OY TilE MCLE COMMITTY..

durl", thil period mllJ only be c:ountecltowlrd compliance

the prior compllince period nqulrelDMt urun. unl .. In ....
0( the I"l'qulrement are earned, In which cue the nceaa lILly be
counted towlrd meotI", the current compliance period ftquiNo
menL

,,,,,ffWfII

HEC. 14. fl,p.."/", P,rltJ~,

fl,,,..

The fI.mpUInc. p"rIt'" ""

I ""'Jr.bIrr .ho II ,.Inata .......

.... tUlIi,I_lnc
'WlpllnallJn, dllb.rmnt Of Nil.
,..Ulln .hall .lart on tJw ct... vi '.I ....... lIIIIIIt .nd .haJJ md 1&
the cunclu.klft 0( the ""It Cllmpll.~ perit4

hi..,..,

St;C. 16. &Wullof'M

The full"wl", II the adMdu" ", (He 10.. ,.Id ." ".,. ....

.,.ra:

Fee 10 lCCIOIIIr-nr .pplieatJon (or accndrtaUoo II

prvvicIeor ....
_ ..... _.,_ ._
P2,()f)().OO

CU

'Pl.000.00 onlJ for. awemmmt educational ~t.utIoD

ofra an lOP Chapter.

'ee to

ICCIOIIIpuJ

applicatioa lor .pproweJ af' CLI

00 per .. -- ..... UeDdee, aubjec&

the ... ft'ftft.
.,
cation ot ofracial .UendencI record
"I
~.
(A pemmeat
educatiorW iIlItitution,
Of ISP Chapcer
-_ ..,ted U MCLE .......
___;..._.
aheIICLE
r-1. DIJIIlina)
~
-,
.. ,_ .... ofP500.00
.. )_
per IPplic:atioa r.IpprvweJ of M
ecbYtt)' ........ . 't'Y ..
ediYl

e.

Pl00
N....

...,..-

~__.....
aubmi._

'ee ~ eccompaD1 .pP~tioD

"D.

'" eum~

CLE requirement under Rule 7, Sectioa 3 -

"ee for DOIIo(IOIIIpliaDce

with CLE
_

d. ~,
I'eq'Wl'emen
.

----

0::

.'

Pl,OOO. 00

BAR REVJEWP IN L,EGALAND JUDICIAL ETmes

ReinltatemeDt fee -_

..

_............

. This reeoIution IhalI take effect on the Orst of

2001 following ita publication in two (2) newspapers
in the Pbi)ippinel.

drcui.tioD

Pl.OOO.OO

nec-ber

or ee-..

APPENDIXG
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 01-2003
The Deputy Court Adminiltraton
The Alaiatut Court Admlnl ..... ton

Rea GuJdel ..... oa tile AutlaorltJ fII DeputJ Coart

aDd AMlataat Court Adm'nlatnton
to AdJaiDI8ter Oatla aDd Notarbe 0fIIeJal noc..eaa.

AdlalaJatnton

Jt. Court oft1daJ. ...ted br law with the priYiJetee f1I

Memlle ... of the Judiciary. the Deputy Court AdlllinUtnton
aod the A8UtaDl CourtAdml.nietnton IhaU admini ....... the
", a(ftnnaUona and act u Nolari .. Public in accordance with
the folIowinI ,wdeUDeI:
01' aftlrmatioD and!
be aerdMd only with
.... pec:t to oIIIcial matte ... involvina oIIki ... and penonnel 0(
1M omc. 0( the Court AdminlltnlOl'. and judpe and pe"'"

1.

01'

The authority to adminiater.the

IICt .. Notari .. Public

u o{fkio

IhaJ)

.... 0( lower

courta.
I. Only .thl 01' aftlrmaUona Nqulred in the perf'oraa.
&nee 01oRlclal tunctJona or with .... ped to oftklal mat len IhaU
be aclmlnlltered and only otIlrial cIoeulMftta indudint but ao&
limited to cloeumenta re,lardlDlinltlalulari
... applkaUona lor
retirement benente. and applkaUona lor loaM in &M (Jowra.
INRt Service lnauranee Sy.lem. the PAOIDIO, the Supreme

Coun Savi..,.

and Loan AMoriatioft and other ~&

ftna""lalln.tituUon.,
Ib.U be nolariaed. In ao ~ IhaU the
.... n .ut,"llMld oftkl ... prepare .nd arlulOW...... pri"aa.
dwun,.nta, eMtrafta and other dMdl car ac1a ol "","yanrel
whk'h b.ar ao ..... Uoo to &M perfttrnww ol ~'lal ,"""tiMa.
lit

J(

II ,1"1

r ~ I~~
~I"
i~
li .'
i 'l" ... t - ;
I a t' t J
! 6 t '-I'lt i

l~
t t t l~ I'~ list'"
" f lit il i i,f i l
t r~ if {"t!
5l

ll~
~o

II i

,,!

/I

t J t If J1

~.- Ul I~!!IP~
f

I _ If.s-

...I ,_.~III
I fl
II;! :11

--

'I

ll i
,I

8 rr: E~~ a i~; ~

~lti
[If-hi
lf
'~i~~lt7l~I,,!I~I.~ s ~ J ~l 2
It! h~.l~~
r H! ht"lr.",t
~!
f:
'
=
~I
- "'2

~.~~fHHi
I~HlH
~
f~~,.t Itl~
a
~~s

b"

:I:

i
SA

__~ Bar Nataerl (CLBBM) headed by " ...

on Lepl EducatJoD.....
tic. JOM C. Vltut:

connection with the dlllCUUlon on the Pro.

WHEREAS. in
........
tIoDI. Juatlce VIcente V.
poeed rero..... ID::.::
&be CLEBM. IUbmlUeci PI"";
Mendou. &MD
'_..A.I""",UaIlwBar~
entltled.....,..,...,."..,~
and adm1nl... tlve rero_nn..
with.PrImIr.
qu..ttona. and the
chanpllD the......
concenUnI the merldn, and II'Idlnc or

0.__
"GII"~~

methocloJoIkaI....
the t8I&1 queet.l0III1Dthe .,... eum

lnatlon;

WHEREAS prcIPCII8" and commenta we likewl .. ,..

wived hID the
the Phlllppl
the PhIlip.
pine ANodaUon fJI Law SchooII. the Pbillpplne Auodatlon or
Law Prole .. an. the C.ml .... OD H...... Education. the UDJ.
. wnttJ fJI the Pb1lIppm. Call .. fJI Law. Arellano Law Fouo.
dation the PhllIppine La.,.... AIIodation. the Philippine Bar
~tIoa
and other promineDt penonallU. &om the Bench
nd the Bar;
WHEREAS. COMicWInI her Memorandum to the ClUer
JuatJce OD -PropoIed Wmical AI8I8tance Prqjec:t. OIl LepJ Educatlon.- dated 27 FebruarJ200S, Prcwram Director Evelyn'lbJecIo.DumdUID fJlthe Prapam Manapment
(PMO) ...
IDvitecl to meetInI fJlthe CLEBM;
WHEREAS, uncIer the ...,_
fJlthe PMO. the CLEBN
conductecl tour (4) NIIonII rouncl-tabl. dlKuMlona with the
law deana, prof....... the lluclenta and membel"l or the Inte,rated Bar 01 he Philippi ... ror: (.) the National C.pital ..

in..........

Bar.

WHEREAS, the CLEBY. after ut.eMift clefibentian ancI

cOat.I1Jltation. hal arrived at certain recommend.tMma tor om,.deration by the Supreme Cowt and IUbmlUeci ita R'pflr'I.,
.. ted 21 M.)' 2004. to the Court II. 6a1K';
/IIOW. THEREFORE, the Ceun, IiUinc d 6a..e. henI"
JlISQLVES to appl'Oft aDd adopt the foIlcnrin, Bar !umlnadoDRe(onu:
,..

For 'mpleme.tattoo

ye.'"
1.

,ton. at Manila DiamoncI HoW

18 November 2003; (b)

MIndanao, at the Orud a.aJ not.l D... CIt" on 23 Janllll'1
2004; (c) the VIIa1aI. It the IIoDt.ebe11o RouIln Cebu Cit" OIl
JanUII'J 2004; aDd (eI) Luaon, It the Put hclftc HotellD MI'
nlla Oft 6 Fe11naar7 2004.

3.

Pan PaclOc Hota) Oft 28 AprU 2004. the Committee h .. rd the

viewe 01 Me. Erica Moaeer. the ChIef' Executive Offtcer and
Preeldent fIl the NatlODal Conrerence f1I Board Examinel'l ill
the United &alee fIl America on Dumber propoeecl bar

...roll.. ;

Dlequaliftcatlon or a candidate after railing in th,..,.

(3) namlnatioftl, provided. that he may take a rourth
.nd Ofth eumlnation I( he IU CC1..tuI complet.H a
one (1) year refreIIher CUUrN tor each examination;
Prrwidl. furtMr, 11Iat upon the efFectivity fIl thJa
RMolution, u..e' who haft already l'ailecl in 0.. 5)
or more bar aamlnaUonl IhalI be allowed to tab
bill, one (1) more bar examinatkln after completlftl
(1) year

rerresher

COUrN.

4.

Promulption 0( cliaclplinary meaau,.. ror thole ID

volved ID:(a) aUempte 10 violate or vI~te ~ intel
rity and confidentiality or the bar eumanation p~
eat; (1)>) Improper conduct dwinl the bar ~an..na:
tIon; and (c) Improper conduct or"bar eununationa.

6.

Diequallftcatlon oIa Bar Examination Chalrpenon:

OIl

WHEREAS. III 8pedaI MeetinI f1I the CLEBM at the

InJtlal cletermlution bJ the Chilirman or edmluion

to the bu naminatlone or cand.idalee ton the merila
the each caee' 10 be peIIed upon ." the C4urt d
bGM.
Subm!.lioa bJ law .....
fIl a certifkaUon that
candidate hu no deroptory record ID IIChooI and. if
.n),. the cletalla and ltatua thereat

omce

within one (I) up 10 two (S'

b
.

Idnahlp with an euinln .. w~ if' ~ia or her

lpouae or re.. tlve within the thIrd Civilde,""
or coDllllpinltY,
havinla member or hie or her ofF'JCe ltalf aa an
eumiDee. CII' when the .,...
or child fIl ncb
ataft'member ia aD eumlnw. and

AI'PENDIlB

mnca

IWl REVJBWIIlIN UGALANDJUDlcw.

.,.,a memberof the peruiDc board. &adt,

administration oCalaw echool.

Co

8.

jed; enmjMn
iDg queatiou;

10.

BurninI an~ 'hrecIcliDc ot roup drafta and cariIaa

papen uaed 1D the preparatiaD of que8tioaa .. ill UlJ
other act connected with such preperatioa;

competeace ill the ... Ipad aubjec:t;

11.

a t,eacb .. of the .ubject or famillarit)' with the

priDcipiea alt.eat coutruetion; aDd

Publication of IWD8I caDclidataa admitted to take

the bar examjutiona;

12.

Diaqu.1ific:atioD ot a candidate who obtaina a pade

below 5K in any IUbjed;

ill pod

ItaDdiDI

ill the PbiliPP'Dt

Bar;

Co

cl.

1.

..

kiDabip with an examinee who ia bia or her

IIJIOUM or relative within the third civil degree
al coaaancuiDity or affinity;

b.

baYiDc a member albia or her oOlce atafI' .. an

e... minee; or wbeD the .pouee or child fIllUCb
ataft'member ia an examinee;

cl.

..
f.

CIIIIIIIDitIDeD to check teat papera ~

..
prompdJ pendiDI the creation aDd 0I'pDiq.
tion of the readerahlp panela provided for ba
item 8(6) below.

13.

Diaqua)ificatio al Examlnera:

Co

beiqa member or the IOverninc board, facultJ

or admiDiItration ora la. achool',
~III
or lecturinc In aD)' law achool,lnatita.
tiOD or review center during the particular ..
IDftter followi", the bar examinatlolll;
havinlany Intereet or Involvement In any law
echooI, bar review center or lI'Oup; and
auapeuion or disbarment from the practice of
law or the Impoeitlon of IIny other .. rlOUI dlacl
pllnal'J l8Ddion.

=--.m::

PenonaI.,....,...tioca. by hanclwrltl", or UBlnca typeofflft,y (50)main qUHtJonl, excludl", _bdl.

and their lubmlulon to the Chalrpel'lOn In

writer,

the

.
computers m prtpIr-

ApJ!Ortio~nt of naminatiaa queltioaa..., the

vanoUi toP1Cl covered by the aubject;

membenhiP

b.

UIe

9.

Desirable qualiftcatiolll orE.aminers:

..

Ibould DOt

lope at leeet fortyRve (45) daya before

led examination on any particular aub-

14.

II.

Fixilll.t June 30 of the im......u.tel' precediDl ,....

.. the cut-off d.te for IaWI and Supreme Court declo
aiOIll and reeolutloDe to be iDcIudecl ill the bar n
aminatiou; and
Consideration of IU(pSted anewen to her .... mina
tiou questions prepared by the U.P' Law Cater and
.ubmltted to the Cbairpereon.

For ImplelHDtaUOD

wltlWa two (I) ,ears ap to tI..

JftI'8'
1. Adoption of objective multiple-choice queetIolll for
3K to 40'l11of the total number of queetionl;

(5)

2.
3.

a.
8.

Formul.tIon or_y teI& qu.tionl and "model an.wen- u part of the calibration oflelt papers;
Introduction or porfonnance teetilll by way of revia1111 and improvllll the ...., examination;
l)eelpationoftwo(2)examinen
perlUbjeddepeDII
1111 on the number of examlneee;
Appointment of a tenured Board of Examlnen with
an Incumbent Supreme Court Juetice .. ChalrperIOn;
.
Crealion and o,.anlxaUon or reaclenhlp pane"
for each subjoct .rea to add .... the laue of blu
or lubjcctivlty .nd racilitate the fonnulaUon of \CIIt

BAR UVlBWER IN LBOALAND.JUDICIAL

questions an d

the

c:onectioD

0(

mucs

uemfnatiOb ........

IItl)ANQIUNA&\NDOVAJ,
OVI'IIIUZ

.._..

leta; and
Adoption orthe calibration method in ~ co~
of eaa,y questions to COI1'8Ct variations m the lnel III
test ltandard ..

1.

c. For Implementation within flve

),e.... and ....

)'ODd .. the further computerization or autolllaUo.
01 the bar elWlllnatio ... to facUltate appUcaUoa.
",In" and reportlnl pncedureL
D. ...... DO& covered by thW ..... utioa. Rcb .. tboee
tba& pertain to a,..sble ,e,1ew of the co......
aM ..... tlve wesp" of the eubjecta of the .......
......
..

tloDI. are

-r

(sP-).ANTONIO T. CARPIO
~.t.
JUItkIe
(0.__ )

(I)

AIIocfat. J.....

Accreditation and IUperviaion of law schoola.

2.

Inclusion of a IUbject OIl clinical legal education ill

the law eurric:ulum. iDcludinc an apprentic:eahip pro.
II'8IIl in the Judiciary, proeecution eervice. and law
Impoeition

or I8DCtiou

oa law

meet the atandarda .. may

IChooIa that

ran to

be preecribed by the t.

pi Education Boud.

Mandato.., Law School Admleaioa 'lat.

4.

Thia reeolution ahaII tab effect OD the fifteenth da.J fIl

July 2004, and shall be published in two Dewspapers of pnenl
c:irculation in the Philippines.
PromuJpted

this 8th da.J

(Sgd.)

C,UYMATOS.
..

or June

2004.

HILARIO G. DAVID. JIL

CIa~Ju.tke
PUNO

I... ,,_.

,. ..e".....

ISeil I AJrn:MJO V.PAHGANtBAH

Mil ct... ,,__

(Std.)ROMEO".c.w.&JO,1I.

. Auacllw"__

(fIII.)ADOLPOI.AZClJNA
&II HI... "...

(Btl' DAND 0. 'I1NQA

Alii c:l1' il1iiioi

1.

S.

cap.) OONCHITA CAJUIIO.MOItAI.D

RENATO C. CORONA

..mg.......

offices.

,
i..

....

Alllct ... "...

I'or referral to the LepI BdacatloD Bouda:

(""'.IOSI 0. VITUO
,.

I... "...

cr.t, LEONARDO

~,,

__

..

APPINDIXH

A. QUiSUMIIINO

APPENDIX.
sanplore

.Draa u revised at the Round

Chief Juatlc:el at The Hague is imperative

APPENDIX I
A.M. No. 03-05-01SC
NEW CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT FOR THE
PHIUPPINE JUDICIARY

Table Con
DOt on)

ference or

tJt!~

and correlate the Code of Judicial Conduct and

update
Judici~ .E~ca, ado.~ for ~ Philippines, but lito
the Philippi .... lOlidant, Wltll the univena) clamor ,_
.
versal code judicial etbica.
- wu-

to":::

or

NOW, THEREFORE, the Court hereby adopts this Nte

CorulUd lor IIw PIailippilW J~

Cock of JudiciGl

CANON 1 - INDEPENDENCE
ADOPTING mE NEW CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT
FOR mE PBD.IPPINE JUDICIARY

WHEREAS, at the Round Table Meeting of Chief Justices

held at the Peace Palace, the Hague, on 25-26 November 2002
at which the Philippine Supreme Court was represented by ~
Chief Justice and Associate Justice Reynato S. Puno, the
Bangalore Draft of the Code of Judicial Conduct adopted by the
Judicial Group on Strengthening Judicial Integrity was deliberated upon and approved after incorporating therein several
amendments;

"
"

,,

Judicial independence is a pre.requisite 10 the rule ofJa.

and a fundamentall\W8Dtee
of a fair trial. Ajudp ahaII therefore uphold and exemplify judicial independence in both ita
individual and institutional upecta.
Section 1. Judges shall exercise the judicial function independently on the basis of their aaBellment of the facta and in
accordance with a conscientiOUl understanding of the law, free
of any extraneous influence, inducement, pressure, threat or
interference, direct and indirect, from any quarter or for any
reason.

WHEREAS, the Banplore Draft, as amended, is intended

to be the Univenal Declaration of Judicial Standards applicable in all judiciaries;

Sec. 2. In performing judicial duties. Judges shall be

Independent from judicial coIleques in respect of decisions
which the judp is obIipd
make independently.

WHEREAS, the Banplore Draft is founded upon a universal recopition that a eGmpetent, independent 8Ild im~
tial judiciary is euential if the cowta ant to fu1JUl their role iD
upholding conatitutionaliam 8Ild the rule of law: that public
confidence in the judicial iyltem 8Ild in the m~
authority
and intep;ty of the judiciary is or utmoet importance in a modem democratic 1OCiety; and that it is euential that judpa
individually and collectively, reapect and honor judicial ofIi~
.. a public lrU8t and Itri.. to enhance and maintain confidence
in the judicial system;

Sec. 3. Judps ahaIl Nfrain from influencing in any manner the outcome ollitiption or dispute pending before another
court or adminiatratift apDCy.

WHEREAS, the adoption of the univenal declaration of

standard.
for ethical conduct or judges embodied in the

to

Sec. 4. Judges ahaII not allow family, IOCisI, or other reJationshipe to influence judicial CODCIuct
or judcmeDt. The prestige of judicial office ahaIl not be UIId or lent. to advance the
.
in'--- of others, DOl' convey or pemut othen 10 COlIpnvate
"".. ......:.1 po8I"tjoa 10 iDIIu.
Yay the impresaion that they are m a __
ence the judge.
"
riat.
.. Ju"'_ ahaII not only be free "'-UVIII mapprop "
Sec ...
......
.
the
live and legiIJaconnections with, and influence by, lISt ~ppear
10 be free
tive br:.nchetl of pvemment, but m
a
therefrom to 8 reasonable obeerver.

APPENDIX.

III

Sec:. 3.~Utodgeas~ 10 f'ar II is rea"'NbIe, 10 ooacIuct

1
tbeJD88 vel
minImIze the OCCUiolll on which it will be
a
.... ,r ,), (or them to be diaqualmed &om hearinc or cIecicIinc

--.

Sec:. 4. Judges shallllOt bowilllly, while a Pf'OCIeedinc II

be(ore or could come befon, them make &Dr comment thtt
)Iligbt reuonably be upec:ted to affect the outcome rIauch
~iDI
or impair the manifest f'aimeeI 0( the procie8I. Ncar
IbaJl jud,a make any comment in public or otherwiee that
JDilbt affect the fair trial rllD7 perIOD 01' ...

CANON J - INTEGRITY

IDt.llritJ II .... tial DOt onl7 to the proper clieeharp of

the juclidaJ oIIoe but alIo to the penonaJ dem_DOI" 0(JucIp.,

Sec. 5. Judges ahaJ] dUqualifr themteJ .. from putici_

petine in aD)' pmceedlnp in wIUch they ere uaabIe to dedcIe
the matter iJDpertiaJly CII' in which it IDI7 appal' to a retIODable obeerver that they ere unable to decide the matter imper-

tialIr. Such

proc:eedinp

where:

lDdude, but ere DOt limited to,

""'.DeII

Sec:tioD 1. olucfcee IhaJJ eaaure that DOt onl7 II their

cIuct alIoft reproech. but that It II perceived to be eo in the .:;

party or personal knowledp of disputed evidentiary f.da con-

0(

cerning the proceedinp;

aRum."'"

'w.

Ca) The judge hu ectuel bias or prejudice 0IIDCeI'DiIIi a

(b) The judge previoUiIy aerved as I.wyer or was a

material witneu in the matter in contao.eny,

,
,.

(e) The judge, or a member 01 hie or her family, baa an

economic interest in the outcome 01 the ma~ in cootJoieiij,

Cd) The judge served 81 executor, administrator, guardian, tI'uttee or lawyer in the cue or matter in cootaOielij, or a
former auoc:iate of the judge aerved as couDllel during tlwir
ueociatioD, or the juclp or lawyer .as a material witness
therein;
(e)

The judge's ruling. In . Iower court ie the subject 01

review;

CO

The judge i. related by conaanguinity or afIlni~ to

within the sixth dvil cIepee or to c:ounMl WIthin
the fourth civil degree; or
party Utipnt

(J) The judge knows that his or ber apouae or child baa
financial interest, 81 heir, lee' tee, creditor, IiduciarJ. or ~
wiN, in the ."bject matter in contrvvtrij or in party to the

IWlItEVIIWER IN LlGALAND JUDICIAL

miles

U1 other illterNt tha~ could be

aB'ect.ed by the oult'OlDe of the proceedinp.
proceediac.

01'

IUbetaJat:i.a,

SIc. s.Ajudp 6qua1iJ1ed .. uted 8bove may, m.t..d 01

witbdrawiq hal eM proeeediDe, diad.. GO the recoacla the
..
01dilqualilcatioo. II. buecI OD euch diadoeure, the
_ adla..,.... iDdepeDdeatly of the judge'. putidpa~
ecr- illW1'iDIIc tha& eM reuoa .. the iDhihitioD is
.. aDIU.... ntj.1 the judp ...,. thea participate ill tbe .-.
.... tine 1'be acnemmt. Iiped by aU parties aDd
IbaIl be __ .-ded ill the ncunl 01the proc:eediDp.

imJDateri;i

Ia.,._,

APPINDaI
Sec. 7. Judpe abaD Worm 1Iw
...
IOnu fiduciary financiaJ illtereela aDd IhaU
efl'ortl to be informed about the ftNacW illtentAI 01
&heir Camily.

-'0"=
_

Sec. 8. Juclpa Ihall DOt 1111 01' IeDd the

01 &be
judicial office to advaDCI their printe ill
&he.. oIa
.. mber. of their Camily 01' 01an,yaDe ~ aorlhaU theJ CIIIII"J'
_ peruut otben to
the impreulOlllhat ...,... illa
apedal poeitiOD improperly to iDftueoce them ill the per(ona.
..,ee of'judic:ial duti ..

COD..,

Sec. 9. Confidential iDConaatiaa IICqUired by jadpa illtheir

judicial capacity shall not be uaed 01' diIdoIed by COl'&111
other
purpoee related to their juclicial dutjes.
Sec. 10. Subject to the per{armuce oIjudiciaIdutieI,,iudaeI

1Day:
(a) Write,lec:ture, teach and participate ill actiYitiei aJDo
earning the law, the ..... .,...,
the adminietratiaa 01juItjce
ell' related matten;
(b) Appear at a public beariq Wore aD oIidaI bodJ
CXID(lel'11ed with matteR nlatm, to the law, the .... IJIleaa,
the administratiOD
Justice or related matters;

or

(c) lopp ill other ac:tivitiee if such activitiee do DOt

detract &olD the clipitJ oCtile judicial omce 01' otherwiIe iDterCere with the performance of judicial dun..
Sec:. 11. Judges ahall DOt practice law wbilst the boIcIer01
judicial office.
Sec:. 12. Jucigel may fonD 01' joiD ...ociatioal oIjudaa ..
participate in other OrpaizatiODI repreMntiDc the iDteftN of
Juclpa.

Sec:. 13. Jucigel and membe... 01their familieIlhaIl Deither uk for: nor accept, all)' Iif\. bequMt, loaD .. f.Or ill
relalion to ~III
cloneor to be clone 01' OIDitted to be.~ by
him or her in connection with the perfOl"lDUK'e 01judirial du
ties.
See. 14. Jucigel aha11 not knowinIlJ permit ~
IMft' or
otMra aubjt to their lnftu.nce. cliredioD 01' authority. to uk

ffit. 1ft J Hr '!r

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ti,,,".",.""", "t"tr,,, fJ", J''''",.,

Ii'"
'J""IlII' llJiI""" ""1
"",,,j,.I,,,,Jullklld I)'IW""

'I ',"If I If" IIII0' II ,fuli

111",,,111,,,,I"w d ..rb,

,11""11)

hllWlill",II, I"",,1.I,4,
'Ju,f/Jlf"/II",Ifl'
IlIdu~ IIJII4V. "JI'IUIIM, 111m,tJJ,,,1dJ..
tAlr IIIInIIIIIIW,dUII""l.clrlnlaw,.nd
IIthMr fl:l"Ullft'"
e4l':lIllIIllulnlty or .mnlty wlthlll tlla .I.th dvfJ dJ.,l'f<Ie, (If'
porllllll who I coml)UIIIIlIIor II!mpl"yee uI the Jud~ .1IIt
whl) IlVN III tile Judge'. howudmld.

""I

Till" Code which .hull hereBft.er be refl:rrt!d to .. the NI!III

CCHkof JlUlic~1 Comluct fur tM PhilippiM JuJidary,

.uperledll!l the C.nonl or Judicial Ethic. and the Code 01JudidaJ

Conduc:t.hcretofore applied In the Philipplnll!l to the extent that
the provl"lolII or concepti therein are embodied in thl. Code:
Provided, however, That In cue or deficiency or abtJence 01
lpeclfic provialolll In thi" New Code, the CGIIOIII of Judicial
Ethic" and 1M Cock of Judicial Conduct ,Iaall ~ applicabk in a
,upplelory character.
ThiI New Cock of Judicial Conduct for 1M Philippilll
Judicklry ahaU take effec:t.on the fll'lt day 0( JUM 2004, rollowinc
III publication not later than 15 May 2004 in two nll!Wspapera or
large circulation in the Philippinll!l to elllUl'e ita widil!lt publicity.
Promulgated this 27th day

or April

2004.

(Sgd.) HILARIo G. DAVID, JR.

Chief JU8t~
REl'NATO S. PUNO
~t.Justice

(S&d.)

(Sed. ICONSl'ELO \'NARESSANTIAGO

"-'nat. Just;"

10IIt-....
1
A.~GE1JN.\s.\,,'DO,
~
Cl"TlERREZ
"-lriat. ~

.-'~ ,'IJ'III
I,..
/tIIIN~

J 1,1:J,kr',1
i ~,fIU.
J~.II

...

H#':I A'~~.+lW_"""Ii'!l
'_".-,
J",,-

1I)f1.,_ ....'

~1I1')t;.

,...;....,
IH'I

...

.... < ,'/)fif .Jd.!1J.'.N')'y.Wk~,Ja

~

(:lhIJff4
~

,-

'. .#.v~.I'J I{Q;:~

filM',!) I. r..AJJ..JI), ~.
/WItI~J~

~""""""_

'.'ie4 ' DM'Tf, () nvA

t1

.'CiItA

1wI...

....
ltAlllt\'IICWKIt

IN IMtIAL ANII JlllIll'IA',

-a..,,,, St..fT"lnrludl'll lltt? IlC.'l'IIttnnl.t,,1T ortht? jud""

Indudlrt I"w cll'rU.
JucWr"'"". any plll'lltln l'xC!n:I.lnl( judicial PCI ."
how oft'r cktalfrnatC'd.
Ju.i (amily" Includc.'8ajudge'l"puUlle,IOn, clau,h.
ter, 1OIl1n-law,cIa\llhter.lnlaw, and any other relative b,
c:oneangulnlty or aJ1lnlty within tho Ilxth dYiI dt"ll'ee, or
peI'IOIl who IIa companion or employee or the judge and
who 6t'1 in the Judge'. houaehold.

nu. Code, which lhall hereafter be rercm'Ci to 81 the NrUl

CoM 0( JuJici4l Condud for 1M PhilippiM JUdiciary, 1U.,.,r...
the Canone or Judidal Ethica and the Code or Judicial
Conduct heretofore applied In the Philipplnee to the extent that
the proyiIioDI or concepte therein are embodied in thla Code:
Provided, however, That In cue or denciency or abeence or
lpecilk pl'VYilione In thia New Code, tho Canon. 0( JUdicial
Ethia and Ih~Cod~0( Judicial Conduct .hall M applicable ill a
'Uppl~Iory character.
nu. N~UICoM of Judicial Conduct (01' 1M Philippi_
JlUlkiary IhaIl tab efl'ect on the lint day or JUM 2004, rollowinc
ita publicatioo not later than 15 May 2004 in two newepapera or
Iarp circulation In the Philippinee to eftlure ill widell. publicilJ.
Promulgated thie 27th day or April 2004.
(Sed.) IllLAlUO

G. DAVID!, .JR.
Chw(J~

(s.L) IlEYNATO 8. PUNO

A
MI. "-"(s.L)ARTDOO
V. PANOANIBAN
A
...........

is.L) CONSVELOYN~
SoUmAGo
A".

"1IIIiee

(Std) JOSE

C. Ym.1G
Aaocia .. ,,__
A. QUJ8UMBINO
... "uatice

(Std.) LEONARDO

(On

IAeft)

ANOEUNA&\NDOVAl,.
GUTIERREZ
~"JlIItice

AI''''''lJlll

mll('l'

f'IIdJANTC'NIIl T. (:AIU'IO (fIttI, MA AU(;tAAtllmU" NA

(

"....,d

AwN............

Juellc.

f(ln I v.,
IttNATU C. CIlII()NA
~
.. Jull\ke

cSf4.1 ROMIW

J. CAUIUO.
~"JIIIItiee

IrTtHI'.I

'..... 'l..'(IHtHrrA CAIU'Ic, MI.IIIALII

Acaw...........

8R.

'''-'.,AIJOI.ro I.AZCUNA
r ...........

IfItd.1 DANTI O. TlNOA

"-de ..Jll8tlc.

APPENDIlI

2'71

of Judicial Conduct, aubmiUecl Cor CODiideratioa ol the

~~cipatinl ChiefJuaticea.lncluclinc.~
Chief Juatica oCthe
t;ilppjDel, Code of Conduct for Judicial Emp"'_'
I

WHEREAS. the Code or Conduct Cor Judicial Employeea

fined tbrouIh variou amenclmenta. lndudint thoae io-

=-

APPENDIXJ

ft"
~el

A.M. No. 03-06-13-SC

~.

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR COURT PERSONNEL

WHEREAS. che cliapeDlatioD of justice i8 the basic duly
and re.poDlibilily oCthe Judiciar7 u ~
in the ConaU.
tutioD; it it a ucrecl &uk of diviDe oricbL
WHEREAS, the CGaItitutioD cIedaree that a pubUc omce
i8 a pubUc tnaat. and all puhtic oOlcen and empJo,.. mUtt at
all timee be accountable to the people. aene them with utmoat
reapcmaibility, IoJalty and ef6ciencJ, act with patl'iotiam and
juatice, and lead mocleIt Uvea.

WHEREAS.

court perIOIUI8l. from the 1ow1ielt employee

to the clerk 01 court 01' Ul1 poaiUoD than that 0( a judge or
Juatice, are involved in the diapeDUtioD 01juatic:e, and parti ..
aeekinc nclreee from the COUJtI tor pievancee look upon c:owt
peraonnel u part 01the JucliciarJ.

WHEREAS. ADpedormJnc their duti8e and .... ponaiblli.

aerw u aentiDela 0(juatic:e and all)' act 0(
Improprifty oa their part immeuurabiy alrecta the honor and
dlpit)' 01 the Judicial')' and the people'. conllde.a In iL

by the Chief' Juatice 01 the Philippm., to ""'

II
Code of Conduct for judicial empioyeea or court pel'lClllo

the Conatitution of the Pbilippinee ftIta ba

th supreme Court admiDiatrative ,upervilion over courta
their per8OlUMIl; tIlUl, it bu cliIcipliJW1 authority orer
them and the power to promulpte a code of conduct Cor them.

WHEREAS, at Ita third IDMtInc la Colombo, SrI IAnb.

In Janu.1'J Gl2003, the Judicial Group 011 8trencthenlnc Judi.

dallnUopity, which had earlier approved the 8a",.lo,. Prlnd.

.,.

an

..:s

NOW. THEREFORE.

befeb>'

PROMULGATES

CODE OF CONDucr

the SUPREME COURT BII Ballt

thia

FOa COURT PERSONNEL

SCOPE

Section 1. 'nUl Code ofCoocluct for Court Perao~ aball

a ply to all penoonel in the Judiciar1 who are DOt.Juati:ce' CII'
J:dgea. Court. penonne~ who ~ ~ Ionpr employed 1ft the
Judiciary but who 1ICquired. while atiIllO employed, confiden
tial information u defined In the aec:ond paragraph ofSectioa 1
of Canon II on Confidentiality are .ubjec:t to Section" thereof.

u.. COUJt .,.,.......

WHEREAS, wbile there .... etatutGry pI"Uiaiona and Civil

Service rulea aoveminc the ethical conduct ollOvemment om.
cl... and employ .... there it a DeIICI to adopt norm. 01 conduct
that an .periftc to penonnella
the Judidar7 becauae 01 the
.pedaI nature 01 their duu.. and .... ponalbIliU...

WHEREAS.

CANON I- FlDEUI'Y TO DtrI'Y

SecUon 1. Court peraonnel.hall ~ ute their

omci81 poal.

MCUre unwarranted beMflta. pnvn.a- CII' uemptiolll

tor t.homaelv.. or for othen.
Sec 2 Court peraonnel thall DOt aolicit or accept aDylift.
Ii
~ftt
buecl on any or explicit 01' Implicit uftdentand
l:~t
.um lift, favor or beneftt Ihallinnuence their omcial

lion to

act.Iona.

Court

nonnel.hall nut diKrimlnate by diapeaeo

pe
The ahall not allow kinahlp, rank.
"" .pectal fa.on to anyune
y Influence their oIIiciaI ecta
potltion 01' ra.on from aDy party to

Suc. 8.

AM'lNl'I~"

._eWe..

~.'-~
~atI'" "'"
~
bt~_
or

.....

"w~~

wha' Uw1","l~

~.

aN

81\)'

.ntitW

h or ,""lao
to la

Uwlt

'*'

5.. (\)ul1 pconuruwllhall

tM ftIIIOu",", p~",
aDCIftmd. UDder tlwir oftkiaI nIIt~ lD 8 judidoua mana..aDCI~ia~with
the ~
laloly ",*lliwe or pl'OC't'dUI"fL

l .. tUtory and ""p-

CANON U - CONFmENTIALITY
SedioD 1. Court penonnel ..... l DOt diKION to &I\)' UIUI ...
thoriJ~ penon an,yconfidenUallnrormation acquired by ~1Il
while t'lDployedin the Judiciary, whether luch blf"ormationeame
hm authorized or unauthoriaed IIOW'Ct!8.
Conftdcntial inrormation melUUlinrormation not yet made
~ matter. or public:record relatiq to pend inc c:aael, .. weD..
inCormation not yet made public: concemiq the work or any
justice orjudge relatinc to pe~dinc caaea.lnc:ludinc nolM, drafl.,
1'e8earc:h papen, internal daac:uaioM, internal memoranda,
recoro. or internal deliberatioM, and "mllar papen.

The notel, drafts, research popen, Internal dillCUalohl

lDternal memoranda, recoro. orinternal deliberations and simi:
lar pa~n that a Justiee or Judge uaea In preparihl a decision,
~I~tion
or o~er shall remain confidential even after the
dec:l810n,reaolution or ordor is made public.
. Sec. 2. Confidential inrormation available to specific:indivaduale h>: rea80n of statute, court rule or administrative policy
ahall be diacloacd only by persona authorized to do 80.
.Sec. 3. Unle88 exprealy authorized by the designated au~nty, court personnel shall not disclose confidentiallnformation liven by litigants, witneaea or attorneys tojUstices Jud-or any other person.
'
..-

Sec. 4. Former court person I ahall

d'
Uallnform rid
ne
not laclose confidentheJudicia':;:h:~~:os~reU;:m
durin, their employment in
lame information would
.'Y current court personnel of the
conRtltute a breach or confidentiality.

_I

CANON III - CONt'Ut'T Ot'lN'lKK.:sr

~l4:tl(ln I. Court pcol'llolU\t'1
elu.UaVtlld ronnlcte olin ...
in pc'rforn'lna omdal duUN. Every court .,.,l"IIOnnol
is "'lui,..
IiO .serel,", utm,,.t dililt'nre in bcIlllaaware or cllnnlcteollnl ....
..I.dl.d(\8ln, conRieta 0( intt'noet to the d... I",atcod authont"
and \erminaUn, them utMy arile.
(a)

A conftlet

0( intel'OlltclldatwhIm:

(l)
the court pt'l'IIOnnol'.obj(1('tiv,ability or Ind..
pt'ndonee or Judl.'I1ll'nt in pt'rfomlln, om"lal dull..... I...
paired or may ftaIIOnnbly apJM'nrto be impolnod;or
(iI) the court pcreonnol, the pt'l'IIClnntll'llnunedl."
ramlly, or the penonrwl', bUlllno.. or other nnanrial Interest would derive finanelal gain becaulIGorthe pttnonnerl
omclal act.

(b) No conOict or Intereat exist if any benefit artI'IIft to

the court personnel .. a member or a pro(ouion, bUli_, or.
pup to the same extent .. any other member or Iuch prof....
lion, busine .. , or pup who doo. not hold pcNIitionb\ the
Judiciary.

(c) The term "immediate ramily" .hall Inc:ludothe foI

lowing whether related by blood, marriage or adoption: (a)
'pouse, (b) children, (c) brother, (d) sister, (e) parent, (O.vand
parent, (g) grandchildren, (h) ratherinlaw, (i) motheNDI,w,
(j) slster-in.law, (k) brotherinlaw, (I) 8Onlnlaw,(m) c1eughterIn-law (n) steprather, (0) .tepmother, (p) ,teploD, (q)
ltepda~ghter, (r) atepbrother, Ca)stepsister, Ct)halfbrotiwr,and
(u) halfsister.

Sec. 2. Court penonnellhall

Dot:

(a) Enter into any contract with the JudieiU7 ror -".
leel lease or .. Ie or property .part from the omployment.Cf!""
tract relatin, to the penonnel's position; nor ~ tha~~~
to aaaist any member the personnel" Immedl,te 'JDJ y.:
_uring a contract with the Judiciary In a manner DOlay
able to any other interested party.

or

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APPENDIX 1
110

c.,IOSEC.

Sec. 3. Court penouel shall DOt alter, 1aIairy, destro,

mutilate UlJ record withiDtheir CIODt.roI.
Tbia prcMaioD" DDt prohibit amendmeot,
ezpunpmeat 01' I"IICIOI'da 01' doeumenta pumaaDt ::::::
d~

Gt

Gt

Sec. .t. In perf'ormilll ofrJC:ialdutiea, cowt penonnellh.n

DOl' manirest, by word or CODcIuc:t, bi.. or
.
dlce buecI on race, ralilion, national 01' ethnJe qn. -~ ...
politic:aJ affiliation.
.~Gt

de.

OJ' OTHER RULES

SeetiOD 1. All provialona of law, Civil Service ruJe., and

luuances of the Supreme Court perninr or reru1a .
co~~et or public office... and employees applicabl:: :::
Juclieiary are deemed incoI pontecl into hia Code.

EFFECTIVrI'Y

r:

SeetiOD 1. Thla Code shall take effect

th first cia
June, 2~, and shall be publiahecl in a ne:pa;r
or
y
eirculation not later than the fifteenth clav ofM
"""~
.MIU't.

, a"

G. DAVID..JR.
CIaV( .1uMice

(Std.) 1llIAlU0

RENATOC. CORONA
NIOCia .. I....

c.) CONCHITACARPI()'WOIAI.I.8
.APwi ... .I1IICiat

c.,.AOOU08..Ua:XA

.wacMIe~

See. 7. Court pel'lOllMl shall DOt be required to

any work 01' duty outaicle the ICOP801 their aasipttedpejobrt'ona

INCORPORATION

c_'''

(Sfl,IlOMWI.CALLEJO.SR.

See. 6. Court pel'lODnellha1l expcditiouel, .nro

and implement orde ... or ~ court within the limita "; ruthlea
authority.
elr

eeriptioD.

C) ANGELINASA.\IDO\'AJ,
GVnERREZ
AI c.... I..... .

DOt cliec:riminat.e

See. 6. Court perIOIID8l shall DOt recommend

.
. torneya to litipnta, prospeetive litipnta, 01' an"'::."
with~J~~.

vrruc

.A.od ........

Sec. 2. Court pel"lODnellhall earrJ out their ~

ties .. public eervantl in .. courteoua llUUmer .. possible. .

~I-(S,UIWt'TEO.
.APwi8 ..

TlNGA

J__