ER.

PERUMAL MANIMEKALAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
RETEST
B.E. Third Year Mechanical Engineering
Sub: Dynamics of Machinery
Duration: 3 Hrs.

Max

: 100 Marks

Part A Answer all questions (10 X 2 = 20 Marks.)

1. State the term dynamics.
2. What is centrifugal governor.
3. What is dynamic balancing? State the condition for dynamic balancing.
4. What is swaying couple?
5. What are the factors that affect the critical speed of a shaft?
6. Define logarithmic decrement.
7. Define torsional equivalent shaft.
8. Define transmissibility ratio or isolation factor?
9. Explain sensitiveness of governors?
10. Explain gyroscopic couple?
Part B

(5 X 16 = 80 Marks.)

11) a. A vertical engine running 1000 rpm with a stroke of 110mm has a connecting rod
250mm between centres of mass 1.25 kg. The mass of centre of the connecting rod is 75mm
from the big end centre and when suspended as a pendulum from gudgeon pin axis makes 23
complete oscillations is 20 seconds.
(i) Calculate the radius of gyration of the connecting rod about an axis through its mass
centre.
(ii) When the crank is at 40 0 from the top dead centre and the piston is moving downwards,
find analytically, the acceleration of the piston and the angular acceleration of the connecting
rod. Hence equivalent to the connecting rod, necessary correction torque has to be applied
and since the engine is vertical gravity effects are to be considered.
(OR)
b.A single cylinder, single acting, four stroke gas engine develops 20kw at 250 rpm. The
work done by the gases during the expansion stroke is 3 times the work done on the gases
during the compression stroke. The work done on the suction and exhaust strokes may be
neglected, if the flywheel has a mass of 1tonnes and has a radius of gyration of 0.6m, find
the cyclic fluctuation of energy and the co-efficient of fluctuation of speed.
12).a A rotating shaft carries four unbalanced masses 18 kg, 14 kg, 16 kg and 12 kg at radii 5
cm, 6cm, 7cm and 6 cm respectively. The 2 nd, 3rd and 4th masses revolve in planes 8 cm, 16
cm and 28 cm respectively measured from the plane of the first mass and are angularly
located at 60o, 135o and 270o respectively measured clockwise from the first mass looking
from this mass end of the shaft. The shaft is dynamically balanced by two masses, both
located at 5 cm radii and revolving in planes mid-way between those of 1st and 2nd masses and
mid-way between those of 3rd and 4th masses. Determine graphically or otherwise, the
magnitudes of the masses and their respective angular positions.
(OR)

b.The cranks of a two cylinder uncoupled inside cylinder locomotive are at right angle are
300 mm long. The distance between center lines of cylinder is 650 mm. The wheel central
lines are 1.6 meters apart. The reciprocating mass per cylinder is 300 kg. The driving wheel
diameter is 1.8meters. If the hammer blow is not to exceed 45N at 100 km/hr, determine: (i)
Fraction of the reciprocating masses to be balanced (ii) The variation in tractive effort and (iii)
The maximum swaying couple.
13).a.A machine weighing 75 kg is mounted on springs and is fitted with dashpot to damp
vibrations. There are three springs each of stiffness 10 kg/cm and it is found that the
amplitude of vibration diminishes from 3.84 cm to o.64 cm in two consecutive oscillations.
Assuming damping force varies as the velocity, determine the resistance of the dashpot at unit
velocity and compare the frequency of damped vibration with the frequency when the
dashpot is not in operation. (OR)
b.The following data relate to a shaft held in long bearings.
Length of shaft = 1.2m; Diameter of shaft = 14 mm; Mass of a rotor at midpoint = 16 kg;
Eccentricity of centre of mass of rotor from centre of rotor 0.4 mm; Modulus of elasticity of
shaft material = 200 GN/m2; Permissible stress in shaft material = 70 x 106 N/m2. Determine
the critical speed of the shaft and the range of speed over which it is unsafe to run the shaft .
Assume the shaft to be mass less.
14)a.A single cylinder vertical petrol engine of total mass 400 kg is mounted upon a steel
chassis frame and causes a vertical static deflection of 2.4 mm. The reciprocating parts of
engine have a mass of 18 kg and move through a vertical stroke of 160 mm with SHM. A
dashpot is pivoted, the damping resistance of which is directly proportional to the velocity
and amounts to 2000 N/m/s. Determine:(i) The speed of the driving shaft at which resonance
will occur, and(ii) The amplitude of steady state forced vibrations when the driving shaft of
the engine rotates at 500 r.p.m.
(OR)
b.A mass of 50 kg suspended from a spring produces a statically deflection of 17 mm and
when in motion it experiences viscous damping force of value 250 N at a velocity of 0.3 m/s.
Calculate the periodic time of damped vibration. If the mass is then subjected to a periodic
disturbing force having a maximum value of 260 N and making 2 cycles, find the amplitude
of ultimate motion.
15).aThe mass of each ball of a Proell governor is 7.5 kg and the load on the load on the
sleeve is 80 kg. Each of the arms is 300 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of
rotation whereas the axis of rotation whereas the lower arms are pivoted to link of 40mm
from the axis of rotation. The extensions of the lower arms to which the balls are attached are
100mm long and are parallel to governor axis at the minimum radius. Determine the
equilibrium speeds corresponding to extreme radii of 180 mm and 240 mm. (OR)
b.The rotor of the turbine of a ship has a mass of 2400 kg and rotates at a speed of 3100 rpm
anticlockwise when viewed from the stern. The rotor has radius of gyration of 0.4m
Determine the gyroscopic couple and its effect when (i) The ship steers to the lift in a curve
of 78m radius at a speed of 14 knots
(1knot=1860 m/hr) (ii) The ship pitches 5 degree
below the normal position and the bow is descending with its maximum velocity. The
pitching motion is simple harmonic with a periodic time of 35 seconds, and (iii) The ship
rolls and at the instant its angular velocity is 0.03 rad/s clockwise when viewed from stern.
Also find the maximum angular acceleration during pitching.