Chng 12

Tin nghi v an ton

Mc tiu
Cc quy nh trong chng ny nhm:
1) Bo m iu kin, mi trng sng hp v sinh, tin nghi v an ton cho ngi s dng bn trong
cng trnh.
2) Bo v cng trnh v ti sn trong khi b h hi do chy n, ngp lt, ngm, thm, m, mc,...
iu 12.1. Khng gian ti thiu ca cc cn phng
12.1.1. Yu cu
Cc cn phng thuc nh , nh cng cng phi m bo yu cu v khng gian ti thiu ph hp vi
chc nng ca chng, nhm tn dng thng gi v chiu sng t nhin.
12.1.2. Gii php c chp thun l t yu cu
Cc cn phng phi m bo cc kch thc thng thu ti thiu, c quy nh bng 12.1.1.
Bng 12.1.1 Kch thc thng thu ti thiu ca cc cn phng

iu 12.2. chiu sng

12.1.1. Yu cu
Bn trong v bn ngoi cc ngi nh phi c chiu sng ph hp vi mc ch s dng cc ngi nh theo
cc quy nh di y.
1) chiu sng t nhin
a) Cc cn phng trong nh nht l cc phng , khu v sinh cn c u tin chiu sng t nhin qua
cc ca s m trc tip ra khng gian trng bn ngoi.
b) i vi ni lm vic, thit k chiu sng t nhin cn m bo qu na thi gian ban ngy c gi tr
ri t nhin ti thiu ph hp vi hot ng th gic, quy nh bng 12.2.1.
Bng 12.2.1. H s ri t nhin ti thiu

2) Chiu sng nhn to

a) Chiu sng lm vic
Trong nh c ngi s dng phi c chiu sng nhn to khi thiu hoc trong khng c chiu
sng t nhin vn m bo mi hot ng bnh thng ca con ngi.
b) chiu sng s c
Phi chiu sng s c trong nhng trng hp sau:
i) chiu sng khn cp: b tr dc ng thot nn nhng ni c nguy c chy n, nhim c.
ii) chiu sng lin tc: thc hin nhng ni nu ngng chiu sng s gy nh hng xu n
an ton, an ninh xU hi, thit hi v kinh t hoc nguy hi n tnh mng con ngi (nh phng
m, phng cp cu).
iii) chiu sng bo v: chiu sng bn ngoi nh, dc ranh gii nh hoc khu cng trnh cn bo
v an ninh v ti sn.
c) Chiu sng bn ngoi cng trnh phi khng nh hng xu ti giao thng v m quan th.
d) Yu cu v ri ca chiu sng nhn to c quy nh cc bng 12.2.2 v 12.2.3.
Bng 12.2.2. chiu sng nhn to bn trong nh , nh cng cng ri ti thiu trn b mt lm vic hoc vt cn phn bit.

Ghi ch:
(1) c im cc cp quan st nh sau:

(2) Gii thch k hiu:

c im cng vic quan st Loi n chiu sng
a): thng xuyn (1): n hunh quang
b): theo chu k
(2): n nung sng
c): khng lu
Bng 12.2.3. chiu sng s c v chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi nh

12.2.2. Gii php c chp thun l t yu cu

1) chiu sng t nhin
Gii php ph hp vi tiu chun v quy nh di y s c chp thun l t yu cu v chiu sng t
a) Tiu chun 20 TCN 029 91 Chiu sng t nhin trong cng trnh dn dng Tiu chun thit
b) Cc gii php c th nh sau:
i) Din tch ca s:
Ly bng 1/5 din tch phng (i vi tng 1)
1/6 din tch phng (i vi tng 2 tr ln)
ii) Chiu su ca cc phng c chiu sng ch mt pha: khng ln qu 2,5 ln chiu cao
iii) Sn tri, ging tri:
- Nh lin k: Nh lin k di qu 18 m cn c sn tri gia, kch thc ti thiu 2x3m.
- Nh chung c: cn h u lng vo nhau cn c ging tri kch thc c quy nh trong
bng 12.2.4.
Bng 12.2.4 - Kch thc ging tri nh chung c

2) chiu sng nhn to

Gii php ph hp vi cc tiu chun di y s c chp thun l t yu cu v chiu sng nhn to:
20 TCN 16 86: chiu sng nhn to trong cng trnh dn dng

20 TCN 95 83: chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi cng trnh xy dng dn dng
TCVN 3473 83: chiu sng nhn to cc nh cng nghip v cng trnh cng nghip
TCVN 3257 86: chiu sng nhn to trong nh my x nghip may cng nghip
TCVN 2062 86: chiu sng nhn to trong nh my x nghip dt thoi si bng
TCVN 2063 - 86 : chiu sng nhn to trong nh my c kh
TCVN 4213 86: chiu sng nhn to trong x nghip ch bin m cao su
TCVN 3258 - 86 : chiu sng nhn to nh my ng tu.
iu 12.3. Thng gi, iu khng
12.3.1. Yu cu
1. yu cu chung v thng gi, iu khng
a) Cc ngi nh phi c thng gi m bo khng kh lu thng trong v ngoi nh.
b) Cc hi m, mi kh chu, bi, khi, kh c hi, kh d chy,...pht sinh t bp, khu v sinh, my
git, cc thit b sn xut cng nh kh, khi pht sinh khi chy phi c thu gom, thi ra ngoi v
khi cn thit phi lm sch trc khi thi.
c) Trng hp s dng thit b iu ho khng kh, phi c m bo an ton sc kho v an ton
k thut. Khi lm mt, khng c nhit trong phng thp hn 25 C. Khi si m, khng
c nhit trong phng cao hn 20 C.
2) Thng gi t nhin
Phi s dng ti a thng gi t nhin cho cc cn phng bn trong cng trnh.
3) Thng gi nhn to (thng gi c kh):
a) Thng gi c kh c b tr nhng ni c yu cu v c th c kt hp vi iu tit khng kh.
b) H thng thng gi c kh phi c thit k, lp t v bo tr sao cho:
i) Khng lm khng kh trong phng b nhim cc cht c hi, vi sinh vt gy bnh;
ii) Kh thi ra ngoi khng c gy kh chu hay nguy hi cho ngi v ti sn xung quanh;
iii) Khi hot ng khng gy ting n qu gii hn cho php;
iv) Khng lm lu thng khi, la khi xy ra chy.
c) H thng thng gi, iu tit khng kh khng c tun hon trong trng hp mi trng khng
kh c cha:
i) Cc cht c hi, nguy him;
ii) Cc cht gy chy n;
iii) Vi sinh vt (vi khun, siu vi trng, nm) gy bnh;
iv) Nhng cht gy mi kh chu.
4) Thng gi s c
a) Thng gi s c l thng gi tng cng trong trng hp xy ra s c U c d kin ca qu
trnh sn xut, lm pht sinh bt thng mt lng ln cht c hi hoc gy chy n.
b) Lu lng thng gi s c
Lu lng khng kh trao i cn thit c m bo bng hot ng ng thi ca cc h thng
thng gi chnh v thng gi s c c xc nh theo tnh ton v khng c thp hn 8 ln tng
th tch ca phng trong 1 gi.
c) Thit b qut v v tr t ca thu gi phi ph hp vi c im ca kh c thu gom (nng hay
nh hn khng kh, c hay khng c kh nng gy chy n).
d) Ming thi kh ra ngoi phi khng lm nh hng ti ngi bn ngoi, ti ming ly gi ca cc
h thng thng gi xung quanh v khng gy nguy c chy n (trnh xa ngun la, ng khi...)
12.3.2. Gii php c chp thun l t yu cu
1) Thng gi t nhin
Trong cc nh lin k, chung c, thng gi t nhin c kt hp vi chiu sng t nhin qua cc sn
tri, ging tri (xem 12.2.2.1).
2) Thng gi nhn to
Gii php ph hp vi tiu chun di y s c chp thun l t yu cu v thng gi nhn to:
TCVN 5687 - 92 Thng gi, iu tit khng kh, si m - Tiu chun thit k.

12.4.1. Li i
12.4.1.1. Li i phi m bo:
a) An ton, thun tin cho mi ngi (k c ngi tn tt, theo quy nh) khi ra, vo nh, ln xung
cc tng (k c tng mi), ra vo phng lc bnh thng cng nh khi phi s tn khn cp.
Li i cho ngi tn tt c quy nh ti iu 8.3, chng 8 ca QCXD ny.
b) An ton, thun tin cho xe c khi ra vo nh, quay xe, xe.
c) D tm
d) C kch thc rng, p ng yu cu s dng;
e) Khng c vt cn c nh, di ng nguy him cho ngi qua li;
g) B mt i li khng trn trt;
h) C dc, kch thc bc ln xung ph hp vi ngi s dng;
i) C lan can che chn trong trng hp cn thit;
k) Trnh c bc khc mc trn li i. Nu c, phi d nhn bit bng mu sc hoc s dng hnh thc
tam cp.
2) Li i v ch cho xe t:
Li i cho xe t ra vo nh v ni xe phi:
a) C kch thc (khng gian) rng, ph hp vi yu cu s dng;
b) C din tch xe ra vo, quay xe, xe;
c) C khong trng li xe quan st an ton.
3) Thang b
Thang b phi:
a) c b tr c trong trng hp c thang my;
b) m bo cc yu cu v thot nn, quy nh ti iu 11.6, chng 11 ca QCXD ny;
c) Kch thc bc ln xung, dc phi ng nht trong mt v thang;
d) C chiu ngh ti nhng v tr cn thit vi din tch ph hp;
e) Lan can cu thang phi:
i) Va tm vi
ii) C kt cu chc chn, m bo yu cu theo tnh ton kt cu
iii) Mt tay vn phi phng, nhn.
4) B tr thang my ng:
a) Thang my ng phi c b tr trong cc ngi nh cao t 6 tng tr ln. Trong cc nh phi d
kin li i cho ngi tn tt theo quy nh ti iu 8.3, thang my phi c b tr, thit k p ng
yu cu s dng ca ngi tn tt.
b) Thang my ch hng trong khu vc sn xut khng c b tr cng ch i vi thang my ch
c) Phi b tr hp l v tr t thang my v phn b hp l theo nhm hoc trong mt nhm.
5) Thang my ng, thang cun (cu thang in) phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
a) Hot ng an ton, vn chuyn ngi ln xung v dng li (dng ti cc im ra vo theo yu cu
s dng) vi trng ti khng vt qu 1,25 ln trng ti quy nh ca thang my.
b) Tc thang khng b gim qu t ngt.
c) m bo an ton v thun tin cho ngi s dng: khng b ngU, bc ht, mc kt ca, khng va
chm vi cc b phn chuyn ng hay vt sc nhn trong trng hp s dng bnh thng hoc bt
thng m c th on trc c.
d) C bin ch dn v thng xuyn thng bo v tr ca thang my trong trng hp bung thang kn
v c trn 2 im dng.
e) Chiu sng, thng gi bung thang trong c 2 trng hp bnh thng v khn cp.
f) Khng xy ra va chm gia cc b phn ca thang my vi nhau cng nh gia thang my v phn
xy dng ca to nh.
g) C h thng m bo an ton khi thang my b ch qu ti hoc c b phn no b h hng.
h) Lp t sao cho thun tin v an ton khi kim tra, th nghim v bo dng.
i) Ca ging thang khng c tip st vi ging thang trnh nguy him khi c chy.

6) Thang my s dng cho trng hp khn cp:

Thang my s dng cho trng hp khn cp phi c trang b thm cc phng tin di y:
a) Gi ra ngoi nh gip ;
b) Bo v hnh khch khi nguy hi ca la, khi, kh c hi.. .
c) Gii thot ngi ra khi thang mt cch an ton.
d) Cho php ngi c trch nhim c c quyn vn hnh v khng phi theo trnh t vn hnh
thng thng (iu ny ch p dng i vi thang my c chiu cao hot ng t 15m tr ln).
12.4.2. Gii php c chp thun l t yu cu
Cc gii php ph hp vi cc quy nh v tiu chun di y c chp thun l t yu cu:
1) Quy cch li i ca nh , nh cng cng nh quy nh trong bng 12.4.1.
2) TCVN 5744 - 1993 Thang my - Yu cu an ton thit b khi lp t v s dng
Bn 12.4.1: Quy cch li i nh , nh cng cng