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Turning and Related Operations

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Turning a machining
process in which a singlepoint tool remove material
from the surface of a
rotating work piece. (Lathe)

Outline
Turning and Related Operations
Drilling and Related Operations
Milling
Machining & Turning Centers
Other Machining Operations

v
Df

Do

d
f
L

v
N=
Do

Rotational Speed

Do D = 2d

Shaping and Planing


Broaching
Sawing

fr =
Nf

Machinability

Feed rate
Time of machining

L
fr
MRR = vfd Material Removal Rate
Tm =

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Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University

Mech 421/6511 lecture 20/1

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Operations Related to Turning


Contour turning

Facing

Taper turning

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Work Holding
Chamfering

Form turning
mounting the work between
centers using a "dog

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three-jaw chuck

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Cutoff

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Threading

Boring

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Drilling

Knurling

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collet

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face plate for non-cylindrical workparts

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Engine Lathe

Other Lathes & Turning Machine


Toolroom Lathe and Speed Lathe
Turret Lathe
The tailstock is replaced with a
turret

Chucking Machines No tailstock


Automatic Bar Machine Similar to
chuck machine but with a collet
A single- and multiple-spindle bar
machines

NC Lathe
Boring Machines the stiffness of a
boring bar
Horizontal and Vertical

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Drilling and Related Operations

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Dr. M. Medraj

Operation Related to Drilling

Geometry of Twist drill


Shank, Neck and Drill body
Helix angle, Point angle, Flute,
cutting edge, Chisel edge, Margin

Cutting conditions
Spindle rpm:
Feed rate:

N =
fr =
Nf

Metal Removal Rate: MRR =

Machining time:
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Reaming

f(in/rev
)
D 2 f r
4

For a through
hole
T =

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t+A

For a blind
hole
d

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Tapping

Counterboring

Countersinking
Center drilling
Spot facing
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fr

Tm =

fr

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Milling

Machine Tool for drilling

A machine operation in which a workpart is fed past a rotating cylindrical


tool with multiple edges. (milling machine)

Drill press

Upright drill
Bench drill
Radial drill
Gang drill 2-6 drills together
NC drill

Types:

9 Peripheral milling
Up
Milling

Slab, slotting, side and straddle milling


Up Milling (Conventional) & down milling (Climb)

9 Facing milling

Vice, Jig and fixture


Upright drill press

Conventional, Partial face, end, profile, pocket & contour


Down
Milling

Radial drill press


Large drill press designed for large parts

(a) peripheral milling


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(b) face milling

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Milling

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Cutting Conditions
Milling cutters

Slab

slotting

side

straddle

Plain milling cutters


Form milling cutters
Face milling cutters
End milling cutters

Radial Rake
Angle
Relief
Angle

Cutting conditions
conventional
face milling

Partial face
milling

end milling

Spindle rotation
speed:
Surface
contouring

pocket
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milling

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profile
milling
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N=

v
D

Feed rate:
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MRR:

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f r = Nnt f

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MRR = wdf r

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Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia


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Milling Machines

Machining Centers
Machining center highly automated machine tool capable of
performing multiple machining operations under CNC control.
Automatic tool changer
Pallet shuttles
Automatic workpart positioning

horizontal knee-and-column
vertical knee-and-column

ram type knee-and-column milling


machine; ram can be adjusted in and
out, and toolhead can be swiveled

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Dr. M. Medraj

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Dr. M. Medraj

Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University

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Other Machining Operations: Shaping and Planing

Mill-Turn Centers

CNC turning center

Highly automated machine tool that can perform turning, milling, and
drilling operations on a workpart
General configuration of a turning center
Can position a cylindrical workpart at a specified angle so a rotating
cutting tool (e.g., milling cutter) can machine features into outside
surface of part

A single-point tool moves linearly relative to the work part

A conventional turning center cannot stop workpart at a defined


angular position and does not possess rotating tool spindles

Shaping - A tool moves

Planing A workpart moves

A part

Stock
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Turning
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Milling

Drilling
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Other Machining Operations: Broaching

Other Machining Operations: Sawing

Moves a multiple tooth cutting tool linearly relative to work in


direction of tool axis
Advantages:
- Good surface finish
- Close tolerances
- Variety of work shapes possible

Cutting tool called a broach


- Owing to complicated and often custom-shaped geometry, tooling
is expensive

power hacksaw linear reciprocating motion of


hacksaw blade against work

Internal Broaching:

Performed on internal surface of a hole


A starting hole must be present in the part to insert broach at beginning
of stroke
bandsaw (vertical) linear
continuous motion of bandsaw blade
circular saw

Dr. M. Medraj

Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University

Mech 421/6511 lecture 20/17

Dr. M. Medraj

Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University

Mech 421/6511 lecture 20/18

Machinability
Machinability A measure of the success of a machining
operation usually on a workmaterial.

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Tool life
Force and Power
Surface finish
Easy of chip disposal
Material Removal rate

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Next Time:

Cutting Tool Technology

Mech 421/6511 lecture 20/19

Dr. M. Medraj

Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University

Mech 421/6511 lecture 20/20

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