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A very useful book on

Internet & dotcoms


By
GIJO & H.M.JADEJA

Contents
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE & HARDWARE
Basics of Internet
Launch yourself into the World Wide Web
Surfing the Internet?
Fundamentals of web site designing
Fundamentals of web marketing and search engine submissions
How to make money from Internet?
BEST WEB SITES IN INDIA
INTERNATIONAL WEB DIRECTORY
Find a romance online
Go shopping online
Find your dream job through Internet
Resources for career development and online entrance preparation
RESOURCES FOR GRE, TOEFL & OVERSEAS EDUCATION IN THE INTERNET
How to publish your work through Internet?
A brief introduction to cyber laws, cyber crimes & hacking
MEDICAL RESOURCES IN INDIA
Movie resources in Internet
Music resources in Internet
Spiritual resources in India
Sports resources in Internet
INTERNATIONAL WEB DIRECTORY
Yoga & meditation resources in Internet
A GUIDE TO DOT COM START-UPS AND VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDING
Free resources available in the Internet
Latest trend in Internet
Fundamentals of e-commerce
Glossary of common terms associated with Internet
Conclusion.

Why this book?


Now days, you can find thousands of books on Internet in the market. Most of them are very
elaborate complex and contain less practical information. Common people can't understand
these books. So, there exist a very high digital divide in our society. This is a down to earth book,
aimed at serving the common people who want to utilize Internet to improve their lives, but don't
know how to go about. Our aim is to reduce the knowledge gap between the common man and
the young products of the digital economy.
This book gives accurate and pinpoint information on various topics using minimum number of
words, to hit the nail on the head. The contents of this book will exactly tell you what is what in
the simplest possible manner.
And you are going to capture the entire world.
How to use this book?
Carefully read through The contents at first Open the relevant page In which you are interested.
Now, log on to the Internet, And type the URL address On the address bar Instantly you get what
you want And becomes a hero or heroine On the spot Depending on your gender

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE & HARDWARE


Before knowing what is Internet, I want you to know the fundamentals of computer hardware &
software, else it will be just like trying to write a sentence in English language without knowing the
a, b, c, d. I have deliberately avoided the use of complex terms so that, the reader will not faint
while reading through this book. Now read on

BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE


What is a computer?
A tool for managing information. There are basically two types of computers: Mainframes or
Minicomputers, Microcomputers (Personal computers)
Examples of some things a computer can do
Create documents (letters, reports, brochures, publications) Store and analyze data (inventories,
budgets, research data, lists) Create and edit graphics (pictures, drawings, photographs, artwork)
Create and display multimedia (videos, sounds, animation, music, games) Connect to and interact
with other computers around the world (the Internet) Control other devices (machinery, robots,
musical instruments, transport vehicles)
Hardware vs. Software
Hardware: what you can touch and feel
Software: electronic information used by the computer
Hardware useless without software
What are the parts of a computer?
The Computer System consists of
a. System Unit, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse
b. Disk drives.
c. Diskettes-floppy disk drive
d. Motherboard
e. CPU microprocessor: It is the "brain", of any computer. It consists of millions of components that
can process data. The major companies making microprocessors are Pentium, Motorola, Hyundai
etc. the computer is also specified by the microprocessor used. For example 386, 486(old) Mac etc
f. RAM: what it is? Temporary memory; therefore need to save!
g. Slots, cards (serial, parallel, keyboard, mouse)

Examples of Other Devices That Can Attach To A Computer


a. Internal modem
b. External Modem
c. Ports (serial, parallel, mouse, keyboard)
d. External hard disk
e. CD ROM drive, CDs
f. PCMCIA modem card
g. Notebook computer
h. Digital camera
i. Printer
What happens when you turn on the computer?
a. Operating system, programs, documents all go into RAM
Everything you run or create gets out into RAM, First the operating system goes into RAM
Then programs, e.g. word processor, spreadsheet, etc... Then data: too little RAM can stop
software from working.
b. More RAM means can run more programs & work with larger data; too little and programs can't
run.
c. RAM is temporary

Types of Storage
a. Types of diskettes: 3.5", 5.25", High/Low density
b. Disk drive
c. Taking care of diskettes
d. Hard disk
e. 5-1/4 inch floppy diskettes
f. CD-ROM: stores much more data; most CD drives you can't write to disk
Measuring RAM or Disks
One Byte = 1 character
1 Kb = 1K = 1,024 bytes (but rounded to 1,000)
1 MB = 1 million bytes
1 GB = 1 billion bytes
Examples:
- 3.5 " diskette = 300 single spaced text;
- most hard disks today: 500MB to 1Gb+
- typical minimum recommended RAM: 16MB (24 - 32MB better)
Rule of thumb for RAM: More is Better!

What is the configuration of an ordinary PC?


You can determine the configuration of your PC according to your requirement. Suppose you want
to see the configuration of the PC you want according to some criterion, log on to www.intel.com
and type your requirement, you will get the configuration you require. Following is the simple
example of the configuration of a HEWLETT PACKARD PC (Pentium-2) is given below.
Microprocessor: 667MHz Intel Pentium-3 processor
Hard drive: 10.2GB
Memory: 64MB, 100Mz SD RAM
Level 2 cache: 256 KB Advanced transfer cache
CD-ROM Drive: 48* CD-ROM Max-speed.9
Diskette drive (Floppy disk drive) : 3.5" (1.44MB)
DATA/FAX Modem: High velocity V.90 56kbps (33.6kbps send/ download up to 56kbps/14.4kbps
fax, depending online condition and ISP Support.
Sound: Industry compatible PCI 32 bit sound with 3D stereo and wave table synthesis.
Speakers : Premium Polk Audio stereo speakers with PowerPort technology.
Slots (total) : (4) PCI
Drive Bays : External: (3) 5.25"
Internal: (1) 3.5" (1) Combo
External ports :(2) USB, (2) Serial, (1) Parallel, (1) game, TV-Out (S-video and PAL/NTSC)
Video graphics: Integrated Intel Direct AGP 3D graphics.
Video memory :Up to 11MB SD RAM Shared memory, Architecture for high resolution graphics.
MPEG: MPEG

1 for full screen, full motion digital video.

Keyboard: HP pavilion enhanced one touch multimedia keyboard with internet access and media
control.
Mouse: HP pavilion scrolling mouse.
Tips For Buying A New Computer
Computer technology and prices change daily; the longer you wait, you will get a better computer
for less money. Talk to several different computer professionals first; don't just listen to a
salesperson who is selling a particular brand of computer.
BEFORE you buy, make sure you think about your short term/long term needs for both personal
and business, make a list of the types of things you need to do. See the computer in action
BEFORE you buy it to verify it does what you want.
Note:
When purchasing a personal computer you will need to make many decisions,such as, the
microprocessor type and speed, amount of memory, capacity of the hard drive and much more.
Deciding what to buy can be an arduous task!

Common Components . The good news is that all computers have certain common components.
What makes each one different are the specifications of the components, the amount and type of
memory installed, the hard drive capacity, and the additional components installed which you
decide on, that enhance the function of the computer. Every computer must have a few essential
components.
The Printer
If you are going to want a hard copy of your work, you are going to need a printer. Printers come in
various types to choose from. Some beneficial features that some printers have are producing
letters, invoices, newsletters, transparencies, labels, packaging slips, and much more.
What type of system do you need?
You need a computer system that performs all of the tasks that you want to use it to do. For
example: Use applications to complete class assignments. Communicate with family and friends.
Search the Internet and World Wide Web. Play games.
Once you have decided the main purpose for using your computer system you can then determine
the type of microprocessor you should buy Pentium II System - Excellent Performance The price of
your system will depend on the type and speed microprocessor you choose. For the best
performance shop for an Intel Pentium II processor. The Pentium II is available in speeds of
400MHz, 350MHz, 333MHz, 300MHz, 266MHz or 233MHz.
Pentium II - 400 MHz
This is a serious computer chip, and with all that power comes a hefty price tag. Buy this
microprocessor if you are seriously into image editing, computer-aided design (CAD) or any other
CPU intensive work. This is a really high-end machine that should be purchased if you need a lot
of processing power.
Pentium II - 266 MHz
This microprocessor is an average speed chip currently popular among vendors. It does not have
the speed of the 400 MHz, but it is still quite a powerful competitor. This processor has ample
power to run office applications and is an excellent choice for doing schoolwork. This middle
ground processor will not have to be upgraded for a while.
Pentium MMX - 200 MHz
This is the slowest chip that a person should buy right now. Buy this chip if the only thing you will
be doing on your computer is running office applications and surfing the web. If you plan on
running CAD programs or doing any image editing, a faster processor would probably be a better
choice. If budget isimportant this microprocessor will get you through creating term papers and
spreadsheets and give you good performance.

Note: Now days, you can get processing speeds of 600MHz, 500MHz of the Pentium-2 computers
and 667MHz, 933MHz versions of Pentium-3 computers.
What is an Operating System (OS)?
An operating system (from here on OS) is basically software that makes everything in the
computer work together smoothly and efficiently (hopefully!). Basically, its controls the "overall"
activity of a computer. Operating systems have three basic jobs they must do:
(a) Control Hardware - The operating system controls all the parts of the computer and attempts to
get everything working together.
(b) Run Applications - Another job the OS does is run application software. This would include
Microsoft Office, WinZip, games, etc.
(c) Manage Data and Files - The OS makes it easy for you to organize your computer. Through the
OS you are able to do a number of things to data including copy, move, delete, and rename it. This
makes it much easier to find and organize what you have.
Types of Operating Systems
There are a vast number of OS's out there. Let's briefly go over few of the more common ones:
Windows 95/98 - This is what you will find on most new PC's today. It is a very popular OS, and
there are many applications that run on it. It has an easy-to-use Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Windows NT - Windows NT is another Microsoft operating system that is beginning to really
catch on because of it's networking capabilities. Microsoft is trying to slowly phase out Windows
95/98 and replace it with some form of NT.
Macintosh System 7/8 - This is the operating system found on the Macintosh brand of
computers. This was one of the first GUI's to become popular. Macs have the history of being easy
to use, and coming equipped with all the hardware you'll need.
*NIX - This includes the OS's like UNIX, LINUX, etc. These are commonly called "workstations".
UNIX is a command prompt OS, much like the now defunct Microsoft DOS operating system. Unix
is by far the oldest of the operating systems, having been in existence for a good 20 years. *NIX
systems are now becoming a little more popular as desktops with the invention of programs like X
Windows, which allows *NIX systems to have a GUI. *NIX systems are still the kings of the
networking world, and many of the world's servers run *NIX.
What is a supercomputer?
Super computer is a computer that can process data millions of times faster than ordinary
computers. It consists of special microprocessors, which can process billions of data at a time.
Currently only five nations have the capability to make supercomputers and India is one of them..
Param 10000 developed by C-DAC, Pune is already in use for weather and military purposes.

What is the latest in computers?


There are lot of versions of computer you can see in the market at present. The most common
among them is called the laptop computers. Here the monitor of the computer is that of LCD (liquid
crystal display). It is very compact and light.

Hardware tutorial
The three main components of a personal computer:
1. System Unit 2. Monitor 3. Keyboard
The System Unit
The system unit is the entire computer as a whole. This includes the case and all the hardware that
is installed inside. The rest of these pages will cover what is contained in the system unit. Be sure
to use the Clickable List to learn more about each topic!
More About the System Unit
The system unit is the computer. Powerful electronic circuitry that makes up the computer is
housed inside the case. The case can be opened by unscrewing the case screws and sliding off
the cover. To avoid, the computer must be unplugged from the electrical outlet. Most system units
consist of the computer case with a power supply,
suppl motherboard, memory (RAM), hard drive, floppy
disk drive, CDCD-ROM drive, disk controller, input/output ports, video adapter, and soundboard.
soundboar The
variation of the components inside the system unit is what makes one personal computer more
powerful than another personal computer.
The Case
The first decision we have to make is the type of case that we want our computer to have. The
case also comes with the power supply needed to power itself, along with the other components
that we add. The two styles that we have to choose from are a desktop or a tower case. All this
decision is based on is your personal preference. One type of case will not out-perform the other.
Sam prefers a mid-size tower case.
More About the Case
A power supply is installed in the case to provide the voltage needed to power the electronic
circuits in the system unit. Power supplies are rated in watts, and a typical computer case has a
200 watt power supply inside. A fan installed in the power supply helps to keep the computer and
its components from overheating. All the hardware components are installed in the bays of the
case. Usually not all the bays are filled when you purchase a new computer. Some are left unfilled
so you are able to upgrade your machine in time, for example, you may want to add a ZIP drive,
tape back up, or a CD-ROM burner.
The Mainboard
Selecting the mainboard is next. Every system has one: The motherboard is the largest circuit
board in your computer. It generally houses the CPU chip (brains of your computer), the controller
circuitry, the bus, memory (RAM-Random Access Memory) and sockets for additional boards,
which are actually called daughterboards. If you have a desktop computer, the motherboard is

generally the one at the bottom of the computer's case. If you have a tower-configuration case, it's
along one of the vertical sides. Clickable List System Unit Case Mainboard <Hardware_08-1.htm>
More About the Mainboard
The main circuit board, which is the largest single printed circuit board found inside the system
unit, is called the motherboard or mainboard. The mainboard has connectors called expansion
slots that will interface with other printed circuit boards such as sound and video adapter cards.
The most commonly used connectors are the ISA and PCI expansion slots.
Expansion Slots
Below is a section of an ISA network card that highlights the teeth of the card, which will allow it to
link with the motherboard (Teeth are Actual Size). The teeth will be seated into one of the ISA
expansion slots located on the motherboard. The network cable will then attach to the card. This is
a section of a PCI modem. Again, the highlighted region will connect into one of the motherboard's
PCI expansion slots, linking the modem to the motherboard (Teeth are Actual Size). The phone
line will connect to the card's exterior phone jack.
Microprocessor
On the motherboard, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is contained on a single integrated circuit
called the Microprocessor. The CPU is one of the most important elements of the personal
computer; without a CPU, there is no computer. The CPU contains the control unit and the
arithmetic/logic unit (ALU). The microprocessor is connected to the rest of the computer system
through three buses: the data bus, the address bus, and the control bus. CPU's come in different
speeds measured in Megahertz (MHz). The higher the number, the faster the processor is. There
are many different company's that produce. CPU's, which include Intel, AMD, and Cyrix.
Cyri Intel
made the first CPU back in 1971.
A CPU CONSIST OF
Video adapter, Input/output ports, Hard disk drive, Motherboard, Adapter, Fan, Floppy disk drive,
CD ROM drive.
Memory
The computer's primary memory (RAM) is also located on the motherboard. Most motherboards
have open connectors for Single In-line Memory Modules (SIMMS) so you can add more memory
quickly and inexpensively. You can purchase these memory chips whenever you decide to
upgrade your computer's memory. SIMM chips come in various types, so you will want to be aware
of what type you have. Additional important components on the motherboard include the BIOS
(Basic Input Output System), cache memory, system clock, keyboard connector, battery, and
support chips.

The Hard Disk Drive


Selecting the storage devices is next. For long term storage you need a Hard Disk Drive (HDD).
The HDD stores your programs and files. You can't take it with you when you leave your computer;
it is an internal drive. HDD's come in various sizes to choose from. Sam recommends a GODZILLA
sized HDD. GODZILLA 8.4 Gb, GIGAN 6.4 Gb, MINYA 4.3 Gb
The Floppy Disk Drive
In order to take your files with you, you will need a secondary storage device. A 3.5" Floppy Disk
Drive (FDD) is typical but limited to the amount of space one diskette can hold. One Floppy
diskette can only hold 1.44 MB of information on it. Now there are special drives available which
can run floppy discs of higher capacities like 10MB & 100 MB
The CD-ROM Drive
Every system unit assembled today includes a CD-ROM (Read Only Memory) drive. It consists of
a spindle that revs up the disc, a laser that flashes onto the disc's uneven surface, a prism that
deflects the laser beam, and a light-sensitive diode that reads the flashing light. There are many
choices. CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, or DVD-ROM. Your choice will definitely effect the total price of
your system unit.
The Video Card
The Pentium II mainboard has an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) expansion slot for installing an
AGP video card. The video card interfaces the monitor to the mainboard. An AGP card will allow
game and 3D application developers to store and retrieve larger, more realistic textures in system
memory rather than video memory, without incurring a dramatic performance hit. A 64-bit AGP
video card with 4Mb of RAM is a great choice for your computer.
The Sound Card
Installing a soundboard is the only way to create quality sound output. It provides high-quality
stereo sound. A "multimedia" PC usually includes a sound card, and one of the best known is the
SoundBlaster by Creative Labs.
The Modem
In order to go online and surf the web, or check E-mail, you will need a modem to connect to an
Internet Service Provider (ISP). A modem is a device that you connect to your computer and to a
phone line that allows the computer to talk to other computers through the phone system.
Basically, modems do for computers what a telephone does for humans.
The Network Card
If you would like to hook your computer up to another computer you will need a Network Interface
Card (NIC). A NIC is an adapter card that physically connects one computer to a network cable

and to another computer that has the same type of NIC. Sam says that this is mainly common in
businesses and in University Computer Labs where everyone can access the same server.
The Monitor
All computers are connected with some type of display. We mainly use a monitor. Monitors are
available in different types and sizes. When we purchase a new computer, a monitor is not always
included. Understanding the concepts of a good monitor will help us to either purchase one, or
evaluate the monitor that may come with our system unit. Some of these key concepts that need to
be looked at are: pixels, refresh rate, resolution, and size.
More About Monitors
Monitors come in many different shapes and forms. Going out and looking at all the different types
will help you find what you want.
Types Of Monitors
When we talk about screens, there are two different types to choose from:
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube): the most common type of screen. This is the traditional picture tube,
a big glass bottle. This is just like a television.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): flat and soft displays. The prices of these screens range higher
than CRT's. They are called "soft" displays, because the image appears softer than the CRT.
Concepts Behind Monitors
The principles behind these screen types are different, but the screen image design is still based
on the same concepts. These concepts consist of the following:
Pixels: The screen image is made of pixels (tiny dots), which are arranged in rows across the
screen. A screen image consists of between 480,000 and 1,920,000 pixels. Each pixel consists of
three colors: red, green, and blue (RGB).If you look close, you can see them.
Dot pitch: This is a measurement of how close together the phosphor dots are on the screen. The
finer the dot pitch, the better image quality you will have; look for the smaller number. Most
monitors today have a 0.28mm dot pitch. Some have a 0.25mm dot pitch, and this is quite good.
Refresh Rate: The screen image is refreshed many times per second. Refresh rates are
measured in Hertz (HZ), which means times per second. The higher the refresh rate, the screen
image appears steadier. It may look like a steady picture, but actually it flickers every time the
electron beam hits the phosphor-coated dots. (Also called vertical frequency or vertical refresh
rate.)
Colour Depth: Each pixel can display a number of different colors. The number of colors, which
can be displayed, is called the colour depth. This is measured in bits. The higher the depth, more
colors are able to be produced.

Video RAM (VRAM): All video cards have some memory. How much depends on the desired
colour depth you want your monitor set at. The more VRAM your video card has, the more the
amount of colors can be displayed. The video card also sends out the refresh signal, thus
controlling the refresh rate.
Resolution: The greater the number of pixels in the screen, the better the resolution. The greater
the resolution, the sharper the image will be. The lowest screen resolution on modern PC's is 640 x
480 pixels, which is called VGA. There are now SVGA (Super VGA) and XGA with resolutions all
the way up to 1600 x 1200. The terms are not used much anymore; we mainly look at the
resolution.
Screen Size: Monitor screen sizes are measured in inches, just like televisions. The most
common sizes are 14", 15", 17", 19", and 21" screens, measured diagonally. Note that the visible
size is actually smaller than the measurement size.
Colors: Colors are a must!! Good PC's must be able to display many colors on the screen. The
colors are created by varying the light intensity of the three basic colors (red, green, and blue). We
traditionally work with the following degrees of color depth:
256 colors (8 bit color), 65,536 colors (16 bit color, also called 65K or HiColor), 16 million colors
(24 bit color, also called True Color), 4 billion colors (32 bit color, also True Color), 24 and 32 bit
colors should be the choice for graphic artists and professional Photographers.
Photographers For application less
than this 16-bit color will be sufficient.
Standard Resolution # of pixels Rec. Size Refresh Rate
VGA 640 x 480 307,200 14" 60 - 72 HZ
SVGA 800 x 600 480,000 15" 17" 75 - 85 HZ
SVGA 1024 x 728 786,432 17", 19" 75 - 85 HZ
XGA 1152 x 864 995,328 17", 19", 21" 75 - 85 HZ
XGA 1280 x 1024 1,310,720 19", 21" 75 - 85 HZ
XGA 1600 x 1200 1,920,000 21" 75 - 85 HZ
To sum it all up: The higher the refresh rate, the better quality monitor you need. If you want both
high resolution and a high refresh rate, you will need both a high quality monitor and a high quality
video card. The bigger the screen, the more it must be able to produce.

BASICS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE


What is computer language?
People like us communicate with each other in languages like Hindi, English etc to exchange our
ideas with each other. Similarly the language that a computer understands, to perform various
operations is called machine language. It is called binary system, which consists of two digits 0
and1. Suppose you write something in Microsoft word and save it, the computer will convert the
entire stuff into machine language (001,100,10011 etc) and save it. Whenever you want to retrieve
the information you have saved, a device in the computer known as the compiler will reconvert the
machine language into text document and display the same in the monitor (desktop).
What is programming language?
A programming language is a language like c, c++, Java etc using which software programs are
written for specific applications. For example, using Java, you can create web pages and using
c++, you can write programs to make computer games.
What is computer software?
It is a program, when loaded and run in a computer can do specific functions. There are thousands
of softwares available in the market. For example, "windows 2000" is a software developed by
Microsoft corporation, which has got multiple utilities ranging from surfing the internet to making
documents. Softwares are basically divided into three categories
a. Operating System
b. Programs
c. Data
What are the most commonly used computer softwares and their uses?
The commonly used computer software are MS office, Winzip, Adobe acrobat, Autoview, browsers,
photo editing software, FoxPro, CAD etc..
MS office
This is a software which comes in built with the Microsoft Windows operating system. It consists of
5 packages viz Word, excel, PowerPoint, access & binder. This software is used for general office
purposes.
Winzip
This is a software which helps to compress files into smaller sizes.
Adobe acrobat
This is a software, which will give security to any document. Once it is converted to a pdf (adobe
acrobat) file, nobody can tamper with it.

Autoview
This software helps to view graphics. It supports almost all graphics format. Editing of graphics can
also be done with the help of this software.
Browsers
This software helps in extracting data from the Internet to be displayed in the computer, while
surfing the net. The most commonly used browsers are Internet explorer and Netscape navigator.
Photo editing software
These softwares help in manipulation of graphics. Some of the most common brands are Adobe
PhotoShop, paintshop pro and Corel draw.
FoxPro
This software helps in creating and maintaining huge database.
What is a computer and how it works?
Computers can store information in either human-readable format or in machine readable or binary
format. If you try to print, or open a binary format file, you will see a series of happy faces and other
symbols that mean nothing to you. Within binary files, there can be open standards or proprietary
formats. Different word processors use different symbols to indicate formatting--thus Microsoft
Word may or may not be able to read and correctly format a Word Perfect file. For complete
portability you should use a universal format like ASCII (text only) or HTML (allows formatting).
Computers store all data as a series of ones and zeros. For numbers this leads to a fundamental
difference between integers (the counting numbers) and real or floating point numbers. Integers
can be stored exactly with a series of ones and zeros, but real numbers must be approximated.
Computers store reals as an exponent and mantissa, which allows precision to a given number of
decimal places depending on the number of bytes used. Real arithmetic requires much
more computer processing power than integer arithmetic, which is why computers typically has a
math coprocessor or floating point unit (FPU) designed to perform the calculations in hardware.
Real numbers generally follow the standards of the IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers), which provides both 4 byte and 8 byte floating point types.
Image formats:
BMP: the standard Windows Bit Map Picture format.
GIF: Graphics Interchange format, pioneered for CompuServe.
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Groups, a compressed format in the public domain.
TIFF: Tagged Image File Format, with both compressed and uncompressed variants. A special
version (GEOTIFF) can contain ground co-ordinates associated with the image, making it
applicable for satellite or map data.

Movie formats:
MOV:
MO the Apple QuickTime format. Apple has a viewer available for free download for Windows.
Compressed format.
GIF:
GI Graphics Interchange format, pioneered for Compuserve.
Compuserv This movie format can only use 256
colors and does not support sound. Compressed format.
AVI: AudioVisual Interleaved, the native Windows format. These can be uncompressed or
compressed; if compressed, the viewing computer must have the correct code to decipher the file,
and often this will not be the case.
MPEG:
MPE Motion Picture Experts Group, a compressed format.
Sound formats:
WAV: Windows AudioVisual, basically a digital tape recorder format. Setting control the quality of
the sound, and files can become very large very fast.
MID: MIDI, where only the notes and instruments used are stored. Very compact for instrumental
music, but cannot store vocals or sound effects.
MP3: current MPEG format for sound only, with very good compression. Legal quagmire as people
copy and post music illegally, but many struggling bands want to distribute their music
Data Storage Sizes:
Bit: the smallest element used by a computer. In electrical terms it represents on/off; in
mathematical terms, a 0/1.
Byte: eight bits. The can represent 28 (256) distinct values, or numbers from 0 to 255.
Kilobyte: 1024bytes, often loosely considered to be 1000 bytes.
Megabyte: 10242=1,048,576 bytes, often loosely considered to be 1,000,000 bytes
Gigabyte: 10243=1,073,741,824 bytes, often loosely considered to be 1,000,000,000 bytes.
Terabyte : 10244=1,099,511,627,776 bytes, often loosely considered to be 1,000,000,000,000
bytes.
Text formats
ASCII: American Standard Code for the Interchange of Information. A code that uses 128 values
to transfer text data between computers. These include the alphabet (upper and lower case), 10
digits, punctuation marks, and some control characters (tab, beep, line return, escape). Since
computers generally use bytes for efficient storage, IBM extended this character set to include
some international characters and box drawing. The extra 128 characters should beavailable on
most Windows machines.
HTML: Hyper Text Mark up Language, the mainstay of the WWW. An ASCII coding that using
special codes (<B> and </B> to start and stop boldface, for instance) to allow the transfer of
formatting information in files. Standard word processors use proprietary codes for formatting that
usually cannot be readily transformed to other machines.

Color formats
RGB model: computers and televisions used a red-green-blue model for colors; the monitors use
three electron guns.
CYM model: printers use a cyan-yellow-magenta model. Cyan is a light blue (the mixture of green
and blue), yellow mixes red and green and magenta is purple (the mixture of red and blue). Mixing
all three should give black, but this generally looks bad and most printers also include a fourth ink,
black.
16 color: the 16 colors can be selected from the 16 million the monitor can display.
256 color: the 256 colors can be selected from the 16 million the monitor can display, although in
some cases Windows forces about 30 of the colors to be its standard choices.
15 bit color : uses 5 bits for each color.
16 bit (high color): since storage must be in 8 bit (or byte) increments, 16 bit color is common. This
does not divide evenly into three colors, but blue generally contains much less information than red
or green and this provides very acceptable results.
24 bit (true color): 8 bits for each color, or a total of 16,777,216. This is the limit that can be
displayed by most monitors. Most users cannot differentiate anywhere near this number of colors,
and cannot distinguish this mode from 15 and 16 bit modes.
Storage media:
Floppy disks:
disk store 1.44 MB
Zip disks: original version stores 100 MB; newer version larger. This has become a kind of
standard because so many have been sold. You can get internal models, which are faster, or
external models, which are easy to transport and hook up to the computer via the printer port.
Made by IOMEGA.
JAZZ disks: stores 1 GB. Only available in internal models. Made by IOMEGA.
CDCD-ROM: store 650 MB, or 74 minutes of CD quality music (so about 9 MB/minute)
CDCD-R: CD-Recordable; these can be burned once. The media cost about $1 each for 650 MB, so
media cost is negligible.
CDCD-R W: CD-Rewrite; these can be written over. They cost $10 or so each, and thus are a lot more
costly than plain CD-R.
DVD: store the equivalent of 5-6 CD-ROMs. The encryption system for movies has just been
cracked in Scandinavia, setting off a legal battle about whether you can post a link to the location
where the software is available.

FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNET
What is Internet?
Internet consist of a network of millions of computers all over the world connected through
telephone lines and satellites, which can speak (communicate) to each other by exchanging data.
The information is stored in a device called the "server" or the host, from which any computer
connected to the internet can access the data stored in that server. Even the computer itself
can act as a server.
Or
You can simply say that Internet is an international network of computers linked with each other to
exchange information. Learn more about Internet at: www.learnthenet.com
What are the components of Internet?
Just consider Internet as a tree. A tree consists of leaves, branches roots stem etc. Like that, the
Internet also has got several branches. The basic components of Internet are
1. world wide web
2. E-mail
3. Telnet
4. FTP
5. IRC (internet relay chat)
6. Usenet groups
E-mail
It is the short form of electronic mail. Using this facility you can send texts graphics etc to anybody
who has got an e-mail account. a typical e-mail account looks like you@hotmail.com .Now
.
days
there are lot of sites, which provide free e-mail services. Some major e-mail service providers are
www.operamail.com
www.hotmail.com
www.yahoo.com
www.mailcity.com
www.netaddresses.com
www.rediff.com
www.aol.com.
If you want to search for somebodye -mail, use e-mail search engines. Some of the best e-mail
search engines are
www.bigfoot.com
www.iaf.net
www.whowhere.com
www.four11.com

FTP
Abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol. A special FTP program is used to transfer files from one
computer to another. It is often used by Webmasters to upload their files to a Web site. It is also
used to download files from Web sites.
Usenet newsgroups
A system of thousands of special interest groups to which readers can send or "post" messages;
these messages are then distributed to other computers on the network. Usenet registers
newsgroups, which are available through Internet Service Providers.
IRC (Chat)
It is the short form of Internet relay chat. Chat describes the way people communicate online in real
time. The term "chat" is actually a misnomer. Typically, people in online chat sessions type
messages to each other using their keyboards. The message then appears on the screens of all
the participants. Chats can involve two or more people.
Chat Room
An electronic space, typically a web site or a section of an online service, where people can go to
communicate online in real time. Chat rooms are often organized around specific interests, such as
small business owners, gardening, etc.
FTP
This is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol -- a very common method of transferring one or more
files from one computer to another. FTP is a specific way to connect to another Internet site to
retrieve and send files. FTP was developed in the early days of the Internet to copy files from
computer to computer. With the advent of the World Wide Web, and web browser software,
you no longer need to know arcane FTP commands to copy to and from other computers. In your
browser, you can use FTP by typing the URL into the location box at the top of your screen. For
example, typing ftp://name.of.site/directory/filename.zip transfers the file filename.zip to your
computer's hard disk. Typing ftp://name.of.site/directory/ gives you a listing of all the files available
in that directory. If your web browser doesn't have built-in FTP capability, or if you want to upload
files to a remote computer, you will need to use an FTP client program to transfer files. To use
FTP, you need to know the name of the file, the computer where it resides, and the directory it's in.
Most files are available via "anonymous FTP," which means you can log into the machine with the
user name "anonymous" and use your e-mail address as your password.
Telnet
Telnet is a software program that allows you to log in to other remote computers on the Internet to
which you have access. Once you are logged into the remote system, you can download files,
engage in conferencing, and perform the same commands as if you were directly connected by
computer. You need an Internet account to be able to use a telnet program.

What is World Wide Web? (WWW or W3)


The World Wide Web is a group of Internet servers that supports hypertext (link) to access several
Internet protocols on a single platform. Hypertext is a document containing words that connect to
other documents. These words are called links. WWW contains a complex virtual web of
connections among a vast number of documents, graphics, videos, and sounds. Producing
hypertext for the Web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called HyperTxt
Mark-up Language, or HTML.
HTM The example of a hypertext (link) is given below Eg:
www.yahoo.com (if you click here, it will connect you to another document or web page) The World
Wide Web was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners -Lee of the European Particle Physics Lab
(CERN) in Switzerland.
Or
Simply you can say that the information available in the Internet is called World Wide Web.
What are Internet protocols?
This includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. In addition to these, the World Wide Web has
its own protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. The World Wide Web provides a single
interface for accessing all these protocols. This creates a convenient and user-friendly
environment. It is no longer necessary to be conversant in these protocols within separate,
command-level environments. The Web gathers together these protocols into a single system.
Because of this feature, and because of the Web's ability to work with multimedia and advanced
programming languages, the World Wide Web is the fastest-growing component of the Internet.
HTTP: It is the short form of " hypertext transfer protocol". Please don't get frightened by hearing
this term. In the Internet, there are two types of computers, one is the host computer (server) that
store the database (web pages) and the other is the client compute rs (like your computer at homeconnected to the Internet) which request information from the host computers. These two
computers communicate with each other satisfying a special kind of protocol called " HTTP " or
hypertext transfer protocol.
What is a we b site?
A web site consists of web pages, which are made using software programs like Java, html, and
ASP, which incorporate images and data in the digital form. Every web site has got a unique URL
address. URL is the short form of " uniform research locator", which is actually a number (like
208.56.218.128 ) which represents the web site. Just remember, like your home address, every
web site has got a unique address in the World Wide Web to mark its identity. It is also called IP
address or Internet protocol address. Since it is very difficult to remember the number, every site is
known by a particular name of the format " http://www.abcd.com" Every page in the web site is also
denoted by a unique URL of the format http://www.abcd.com/subject.html. The database
incorporated in a web site is called contents.

For example, the web site address of " yahoo" search engine is
http://www.yahoo.com
Eg.
The IP address (Internet protocol address) of www.wonderfulkerala.com is 208.56.218.128. if you
type this number on the address bar and press , the site www.wonderfulkerala.com will open.
What is a server?
A server is a machine in which web pages or computer data is stored for future use. A web server
can be defined as that machine which is connected to Internet, in which web pages are stored.
Whenever a client computer requests data from this server, it transfers the data satisfying a
protocol called "http" or hypertext transfer protocol. Depending upon the configuration of the
server, thousands of computers can access the data from the sever at a time. Some of the server
manufacturing companies are IBM (International business machines): www.ibm.com
What is a domain name?
Just like your surname (like Patel, Sharma, Nair, Gupta, Singh etc) all the web sites in the Internet
end up with a specific domain name. It indicates the nature of the web site and some times the
country of its registration. For example, consider the web site " www.yahoo.co m", the "com" part of
it is called domain name. It also indicates that "yahoo" is a commercial organization. Following are
some of the common domain names. Before registering a domain name, just see whether that
domain name is available for registration through the web site
www.register.com .
Domain names are very critical for business. If you have got a saleable domain name, you can
make a lot of money. Recently, domain names like "www.loan.com. www.fruit.com were sold for
millions of dollars. If you want to do the same, register a domain name and try selling it, perhaps
you too can make some money out of it.
In India, you can register a domain name for just Rs.650 for a year. Two companies are offering
this service. Visit the following sites to get more details
www.net4domains.com
www.pugmarks.com
Note: while registering a domain name remember the following things It should be simple and
catchy and if possible have some resemblance with your business. Don go for long names, here
the problem comes when a person may wrongly spell your site. Almost all the successful
companies have short domain names, see www.yahoo.com or www.google.com. See more details
in the site: www.useit.com.

Launch yourself into the World Wide Web


You have been reading a lot about Internet now a days, but are you a part of it? If no, read on. You
don't need to have a web site to become a part of Internet. You can easily launch yourself into
Internet using the free home page facility provided by many web sites. Web sites like "
ww.geocities.com &
www.tripod.com are the best. You can build your free home pages in these sites.
What is to be done?
Log on to the Internet and open any of the above sites. Then you have to register yourself as a
member. Then you can proceed further to build your home page in the Internet. In these sites, you
will find lot of tools and templates for building home pages, utilize them and make a web page of
your choice. You can upload (insert the contents) your page using a program called FTP (file
transfer protocol), which you will find in the site itself. Suppose you have made a free home page
in geocities, it will look something like http://www.geocities.com/yourself/ Following are some of the
web sites in which you can create your own free home pages. If you are really crazy about
Internet, you can make your free home pages in more than a dozen of sites. Now don't wait,
launch yourself with a thundering impact into the Internet. You are the hero of tomorrow.
The major free home page services in the Internet are
www.tripod.com
www.geocities.com
www.xoom.com
www.spree.com
www.rediff.com
www.angelfire.lycos.com
www.freecenter.com
www.afreehome.com
www.fg-a.com/webspace.htm
www.freecenter.com/homepages.html
www.freehomepages.com
www.freechannel.net/freew eb.html
www.webmy.com/homepage.html
www.batcave.net
http://members.asiaco.com
http://members.onecenter.com.
www.freecenter.com/tell.html
www.wilsoninfo.com/webspace.htm
www.freemania.net/homepage.htm
http://www.sansuk.com/freehomepage.htm
http://rsl.net/free_homepages.htm
http://members.indiaspider.com
www.freezone.com
www.customcreate.com/freezone/index5.htm
www.california.com/~sgeler/
www.freestuffworld.com/pages.html
www.freewebspace.net/
www.y4i.com/freeusa.html
www.freechannel.net/freeweb2.html

www.cyber-nurse.com/homepages/
www.sunnet.net/copeland/free.htm
www.moneyfromtheweb.com/dfreehomepages.html
www.1000free.com/free/free_homepages.asp
www.chickasha.com
www.errorfree.eu.org

Surfing the Internet?


Now since you are connected to the Internet with the help of an Internet service provider (ISP), you
can start surfing. The ISP will allot you a user name and password using which you log on to the
net. Always remember that , when you are surfing, your telephone line will be engaged, so while
you are surfing no body can contact through the phone through which you are connected to the
internet. For surfing the Internet, you have to install a software program called "browser" in your
computer. Browser is a software, which will extract contents from the world wide web and enable
you to view as web pages. You can compare browser with a sponge that absorbs water on contact
with it.
The most commonly used browsers are "Microsoft Internet explorer & Netscape navigator". The
Internet explorer comes in built with windows 2000 package. Both are excellent browsers for
surfing the Internet. Other than these two, the other browsers available in the market are " opera,
cyberdog, Ibrowse, lynx, echo, macweb etc.
How to surf the Internet?
Just click on to the browser program, soon the dial-up networking will be activated and you will
hear a dial tone from the modem. If the line is established, a window will pop up, which will ask you
to supply the user name and password. Once you have supplied the user name and password, if it
is correct, you will log on to the net and become ready for surfing. Now just type the URL address
of the web site you want to view on the address bar and soon the web pages of that particular site
will be displayed before you.
Note:
While typing the URL address on the address bar, you need not have to type the entire
address like" http://www.yahoo.com". You can simply type yahoo and press enter button on
the keyboard. The yahoo page will open before you. In the case of other web sites, you may
have to type "website.com" and press the enter button to see the web pages of that site.

While you are surfing the web, your browser will automatically save all thepages that you
have visited as "cache files" or temporary Internet files. You can view all these pages later
by just clicking the "history" button in your browser.

If you are surfing the net daily for hours together, a big history file will be generated, which
may eventually slow down your computer. So occasionally click the "clear history" button in
the browser settings to remove old pages.

Also you can set the expiration date for the history files which will be stored as cache files,
using options in the browser settings. It is better that you keep the expiry date say 1 to 2
days, using browser settings.

Surfing the Internet with the help of search engines and directories
The best and easiest way to surf the net is by using search engines. If you go to web directories
(yahoo, google, gobutton etc) and simply type the category of sites you want to see, say art, then
the directory will list all the sites related with art in that category. Else, you can search for a
particular topic in the search engines. Following are the top ten search engines in the Internet
www.google.com
www.altavista.com
www.northernlight.com
www.yahoo.com
www.msn.com
www.lycos.com
www.excite.com
www.snap.com
www.hotbot.com
www.euroseek.com
Meta search engines
These are search engines, which will give the combined search results of many
search engines put together. Some major meta search engines are
www.metacrawler.com
www.webcrawler.com
www.appuonline.com
www.dogpile.com
If you want to know more about search engines, visit
www.searchenginewatch.com

Fundamentals of web site designing.


Your success in cyberspace depends on the contents of your web site, its utility and navigability
and time taken to download web pages. Following are the inevitable features of any successful
web site in the Internet.
Simplicity:
A web site should be as simple as possible. It should not be packed with texts or graphics, which
will confuse the visitor. Just visit www.google.com or www.yahoo.com, you will know what is a
simple web site is.
Downloading time:
The web site should download very fast on entering the URL address. According to a recent
research conducted, if your site will not open within 10-15 seconds, people will simply leave your
site. So never include heavy graphics, Java applets in your front page. These things will hamper
your business although it will add beauty to your site.
Easy navigability
Navigability means, finding what you want on the web site. If you visit some sites, you can see that
things are very confusing. So make your site simple and user friendly. www.netscape.com is an
easily navigable site.
Browser viability and monitor resolutions:
Your web site should look alike in all the major browsers. So, after designing your site, test the web
page in all the major browsers like Internet explorer, Netscape etc. if some problems are there
rectify them on the spot. The PC monitor resolutions are also very important. Now a days, 15"&14"
monitors are commonly in use. After designing your pages just see, how your pages look in
different monitor sizes. Some PC monitor resolutions are 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768 etc.
The language used for web design
There are lots of languages and tools using which you can design your web site. If you are a
beginner, you can start with HTML. Now days mostly Java is used for web design since this
language is more flexible and has got more features than HTML. If you are an advanced
programmer, you can design your web pages in ASP (active server pages). Here the web pages
become dynamic after downloading in the browser. That means the user can do settings in the
web pages without affecting the contents of the web pages. The web pages can move, animate or
respond to the user after downloading in the browser. There is another language called DHTML,
which will also give the same properties like that of ASP, but with fewer features.
Learn more about good web designing at www.useit.com

Fundamentals of web marketing and search


engine submissions.
Now days, you can see millions of web sites in the Internet and this big network is growing at an
amazing speed everyday. But the pity is that, only a few web sites are famous and others are
simply in the dark even though they have good contents and utility. This happens because, the
creators of these sites did not pay much attention in marketing the site. Unless and until people
view your web site, there is no use of being in cyber space. So, if you have got a web site, start
promoting it right from now. Here are some methods using which you can promote your web site.
Announce your web site
Make a three-line write-up of your site and send it to all your friends & well wishers and ask them to
spread it.
Join a mailing list
You can simply join a mailing list and announce your site. There are thousands of newsgroups and
mailing lists in the Internet. Some common mailing lists are
www.egroups.com
www.liszt.com
If you want, you can sta rt your own mailing list in
www.coollist.com
Register with whats new sites
There are lots of sites, which will list what are the latest sites that has been added to the Internet.
Simply log on to such sites and register your web site. Some such sites are
www.stpt.com
www.whatsnu.com
Register with web directories
Web directories are the yellow pages of Internet. You can simply visit such web directories and
register your site in such categories. Try with web directories like
www.gobutton.com
www.questfinder.com
Register with search engines
Just remember that 80% of the traffic generated in any web site is through search engines. So, if
you want to get good number of hits, you should be registered with top search engines and your
ranking in the search engine should be high. Suppose you have got a web site on yoga, if anybody
give a search for yoga, your site should come within the first ten or twenty. Else there is no use of
being in the net. A poor ranking is as good as not existing in the web at all.

How to register with search engines?


Register free
There are lots of sites, which will allow your site to be submitted free to many search engines.
Some such sites are www.addme.com & www.submitplus.com.
In add me .com,
.co you will have to paste the HTML code allotted by them in your site and you can
submit your site to 36 search engines freely.
In submitplus.com,
submitplus.co you can freely register your site to 100 search engines.
Hire a submission service
There are web sites, which will submit your site to thousands of search engines by charging a
small fee. You can hire their services. Some such sites are
www.submit-it.com
www.submitplus.com
www.simplesubmit.com
www.addme.com
Use submission software
There is particular software called submission software, which will automatically submit your site to
search engines. You can buy this software at
www.webposition.com
Manual submission
You can also manually submit your site to all the major search engines. For this, you have to go to
"add URL"
UR or "suggest a site"
sit section in the search engine and register your site. You can simply
type the above key words in any search engines and instantly all the pages in that category will
come up, where you can add your site on the spot. Also when you submit your site, try to submit all
your pages individually, this will help you to get a better ranking in the search engines.
Use proper Meta tags or key words
These are key words using which any search engine will pick your site from the World Wide Web
when any body gives a search on a specific topic. Suppose you are having a site on yoga, with
Meta tags as follows
<META NAME = "yoga, meditation, kundalini, shirshasan

. Etc>

your site is already listed in the search engine. Suppose I opened the search engine and type "
shirshasan" and give a search, then the search engine will search the entire web to find out the
pages containing that key word. Since your site is having that key word, your site will also come-up
in the search result.
Note:
While writing Meta tags, always remember that, you should not repeat a word again and again. If
done like that, the search engines will blacklist your site or remove your site from the listing. So

give synonyms of words. For example your site is about nature, the meta tags should be nature,
greenery, trees, grass, clean air, geography, flora etc..
Re-submit
You have submitted your site once to the search engines. After a few weeks,
your site will be listed in the search engines. But don't be complacent with that.
With the passage of time, your rank with the search engine will also lower. So
re-submit your site again and again after a period of time. But remember that, if
your ranking is 6 and you want the first ranking, don re-submit. Actually in that
case, your ranking will come down.
Name your pages with key words
Some search engines like yahoo will search for the name of the URLs while indexing pages. So,
try to give key words in the URL pages. For example, if you have got a web site selling flowers,
one of the pages of your site can be http://www.myflower.com/flowers/delivery.html. Here "flowers
& delivery" will be considered as key words.
Improve the site re-visit value
Any user coming to your site should feel that your site is a useful one and should be tempted to
visit again and again. To achieve this, your site should have good contents, easy navigability and
less downloading time. If these things are not met, people will not visit your site again. So, strive to
make your site attractive to the visitors. To know the precise needs of the customers, attach a
feedback form in your site.
Provide reciprocal link
You can give other web site links in your site so that, your site will be linked in theirs. If such an
arrangement is made, your site will generate more traffic. There is lot of sites promoting link
exchange and banner exchange programs. The web site, www.linkexchange.com is the finest
example in this category. Also find about more about banner exchange programs at
www.beseen.com &
www.bcentral.com.
Advertise in e-mail newsletters
You can join e-mail news letter, news groups etc.. Which will give details about various events in
the web. You can effectively insert the information about your site in such sites.
Join web ring
Web rings consist of a collection of sites on common topics. Here each site is linked to one site
before it and one site after it. So, a virtual ring ring of websites will be formed in the cyberspace
where each site is hyper linked to another to form a cyber ring. Web rings can generate lot of hits.
If you want to learn more, log on to www.webring.org.

Print your site name in the stationery


Don't forget to print the site's address in all the stationery you supply from your company. It will
definitely help the promotion of your site.
Other techniques
If you have got lot of money to spend for advertising your site, simply give big advertisements in
newspapers, magazines etc. it will generate huge traffic in your site instantly. Also if you pay the
search engines, they will ensure that, your site will get very high ranking on searching for specific
key words.
Remember:
Remembe don't forget to implement all these ideas, if you are planning to start a web site.
To install a hit counter in your site, log on to http://hitometer.netscape.com.
if you want to know, whether all the pages of the site is working properly, log on to
www.internetseer.com and register,if your URL went erroneous, you will be informed through mail.
If you want to know the web site traffic report of your site free, log on to
www.websitetrafficreport.com and register, they will e -mail you the web site traffic report
periodically.

How to make money from Internet?


Internet has become a major source for pumping money from anywhere in the world provided you
know the simple tactics of e-commerce. Actually there are thousands of ways of making money
through Internet. Let me explain to you briefly some of them.
Selling goods and services through net:
Suppose you are a merchant selling any sort of merchandise, with the help of Internet you can sell
your goods online to any consumer anywhere in the world. The business done through Internet is
called e - commerce.
commerc You can sell almost any goods and services through net. Suppose you are a
doctor, you can give online prescriptions and consultations to your patients. www.amazon .com is
the classic example of selling books through Internet.
Connecting people, business and services (brokering)
You can become an agent to connect people worldwide to meet their requirements for anything.
Suppose you are connecting buyers and sellers of any type of goods, it is called B2B business to
business e-commerce. You can earn commissions for each transaction-taking place through your
site from the customers. The site www.ebay.com is the finest example of an online auction site that
connects buyers and sellers of any kind. You can connect people, business and services and earn
handsome commissions.
Selling your talent:
Suppose you have got a fairly good writing talent, write it down put it in the net and allow people to
download it for a flat fee. You may earn thousands of dollars. In the net, you can find lot of people
marketing their own music, movies, books, paintings etc. many kids are virtually making thousands
of dollars per month by simply selling games online. If you want you can also do that.

Make a web site, popularize it and sell it off or sell domain names
The most famous e-mail service, www.hotmail.com was sold to Microsoft by Mr. Sabeer Bhatia at
a whopping sum of $ 400 million. In India too, recently "Satyam onlin e" bought five web sites of
"India world" at a huge amount of 499 crores.
If you take some pains, you can easily make a web site, popularize it and sell it off at high prices.
You can also sell domain names at high price provided you have got a catchy domain name.
Recently domain names like www.fruit.com and www.loan.com were auctioned for millions of
dollars. If you want, you can also book a domain name and put up for auction and see how will it
work.
Start a porn site
If you are really craze about making money through net, then the worst, but the easiest way is to
start a porn site. Although there are thousands of sites on pornography minting thousands of

dollars daily. If you can come up with some innovative idea, you can also make it. Do you want to
see the most successful porn site in the Internet, then log on to www.wetland.com; you will see the
magic.
Note:
There are actually thousands of methods of making money through Internet, but it is not possible
to explain all of these within the limited space. Some of the common merchandise sold through net
is greeting cards, books, music, videos, computer games, e-book etc. if you are selling a
downloadable product like e-book or computer games, the advantage is that, there is no cost of
shipping. But the dark side is that, if some third person buy your book and start selling the
same after putting it in his site with minor change, then you may not be able to do anything. You
might be in India and he might be in Pakistan. Although you can put up a case in the international
court, you may have to spend lot of money for that. So keep this in mind, when you put
downloadable product in the net for sale.

BEST WEB SITES IN INDIA


There are hundreds of sites in India about various topics, the top 50 sites in India are
www.rediff.com-portal
www.nic.in-government
www.indiatimes.com -Portal
www.timesofindia.com -News
www.webindia.com -Portal
www.india-today.com - News
www.go4i.com -News
www.samachar.com -News
www.vsnl.net.in - ISP
www.itihaas.com - Contents/History
www.economictimes.com - News
www.indiagov.org -Government
www.chennaionline.com -Portal
www.the-hindu.com - News
www.pugmarks.com _ Portal
www.hindustantimes.com -News
www.bseindia.com -Stocks
www.satyamonline.com -Portal
www.indiaserver.com -News/Portal
www.khoj.com -Search
www.indiafm.com -Music
www.naukri.com -Jobs
www.indiaconnect.com -Hosting
www.ciol.com -Portal
www.dgreetings.com -Vortal
www.careerindia.com -Vortal
www.indiatravelog.com -Travel
www.accessworldwide.com -Travel
www.rediffmail.com - Mail
www.equitymaster.com -Share
www.eci.gov.in -Election
www.pyara.com -Bollywood
www.rbi.org.in -Bank
www.dhan.com -Finance
www.homeindia.com -Portal
www.mtnl.net.in - ISP
www.chaitime.com
www.timepass.com -New
www.clubgreetings.com -Greetings
www.zeenext.com -education
www.timesjobsandcareers.com -Jobs
www.mantraonline.com-ISP
If you want to know the best sites in India, visit
www.bestindiansites.com
Some other interesting sites in India are
Best Tourism Sites
www.allindiaguide.com
www.indiatravelog.com
www.yatraindia.com
www.indiagov.org
www.tourindia.com

www.indiatours.com
www.tourismindiaonline.com
www.tourismindia.com
http://travel.indiamart.com
http://planetindia.net/mti
www.indiatourism.com
www.businesstourism.com
www.ypindia.com
www.allindia.com/tourism
www.indiatravelite.com
INDIAN FOOD
www.deliciousindia.com
www.allindia.com/cuisine
INDIAN GOVERNMENT
www.nic.in
BEST HOTELS IN INDIA
www.oberoihotels.com
www.indianhotels.com
www.tajhotels.com
www.theleela.com
www.holidayinnbombay.com
www.theparkhotels.com
www.welcomegroup.com
www.centaurhotel.com
www.theashokgroup.com
www.neemrana.com
www.siddhartha.de/english/hotels.htm
www.indias.com/hotels.html
www.grandhotelbombay.com
www.fariyas.com
www.presidenthotels.com
www.cindrellahotels.com
www.panchshil.com
www.seaprincess.com
www.nirula.com
Airline Companies in India
www.nic.in/indian-airlines/
www.airindia.com
www.jetairways.com
www.saharaairline.com
www.lufthansa-india.com
www.britishairways.com/india
www.deccan-air.com
www.swissairindia.com
Indian Railway
www.indianrailway.com
www.southernrailway.org
Map of India
www.cslab.uky.edu/~prash1/html/bharat.html
www.imapindia.com
SALUTE OUR BRAVE SOLDIERS
www.bharat-rakshak.com
www.herosofkargil.com
Indian Spices

www.indianspices.com
Indian Women
www.indiawomanpower.com
www.icleo.com
Stunning Truths about India
www.swordoftruth.com
Indian Books
www.indiabookshop.com
www.fabmart.com
www.firstandsecond.com
Newspapers of India
www.timesofindia.com
www.hinduonline.com
www.samachar.com
www.indiaexpress.com
www.indiaabroad.com
www.india-today.com
GENERAL SITES
www.india.com
www.ciol.com
www.indianstates.com
www.ourindia.com
Indian Festivals
www.indiafestivals.com
www.indiatouristoffice.org/Culture/Festivals.htm
www.diwali.com
Holiday Resorts
www.sitaresorts.com/sitaholiday/m-food.htm
www.goacom.com/realestate/asiatic/paraiso.html
www.swagathresorts.com
www.clubmahindra.com
www.khavel-resort.com
www.heritageresort.com
www.vgpindia.com/Holiday.htm
www.beaconholidays.com
www.resortsindia.com
Beaches of India
www.indiagov.org/tourism/beaches/beaches.htm
Indian Heritage
www.tajmahal.com
www.harappa.com
www.khajuraho.com
GOA SPECIAL
www.goacom.com
www.goa-world.net
www.goa-interactive.com
www.goenkar.com
INDIAN WILD LIFE
http://wild.allindia.com
Directory
www.goidirectory.nic.in
www.appuonline.com
www.bigwebindia.com
Indian History

www.itihaas.com
http://ancienthistory.miningco.com/msub7.htm
Indian Music & Dance
www.raga.com
www.carnaticmusic.com
www.darshanam.com
www.kutcheribuzz.com
www.bharathanatyam.com
www.allindia.com/arts/dance.htm
www.indiamusic.com
Tour Operators of India
www.uviholidays.com
www.tcindia.com
www.rajtours.com
www.himalayanholidays.com
www.beaconholidays.com
www.kesaritours.com
www.amantravels.com
Indian Search Engines
www.123india.com
www.khoj.com
www.rediff.com
www.mantraonline.com
www.satyamonline.com
http://in.orientation.com
www.indiatimes.com
Indian Law
www.indlaw.com
Indian Religions & Mysticism
www.osho.com
www.secularindia.com
www.hindunet.org
www.rss.org
www.hinduismtoday.kauai.hi.us/ashram/
www.iconsoftec.com/gita/
www.sikhnet.com
www.siddhivinayak.org
www.chinmaya.org
STATE WISE TOURISM SITES
www.up-tourism.com
www.karnataka.com/tourism/index.html
www.aptourism.com
www.delhitourism.com
www.ktdc.com

INTERNATIONAL WEB DIRECTORY


A web directory contains the list web sites on different topics. Following are some of the top web
sites on various subjects, which you can use in your day to day life. Now go for the gold.
TOP SEARCH ENGINES
www.google.com
www.infoseek.com
www.altavista.com
www.yahoo.com
www.northernlight.com
FREE E-MAIL SERVICES
www.operamail.com
www.hotmail.com
www.usa.net
www.rocketmail.com
www.mailcity.com
CREDIT CARD SERVICES
www.cybercash.com
www.authorizenet.com
www.digicash.com
www.netcash.com
ONLINE PUBLISHING
www.iuniverse.com
www.publishingonline.com
GET DIVORCED
www.divorcecentral.com
www.flyingsolo.com
FIND A JOB
www.jobsearch.co.uk
www.hotjobs.com
USE A CREDIT CARD
www.visa.com
www.mastercard.com
www.americanexpress.com
GET MARRIED
www.bridalpartner.com
www.weddingworld.com
www.findmatch.com
BUY A CAR
www.artcars.com
www.autoweb.com
www.traderonline.com
SEND A PACKET
www.dhl.com
www.fedex.com
E-MAIL SEARCH ENGINE
www.iaf.net
www.bigfoot.com
HOME MAKER
www.rdathome.com
www.toiletology.com
SELL YOURSELF
www.collab.net
www.guru.com

www.hellobrain.com
www.niku.com
DOCTORS ONLINE
www.allhealth.com
www.mayohealth.org
www.webmd.com
www.drkoop.com
FREE DISC SPACE
www.freedrive.com
www.freediscspace.com
www.idrive.com
www.docspace.com
MONEY CONVERTER
www.xe.net/currency/
SCHOLARSHIP
www.worldwidescholarships.com
www.scholarship.com
MAKE A ROCKET
www.rocketryonline.com
GAYS AND LESBIANS
www.datalounge.com
www.planetout.com
www.pridenet.com
PC-MAGAZINES
www.pcmag.com
www.cnet.com
www.pcworld.com
DATING
www.dating.com
www.match.com
www.mixnmatch.com
MAKE SOME MONEY
www.activeselling.com
www.jobcash.com
www.radiofreecash.com
http://affiliate.backup.com
GO SHOPPING
www.etoys.com
www.mothermall.com
www.internetmall.com
www.onsale.com
FIND A HOME
www.homefair.com
www.homescout.com
www.realtor.com
www.homeadvisor.msn.com
BROKERS ONLINE
www.ameritrade.com
www.schwab.com
www.datek.com
www.etrade.com
www.waterhouse.com
MOVIES
www.imdb.com

www.oscars.org
www.bollywood.com
www.script-o-rama.com
www.hollywood.com
AUCTIONS
www.ebay.com
www.christies.com
www.sothebys.com
www.auctionuniverse.com
www.onsaleauctions.com
GREETING CARDS
www.bluemountain.com
www.hallmark.com
www.cards4you.com
www.123greetings.com
www.lovingyou.com
COMPUTER GAMES
www.allgame.com
www.planet.com
www.uproar.com
www.rexgames.com
www.challenge.net
HEALTH
www.healthychoice.com
www.thriveonline.com
www.shapeup.org
www.bodytrends.com
www.dietitian.com
DON'T COMMIT SUICIDE
www.rochford.org
NO DRUGS
www.drugwatch.org
AIRPORT DIRECTORY
www.airportsintl.com
STOCK X-CHANGE
www.londonstockexchange.com
www.nyse.com
SPORTS
www.espn.com
www.cnnsi.com
CHAT
www.mirc.com
http://chat.yahoo.com
RELIGION
www.jewishmag.co.il
www.shambhalasun.com
www.hindu.org
www.islam.org
www.christ.net
NATURE
www.panda.org
www.tnc.org
www.nature.org
www.nature.net

www.greenpeace.org
FREE WEB HOSTING
www.homestead.com
www.freeservers.com
www.xoom.com
www.tripod.com
www.bizservers.com
MAILING LISTS
www.tbtf.com
www.lsoft.com
www.egroups.com
www.listbot.com
www.websitepostoffice.com
www.websitejournal.com
BUY A COMPUTER
www.hp.com
www.compaq.com
www.toshiba.com
www.mitac.com
www.nec.com
www.egghead.com
SET UP A STORE
www.vstore.com
www.affinia.com
www.esaler.com
www.econgo.com
www.freemerchant.com
www.bigstep.com
FREE FAX SERVICES
www.efax.com
www.callwave.com
www.fax4free.com
TELEVISIONS
www.tvguide.com
www.discovery.com
www.mtv.com
WORLD NEWS
www.bbc.co.uk
www.cnn.com
www.expressindia.com
YELLOW PAGES
www.bigyellow.com
www.yellowpages.com
www.canadayellowpages.com
www.bigbook.com
ONLINE BANKS
www.sfnb.com
www.firstib.com
www.wellsfargo.com
www.wingspanbank.com
FREE COLLABORATION
www.hotoffice.com
www.daytracker.com
www.scheduleonline.com

www.webex.com
INTERNET
www.internet.edu
www.learnthenet.com
www.searchenginewatch.com
www.internic.net
www.w3c.org
BEST TRAVEL SITES
www.travelocity.com
www.mapquest.com
www.previewtravel.com
www.expedia.com
www.triple1.com
MONEY MATTERS
www.hrblock.com
www.moneycentral.com
www.tradecard.com
www.boler.com
www.businessweek.com
BUY MUSIC
www.audiofind.com
www.allmusic.com
www.musicmaker.com
www.mp3.com
www.saregama.com
ENJOY SEX
www.playboy.com
www.cybersex.com
www.boobs.com
www.desibaba.com
www.hotsex.com
CAR COMPANIES
www.honda.com
www.ford.com
www.mercedez-benz.com
www.toyota.com
www.maruti.com
FIND A COLLEGE
www.alumni.net
www.findcollege.com
REAL ESTATE
www.ired.com
www.propertyonline.com
AIDS
www.amfar.org
www.cab.org
DEATH CLOCK
www.deathclock.com
FREE PHONE SERVICE
www.dialpad.com
BLACKS ON LINE
www.blackfamilies.com
ADOPT A CHILD
www.adoption.com

ENCYCLOPAEDIA
www.britannica.com
LEANING TOWER OF PISA
www.torre.duomo.pisa.it
NAME YOUR BABY
www.babynamer.com
CALCULATOR ON LINE
www.calculator.com
EMBASSY DIRECTORY
www.embassy.org
DOWNLOAD SOFTWARE
www.download.com
COMEDY DIRECTORY
www.funny.co.uk
YOGA
www.timages.com/yoga.htm
CELEBRITY
www.celebrityweb.com
GAMBLING
www.casino-network.com
MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
www.craglink.com

Find a romance online


It is a sad fact that as technology advance, the material needs of the people are satisfied to a
grater extend, but they become more lonely and miserable. In a nutshell you can say that the
personal problem of people are increasing day by day. For example, two of the most industrialized
nations in the world Japan & Taiwan have got the highest number of suicide rates in the world.
There are millions of young boys in America and Western Europe who are born out of wed lock,
who don't know their fathers. There is a dearth of love in this extremely cruel world. But with the
advent of Internet another chapter in the history of romance has taken birth. It is called "online
romance",
romanc through which you can establish a love affair with any body in cyberspace. You can
express your love with each other using e-mail, chat or see each other using the video
conferencing facility.But always remember that 40%of males online are females and many so
called beautiful and young girls are either men or old women in their 40's or 50's. In Internet any
body can project himself or herself as sweet 17 people and confuse you. So, when you establish
an online romance, don't take it for granted that all said by the lover is true. A male disguised as a
female can easily love you and drive you mad later. But, there are some cases where cyber lovers
got married, recently one such marriage took place in Kochi in Kerala. But if you are interested you
can give a try. Following are some of the best online dating and online romance resources. Now
start loving.
www.online-romance.com
www.utahromance.com
www.romanceclub.com
www.singles-online.net
www.paulnpaula.com
www.romanceonline.com.br
www.kiss.com
www.rom101.com
www.hungryminds.com
www.webpersonals.com
www.theromancereader.com
www.singles.com
www.americansingles.com
www.indiansingles.com

Go shopping online
If you look around, you can find that, life has become very fast when compared to the past.
Nobody has time for anything. All are racing ahead in the rat race of life. For those who have less
time for shopping, shopping through Internet is an excellent option. You can shop with the help of
Internet by simply clicking the mouse. The money transaction is usually done through credit card.
There is lots of shopping sites in the Internet. You can purchase hairpin to aircraft through net (if
you don't believe me log on to www.gulfstream.com -recently one man from Hong Kong ordered an
aircraft for 40 million $. Some of the best shopping malls in India are
www.fabmart.com,
www.jaldi.com,
www.firstandsecond.com etc. the supermarket in the web is called "virtual mall". When you enter a
shopping site, by simply clicking the mouse on a particular item, you can simply add that item to
your shopping cart. After paying the money (mostly through credit card) the goods will arrive at
your doorstep by courier.
A word about credit card transaction
Now a days many people are afraid of purchasing goods through internet using credit card,
because they fear that somebody will use their credit card number and misuse it, to drive them
mad later. But actually that is not the case. Remember that all the data you submit regarding your
credit card goes to your shopping web site in "encrypted form". And nobody can find out your
details. In Western Europe and America, millions of people are using Internet to shop
online. A reputed shopping site will never disclose the details about your credit card, because if
they do so, no customers will buy again from them and they will be ruined totally within no time. So
unnecessary fear about credit card is baseless.
The following are some of the best shopping sites to do shopping in India and abroad. Just try
once, you will be confident in future too.
Major shopping sites in India
www.fabmart.com
www.firstandsecond.com
www.jaldi.com
www.shopinbangalore.com
www.indiaartshopping.com
www.deal-se.com
www.fashionbistro.com
www.shopinbangalore.com
www.totaram.com
www.emahatmagandhi.com
www.indiaplaza.com
www.info1001.com
www.mandani.com
www.giftshop.com.pk/india/
www.lucknowmall.com
www.indiavirtualshop.com

www.bazaarno1.com
www.indiashoppingmall.com
www.netshoppe2000.com
http://indiapoint.com
www.jaipurmart.com
www.officebazar.com
www.india-mail.com
www.valueindia.com
www.india-mail.com
Major international shopping sites
www.amazon.com
www.cdnow.com
www.etoys.com
www.buy.com
www.bn.com
www.reel.com
www.beyond.com
www.shopping.com
www.thepubliceye.com
www.ivillage.com/shopping
www.excite.fr/shopping/
www.i-stores.com
www.freeshoppingonline.com
www.schoolcash.com
www.ecomz.com
www.epicurious.com
www.latimes.pointshop.com
www.shopping.sharelook.de
www.guitarnotes.com
www.shoppingideas.com
www.majon.com
www.onlineshoppingsites.com
www.cooking.com
www.looking4sales.com
www.xtrasite.co.nz/shopping/
www.spree.com
www.asia-shop.com
www.jwolfeandco.com
www.shoppinglist.com
www.epubliceye.com
www.dealtime.com

Find your dream job through Internet


Now days, job hunting is not a very tough task when compared to the past. Before the advent of
Internet news papers and TV were the only source of employment opportunities. You had to send
the application manually and wait for long time to get the interview call. Earlier, even though you
had the talent, you were not aware of the opportunities available to you and simply because of
that, you have missed lot of excellent opportunities available to you. But, Internet has changed all
that. Now you can search for thousands of jobs all over the world with the help of Internet. You can
break all the geographical barriers and expose your talent to the fullest extend using various
sources available in the Internet.
How to find your dream job through Internet?
There are thousands of job search engines, which display a variety of jobs all over the world. You
can simply search for the jobs of your criteria and if eligible, submit your resume online. The best
part of the web is that, you can do freelance work like freelance writing and earn money by working
from home.
Sites like www.freelancwriting.com are the finest example in this category. There are web sites like
" www.elance.com" where you can submit a project online and people will hire your services by
paying you. But, the pity is that many people don't know where to search for jobs in Internet.
Here I have made an attempt to co-ordinate the best INDIAN & INTERNATIONAL JOB
RESOURCES available in the Internet. Now log on to these sites, search and find out your dream
job. I am sure that you will get what you want. Best of luck.
Best job sites in India and abroad are
TOP JOB SITES IN INDIA
www.jobsahead.com
www.mykeystone.com
www.noukri.com
www.indobase.com
www.employindia.com
www.indianbiodata.com
www.a1jobindia.com
www.lajobs.com
www.jobcentreindia.com
www.smartindia.com
www.career1000.com
www.naukari.com
www.careerindia.com
www.employindia.com
http://altaindia.com/careers/index.html
www.vedika.com/jobs/india.asp
www.india-gate.com/career/career.htm
www.careeradvisor.com
www.careersandbusiness.com
www.smartindia.com
www.edgeindia.com
www.placementindia.com

www.career1000.com
www.humanwareindia.com
www.indianmanpower.com
www.careersindia.com
www.udyog.com
www.timesjobsandcareers.com
www.therightside.com/recruitment
www.tarvindiajobs.com
www.recruitmentindia.com
www.indianindex.com/jobfinder
www.surf4jobs.com
www.rediff.com
www.headstartexpress.com
www.youngindia.com
www.indianjobs.com
www.techvilla.com
www.jobhost-india.com
www.geocities.com/akthar_1999
www.naukri2000.com
www.indiaecommerce.net
www.alltimejobs.com
www.ezeejobs.com
www.bharatcareers.com
www.humanware-india.com
www.indoaust.com/jobs.htm
www.appointmentsindia.com
www.sioindia.com/links/career/jobs.htm
www.hrdclub.com
http://in.jobstreet.com
www.webindia.com/india/jobs.htm
www.smartindia.com
www.fastrakjobs.com
http://indiaworld.jobstreet.com
SOFTWARE JOBS
www.netpilgrim.com
www.itspace.com
www.sampoorna.com
www.e-careerprofiles.com
www.inputsindia.com
www.oxfordcpl.com
www.mahindia.com
www.alto-infotech.com
http://1webcareer.hypermart.net
www.cioljobs.com
www.winjobs.com
www.it-people.com
www.y-axis.com
www.itplacement.com
www.fitjobs.com
www.3pjobs.com
www.rediff.com/computer/jobs.htm
www.it-appointments.com
www.prizedjobs.com
www.soft.net

www.sheratonconsultancy.com
www.nexusconsultants.com
www.clickitjobs.com
www.cniit.com
www.dice.com
www.cyberjobsonline.com
www.cyber-jobs.com
www.chooseindia.com/softwarejobs/index.htm
http://www.globsyn.com/careers.htm
www.mousetrapcareers.com
www.it-people.com
H-1B VISA RESOURCES
www.h1bresources.com
JOBS IN BIG COMPANIES
www.hindujagroup.com/jobs.htm
www.bpljobs.com
www.hssworld.com
www.birlaglobal.com
TEACHING JOBS ABROAD
http://joyjobs.com
www.academploy.com
www.educationjobs.com
www.teacherjobs.com
http://chronicle.merit.edu/jobs/
www.higheredjobs.com
www.k12jobs.com
www.aft.co.uk
www.greatteacher.net
CAMPUS RECRUITMENTS
www.india-web.net/nsit/recruitment.html
www.hssworld.com/peoplenet/campus@net/peoplenet_campus.htm
www.globsyn.com/technocampus/crprg.htm
www.becs.ac.in/bec/manas/impact/campus-graph.html
PART TIME JOBS
www.indianparttimejobs.com
ENGINEERING JOBS
www.nriplacement.com
http://business.vsnl.com/kbs/vacancies.html
www.indiacore.com/jobs.html
www.corecompt.com
www.resourceindia.com
BEST CAREER WEB SITES
www.careerlauncher.com
www.infomasala.com
www.careersindia.com
www.edurite.com
www.padayi.com
www.vidyalay.com
www.trainingwhere.com
www.padhayee.com
www.knowledgecareer.com
SITE FOR TALENT SEEKERS IN FILMS
www.staryakalakaar.com
PLACEMENT CONSULTANCIES

www.stshahco.com
www.exclusivesearch.com/hotjobs.htm
www.indobase.com/web/dhruv.htm
www.maxpages.com/placements
www.sunitaglobal.com
www.swiftindia.com/careers/
www.angelfire.com/va/skf7/
www.cidronpeoplebank.com
http://www8.bcity.com/kbsconsultants/
http://continentalcontractors.com/hrdindex.htm
www.continentalcontractors.com/hrdindex.htm
www.commercenetindia.com/placement/home.htm
www.angelfire.com/az/zams/
www.wehelpindia.com/jobs/
http://members.tripod.com/~placements/index.html
www.indiainfobase.com/newera/ne01.htm
http://sconsultant.hypermart.net/
www.chimeratechnologies.com/cgi-bin/pinnacle.pl
www.akp.hotresume.net
www.assureconsulting.com
www.careerage.com
http://cloudninenet.com/jobs/
www.ajplacement.com
www.pashaenterprises.com
www.haleema.com
http://members.tripod.com/~recruitments/index2.htm
www.selpages.com
www.selectedjobs.com
www.pitampurainfo.com/amanplacement/
LIST OF PLACEMENT CONSULTANTS IN INDIA & ABROAD
www.careerage.com/plcmt/index.shtml
http://apply.homepage.com/Consultant.htm
GULF JOBS
www.continentalmanpower.com
www.gulfjobs.com
http://apexrecruitment-indiaa.com/
www.jmmjobs.com
www.petrome.com
www.mlinkindia.com
www.backerassociates.com
www.melcotech.com
www.ihrcanada.com
www.indiamanpower.com
www.return2india.com
www.middleeastnews.com/indiajobseekers.html
www.jobhuntdubai.com
www.cmoverseas.com
www.ihrcanada.com/jobs/kkngjobs.htm
www.ksinternational.com
JOB LINKS
www.khoj.com/business/companies/employment/index.html
www.indiaa2z.com/htmlPages/Employment/Default.htm
http://apply.homepage.com/
http://www.dinesh.com/india/careers.shtml

MBA JOBS
www.coolavenues.com
www.mbastyle.com
http://members.tripod.com/iitd/index2.html
www.foreignmba.com/getjob.shtml
www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Quad/1109/jobs.html

TOP JOB SITES ABROAD


TOP JOB SEARCH ENGINES
www.topjobs.net
www.careerbuilder.com
www.usajobs.opm.gov
www.flipdog.com
www.jobbankusa.com
www.nationjob.com
www.hotjobs.com
www.job-hunt.org
www.jobweb.org
www.careerspan.com
www.cityjobs.com
www.careerconnector.com
www.jobnetwork.net
www.jobsearchengine.com
www.jobland.com
www.jobs.co.za
www.ajb.dni.us
www.careermosaic.com
www.careersonline.com.au
www.coolworks.com
www.espan.com
www.microsoft.com/jobs/
www.jobsearch.co.uk
www.monster.com
www.pricejam.com
www.reed.co.uk
www.dbm.com/jobguide/
www.topjobs.co.uk
www.careers.org
www.employer-employee.com
www.jobsite.co.uk
www.wideyes.com
www.careerbuilder.com
www.careerpath.com
www.headhunter.net
www.joboptions.com
www.exp.com
www.freeagent.com
www.networker.com
www.jobs-careers.com
http://unpof.net
www.hoovers.com
www.careerbuilder.com
www.usajobs.opm.gov
www.flipdog.com
www.jobbankusa.com
www.nationjob.com
www.job-hunt.org
www.jobweb.org
www.careerspan.com
www.cityjobs.com

www.jobvertise.com
JOBS IN AMERICA
www.alumni-network.com
www.ajb.dni.us
www.americanjobs.com
www.bestjobsusa.com
www.careercast.com
www.careerexchange.com
www.cweb.com
www.developers.net
www.futurescan.com
www.jobbankusa.com
www.jobfind.com
www.interbiznet.com/hunt/
www.helpwanted.com
www.monsterboard.com
www.softwaredeveloper.com
www.techjobbank.com
www.uscareers.com
www.hire.com
www.jobweb.org
www.overseasjobs.com
www.brassring.com
www.dice.com
www.jobweb.com
www.jobsmart.org
www.net-temps.com
www.jobtrack.com
www.resumeblaster.com
www.1-jobs.com
www.usahotjobs.com
www.jobbankusa.com
www.americanjobs.com
www.monster.com
www.kforce.com
www.net-temps.com
www.careercentral.com
www.fedworld.gov
www.jobweb.org
www.thelinkzone.com
www.recruitex.com
www.jobs.com
www.jobsfed.com
www.ajb.org
www.AmericanJobs.com
www.job-source.com
www.careercity.com
www.careermag.com
www.classifieds2000.com
www.nationjob.com
www.coolworks.com
www.careershop.com
www.lawjobs.com
www.careermosaic.com

www.4work.com
www.cweb.com
www.careerbuilder.com
www.eriss.com
www.espan.com
www.blackcollegian.com
www.campuscareercenter.com
www.jobtrak.com
www.careerexperience.com
www.occ.com
www.headhunter.net
www.staffhunter.com
www.rileyguide.com
www.jobweb.org
www.job-hunt.org
www.ed.gov
www.dol.gov
www.doleta.gov
www.ttrc.doleta.gov
www.skillsnet.org
www.collegeview.com
www.petersons.com
www.bls.gov
www.census.gov
www.ed.gov
www.mlinc.com
www.bea.doc.gov
www.stat-usa.gov
MEDICAL JOBS IN AMERICA
www.medsearch.com
www.collegegrad.com
www.ceweekly.wa.com
www.headhunter.net
www.careeravenue.com
www.employmed.com
BANK JOBS IN AMERICA
www.frbatlanta.org
www.frbchi.org
www.clev.frb.org
www.dallasfed.org
www.ny.frb.org
www.stls.frb.org
JOBS IN AUSTRALIA
http://employment.byron.com.au
www.monsterboard.com.au
www.jobnet.com.au
www.employment.com.au
www.bitme.com.au/semployment/
www.seek.com.au
www.zdnet.com.au/jobs/
www.zdnet.com.au/jobs/
www.jobs-engineering.com
www.jobnet.com.au
www.job-directory.com.au

JOBS IN MALAYSIA
www.jobstreet.com.my
www.jobsmalaysia.com
www.newmalaysia.com/job/
http://jobs.asiaco.com/malaysia/
www.datum-asiapacific.com
http://jobs.malaysiadirectory.com
www.jobpolitan.com.my
JOBS IN CHINA & HONG KONG
www.adsproject.com
www.atlanticresearch.com/regions/zhongguo.htm
www.china-plc.com/jobs/
www.careermosaic.com.hk
www.jobchina.net
www.chinacareer.com
www.dragonsurf.com/careerwise/
www.hkjobs.com
www.jobok.com
www.shanghaijob.com
www.recruitonline.com
www.cc-jobs.com
www.myjob.com.hk
www.dailyjob.com
JOBS IN SINGAPORE
www.jobasia.com.sg
www.careermosaic.com.sg
www.recruitasia.com
www.singseek.com/job/
www.recruit.net
www.jobpilot.com.sg
www.catcha.com.sg/jobs/jobs.shtml
www.singaporejobsite.com
www.expertise.com.sg
www.jobs.com.sg
www.9to5.com.sg
www.careerzone.com.sg
www.microsoft.com/singapore/jobs/
www.singapore-careers.com.sg
www.pceservices.com
www.asia-jobs.com
JOBS IN CANADA
www.mediacorp2.com
www.canadajobs.com
www.canada-jobs.com
www.kenevacorp.mb.ca
www.canada-ny.org/english/employ.htm
www.retailsale.com/main/jobs.htm
www.jobs.ca
www.jobfind2000.com
www.jobbus.com
www.canadajobs.com
www.canadiancareers.com
www.careerplace.com
www.canada-wide.com

www.jobsweb.com
http://jobsearchcanada.about.com
www.jobfind2000.com
www.jobbus.com
www.canadajobs.com
www.canadiancareers.com
www.careerplace.com
JOBS IN UK
www.e-job.net
www.jobsunlimited.co.uk
www.visioncr.co.uk
www.jobserve.co.uk
www.reed.co.uk
www.e-job.net
www.topjobs.co.uk
www.netjobs.co.uk
www.livein-jobs.co.uk
www.gti.co.uk
www.planetrecruit.com/liveportal/mediauk/
www.dotjobs.co.uk
www.monster.co.uk
www.jobs.ac.uk
www.1stjob.co.uk
www.jobsite.co.uk
www.cityjobs.com
www.recruitlink.co.uk
www.highstreetcentral.com/jobs.htm
www.recruitlink.co.uk
www.jobworlduk.co.uk
www.microsoft.com/uk/jobs/
www.tsr.co.uk
www.jobsunlimited.co.uk
www.anancyweb.com/emp-uk.html
www.gamejobs.co.uk
www.stirlingjobs.co.uk
www.jobserve.com
www.retailcareers.co.uk
www.cvserve.com
www.london-jobs.net
www.aboutjobs.co.uk
www.ifi.co.uk
http://jobs.asiaco.com/uk/
www.jobsdomain.co.uk
www.hts.co.uk/UKJobs/
www.thejob.com
www.jobs-by-email.co.uk
www.datumeurope.com
www.gradunet.co.uk
www.ukjobs-backpackers.co.nz
www.purcon.co.uk
www.jobs.tes.co.uk
www.coolwebjobs.co.uk
www.jobsin.co.uk
www.employmentservice.gov.uk

www.search-beat.com/ukjobs.htm
www.shorterm.co.uk
www.jobs-at.co.uk
ENVIRONMENTAL JOBS IN UK
www.ends.co.uk
HOTEL JOBS IN UK
www.hotel-jobs.co.uk
CHEMICAL JOBS IN UK
www.chemjobs.net
JOBS IN GULF
www.continentalmanpower.com
www.gulfjobs.com
http://apexrecruitment-indiaa.com
www.jmmjobs.com
www.petrome.com
www.mlinkindia.com
www.backerassociates.com
www.melcotech.com
www.ihrcanada.com
www.indiamanpower.com
www.return2india.com
www.middleeastnews.com/indiajobseekers.html
www.jobhuntdubai.com
www.cmoverseas.com
www.ihrcanada.com/jobs/kkngjobs.htm
www.ksinternational.com
FREELANCE JOBS
http://localweb.com/proaccess/FreeLancer/
www.freelancers.com/company_history.html
www.worldcalendar.com/jobs.htm
www.ework.com
www.freelancewriting.com
HR JOBS
www.sap-hr-jobs.com
www.jobs4hr.com
www.pro-alt.com/se/hr_job.htm
www.hrmjobs.com/links.html
www.clevshrm.org/hrjobs.htm
www.hrjobs.com
www.dist.maricopa.edu/jobs/
www.hr-jobs.net
www.edjob.com
EDUCATIONAL & TEACHING JOBS
http://faculty.web.waseda.ac.jp/vicky/jobs.html
http://scout18.cs.wisc.edu/NH/96-10/96-10-23/0033.html
http://home.istar.ca/~cye/jobs.html
www.metnet.state.mt.us/TeacherPlace.html
www.aft.co.uk
www.njschooljobs.com/index.html
http://commlink.atlantic.county.lib.nj.us/educjob1.htm
http://services.dese.state.mo.us/humanres/jobvacdir.html
www.ejsinc.com/highfram.htm
http://216.20.15.81/mass/massjobs/jobsearch.cfm
http://pe.central.vt.edu/jobcenter/edjobsites.html

www.tealit.com
www.privateschooljobs.com
www.teachers-teachers.com
www.dphelps.pe.kr
www.academploy.com
www.works.state.mo.us
www.mav.net/phil/tchrjobs.shtml
www.ncbe.gwu.edu/links/jobs.htm
www.shu.ac.uk/schools/ed/tesol/tejob.html
MANAGEMENT JOBS
www.materialsmanagementjob.com/
www.practicemanagementjobs.com/
www.pmi.org/jobs/postings.htm
www.dwtechnologies.com/jobs/JL-mgt.htm
MEDICAL JOBS
www.medicaleducationjobs.com
www.medicaldevicejobs.com
www.medicalsecretaryjobs.com
www.medicaldirectorjobs.com
www.medicalbillerjobs.com
www.medicalassistantjobs.com
www.medical-job.net
www.medicalrecordsjobs.com
www.nuclearmedicinejobs.com
www.oncologistjobs.com
www.healthmanagementjobs.com
http://nurseoptions.com/top/nl003.html
www.bchealthjobs.com
www.job-source.com
COMPUTER JOB SITES
www.computerjobs.com
www.cweb.com
www.apple.com/jobs/
www.webadvertisingjobs.com
www.webdesignerjobs.com
www.graphicdesignerjobs.com
www.internetsalesjobs.com
www.mediaplannerjobs.com
www.multimediaemployment.com
www.webmarketingjobs.com
www.webmasteremployment.com
www.webproducerjobs.com
www.ecommerceemployment.com
www.databaseprogrammerjobs.com
www.internetdeveloperjobs.com
www.softwaredeveloperjobs.com
www.programmeranalystjobs.com
www.technicalwriterjobs.com
www.webdeveloperemployment.com
www.webprogrammerjobs.com
www.it123.com
www.webjobsusa.com
www.colorado-computerjobs.com
www.jobauthority.com

www.computerwork.com
www.corporateskills.com/Jobs.htm
www.jobs4it.com
www.programmer-jobs.com
www.software-jobs.net
www.computerjobspage.com
www.computerjobsportal.com
www.computer-jobs-online.com
www.computerjobfair.com
www.staffsolutions.com
www.dalmanjobs.com
http://computerjob.scan-careerpath.com/search/
http://miami.computerwork.com/
www.lazytrader.com/feb14alf.htm
www.n-s-i.com/computerjobs.html
www.careermagazine.net/computer_jobs.html
www.etcrecruiting.com/computer_jobs.htm
www.computer-jobs-online.com/
www.occ-computing.co.uk/vpspace.htm
www.sandiego-hightech.com
www.contract-jobs.com
www.isjobbank.com
www.prgjobs.com
www.careerindex.com
www.softwarejobs.com
www.careermarthi-tech.com
www.developers1.net
www.sandiego-online.com/forums/careers/
www.computerwork.com
www.surfn.com/bayjobs.html
www.softmoonlighter.com
www.cweb.com
www.apple.com/jobs/
www.webadvertisingjobs.com
www.webdesignerjobs.com
www.graphicdesignerjobs.com
www.internetsalesjobs.com
www.mediaplannerjobs.com
www.multimediaemployment.com
www.webmarketingjobs.com
www.webmasteremployment.com
www.webproducerjobs.com
www.ecommerceemployment.com
www.databaseprogrammerjobs.com
www.internetdeveloperjobs.com
www.softwaredeveloperjobs.com
www.programmeranalystjobs.com
www.technicalwriterjobs.com
www.webdeveloperemployment.com
www.webprogrammerjobs.com
www.it123.com
www.webjobsusa.com
www.colorado-computerjobs.com
www.jobauthority.com

www.computerwork.com
www.corporateskills.com/Jobs.htm
www.jobs4it.com
www.programmer-jobs.com
www.software-jobs.net
www.computerjobspage.com
www.computerjobsportal.com
www.computer-jobs-online.com
www.computerjobfair.com
www.staffsolutions.com
www.dalmanjobs.com
ENGINEERING JOBS
www.nationjob.com/engineering
www.engineerjobs.com
www.phds.org
www.engineering-jobs.net
www.nerinc.com
www.oingo.com/topic/8/8506.html
www.engcen.com/turbo/entry.htm
www.craigslist.org/eng/
www.ajob4engineers.com
www.engcen.com
www.engineering-jobs-here.com
www.pnet.co.za/engineering/
www.1engineeringjobs.com
http://valleyjobs.com/eng.html
www.carnegieresources.com/engineerjobs.htm
www.engineeringjobs.com
www.slicknet.com/jobsearch.htm
MAJOR JOB LINKS
www.csustan.edu/Counseling/joblinks.html
www.nationjob.com/education
www.nau.edu/~career/jobs.html#TEACHING JOBS
www.webster.edu/homecampus/homes/inter.htm
http://web.utk.edu/~career/hotlinks/htlinks.htm
www.larrysworld.com/jobs.htm

JOBS IN OTHER CATEGORIES


JOBS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
www.jobdirect.com
JOBS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
www.jobdirect.com
CAREER MAGAZINE
www.careermag.com
AVIATION JOBS
www.aviationjobsonline.com
www.nationjob.com/aviation
NURSING JOBS
www.nursesjobdirectory.com
COMPUTER JOBS IN ISRAEL
http://www.jr.co.il/cji/
JOBS IN JAPAN
www.ohayosensei.com
JOBS IN SPACE
www.highview.co.uk
JOBS IN IRELAND
www.exp.ie
JOBS FOR SOCIOLOGISTS
www.asanet.org/employlk.htm
JOBS FOR GAYS
www.gaywork.com
SALES JOBS
www.executive-recruiters.com
LIBRARY JOBS
www.lisjobs.com
SELL YOURSELF
www.collab.net
www.ServiceByNet.com
www.elance.com
www.guru.com
www.niku.com
www.hellobrain.com
HIRE A RECRUITING FIRM
www.topechelon.com
www.aapex1.com
www.isearch.com

Resources for career development and


online entrance preparation
Now days, the basic problem that any youth faces after school or graduation is the dilemma about
the career. Now what? That is the question, which will come to their mind at that time. The decision
you take after completing your twelfth standard and college is very critical. If you land in the correct
path, you will be successful in life, else you may face problems in your career. You may be very
good in singing, composing music, dance etc. But your misguided parents want you to become a
doctor, engineer or IAS officer. This is totally wrong. If the youth don't get proper career guidance
at crucial stages of their life, their talent will simply go down to the drains. Because of this reason
only, millions of talented people land-up in professions, which they don't like. So, my personal
suggestion is that all youth should undergo thorough career counseling before taking-up any
profession. But always remember, if you can get into some profession, which really interests you,
then it will be the best.
The Internet can help you in a great way. There are lots of web sites dedicated to career
counseling and online entrance preparation. Following is the list of such web sites through which
you may get some advice for your career. Browse through them, I am sure that you will be more
confident to face the challenges of tomorrow.
WEB SITES ON CAREER DEVELOPMENT & ENTRANCE PREPARATION
www.brilliant-tutorials.com
www.careerlauncher.com
http://deepam.hypermart.net
www.careerpointgroup.com
www.bansaliitjee.com
www.toprankers.com
http://symbiosisguidance.com
www.tandem-group.com
www.vignan.com
www.srisankara.com
www.jeewithiitians.com
www.iosisguidance.com
www.ourtvm.com
http://coaching.cjb.net
www.compassbox.com
www.egurucool.com
www.entrancemaster.com
www.scholarsacademy.com
www.zephyreducation.com
www.sachdevacollege.com
www.tabla.org
www.mumbaiclasses.com
www.delhiclasses.com
www.indiacoach.com
www.lotusarts.com
www.anugraham.com
www.vidyainfo.com
http://educationcare.com

www.edurite.com
www.iitsonline.com
www.brainvisa.com
www.mocktest.com
www.primetutor.com
www.entranceguru.com
www.entranceonline.com
www.eamcet.com
www.iitjee.freeservers.com
www.hotexams.com
www.iitjeeguide.com
DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL COLLEGES
www.indiaedu.com/medical
DIRECTORY OF ENGINEERING COLLEGES
www.indiaedu.com/engineering
DISTANCE EDUCATION
www.ignou.com

RESOURCES FOR GRE, TOEFL & OVERSEAS EDUCATION


IN THE INTERNET
In the Internet, there are lots of resources for GRE, TOEFL & overseas preparation, but many
people don know where they are located. Here I have made an attempt to co -ordinate the best
resources available on net. Just browse through these sites, definitely your purpose will be served.
From some of these sites, you download free materials for GRE & TOEFL preparation and study
them. You can also give online sample tests too. The following are resources also give details
about the resources for overseas education too. Just visit some of these site, I am sure that you
will make it.
BEST OF LUCK.
FIND A COLLEGE
www.collegeview.com
www.findcollege.com
www.alumni.net
INFORMATION ON GRE
www.gre.org
www.testtutor.com/gre
www.west.net/~stewart/logic.htm
www.cuttsreviews.com/jcutt
www.top-score.com
www.editenglish.com
WEB SITES ON TOEFL PREPARATION
www.toefl.org
www.testwise.com
www.testtutor.com/toefl
www.testden.com
www.studint.net/toefl
WEBSITES ON GMAT
www.gmat.org/gmat_learn.html
www.west.net/~stewart/rc.htm
www.testtutor.com/gmat
www.petersons.com/testprep/gmat.html
www.scholarstuff.com/netguide/test/gmat.htm
www.test-preps.com/gmat/software.html
www.gmattutor.com
www.800score.com/gmat-home.html
EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS
www.fsu.edu/~efpsweb/
www.usask.ca/education/edfdt/
www.uno.edu/~acse/catalog/courses/edfr.html
www.educ.kent.edu/CoE/EFSS/Handbook/EFSSBOOK.HTM
www.millersv.edu/~edfound/
www.education.uc.edu/programs/ed-found/
www.southernct.edu/catalogue/grad/EDF.htm
www.soe.purdue.edu/edst/edfa/edfamain.html
DISTANCE EDUCATION
www.uwex.edu/disted/home.html
www.cisnet.com/~cattales/Deducation.html
www.uidaho.edu/evo/distglan.html
www.adec.edu

www.distance-educator.com
www.utahsbr.edu/tech/intro.htm
www.detc.org
www.smartplanet.com
GENERAL SITES ON INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
www.aei-india.org/aaeri.htm
www.unimelb.edu.au/international/OverseasReps.html
www.iecnet.com/english.html
www.webpage.com/hindu/adverts/campus.htm
www.iteachnet.com/employment/
www.cam.ac.uk/CambUniv/Overseas/
www.escapeartist.com/expatriate/education.htm
www.9to5.com.sg/education/ovrseaedu.asp
www.oecth.com
SCHOLARSHIPS
www.scholarship.com
www.worldwidescholarships.com
www.terry.uga.edu/insurance/insschol.html
www.studentpilot.net/articles/financial_aid.html
www.onassis.gr/amer/scholar.html
www.aef.org
www.salemohio.com/alumni/99scholar.html
www.baldwinw.edu/admission/scholarships.html
STUDY IN EUROPE
www.ciee.org/study/europe
www.sussex.ac.uk/International/europe
www.rochester.edu/College/study-abroad/europe.html
www.istc.umn.edu
STUDY IN USA
www.foreignerinamerica.com/study_in_USA.html
www.study-in-usa-universities.com/study_in_usa.html
www.usa.or.th/services/study.htm
http://ait.org.tw/study.html
http://usinfo.org/study_e.htm
www.ben2.ucla.edu/~shenyang/Contents.htm
www.algonet.se/~cis/usa.html
www.woonkyung.or.kr/infomd/study_in_usa.html
STUDY IN AUSTRALIA
www.international.rmit.edu.au/is/become.HTM
www.gsm.com.au/study/
www.study-australia.com
www.studylink.com.au
STUDY IN CANADA
www.studyincanada.com/english/index.htm
www.fenghua.org/study.htm
http://gateway1.gmcc.ab.ca/users/urdc/study.htm
www.studyincanada.net
www.studyin-canada.com
www.vancouver-english-club.com/study-canada/
www.canadianembassy.org/studyincanada/index.html
STUDY IN UK
www.studyinuk.com
www.educationuk.com
http://chiron.latrobe.edu.au/www/artmedia/media/sis.html

www.britishcouncil.fi/education/undergra.htm
STUDY IN NEW ZEALAND
www.immigration.govt.nz/study/home.html
http://pl.net/dlyon/advantage.html
www.ljudmila.org/srce/is/is_nz.html
www.nzeil.co.nz/index.htm
www.nzeducation.co.nz/ed/study.html
EDUCATION NEWS
www.ed.gov
www.education-channels.com

How to publish your work through Internet?


Internet is a medium through which anybody who has got writing talent can publish his or her work.
But the pity is that many people don't know where to publish and how? Here I am going to give you
the addresses and names of the precise web sites through which you can publish your work and
earn lot of money and satisfaction. Before that, let me tell you few words on e -books, e -zines, self
publishing & on demand publishing
On demand publishing
Here the publisher will keep a soft copy or electronic version of the manuscript submitted by the
author in a particular template. Then a few copies of the book will be printed and distributed to the
book distributors in the market. Afterwards, according to the demand from the distributors, more
and more books will be printed. Here the advantage is that, the publisher will not incur losses. If he
feels that there is not much demand for the book in the market, its printing and distribution will be
simply discontinued. The electronic version of the book is distributed through E-books and CDROMs. Usually the author receives 20% to 30% royalties on all the hard copy sales and 50%
royalty on all the sales generated through soft copies. The majors on demand publishing
companies in the Internet are
www.iuniverse.com
www.buybooksontheweb.com
www.xlibris.com
www.mightywords.com
www.fatbrain.com
E-Books
It is the short form of electronic books. Here the contents of the book are stored in device in the
electronic form or "soft form". The storage device has a LCD (Liquid crystal display) screen from
which the reader can read the contents of the book. The advantage of e -books is that, one can
store many books at a time in the device and read them whenever needed. The device is compact
and the contents are interactive, that means you can even see movie clippings, hear music, which
are the contents of the book. Moreover it is cheap when compared to the hard copy of the book
and saves the use of precious paper, thus avoid the cutting of trees. E books have brought a
revolution in the publishing industry and it is very predominant in USA & Western Europe. You can
also download e-books from many web sites, after paying through credit cards. Recently, Stephen
King, the famous author who write thrillers put his work on Internet and earned millions of dollars
by selling it on the net. If you want to know more about e books, just visit some of the companies
like " www.glassbook.com"
or " www.ebooks.com"
Self publishing
Earlier it was very difficult for a new author to publish his or her work. Normally many big
publishers never accept manuscripts from new authors even though they are worth publishing.

Either you should have a reputed literary agent to help you or lot of money with you for publishing
your book. Almost all the new authors will get lot of rejection letters from major publishes initially.
But times have changed with the advent of Internet. Now a stage has been reached, where
anybody can publish a book at cheap rates through Internet. In self-publishing, the author has to
spend some money to publish and market his book through Internet. There are lots of reputed
agencies that will assist you to edit, print, publish and market your work at nominal fees. " Minerva
press ( www.minerva -press.
press co.u k) is the finest example of this sort. In self-publishing, you can
simply write your book, put it on net and allow people to download it for a flat fee. The money is
usually accepted through credit card and you can earn even while you are sleeping.
E-zines
The Internet has suddenly opened millions of writing opportunities to talented writers all over the
world and e-zines comprises the largest market for the freelance writes. E-zine is the short form of
electronic magazines. There are thousands of e-zines on various topics all over the world. Just see
some of them at www.ezines.com
Major publishing resources in Internet
The following are the precise web sites through which you can become a published author. Just
open your computer or go to the nearby cyber cafe and open the following web sites. You will
immediately get more details on the spot. But, before that, I suggest you to open
"www.iuniverse.com"
"www.iuniverse.co at first and see the full details.
TOP WEB SITES TO PUBLISH YOUR WORK
www.mightywords.com
www.iuniverse.com
www.xlibris.com
www.upublish.com
www.buybooksontheweb.com
www.lighingsource.com
www.trafford.com
www.celebratelove.com/traterffordpub.htm
www.aalbc.com/placesto.htm
www.athomepublishing.com
www.minerva-press.co.uk
www.bhrpress.com/publish.htm
www.adventurezine.com/Editorials/PublishYourWork.html
www.1stbooks.com/probooks.htm
http://208.133.53.78/ent/publish.htm
http://24.128.32.82/coolpub/publish.htm
www.darkroom-on-line.com/html/submit.htm
http://boston.indymedia.org/publish.php3
www.sweet-petudie.com/publish.htm
www.write101.com/epublish.htm
www.happilypublished.com
www.getpub.com
PUBLISH POEMS
www.reports-unlimited.com/publish.htm
www.pw.org

www.surfnetkids.com/pubpoem.htm
www.poets.org
ARTICLES ON HOW TO PUBLISH YOUR BOOK
http://myks.sitesell.com
www.jmcforum.com
PUBLISH A MEDICAL WORK
www.medicalmantra.com
WRITE FOR CHILDREN
www.write4kids.com
www.kidnews.com
http://mgfx.com/kidlit/
www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~david/derya/ywc.html
www.stonesoup.com
www.justwrite.org
www.co-nect.net/Schools/Webzine/Sep99/Elementary/
www.childrensmagazine.com
WRITER'S RESOURCES
www.rosedog.com
www.garbl.com
www.writers.net
www.writers.com
www.writersdigest.com
www.quintcareers.com/writing
www.writers-exchange.com
www.inkspot.com
www.wga.org
www.ants.com
www.writerswrite.com
E-ZINE PUBLISHING
www.e-zinez.com
PUBLISH PHOTOGRAPHS
http://mediadive.com/mediadive/pubyourwor.html
ARTICLE ABOUT COPYRIGHT
www.cla.co.uk/www/owncopy.htm
WEB SITES ON SELF PUBLISHING
www.wordassociation.com
www.self-publishing.com
www.rradream.com/sys-tmpl/faqaboutus/
www.ability.org.uk/self_publishing.html
www.phoenixpublishinggroup.com/self-publishing/index.htm
http://publishing.miningco.com/arts/publishing/msubselfpub.htm
http://independentbookarts.com/Authors.htm
www.hotyellow98.com/realitypress/publish.html
www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568600593/chance22online
http://aalbc.com/publishers.htm
WEB SITES ON E-BOOKS
www.ebookconnections.com
www.ozemedia.com/ebooks.htm
FREELANCE WRITING
www.freelancewriting.com
www.masterfreelancer.com
www.freelanceworkexchange.com

WHY PUBLISH E-BOOKS?


The real question should be, why aren't you? There are over 130 million Internet users in North
America alone, and approx. 70,000 new users come online every day. The Internet is quickly
becoming the 8th wonder of the world and a mega commerce platform. This is the easiest method
to earn money and bring satisfaction to your soul, if you are a writer.
GETTING PUBLISHED-FEW HARD FACTS
Many first time authors attempt to get published by sending off their manuscripts to big publishing
houses for review and hopefully a contract to publish their book. Meanwhile, they sit around
waiting months for the dreaded rejection notice, and sometimes no notice shows up at all.
They are under the impression that getting published by a big gun publisher carries with it a certain
amount of prestige. The truth is, nobody cares who publishes your book.
Most first timers believe that the publisher will promote their book. The truth is, the publisher puts
up the money to manufacture the book and has rep's get the book into the stores, but that's it.
You'll be responsible for promoting your book at your own expense if you can't negotiate a
favorable promotion budget in the contract.
As a first time author, you may not be able to negotiate much of a promotion budget into your first
contract. So, you'll have to be ready with the money for this yourself and your publisher may want
to know how much you have budgeted and a copy of your marketing plan.
Another problem with traditional publishing is the time factor. It can take as long as 3 years to get
your book published. Most publishers operate within an 18- month production cycle. This means
your publish date won't even begin until after a publisher accepts it. Whatever time you have
invested shipping your manuscript around will be that much longer before your book gets to press.
Once you agree to turn your book over to a publisher, you will lose most or even all control of your
book. Most publishing contracts, especially with new authors, give the publisher a free hand in any
changes to your book they see fit. Traditional publishers have 3 selling seasons. This means your
book will be on the shelves for 4 months, after that, they pull it off the shelves to be replaced by
other books for that season.
Your left over books will have to be "remaindered" meaning they will be sent to warehouse and
generally sold in bulk at a fraction of the original manufactured price.
Some new authors opt to hire literary agents to go to bat for them thinking that with an agent their
bound to get published. This has some truth to it but here to there are problems. You really have to
shop around for a good one and even then, depending on the material, agents will reject well over
90% of submitted book manuscripts, plus if they do accept it they take a healthy percentage of
sales for their efforts. This is generally a 15% commission.
Getting published can really become a daunting task to first time authors, even with the ferocious
tenacity of a wolverine it won't happen overnight. On top of all this, as a first time author you really
have no bargaining muscle.

Even though self-publishing is a good choice, you'll still need to gather the information needed to
do it yourself, and approx. $13,000 to $15,000 minimum needed to get started? $13,000 to
$15,000 will probably cover printing, promotion, and some other expenses for about 4000 copies of
a 100 to 250 page book. But, it's still $13,000 and not readily available to most struggling authors.
Some first time authors will opt for the vanity publisher. The vanity publisher will be more than
happy to look at your manuscript and even give you glowing reviews, but this I'm afraid is false
praise. The only thing the vanity publisher wants to do for you is manufacture your book.
An author using a vanity press will pay a lot more than printing costs and will only receive around
40 percent of the retail price of the book. This service will cost you around $12,000 to $30,000 or
more, depending on the book. This doesn't include things like editing, promotion, or distribution.
Copies sent to columnists for book reviews are generally trashed as soon as they see a subsidy
publisher name on your book, and here's why. Review columnists are well aware of the problems
associated with vanity presses. They know there was little attention paid to editing and that little if
any promotional effort will take place. So the book will probably not be available in bookstores.
Of all the choices before you, the best so far would be to self publish your book. The only problem
would be gathering the know how and of course the $15,000 to get started. So what if you don't
have $15,000? What's next?
How in the world are you going to get published?
Just a few short years ago the idea of distributing books in a digital format seemed a ridiculous
notion to many. "It will never fly!", "Nonsense!", they bellowed. The large publishers in their shining
glass towers ruled. They scoffed at the very idea of such a scenario. They sat upon their thrones
like they always have, decade after decade deciding on what you and I will read next. They
would hurl the hard work of many would be authors to the circular file like flicking a piece of lint
from a $900 dollar suit. The dream of being published once again dashed upon the jagged rocks of
this "Impenetrable Conglomerated Fortress". OK, I got a little carried away. We will never know
how many great books have been dispatched to the dumpster, but one thing is for sure, a lot less
will be from now on.
Enter E-Book Publishing
The world is changing at a very rapid clip. So rapid in fact, that it's really not possible to predict
anything at this point. We can speculate all we want, but the bottom line is, ever since the Internet
explosion a few years ago the pace has been just a blur. To suggest any kind of logical destination
for the Net, at this point, would be a wild guess at best.
However, people will always have wants and needs. As the population continues to warm up to the
Internet, it will become second nature for them to actively seek out the things they want and
purchase them over the Internet. At no time in our recent history have book authors been in a
better position to compete heads up with the Big Boys.

The number 1 & 2 selling items on the Net in the United States are "Software and Books", in that
order. So if you are going to write books and sell them on the Internet, you'll have a very large and
responsive market. The only difference will be that your books will be in a digital format.
But, before you do anything else you should determine whether or not you want to make a living as
a book author. This is extremely important for a couple of reasons.
Some authors just like to write, while others want to write books for a living. Deciding which one
you are is very important because it may determine what kinds of books you begin to write.
What are the advantages of publishing e books?
SAVES RESOURCES
With e Book publishing, the use of our resources such as Tree's, diesel fuel, electricity, etc. is
greatly diminished.
LOWER COSTS
With no printing, storing, or shipping costs, publishers can sell the same quality at reduced prices
to consumers, while at the same time earning more profits. It's a classic win -win situation.
SPEEDY DELIVERY
Just download your book, and start reading. FedEx is a giant snail compared to this. In the time it
takes you to start your car to go get a book, you could be reading it with no "Shipping and
Handling" charges.
PORTABILITY
With the new electronic reading devices hitting the market, you can carry 20 or 30 maybe more,
large books in a single device. A great way to travel. Manufacturers of reading devices are making
them waterproof so you can read your books in the tub, no more wet pages.

A brief introduction to cyber laws, cyber crimes & hacking


The biggest problem with the Internet is that, nobody is in charge of it and so, nobody can control
it. Now days, using computer people create hell of a trouble all over the world. How they do it?
Read on
A word about cyber laws
Although no government, individual or organization can control Internet, the governments of
different countries have formulated "cyber laws" which are the laws, rules and etiquette to be
followed, while using internet in that particular country. All the citizens of that country are bound to
obey these laws, else they will be penalized under law. Recently, some "hackers" spent months in
jail for breaking into some network and manipulating the data. If anybody misuses Internet or hurt
another person directly or indirectly, then that person is tried in court in accordance with the cyber
laws in that country. If you want to know more about cyber laws and cyber crimes, visit the
following American government's web site.
www.cybercrime.gov
The major cyber crimes are as follows
Hacking
Cyber squatting
Sending junk mails (spamming)
Spreading unlawful, harmful and misleading information
Intrusion onto privacy
Hacking:
It is an act by which, an unauthorized person accesses your network system by breaking your
password, using various software tools. Recently, a boy from Sweden devised a method by which
anybody can access any e-mail address in the web site www.hotmail.com without entering the
password. Soon the web site was shut down and the company lost millions of dollars within few
hours. A person who commits the act of hacking is called " hacker".
hacker Once the hacker enters into
your network, he can do anything ranging from manipulation to deletion of the data. Banks and
stores doing online stores are most vulnerable to hacking. If such establishments are hacked, they
not only loose revenue, but also the customers.
If you want to know more about hackers and hacking resources, read through the resources given
below. Hackers are also called cyber terrorists and the rendezvous conducted by them are called
underground conventions.
convention
Cyber squatting:
It is an act by which a third person registers the domain name of a famous person or reputed
company (registered company) before being registered by the owners them selves. It is against the
rules. Nobody can register the domain names like that. Whoever does it can be penalized under
law. Recently somebody registered the domain name www.juliaroberts.com and the Hollywood
actress "Julia Roberts counted stars. A few days before somebody from Mumbai registered the
domain name " www.pramodmahajan.com" and the real Pramod Mahajan, the IT minister of India
counted stars. But mind it, if you do it, you become a cyber criminal on the spot.

Sending junk mails (spamming):


Junk mails are unsolicited mails, which come to your e -mail account. If they come in large
numbers, they will choke your e -mail account. Recently I had to leave an e-mail account registered
with "yahoo" because it got filled with junk mails from all over the world. You can install junk mail
filter software to filter all the unsolicited e -mails entering your e -mail account. Suppose anybody is
caught for deliberately sending junk mails, he can be prosecuted under law.
Spreading anti-national & harmful information through net
This is also banned by law. Now days, you can see almost all the terrorist organizations all over
the world have got their own web sites through which they spread the message of devil in this
peaceful world. You can also see thousands of hate clubs, insane and sex clubs, which spoils the
upcoming youth. The hate clubs on racism are the most prevalent in the net. Those who promote
such activities can be penalized under "cyber laws".
Intrusion into privacy
Using Internet, a third person can easily harass you, if your details are available online. The finest
example to this is the cheating through credit card or credit card fraud.
frau Suppose anybody knows
your credit card number and the PIN number, the result is that, somebody will buy goods and the
bill will come to you to make you count stars. So be very careful while you disclose your details
online. Just remember that many people are watching you without your knowledge. Recently in
America a man murdered a girl, after collecting her details from the Internet.
The following are some of the best hacking resources in the Internet. But don't try to hack any site
using these resources.
KEVIN MITNICK- THE KING OF HACKERS
www.kevinmitnick.com
HOW TO BECOME A HACKER?
www.tuxedo.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html
THE HACKER FAQ
www.plethora.net/~seebs/faqs/hacker.html
HACKERS HALL OF FAME
www.discovery.com/area/technology/hackers/hackers.html
HACKING QUARTERLY
www.2600.com
HACKERS NEWS GROUPS
www.cpsr.org/cpsr/privacy/crime/denning.hackers.html
ANTI HACKERS (THE ENEMY OF HACKERS)
www.hackers.com.br
www.antionline.com
HACK WITHOUT BREAKING LAW
www.happyhacker.org
HACKERS DEFENSE FOUNDATION
www.hackerz.org
UNDERGROUND CONVENTION
www.defcon.org
HACKING RESOURCES
www.passthrough.com/privacy/hacking.html
www.proac.com/crack/hack/hack.html
www.elcono.co.uk

www.inetsonic.com/lozzab/stuff.htm
www.cgocable.net/~moores/hackz.htm
www.i82hq.com/links/Hacking_Resources
www.he.net/~jachim/hacking.htm
www.hack.org
http://hscool.netclub.ru/
www.hackers.co.za
www.hip97.nl
www.annexgrp.org/hr/
www.hf.ah.cn/computer/unixbook/index1.htm
www.avk.org/alain/hacking.html
www.crossbar.demon.co.uk
www.angelfire.com/or/warz/index2.html
www.translogik.com/sites/hyperdome/computer.htm
http://www2.netdoor.com/~gold/link.html
www.netice.com/Advice/Underground/Hacking/
www.hackcanada.com
www.underground-book.com
http://vcorp.hypermart.net/html/links.html
HACKERS DIRECTORY
www.infowar.com/hacker/hacker.shtml
LIST OF HACKED SITES
www.ultrapassword.com
WONDERFUL HACKERS
www.angelfire.com/ab2/aolsucks/hackers.html
http://blackbrain.freeservers.com
www.cyber-warriors.co.uk
www.angelfire.com/in/hackersachin/
http://members.xoom.com/hackerindia/index.htm
www.uha1.com
www.casema.net/~nr9/
www.expage.com/page/gleeson
http://hackersheaven.freehosting.net/
HIGHER LEARNING CENTER
www.xs4all.nl/~l0rd/
EXPOSED HACKERS
http://hackingexposed.com/links.html
HACKING NEWS
www.hackernews.com
GENERAL SITES ON HACKERS
www.hackers.com
www.anticode.com
www.hackershomepage.com
www.infosyssec.org/infosyssec/index.htm
www.tt.rim.or.jp/~tatsushi
http://w1.340.telia.com/~u34002171/hhd.html
www.netindex.pt/links//HACKERS/index.html
www.athens.net/~borremans/hackers.htm
http://project.cyberpunk.ru:8101/idb/hackers.html
www.juwelier-hacker.de
www.cyberpunkproject.org
WORLD WIDE HACKING RESOURCES
www.hooked.net/users/jester/hacker.html
www.kirche-muelheim.de/homepages/rpr/on_hackers.htm

www.geocities.com/Area51/Crater/1856/index.html
HACKERS CLUB
www.home.sk/web/hackersclub
www.ash.ch/hacker/hacker.htm
www.hackersclub.net
http://hackerclub.iscool.net
www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/4605/chc.html
HACKERS ONLINE
www.grinse.de/gts/index2.html
http://members.tripod.com/embarrass/Hackers.html
THE HACKERS TOOL BOX
http://pages.infinit.net/rave/htb.html
http://flni.org/flni/tools.htm
www.uncut.de/seiten/passwort.html

CYBER LAWS IN INDIA


Cyberlaw is a much newer phenomenon having emerged much after the onset of Internet. Internet
grew in a completely unplanned and unregulated manner. Even the inventors of Internet could not
have really anticipated the scope and far reaching consequences of cyberspace. The growth rate
of cyberspace has been enormous. Internet is growing rapidly and with the population of Internet
doubling roughly every 100 days, Cyberspace is becoming the new preferred environment of the
world. With the spontaneous and almost phenomenal growth of cyberspace, new and ticklish
issues relating to various legal aspects of cyberspace began cropping up. In response to the
absolutely complex and newly emerging legal issues relating to cyberspace, CYBERLAW or the
law of Internet came into being. The growth of Cyberspace has resulted in the development of a
new and highly specialized branch of law called CYBERLAWS - LAWS OF THE INTERNET AND
THE WORLD WIDE WEB. There is no one exhaustive definition of the term "Cyberlaw". However,
simply put, Cyberlaw is a term, which refers to all the legal and regulatory aspects of Internet and
the World Wide Web. Anything concerned with or related to, or emanating from, any legal aspects
or issues concerning any activity of netizens and others, in Cyberspace comes within the ambit of
Cyberlaw

CYBERLAW
Q.1. What is the introductory background for Cyberlaws ?
Since the beginning of civilization, man has always been motivated by the need
to make progress and better the existing technologies. This has led to
tremendous development and progress which has been a launching pad for
further development. Of all the significant advances made by mankind from the
beginning till date, probably the important of them is the development of
Internet. To put in a common mans language, Internet is a global network of
computers, all of them speaking the same language. In 1969, America's
Department of Defense commissioned the construction of a Super network called
ARPANET. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET),
basically intended as a military network of 40 computers connected by a web of
links & lines. This network slowly grew and the Internet was born. By 1981, over
200 computers were connected from all around the world. Now the figure runs
into millions.
The real power of today's Internet is that it is available to anyone with a
computer and a telephone line. Internet places at an individual's hands the
immense and invaluable power of information and communication.
Internet usage has significantly increased over the past few years. The number
of data packets which flowed through the Internet have increased dramatically.
According to International Data Corporation ("IDC"), approximately 163 million
individuals or entities will use the Internet by the end of this year as opposed to
16.1 million in 1995. If left to its own measure, it is highly unlikely that such a
trend can reverse itself. Given this present state of the Internet, the necessity of
Cyberlaws becomes all the more important.
Q.2. Why is there a need for Cyberlaw?
When Internet was developed, the founding fathers of Internet hardly had any
inclination that Internet could transform itself into an all-pervading revolution
which could be misused for criminal activities and which required regulation.
Today, there are many disturbing things happening in cyberspace. Due to the
anonymous nature of the Internet, it is possible to engage into a variety of
criminal activities with impunity and people with intelligence, have been grossly
misusing this aspect of the Internet to perpetuate criminal activities in
cyberspace. Hence the need for Cyberlaws.
Q.3. What is Cyberlaw ?
Internet is believed to be full of anarchy and a system of law and regulation
therein seems contradictory. However, cyberspace is being governed by a
system of law and regulation called Cyberlaw. There is no one exhaustive
definition of the term "Cyberlaw". Simply speaking, Cyberlaw is a generic term
which refers to all the legal and regulatory aspects of Internet and the World
Wide Web. Anything concerned with or related to or emanating from any legal
aspects or issues concerning any activity of netizens and others, in Cyberspace
comes within the ambit of Cyberlaw. The growth of Electronic Commerce has
propelled the need for vibrant and effective regulatory mechanisms, which would
further strengthen the legal infrastructure, so crucial to the success of Electronic
Commerce. All these regulatory mechanisms and legal infrastructures come
within the domain of Cyberlaw.
Q.4. What is the importance of Cyberlaw?
Cyberlaw is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and
activities on and concerning the Internet, the World Wide Web and Cyberspace.
Initially it may seem that Cyberlaws is a very technical field and that it does not
have any bearing to most activities in Cyberspace. But the actual truth is that
nothing could be further than the truth. Whether we realize it or not, every

action and every reaction in Cyberspace has some legal and Cyber legal
perspectives.
Q.5. Does Cyberlaw concern me?
Yes, Cyberlaw does concern me. As the nature of Internet is changing and this
new medium is being seen as the ultimate medium ever evolved in human
history, every activity of yours in Cyberspace can and will have a Cyber legal
perspective. From the time you register your Domain Name, to the time you set
up your web site, to the time you promote your website, to the time you conduct.98
electronic commerce transactions on the said site, at every point of time, there
are various Cyberlaw issues involved. You may not be bothered about these
issues today because you may feel that they are very distant from you and that
they do not have an impact on your Cyber activities. But sooner or later, you will
have to tighten your belts and take note of Cyberlaw for your own benefit.
For example, you may knowingly or unknowingly book a Domain
Name, say www.xyx.com which may be the trade mark of any other company,
person or legal entity in any part of the world, say B. Domain Names are given to
you on first come first served basis. But you may be involved by the other party
being B in a Cyber legal dispute which may allege that you are deliberately
involved in the practice of Cyber squatting (the practice of knowingly registering
the trade mark of any legal entity, company or person with the intention of
holding on to it and thereafter selling the same to the said legal entity, company
or person at a handsome premium). You may also be involved in Cyber litigation
as the concerned party, B, may approach the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) for adjudicating the matter and WIPO by a summary
procedure may direct you to relinquish and release the said Domain Name to B,
the concerned party. Needless to say, it shall be incumbent on the concerned
party, B, to produce all documentary and other evidence to substantiate its claim
to the concerned Domain Name. This is just one of the many examples that
show the importance of Cyberlaw for you.
Q.6. What is the general awareness about Cyberlaw today?
Today, the awareness about Cyberlaw is beginning to grow. Many technical
experts in the beginning felt that legal regulation of Internet is not necessary.
But with the rapid growth of technologies and Internet, it is crystal clear that no
activity on Internet can remain free from the influence of Cyberlaw. Publishing a
Web page is an excellent way for any commercial business or entity to vastly
increase its exposure to millions of persons, organizations and governments
world-wide. It is that feature of the Internet, which is causing much controversy
in the legal community.
Q.7. Is Cyberlaw constantly evolving?
Yes, Cyberlaw is constantly being evolved. As new and new opportunities and
challenges are surfacing, Cyberlaw, being a constantly evolving process, is
suitably modifying itself to fit the call of the time. As the Internet grows,
numerous legal issues arise. These issues vary from Domain Names, to
Intellectual Property Rights to Electronic Commerce to Privacy to Encryption to
Electronic Contracts to Cybercrime to Online Banking to Spamming and so on.
The list is very long.
Q.8. What is the stage of development of Cyberlaw today?
Cyberlaw today, on a global scale, is at an early stage of development. Just as
different civilizations and societies in history have taken time to develop and
refine their legal systems, in the case of Internet too, it will take some time for
Cyberlaws to be fully developed and refined. Different countries in different parts
of the world are adopting their own strategies to this new field.
Q.9. What do we intend to do by means of this interactive feature?
By means of this interactive feature, every week we shall aim to look at various

important issues relating to Cyberlaw. Next week we begin to look at the legal
issues relating to domain names.

DOMAIN NAMES

Q. 10.What is an IP address?
The Internet is a network of computers. Each computer on the said network has
its own distinct entity and presence. That is the reason why every
computer is given a distinct Electronic Address called the Internet
Protocol address or in short IP address. This IP address is given by numerical
values like 202.54.15.75. The IP address is just like any telephone number,
which identifies a particular computer on the Internet.
Q.11. What is a Domain Name?
Since it is not possible to remember each and every numerical value of an IP
address, the system of domain names evolved. Internet domain names, in a
common man's language, are used as an easy-to-remember alias which point to
a specific IP address. The dominant purpose of the domain name is simply to
provide an easy method for remembering another's electronic address. It's a
unique name used to identify, among other things, a specific Web site. Thus a
typical domain name would be http://www.indiainfoline.com.
Q.12. What are the components of a Domain Name?
Any domain name consist of two components, namely the top level domain
name(TLD) and a second level domain name. Thus in the said example,
http://www.indiainfoline.com, ". com" would be the top level domain name
while "indiainfoline" would be second level domain name.
Q.13. What are the categories of Top Level Domain Names (TLDs)?
As on date, there are two categories of top-level domain names. In the first
category comes the domain names .com, .net, .org, .edu. When the system of
registering domain names began, the norms were that the .com name is to be
given to commercial organizations, while others such as .org, .net, .gov and
.edu are to be assigned to non-commercial organizations, network providers,
government agencies and educational institutions respectively. However, as
time has passed, due to the enhanced volumes of domain name registrations,
the said norms have been abandoned and today anyone can, without any
restriction of any kind whatsoever, can register any domain name.
The second category of top level domain names is the country code TLDs
denoted by a two letter country code. For instance, the top level domain name
for India is .in. The responsibility for assigning the same is given in each country
to a specified country domain name registrar. In India, the TLD.in is registered
by NCST at Bombay.
Q.14. Who registers Domain Names ?
The domain names were initially registered by Network Solutions only, who had
the sole monopoly to register the said TLDs. This monopoly of Network Solutions
continued for many years and only in 1999, the Internet Corporation Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN) allowed other accredited registrars to register
domain names. Today there are more than 100 registrars with whom one can
register a TLD.
Q.15. What is the unique feature of Domain Names?
The unique feature of domain names is that the said domain names are given on
"first come, first served" basis. This feature of domain names give rise to
numerous legal issues and disputes. Thus the important thing in domain names
registration is speed. To take an example, the domain name www.microsoft.org
was available and was registered by Amit Mehrotra much before Microsoft
Corporation could think of it. This led to numerous ticklish legal issues. Microsoft
Corporation, despite having the trademark Microsoft, could not get the domain
name www.microsoft.org because of the "first come, first served" criteria of

domain name registration.


Q.16. How are Domain Names different from Trade Marks?
To put it simply, Domain names are indeed different from trademarks. While it is
possible that the same trademark may be registered by different persons in
different categories and different lines of businesses, it may be possible to only
register one domain name corresponding to such trademark. This aspect of
domain names has led to numerous legal problems.
Q.17. What is Cyber squatting ?
Another legal issue surrounding domain names is that of Cyber squatting. Cyber
squatting is the practice by means of which a person or legal entity books up
the trade mark, business name or service mark of another as his own domain
name for the purpose of holding on to it and thereafter selling the same domain
name to the other person for valuable premium and consideration.
Cybersquatters book up domain names of important brands in the hope of
earning quick millions .
Q.18. What are the recent trends relating to tackling Cyber squatters ?
The Internet history has shown that while some corporate players have been
willing to and have indeed coughed up money to get back their legitimate
domain names, the recent trend is more towards taking the cybersquatters by
the horns and fighting them out by legal processes. Courts throughout the world,
including in India, have been proactive and have been granting injunctions to
stop cybersquatters from operating their web sites.
19. What is the latest most effective remedy against Cybersquatting ?
The latest breath of fresh air in the fight against Cybersquatting has been the
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy, which has been duly approved
by ICANN. Under the said Domain Names Dispute Resolution Policy, a summary
procedure is adopted to adjudicate the complaint of any complainant relating to
any domain name on payment of processing fees. This policy has been in
operation since the end of last year.
Q.20. Under the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy,
have the Indian companies had any success ?
Under the said policy, Indian companies are also beginning to get back their
legitimate domain names. The domain name www.theeconomictimes.com and
www.timesofindia.com have been won back under the said policy. Two recent.102
success for Indian Companies under the said policy include winning back the
domain names www.tata.org and www.philipsindia.com by TATA and Philips
India respectively.
By means of this interactive feature, every week we shall aim to look at various
important issues relating to Cyberlaw. Next week, we look at more issues
concerning domain names.

CYBERCRIME

Q.21. What is Cybercrime ?


When Internet was developed, the founding fathers of Internet hardly had any
inclination that Internet could also be misused for criminal activities. Today,
there are many disturbing things happening in cyberspace. Cybercrime refers to
all the activities done with criminal intent in cyberspace. These could be
either the criminal activities in the conventional sense or could be activities,
newly evolved with the growth of the new medium. Because of the anonymous
nature of the Internet, it is possible to engage into a variety of criminal
activities with impunity and people with intelligence, have been grossly misusing
this aspect of the Internet to perpetuate criminal activities in cyberspace. The
field of Cybercrime is just emerging and new forms of criminal activities in
cyberspace are coming to the forefront with the passing of each new day.
Q.22. Do we have any one exhaustive definition of Cybercrime ?

There can be no one exhaustive definition about Cybercrime. However, any


activities, which basically offend human sensibilities, can also be included in its
ambit. Child Pornography on the Internet constitutes one serious Cybercrime.
Similarly, online paedophiles, using Internet to induce minor children into sex,
are as much Cybercriminals as any others.
Q.23. What are the various categories of Cybercrimes?
Cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories being Cybercrimes
against persons, property and Government.
Q.24. Tell us more information about Cybercrimes against persons?
Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission
of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as
e-mail, and cyber-stalking.
The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material
including pornography, indecent exposure, and child pornography, constitutes.103
one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such
a crime to humanity can hardly be overstated. This is one Cybercrime which
threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave
irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled.
Q.25. Is Cyber harassment also a Cybercrime ?
Cyber harassment is a distinct Cybercrime. Various kinds of harassment can and
does occur in cyberspace, or through the use of cyberspace. Harassment can be
sexual, racial, religious, or other. Persons perpetuating such harassment are also
guilty of cybercrimes. Cyber harassment as a crime also brings us to another
related area of violation of privacy of netizens. Violation of privacy of online
citizens is a Cybercrime of a grave nature. No one likes any other person
invading the precious and extremely touchy area of his or her own privacy which
the medium of Internet grants to the netizen.
Q.26. What are Cybercrimes against property ?
The second category of Cybercrimes is that of Cybercrimes against all forms of
property. These crimes include unauthorized computer trespassing through
cyberspace, computer vandalism, transmission of harmful programs, and
unauthorized possession of computerized information.
Q.27. Is hacking a Cybercrime ?
Hacking and cracking are amongst the gravest Cybercrimes known till date. It is
a dreadful feeling to know that a stranger has broken into your computer
systems without your knowledge and consent and has tampered with precious
confidential data and information. Coupled with this , the actuality is that no
computer system in the world is hacking proof. It is unanimously agreed that any
and every system in the world can be hacked. The recent denial of service
attacks seen over the popular commercial sites like E-bay, Yahoo, Amazon and
others are a new category of Cybercrimes which are slowly emerging as being
extremely dangerous. Using one's own programming abilities as also various
programs with malicious intent to gain unauthorized access to a computer or
network are very serious crimes. Similarly, the creation and dissemination of
harmful computer programs or virii, which do irreparable damage to computer
systems, is another kind of Cybercrime. Software piracy is also another distinct
kind of Cybercrime which is perpetuated by many people online who distribute
illegal and unauthorized pirated copies of software.
Q.28. What is Cybercrime against Government ?
The third category of Cybercrimes relate to Cybercrimes against Government.
Cyber Terrorism is one distinct kind of crime in this category. The growth of
Internet has shown that the medium of Cyberspace is being used by individuals
and groups to threaten the international governments as also to terrorize the
citizens of a country. This crime manifests itself into terrorism when an individual

"cracks" into a government or military maintained website.


Q.29. Is there any comprehensive law on Cybercrime today?
Since Cybercrime is a newly specialised field, growing in Cyberlaws, a lot of
development has to take place in terms of putting into place the relevant legal
mechanism for controlling and preventing Cybercrime. As of now, there is
absolutely no comprehensive law on Cybercrime any where in the world. This is
reason that the investigating agencies like FBI are finding the Cyberspace to be
an extremely difficult terrain. These various Cybercrimes fall into that grey area
of Internet law which is neither fully nor partially covered by the existing laws
and that too in some countries.
Q.30. Is there any recent case which demonstrates the importance of having
Cyberlaw on Cybercrime within the national jurisdictions of countries ?
The most recent case of the virus "I love you" demonstrates the need for having
cyberlaws concerning Cybercrimes in different national jurisdictions. At the time
of the web publication of this feature, Reuters has reported that "The Philippines
has yet to arrest the suspected creator of the 'Love Bug' computer virus because
it lacks laws that deal with computer crime, a senior police officer said". The fact
of the matter is that there are no laws relating to Cybercrime in the Philippines.
The National Bureau of Investigation is finding it difficult to legally arrest the
suspect behind the 'Love Bug' computer virus. As such, the need for countries to
legislate Cyberlaws relating to Cybercrime arises on an urgent priority basis.
Q.31. What is the approach adopted by US Courts regarding Cybercrimes ?
The courts in United States of America have already begun taking cognizance of
various kinds of fraud and Cybercrimes being perpetuated in Cyberspace. For the
victims of various Cybercrimes, there is no one healing remedy. They can either
file for civil damages or wait for the culprits to be nabbed and then to be tried
under provisions, existing or envisaged which are not comprehensive at all.
However, a lot of work has to be done in this field. Just as human mind is
ingenious enough to devise new ways for perpetuating crime, similarly, human
ingenuity needs to be channelised into developing effective legal and regulatory
mechanisms to control and prevent Cybercrimes.
Q.32. Why do we need to fight Cybercrime ?
We all must remember that Cyberspace is a common heritage of ours, which we
have inherited in our life times from the benefits of ever growing technologies.
This Cyberspace is the lifeline of the entire universe and given its irreversible
position today, it is the duty of every netizen to contribute toward making the
said cyberspace free of any trouble or cybercrime. To rephrase the famous
words of Rabindra Nath Tagore in today's context, "Where the Cyberspace is
without fear or crime and the head is held high, where knowledge is free, where
tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection, .. into that cyber heaven
of freedom, O my father, let our humanity awake."
By means of this interactive feature, every week we shall aim to look at various
important issues relating to Cyberlaw. Next week we begin to look at the legal
issues relating to domain names in India
Pavan Duggal, our columnist, is a Cyberlaw Consultant and is one of the pioneers
in the field of Cyberlaw in India. He is the President of Cyberlaws.Net, an online
Cyberlaw Constancy and is also the Member of Membership Advisory Committee
of The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Pavan
is the Founder President of Cyberlaw India and Cyberlaw Asia.

MEDICAL RESOURCES IN INDIA


Internet has helped a lot of people in curing the disease all over the world because it gives the
information, where is what. Medical services offered through Internet are usually known as tele
tele medicine and it is very popular and it has become very popular all over the world. The Internet
technology has become so advanced that a surgery was performed in USA by a main doctor
through his subordinates, sitting in Australia.
The Internet has suddenly opened thousands of new sources of medicine all over the world,
breaking all geographic barriers. Recently, one woman from Austria came for Ayurvedic treatment
in Ahamadabad, after initial consultation with a doctor who was online.
In India there are lot of doctors and hospitals online. But many people don know where are they.
Here I have made an attempt to bring together some hospitals, doctors and health related web
sites so that you will be benefited to the fullest extend. The data given below is not complete, so in
the next edition of this book, you will be getting more data. Hope you will get some benefit for the
time being.
BEST HOSPITALS
www.apollo-ihc.com
www.choithram.org
www.links2001.com/indianhospitalpage.htm
www.meditrackindia.com/hosclinics.htm
www.hostindia.com/srmc/hospital.htm
http://meditrackindia.com/hosclinics.htm
www.delhiguide.com/medical/hospitals.htm
www.health-india.com/home.htm
www.devipolymers.com/hospitals.htm
http://amitysoft.com/hospitals.htm
www.mvdiabeticfoot.com/services.htm
www.calicutnet.com/OtherLinks/hospitals.htm
www.healthlibrary.com/india_file.html
www.indianindex.com/Health/Hospitals/
www.spanindmart.com/medical/
www.coimbatore.com/organ.htm
www.rareherbsindia.com/health.htm
www.madrasnet.com/Health/Hospitals/
www.ranchiexpress.com/hospitals_ranchi.htm
www.virtualpune.com/punehelp/help.htm
www.woodlands-hosp.com
DOCTORS ONLINE
www.dentalindia.com/patlinks.html(dental)
www.indiandoctors.com/
http://123india.com/health_and_medicine/doctors
www.indiawebchakra.com/web_search/www/noncom/general/28Aug235215.html
www.insurat.com/doctors
http://medinfo.webindia.com/
www.doctorsdelhi.com
www.surfindia.com/mohanrao/profilemohan.htm
www.tamilnadudoctors.com/doclist.htm
www.indiamart.com/sunandsnow/ayurvedatour.html
DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL COLLEGES

http://indiafocus.indiainfo.com/education/medical.html
MEDICAL WEBSITES
http://indiafocus.indiainfo.com/health
www.health-search.org/p38.htm
www.heartinfo.com/reviews/web/web__427175834.htm
www.qmedin.com/medsites
www.mahesh.com/india/health/
www.indianindex.com/Health
www.healthlibrary.com/news/
www.mic.ki.se/India.html
www.wellmedia.com/news/week16/indianmed.html
www.investindia.com/newsite/medicine/siddha.htm
www.nic.in/ismh/
www.greyowlcrafts.com/indian_medicine.htm
www.indiamart.com/himalaya/
http://meditrackindia.com/index.htm
HEALING
www.solemn.com/incenses.htm
www.naturalhealthdirect.com.au/markets/product/itm00264.htm
www.aegis.com/pubs/woalive/1998/wo980402.html
www.mindbodyhealing.com/index2.html
CHRISTIAN MEDICALCOLLEGE - VELLORE
www.vellorecmc.org
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
www.aiims.ac.in
KASTHURBA MEDICAL COLLEGE - MANIPAL
www.manipalgroup.com/news
HOSPITAL JOURNALS
www.elisda.com/health/journals.html

Movie resources in Internet


Movie is another field, which is on the path of revolution through Internet. Now days, you can find
out anything about movies through World Wide Web, like, details about the forth coming movies,
stars, studios, movie scripts, screenwriters, acting, careers in movies, technicians, latest
technology adopted in movie making etc. you can also join online courses on movie making, actin,
screenwriting and a variety of other subjects related to movies. With the advent of Internet, millions
of people can buy movies from online shops in Internet.
t. www.reel.com
www.reel.com is the finest example of this
kind. At the same time, you can also download lot of movie clippings, trailers, previews and lot of
other details from the net.
In Western Europe and America, movie business is largely done through some thing called "video
on demand".
demand Suppose, if you want to see a particular movie at a particular time, you can do so by
hiring a video on demand service. Here you have to pay the video service provider some fee, who
will then allow you to see the move stored in his server through internet. Here the advantage is
that, the cost of viewing a movie is much cheaper compared to buying a VIDEO CD or going to a
movie theatre. You will also get a variety of movies to watch at nominal rates at your convenience.
The following are some of the best movie resources available in the World Wide Web. Just browse
through some of these sites, it will be a difference experience for any movie lover.
Note: the movie clippings are usually stored as "mpg"
"mp or "avi"
"av files in the computer. For example
Titatnic.mpg
Predator.avi

WORLD WIDE MOVIE DATABASE


HOLLY WOOD MOVIES
www.hollywood.com
www.eonline.com
www.imdb.com
www.allmovie.com
www.movies.com
www.hollywoodreporter.com
www.bigstar.com.110
GERMAN MOVIES
www.ukans.edu/cwis/units/video/germov.html
http://hs.riverdale.k12.or.us/movies/boot/tinseltown.html
RUSSIAN MOVIES
www.russianet.net/movies.htm
www.colby.edu/russian/movies.html
BRITISH MOVIES
www.britishpictures.com
www.britmovie.co.uk
KOREAN MOVIES
www.cinecrew.com/film/koreanfilms/noname1.htm
http://ispl.korea.ac.kr/~wikim/films/chorok/chorok.html
CHINESE MOVIES
www.wit.com/chinascape/china/enter/movie/
www.coolvcd.com/chinese-movies/index.shtml

IRANIAN MOVIES
www.iranianmovies.com
FRENCH MOVIES
www.discoverfrance.net/France/vid_index.shtml
SWEDISH MOVIES
www.sfi.se/eng/efilm/mefilm.htm
www.sverigeturism.se/smorgasbord/lifestyle/film.html
JAPANESE MOVIES
www.j-video.com/enterE.html
http://members.xoom.com/hamasaki
AFRICAN MOVIES
www.liunet.edu/cwis/cwp/library/african/movies.htm
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/FINE/juhde/stonm941.htm
FILM FESTIVALS
www.filmfestivals.com
www.film.com/reviews/rev_ff/
www.canoe.ca/FilmFest/home.html
CELEBRITIES
www.women-celebrities.com
www.mencelebs.

INDIAN MOVIE SPECIAL


India makes the largest number of movies in the world, in almost 15 different languages. Most of
the films are churned out from Mumbai.
Mumba The Hindi film industry is popularly known as
BOLLYWOOD.
BOLLYWOO Some of the Indian film makers such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Adoor
Gopalakrishnan produce realistic movies depicting the true culture of India as a whole. Many of
their movies have won national and international awards, several times. The Indian film heroines
are almost coming in par with their counterparts in Hollywood by wearing minimum amount of
clothes.
HINDI FILMS
www.gobollywood.com
www.bollywoodonline.com
ADDRESSES OF ACTORS AND ACTRESSES IN BOLLYWOOD
www.planetbollywood.com/address.html
TAMIL FILMS
www.tamilcinema.com
www.tamilnet.net.au
TELUGU FILMS
www.telugucinema.com
MALAYALAM FILMS
www.malayalacinema.com
BENGALI FILMS
www.bengalicinema.com

Music resources in Internet


Before the origin of Internet, for a talented musician or singer, it was very difficult to become
successful in the profession. It took long years of painful practise and hard work to get recognition
and respect in the society. But, times have changed with the advent of Internet. Now, if you have
got some talent in composing music or singing, you can simply record it, and put it in Internet.
Anybody from anywhere in the world with an Internet connection can download your music and
enjoy your talent.
Now days you can see lot of amateurs selling their talent through Internet. If you have got some
talent and could not make it till now, don't weep. Just get into cyber space and give a try. Definitely
somebody will appreciate your talent. To play music in your computer, you should have a
multimedia kit, which contains video cared, sound card, speakers etc. the sound card will convert
the digitally stored music (mp3 or wav files) into sound. With the help of multimedia kit and some
softwares, you can even record your voice and put it in Internet. You can even take part in
programs conducted by various Internet radio services. If you want to hear music, there are
thousands of sites from which you can download music and enjoy. Just give a try at www.real.com
& www.freemusic.co m. Now days, you can find all sorts of music resources in the Internet.
Following are some of the best music resources in the world wide web, browse through some of
the sites and see how they works.
Music is a vast ocean in which one can not find any boundaries. It is the spontaneous expression
of heart in a rhythmic manner. Music has no language, religion, culture or race. It is simply divine.
Recent researches prove that music has got healing power. There is a separate branch of
treatment called music therapy. Following are some of the web sites on music. Hope you will find
what you want. Just download it, listen to it and then dwell in wonderland for some time.
BUY MUSIC AT
www.cdnow.com
www.mp3.com
www.buymusic.com
www.shopnow.com
www.real.com
BHANGRA
www.punjabilink.com/bhangra/main.htm
www.desiclub.com/BhangraAddicts/
www.bhangranet.com
www.novapeer.co.uk/gravesend/jugnu.html
REGGAE
http://niceup.com
www.vprecords.com
www.bobmarley.com
www.reggaeambassadors.org
www.caribbeanmusic.com
www.ireggae.com/reggae.htm
www.dread-connexion.com
WORLD FAMOUS SYMPHONIES

www.chicagosymphony.org
www.orchestranet.co.uk
www.cincinnatisymphony.org
www.lso.co.uk
www.avid.com
www.bso.org
www.orsymphony.org
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
www.savageresearch.com/jester/inst.html
www.instrumentalmusic.com/index.html
www.arrowrecords.com
www.columbus.k12.oh.us/brookhaven/instrmus.html
www.bca-online.com/music/instrum.htm
CARNATIC MUSIC
www.saigan.com/heritage/music/carnatic.htm
www.carnatic-music.com/intro.html
www.sangeetham.com/_disc1/0000017f.htm
www.webindia.com/india/music.htm
http://artindia.net/carnatic.html
www.carnaticmusic.com
CLASSICAL MUSIC
www.classical.net
www.classicalmusic.about.com
www.gprep.org/classical
www.classicaliscool.com
www.classicalsearch.com
www.classicalmusic.co.uk
ROCK MUSIC
www.rockhall.com
www.sjoki.uta.fi/~latvis/rockdata.html
www.rockDaily.com
www.dmxmusic.com
www.musi-cal.com
MUSIC DIRECTORY
www.musicalonline.com
http://dmoz.org/A rts/Music/Directories/
www.piano-pal.com/pop.htm
www.offbeat.com/la_music_directory_home.html
www.mooremusic.com.au/mooremen.htm
www.americangospel.com
HINDUSTANI MUSIC
www.medieval.org/music/world/hindustani.html
www.webcom.com/raag
www.allindia.com/arts/hcm.htm
POP MUSIC
www.audioreview.com/passion/messages/10715.html
www.bluebirds.co.uk/bluebook/muspop.html
www.cdspider.com/music/pop.htm
www.wfmu.org/MACrec/pop.html
RAP MUSIC
www.b-boys.com
www.cdspider.com/music/rap.htm
CHINESE MUSIC
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~felsing/cstuff/tunes.html

www.chinese-music.com
LATIN MUSIC
www.picadillo.com
http://eleaston.com/latin_music.htm
www.latinmusicmag.com/index.html
www.musicandmore.com
Note: recorded music is stored as "wav" file and big music files are stored as
"mp3" files in the computer e.g. Fluteraga.mp3, drumbeat.wav

Spiritual resources in India


India is the land of four religions, namely Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism. India is the
birthplace of thousands of great saints, who enriched the culture and tradition on India. The greatunknown saints of Himalayas had supernatural powers. Some could foretell future and some could
even fly. Many saints lived up to 500 years or more. There are such saints, still alive in unknown
parts of Himalayas and Tibet, who are completely naked and surviving in temperatures as low as 40 degree Celsius. Saints like Valmiki and Veda Vyasa wrote epics "Ramayana" and
Mahabharata" which forms the essence of Indian culture. Saints like "Charaka" and "Susrutha"
enriched "Ayurveda" The traditional medicinal healing system In India. Saints like "swami
Vivekananda", "Osho Rajneesh" and "Aurobindo Ghosh" are the spiritual ambassadors of India to
the west. Dalai Lama, the Buddhist spiritual leader lives in Dharmasala in India. India is the land of
temples too. You can find thousands of huge temples built on rock and wood all over India. The
rock temples of Tamilnadu are the largest. At the same time one can find lot of Buddhist temples,
mosques and churches too in parallel with Hindu temples.
THE GREAT SPIRITUAL MASTERS OF INDIA
SATYA SAI BABA
www.crystalinks.com/saibaba.html
www.self-realization.com/satyasaibaba.htm
www.sathyasai.org
www.saibaba.sk
SHIRDI SAI BABA
www.saibaba.org
www.shirdisai.org
www.baba.org
OSHO
www.osho.com
http://oz.sannyas.net/books/
www.immortalbooks.com.au/am_osho.html
www.oshorisk.dk/osho.htm
AUROBINDO GHOSH
www.esonet.org/pg/seeker/Aurobindo.htm
http://sriaurobindosociety.org.in.116
RAMANA MAHARSHI
www.bluedove.com/ramana.html
www.self-realization.com/ramana.htm
http://vedanta.com/18d.html
www.neelam.org/ramana_maharshi.htm
SRI RAMA KRISHNA PARAMAHAMSA
www.ramakrishna.org
www.mihira.com/mihfeb99/RAMKISHN.HTM
http://ramakrishnamath-mlore.org/srklife.htm
www.vedanta-seattle.org/pages/ramakrishna.html
www.om-guru.com/html/saints/ramakrishna.html
MAHARSHI MAHESH YOGI
www.self-realization.com/maharishi.htm
www.maharishi-india.org
MATHA AMRITHANANDAMAYEE DEVI

www.ammachi.org
www.hindunet.org/ammachi/
SWAMY CHINMAYANANDAN
www.chinmaya.org
www.globalserve.net/~chinmaya/
www.chinmaya-aa.org
www.chinmayapublications.org
SREE NARAYANA GURU
www.sngm.org
www.sndp.org
SWAMY NARAYAN
www.swaminarayan.org
www.akshardham.com
ISKCON - A SPIRITUAL ORGANISATION
www.iskcon.org
www.iskcon.net
www.hkw.iskcon.net
GURUVAYOORAPPAN
http://guruvayoorappan.homepage.com/guruvayoor.html
DALAI LAMA
www.insidechina.com/tibet/lamabio.php3
www.tibet.com/DL/index.html
http://dalailama.web-discovercard.com
www.globalcensus.org/dalai_lama.htm
www.tibet.com
GURU NANAK / GURU GOVIND SINGH
www.sikhnet.com
www.pugmarks.com/gallery/golden/
www.sikh-history.com
http://webpunjab.com/sikhheritage/page5.htm
www.srigurugranthsahib.org/audio/g10.htm
MAHAVIRA
www.chs.chico.k12.ca.us/~drabut1/religion/mahavira.htm
www.dd-b.net/~raphael/jain-list/msg00949.html
http://adaniel.tripod.com/Jainism.htm
www.india4u.com/religion/jainism.htm
GAUTAMA BUDHA
www.fundamentalbuddhism.com/buddhism.htm
http://maxpages.com/lisaliu/Chinese_Budhism
http://jbe.la.psu.edu
SANKARACHARYA OF KALADY
www.advaita-vedanta.org/avhp/
www.eaisai.com/baba/docs/sankara.html
HINDU MYTHOLOGY
www.hindumythology.com
KAMAKOTIPEETAM
www.kamakoti.org
SARADAPEETHAM
http://users.erols.com/ramakris/sringeri/sringeri.html
TEMPLES OF INDIA
www.templenet.com
www.india-biz.com/indian_temples.htm
www.saranamayyappa.org
www.siddhivinayak.org

www.hindunet.org. 118
www.chennaionline.com
www.kanchipuram.net
http://vlink.webjump.com
www.pujaseva.com/default.asp
www.srirangamtemple.org
www.orissa-tourism.com/temples.htm
www.balaji.net

Sports resources in Internet


In the Internet era, all walks of life have undergone dramatic change including sports. Suddenly,
there was an explosion in knowledge everywhere. Thousands of web sites on various sports keep
us informed second by second the events taking place in the sports a round the world. For
example, if a cricket match is being played between India & Pakistan, you can know the scores
and comments on the game on the spot through Internet. At the same time, there is a very huge
database available in the net about any sport item. Following are some of the major web sites on
sports from which you may get more details about any particular sport.
ATHLETICS
www.siu.edu/~athletic/
www.iaaf.org
www.british-athletics.co.uk
ASIAD
www.kualalumpur2006.com/asiad2006/asiad/thelogo_1.htm
www.pusanasiad.org
AIR GLIDING
www.rdg.ac.uk/AcaDepts/sn/wsn1/dept/av/en10.html
www.web-partners.com/paragliding/
www.raf.mod.uk/life/rafgsa.html
BILLIARDS
www.bca-pool.com
www.masterbilliards.com
www.billiardworld.com
BOXING
www.houseofboxing.com
www.femboxer.com
www.boxingonline.com
www.boxing.com
BADMINTON
www.badminton.org
www.badminton.ch
www.intbadfed.org
www.usabadminton.org
BULL FIGHTING
www.prorodeo.com/nfr/html/1.9photo_wbf.html
www.imagehouse.com/rodeo/events/wrangler.htm
www.superbull.com
www.bullfights.org
BASKETBALL
www.loveandbasketball.com
www.basketball.net.au
www.basketballworldinc.com
BASE BALL
www.baseballamerica.com
http://baseballhalloffame.org/index.htm
www.baseball1.com
CRICKET
www.cricinfo.com
www.clickcricket.com
www.cricket.com

CYCLING
www.cyclery.com
www.usacycling.org
www.adv-cycling.org
CHESS
www.uschess.org
www.chesscafe.com
www.chessmail.com
www.chessclub.com
CIRCUS
www.circuscircus-lasvegas.com
COMPUTER GAMES
www.cdmag.com
www.gamesdomain.com
www.gamespot.com
www.won.net
www.cgda.org
www.nikita.ru
www.geliosoft.com
FOOTBALL
www.football.com
www.fifa.com
www.footballcentral.net
www.asian-football.com
GOLF
www.pga.com
www.golftoday.co.uk
www.golfcircuit.com
www.golfmag.com
GYMNASTICS
http://directory.netscape.com/Sports/Gymnastics/
www.ncaachampionships.com
www.nadn.navy.mil/GymnTeam/
HORSE RACING
www.blood-horse.com
www.sports-days.com
www.horseracing.com
HOCKEY
www.nhl.com
www.inthecrease.com
www.chlonline.com
LAWN TENNIS.
www.wimbledon.com
www.indianewsnetwork.com/200001/lawn_tennis.htm
www.pavilion.co.uk/sclta/welcome.htm
MOTOR RACING
www.bmrc.co.uk
www.mrnnet.com
www.formula1.com
www.motorsport.com
MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
www.mountain-climbing-rock-climbing.com/guide/index.html
www.adventures.ca/gasnet/mtc.htm
www.millenniumwriters.com/mountain/index.html

www.visit-america.com/vermont/north/outdoors/mountain.htm
OLYMPICS
www.specialolympics.org
www.sydney2000.com
www.olympics.com
ROWING
www.usrowing.com
www.ul.ie/~rowing/
SEX GAMES
www.ozemail.com/~teekataylor/freepics/sex-games.html
www.sexpace.net/sex-game-hb.html
www.telesouth1.com/~avatar/sexinfo/sexgames.htm
SPORTS NEWS
www.sportsforwomen.com
www.sportscom.com
www.foxsports.com
www.espn.com
SQUASH
www.kisco.com/squash.htm
www.ffsquash.org
SKATING
www.usfsa.org
www.championsonice.com
www.isu.org
SPORTS DIRECTORY
www.onlinesports.com/pages/top,dept.html
http://toronto.planeteer.com/~cowin/sports.htm
www.sportsinfinity.com
SUMO WRESTLING
www.3zcompany.com/sumo_wrestling.htm
http://misterinflatable.com/sumo_wrestling.htm
www.sports-fun.com/html/sumo_wrestling.htm
www.edgamesandart.com/japanesesumo.html
SWIMMING
www.usswim.org
www.swimnews.com
www.trials2000.com
www.usasynchro.org
www.pacswim.org
VOLLEY BALL
http://194.250.166.229/lpcvb/
www.fivb.ch
www.volleyhall.org
www.volleyballmag.com
WINTER OLYMPICS
www.winterolympics.com
www.sportingnews.com/winterolympics/articles/54548.html
WATERPOLO
www.scoreboard-canada.com/e-zine/waterpolo.htm
www.usawaterpolo.com
www.waterpoloaus.asn.au
www.scafwp.org
www.scarboroughwaterpolo.com
WEIGHT LIFTING

www.justlift.com
www.powerlifting.com
www.wlinfo.com

INTERNATIONAL WEB DIRECTORY


A web directory contains the list web sites on different topics. Following are
some of the top web sites on various subjects, which you can use in your day to
day life. Now go for the gold.
TOP SEARCH ENGINES
www.google.com
www.infoseek.com
www.altavista.com
www.yahoo.com
www.northernlight.com
FREE E-MAIL SERVICES
www.operamail.com
www.hotmail.com
www.usa.net
www.rocketmail.com
www.mailcity.com
CREDIT CARD SERVICES
www.cybercash.com
www.authorizenet.com
www.digicash.com
www.netcash.com
ONLINE PUBLISHING
www.iuniverse.com
www.publishingonline.com
GET DIVORCED
www.divorcecentral.com
www.flyingsolo.com
FIND A JOB
www.jobsearch.co.uk
www.hotjobs.com
USE A CREDIT CARD
www.visa.com
www.mastercard.com
www.americanexpress.com
GET MARRIED
www.bridalpartner.com
www.weddingworld.com
www.findmatch.com
BUY A CAR
www.artcars.com
www.autoweb.com
www.traderonline.com
SEND A PACKET
www.dhl.com
www.fedex.com
E-MAIL SEARCH ENGINE
www.iaf.net
www.bigfoot.com
HOME MAKER
www.rdathome.com
www.toiletology.com
SELL YOURSELF
www.collab.net

www.guru.com
www.hellobrain.com
www.niku.com
DOCTORS ONLINE
www.allhealth.com
www.mayohealth.org
www.webmd.com
www.drkoop.com
FREE DISC SPACE
www.freedrive.com
www.freediscspace.com
www.idrive.com
www.docspace.com
MONEY CONVERTER
www.xe.net/currency/
SCHOLARSHIP
www.worldwidescholarships.com
MAKE A ROCKET
www.rocketryonline.com
GAYS AND LESBIANS
www.datalounge.com
www.planetout.com
www.pridenet.com
PC-MAGAZINES
www.pcmag.com
www.cnet.com
www.pcworld.com
DATING
www.dating.com
www.match.com
www.mixnmatch.com
MAKE SOME MONEY
www.activeselling.com
www.jobcash.com
www.radiofreecash.com
http://affiliate.backup.com
GO SHOPPING
www.etoys.com
www.mothermall.com
www.internetmall.com
www.onsale.com
FIND A HOME
www.homefair.com
www.homescout.com
www.realtor.com
www.homeadvisor.msn.com
BROKERS ONLINE
www.ameritrade.com
www.schwab.com
www.datek.com
www.etrade.com
www.waterhouse.com
MOVIES
www.imdb.com

www.oscars.org
www.bollywood.com
www.script-o-rama.com
www.hollywood.com
AUCTIONS
www.ebay.com
www.christies.com
www.sothebys.com
www.auctionuniverse.com
www.onsaleauctions.com
GREETING CARDS
www.bluemountain.com
www.hallmark.com
www.cards4you.com
www.123greetings.com
www.lovingyou.com
COMPUTER GAMES
www.allgame.com
www.planet.com
www.uproar.com
www.rexgames.com
www.challenge.net
HEALTH
www.healthychoice.com
www.thriveonline.com
www.shapeup.org
www.bodytrends.com
www.dietitian.com
DON'T COMMIT SUICIDE
www.rochford.org
NO DRUGS
www.drugwatch.org
AIRPORT DIRECTORY
www.airportsintl.com
STOCK X-CHANGE
www.londonstockexchange.com
www.nyse.com
SPORTS
www.espn.com
www.cnnsi.com
CHAT
www.mirc.com
http://chat.yahoo.com
RELIGION
www.jewishmag.co.il
www.shambhalasun.com
www.hindu.org
www.islam.org
www.christ.net
NATURE
www.panda.org
www.tnc.org
www.nature.org
www.nature.net

www.greenpeace.org
FREE WEB HOSTING
www.homestead.com
www.freeservers.com
www.xoom.com
www.tripod.com
www.bizservers.com
MAILING LISTS
www.tbtf.com
www.lsoft.com
www.egroups.com
www.listbot.com
www.websitepostoffice.com
www.websitejournal.com
BUY A COMPUTER
www.hp.com
www.compaq.com
www.toshiba.com
www.mitac.com
www.nec.com
www.egghead.com
SET UP A STORE
www.vstore.com
www.affinia.com
www.esaler.com
www.econgo.com
www.freemerchant.com
www.bigstep.com
FREE FAX SERVICES
www.efax.com
www.callwave.com
www.fax4free.com
TELEVISIONS
www.tvguide.com
www.discovery.com
www.mtv.com
WORLD NEWS
www.bbc.co.uk
www.cnn.com
www.expressindia.com
YELLOW PAGES
www.bigyellow.com
www.yellowpages.com
www.canadayellowpages.com
www.bigbook.com
ONLINE BANKS
www.sfnb.com
www.firstib.com
www.wellsfargo.com
www.wingspanbank.com
FREE COLLABORATION
www.hotoffice.com
www.daytracker.com
www.scheduleonline.com

www.webex.com
INTERNET
www.internet.edu
www.learnthenet.com
www.searchenginewatch.com
www.internic.net
www.w3c.org
BEST TRAVEL SITES
www.travelocity.com
www.mapquest.com
www.previewtravel.com
www.expedia.com
www.triple1.com
MONEY MATTERS
www.hrblock.com
www.moneycentral.com
www.tradecard.com
www.boler.com
www.businessweek.com
BUY MUSIC
www.audiofind.com
www.allmusic.com
www.musicmaker.com
www.mp3.com
www.saregama.com
ENJOY SEX
www.playboy.com
www.cybersex.com
www.boobs.com
www.desibaba.com
www.hotsex.com
CAR COMPANIES
www.honda.com
www.ford.com
www.mercedez-benz.com
www.toyota.com
www.maruti.com
FIND A COLLEGE
www.alumni.net
www.findcollege.com
REAL ESTATE
www.ired.com
www.propertyonline.com
AIDS
www.amfar.org
www.cab.org
DEATH CLOCK
www.deathclock.com
FREE PHONE SERVICE
www.dialpad.com
BLACKS ON LINE
www.blackfamilies.com
ADOPT A CHILD
www.adoption.com

ENCYCLOPAEDIA
www.britannica.com
LEANING TOWER OF PISA
www.torre.duomo.pisa.it
NAME YOUR BABY
www.babynamer.com
CALCULATOR ON LINE
www.calculator.com
EMBASSY DIRECTORY
www.embassy.org
DOWNLOAD SOFTWARE
www.download.com
COMEDY DIRECTORY
www.funny.co.uk
YOGA
www.timages.com/yoga.htm
CELEBRITY
www.celebrityweb.com
GAMBLING
www.casino-network.com
MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
www.craglink.com

Yoga & meditation resources in Internet


In this fast moving world, nobody has got time for anything. All are running a mad race in the rat
race of life. Because of the irregular ways of life tension and insanity of the soul, lots of physical
and mental problems develop in the individual over a period of time. One of the methods to get
slight relief from all such problems is through practicing "yoga" and meditation. Following are some
of the best yoga and meditation resources in the Internet. Utilize them to the maximum, surely it
will enable you to lead a better life.
MEDITATION RESOUCES
www.maharishi-india.org
www.osho.com
www.trancenet.org
www.zebra.net/~tbryogam
http://minet.org
www.delphi.com/awayoflife
http://indserve.com/siddhyog.org
www.magicsw.com/yoga
www.videographics.net/spirit/
www.magicsw.com/yoga
www.com.org/itv/video.html
www.sivananda.org
http://earth.path.net:80/osho/
www.artofliving.org
www.kriyayoga.com/welcome.html
www.maharishi.org
www.3ho.org
www.srcm.org
http://www.dhamma.org
www.spiritweb.org
http://www.shambhala.org
VEDAS AND UPANISHADS
www.friesian.com/upan.htm
www.vedanet.com/Gayatri.htm
www.hinduism.co.za/vedas-.htm
www.sivanandadlshq.org/religions/vedas.htm
www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/vedas.htm
www.eu.spiritweb.com/Spirit/vedas.html
www.magna.com.au/~prfbrown/katha_up.html
www.rit.edu/~mrreee/shaastra/upanishad.html
www.swami-krishnananda.org/mand_pre.html
SAINTS ONLINE
www.cosmicharmony.com/Av/AVmain.htm
www.quanyin.com/eng/article/hima.html
www.sivanandadlshq.org/download/nayanar.htm
www.meaus.com/Women_Saints_and_Masters.html
www.ajayan.com/himretreat.htm
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
http://www.kfa.org
TANTRA
http://www.tantra.com
http://www.kundalini-tantra.com/Page_1x.html
http://www.hubcom.com/tantric/

http://www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/pranayama.html
http://www.tantra.org
http://tantramag.com
AWAKENING OF SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS
www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/3588/yotaveda.html
YOGA RESOURCES
www.sivananda.org
www.ssy.org
www.yogalinks.mtx.net
www.yogaclass.com
www.yogamalika.org
www.KundaliniYoga.com
www.zebra.net/~tbryogam
www.vkyogas.org.in
http://indserve.com/siddhyog.org
www.indiawatch.org.in/yoga/
http://gallery.uunet.be/Rammanu
www.angelfire.com/ok/yogavidyadham
www.sahajayoga.org
www.ytoc.org
www.yogacenters.com/yoga/
www.abhidhyan.org
www.sandiegoyoga.com
www.ashtanga.com
www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/siddha-mahayoga.html
http://aloha.net/~bpeay/kundalini/awaken.html
www.yogibhajan.com/index.html
http://hmt.com/kundalini/index.html
www.iyi.org.uk
www.agniyoga.net
http://bksiyengar.com
TRAVEL TO HIMALAYA
www.templenet.com/hima1.html
MANTRAS
www.sanskritmantra.com
http://w3.gwis.com/~ajmani/gayatri.html
BOOKS ON MEDITATION
http://home.earthlink.net/~dmswanson/books.html
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF DRUGLESS THERAPIES
www.indiamart.com/druglesstherapies
PURANAS
www.indiawise.com/catalogues/puranas/puranas.html
www.sukhdai.com/prod03.htm
http://vedanta.com/14e.html
www.acornis.com/india/imystica/purana.html
www.hssworld.org/all/great_people/puranas.html
www.hindumythology.com/purana.htm
www.indiancultureonline.com/Mystica/html/purana.htm
http://indiatravelog.com/bookshelf/book34-puranas.html
CATALOGUE ON SAINTS
www.bluedove.com/advaita.html
TOP 100 YOGA SITES
www.topsitelists.com/world/awareness/topsites.html
YANTRAS

http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/george/yantra.html

A GUIDE TO DOT COM START-UPS AND VENTURE


CAPITAL FUNDING
With the advent of Internet, India has been gripped by the dot com fever.
feve Now days you can see lot
of start-ups every day. If you glance through any newspapers or magazines, you will see lot of
news on new ventures. Recently a newspaper reported that, in Mumbai, in every hour ten domain
names are registered. Also India is one of the top ten countries in the world in domain name
registration and dot com start ups. Now days e-commerce is the core area in which people focus
their attention.
If you have got a sound idea to generate money by doing business in the net, but don have the
money and other infrastructure, the venture capitalists and angel investors are here to help you.
Angel investor is usually a wealthy individual who will fund your business personally. "K.B.
CHANDRASEKHAR"
CHANDRASEKHA of exodus communications is fine example in this category. Venture
capitalists are big companies with assets worth millions of dollars, who invest in start up business.
GOLDMAN SACHS is a fine example.
How to approach a venture capitalist and when?
At first, you should make a brief and powerful presentation of your idea with all details and
methods to earn revenue. Then consult some body who is already in the dot com business to
rectify any errors. If everything is fine, you can approach a venture capitalist or angel investor. If
you need a few lakhs of rupees, then it is better to approach an angel investor for your start-up.
But, if you need money in the tune of millions of dollars, it is better to approach a venture capitalist.
All the venture capitalists are interested in fast retrieval of money they have put into your start-up.
So convince them without exaggerating too much, how you will earn revenue from your start-up.
Dos
Explain your ideas clearly to the venture capitalists with minimum number of words
Submit only feasible business plans, else you will be rejected on the spot
Convince the VC about your talent in your field
Donts
Don lie and overestimate your business proposal
Don make a very elaborate write -up of your plans, brevity is the soul of wit.
Make only executable plans, don chase empty butterflies
Where can you find the venture capital resources in India?
You must have read many books on venture capital funding and dot com start-ups. But most of
these books contain detailed description without much essence in it. They also will not tell you
exactly where to go in order to get your work done. These books are costly too. But here in this
book, I will exactly take you to the precise web sites from where you can get all the details you
want. The following are the addresses of the major venture capital resources in India.

ALLIANCE VENTURE CAPITAL- MUMBAI


CONTACT: P.D.SHEDDE
PHONE: 2834016,2850775
FAX:2045702
E-MAIL: avcaltd@bom3.vsnl.net.in
APIDC VENTURE CAPITAL- HYDERABAD
CONTACT:SARATH NA RU
PHONE:3299951, 3299952
FAX: 3297449
E-MAIL: apidcvcl@hd1.vsnl.net.in
BARING PRIVATE EQUITY PARTNERS -NEW DELHI
CONTACT: RAHUL BHASIN
PHONE: 3739663-65
FAX : 335863
E-MAIL: promila.karnani@ing-barings.com
CANBANK VENTURE CAPITAL FUND-BANGLORE
CONTACT: T.BHAGWANDAS
PHONE: 2264390,2260132
FAX:2251165
CDC ADVISORS - NEW DELHI
CONTACT: DONALD PECK
PHONE: 4691691-92
FAX:4691693
E-MAIL: imm@intnet.mu
CHRYSALIS CAPITAL - MUMBAI.138
CONTACT: KUNAL SHROFF
PHONE: 2306600
FAX: 2306601
E-MAIL: kunal@chrysaliscapital.com
DRAPER INTERNATIONAL - BANGLORE
CONTACT: KIRAN.S. NADKARNI
PHONE: 5550325
FAX: 5550461
E-MAIL:
kiran.nadkarni@draper.sprintrpg.ems.vsnl.net.in
E-VENTURES INDIA - MUMBAI
CONTACT: RAJESH JOG
PHONE:2883793
FAX:2883796
E-MAIL: rjog@hotmail.com
GUJARAT VENTURE FINANCE - AHMEDABAD
CONTACT: VISHNU VARSHNEY
PHONE: 6581285,6580704
FAX: 6585226
E-MAIL: vishnu@ad1.vsnl.net.in
URL: www.gvfl.com
HSBC PRIVATE EQUITY MANAGEMENT - NEW DELHI
CONTACT: JONATHAN.R.A.BOND
PHONE: 3731234
FAX: 3328501
E-MAIL: hsbcpemm@vsnl.com
ICF VENTURES - BANGLORE
CONTACT:VIJAY ANGADI
PHONE:2267272,2288525

FAX:2251133
E-MAIL: icfund@vsnl.com
ICICI VENTURE FUNDS MANAGEMENT - BANGLORE
CONTACT:A.J.V.JAYACHANDER
PHONE: 5583681,5584471
FAX: 5580741
E-MAIL: tdici@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in.139
IFB VENTURE CAPITAL - CALCUTTA
CONTACT: M .BHATIA
PHONE:293072,293435
FAX:2448998
IL&FS VENTURE CORPORATION - BANGLORE
CONTACT:MUNEESH CHAWLA
PHONE:2272950.2272951
FAX:2270418
E-MAIL: muneesh.chawla@ilfsindia.com
INDUS VENTURE MANAGEMENT - MUMBAI
CONTACT: B.R. SHAH
PHONE:2852854,2838121
FAX: 2842921
E-MAIL: indusventure@vsnl.com
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA -MUMBAI
CONTACT: S.K. CHAKRABARTI
PHONE: 2189111, 2189117
FAX: 2183619
E-MAIL: vv.rao@idbi.co.in
INDUSTRIAL VENTURE CAPITAL - CHENNAI
CONTACT:T.E.KRISHNAKUMAR
PHONE:8233623,8240490
FAX:8255673
INFINITY VENTURES - MUMBAI
PHONE: 2852378,2884921
FAX:2829583
E-MAIL: saurab@infinityventures.com
JF ELECTRA - MUMBAI
CONTACT: PRAKASH KARNIK
PHONE:2835841
FAX: 2883284
E-MAIL: jf.electra.india@jfleming.com
KARNATAKA INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY VENTURE CAPITAL FUND-BANGLORE
CONTACT: M.RUDRADEV
PHONE: 2256287-88,2266271
FAX: 2252614
E-MAIL: marcona@giasbg01.vsnl.net.in
MARIGOLD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT - MUMBAI
CONTACT: RATTAN JONEJA
PHONE: 6058509,6058511
FAX: 6058610
E-MAIL: marigold@bom3.vsnl.net.in
PATHFINDER INVESTMENT COMPANY - PUNE
CONTACT: N.K.PRASAD
PHONE: 5651851,5671572
FAX:5651846
E-MAIL: pathfind@vsnl.com

RISK CAPITAL AND TECHNOLOGY FINANCE CORPORATION - NEW DELHI


CONTACT: S.P.LAVAKARE
PHONE: 4321709,4321730
FAX: 4362232
E-MAIL: rctc@ndf.vsnl.net.in
SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA - LUCKNOW
CONTACT: G.K.SAXENA
PHONE:2851274-77
FAX: 2044448
UUL: www.sidbi.com
WALDEN -NIKKO INDIA MANAGEMENT COMPANY - MUMBAI
CONTACT: SUDHIR .K.SETHI
PHONE:6485194
FAX: 6480829
E-MAIL: ssethi@wiig.com
URL: www.wiig.com
KERALA STATE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORP. LTD - TRIVANDRUM
CKESTON ROAD
KOWDIAR
TRIVANDRUM
KERALA - 695 003
PHONE :0471 - 318922
FAX: 91-471-315893
E-MAIL: ksidc@giasmb01.vsnl.net.in
URL: www.ksidc.org
OTHER USEFUL SITES ON VENTURE CAPITAL INFORMATION
www.e1947.com
www.indiaventure2000.com
www.indialine.com/net.columns/column74.html
www.tie.org/india-today-1199.htm
www.indianentrepreneurs.com/venture.htm
http://63.73.189.23/2000/00_05/b3666181.htm
http://venturefundindia.mit.gov.in/new_vcf.htm
www.ey-india.com
www.businessweek.com/1998/49/b3607011.htm
http://206.20.14.67/achal/archive/Feb98/cyber.htm
www.vdashtech.com/india/bizdir/cookies.htm
www.wiig.com/locations/india/india_articles.htm
http://dqindia.com/nov3099/angel.html
www.jumpstartup.net
INTERNATIONAL VENTURE CAPITALISTS
www.garage.com
www.nvst.com
www.theelevator.com
www.edie-online.com
www.compareitall.com
www.startupzone.com
www.inc.com
www.e-loan.com
www.livecapital.com
NOTE: please familiarise with the following terms, it will help better understanding of venture
capital and dot coms.

Brick & mortar companies: these are companies of the old economy, which are built from
foundation from brick and mortar. Companies like TATA, BIRLA & RELIANCE are the finest
examples.
Click & mortar stores: these are online stores though which you can do shopping by just clicking
the mouse. Payment is done through credit card and the goods will generally reach your home
through courier. www.fabmart.com is the finest example of this category.
Vertical portal: A web site or dot com company that deals with only one subject is called a
vertical portal. For example, the site www.sharekhan.cm " is a vertical portal. it deals with money
and share market news.
Horizontal portal:: A web site or dot com company that deals with a variety of subjects at a time
is called a vertical portal. For example, the best Indian search engine, " www.rediff.com"
www.rediff.com" is the
finest example in this category.
B2C: A business involving transfer of goods and services from a company to the consumer
directly. All online stores fall into this category.
B2B: A business involving transfer of goods and services from one company to another company.
All the business auction companies fall in this category.

Free resources available in the Internet


In the Internet, you can get lot of free stuff. They are generally called "freebies". You can download
almost any software free of cost. The anti virus kit of Mcafee (www.mcafee.cm ) is the finest
example. Also you can download thousands of e-books, games, movie clippings, graphics,
greeting cards, research reports and other useful information from the net. But remember that most
of the software you download from the net is of "test versio n" that means, you may not be able to
use it for more than a stipulated time after which it expires automatically.
Suppose if you want to save a particular page you are viewing in the internet, go the "file"
"fil in the left
of your browser, then go to "save a s" and click, then you can save that page by some name. Below
is the list of some of the best freebies available in the Internet. Utilize them and improve your net
value.
DOWNLOAD FREE FONTS
www.1001freefonts.com
THE BEST FREEBIES IN INTERNET
www.coolfreebielinks.com/cfl/freebees.htm
www.keyscreen.com
www.freesite.com
DOWNLOAD COREL WORD PERFECT 3.5
www.corel.com/products/macintosh/wpmac35/pack_freedownload.htm
DOWNLOAD WINZIP
www.winzip.com
OTHER FREEBIE SITES
www.freewareplus.com
www.freebiestuff.com/free/la0lpd1043.htm
www.cnet.com
www.freehound.com
www.bestfreeware.com
www.freelinks.org
www.thefreesite.com
www.varatek.com/free.html
www.bcpl.net/~wnidiffe/free.html
www.sunshinevalley.com/subzero/downloads.shtml
www.desktopnews.com/download/
www.hungrysoftware.com/ducks.html
DOWNLOAD PAINTSHOP PRO
www.visitorinfo.com/software/paint.htm
DOWNLOAD CHAT SOFTWARE
www.ichat.com/plugin/download/rooms.html
DOWNLOAD ADOBE ACROBAT READER
www.foolmart.com/market/library/Research_Sample.asp
DOWNLOAD THE BEST DRAWING SOFTWARE-SMART DRAW
www.smartdraw.com/sander.htm
DOWNLOAD SCREENSAVERS
www.screensavershot.com
DOWNLOAD JAVA APPLETS
www.nedernet.nl/~rvdb
DOWNLOAD ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARES
http://antivirus.cai.com
DOWNLOAD INTERNET TELEPHONY SOFTWARE

www.besttelephonerates.com/download.html
DOWNLOAD FREE GRAPHICS
www.freegraphics.com/download.html
www.mccannas.com
DOWNLOAD COMPUTER GAMES
www.weboshawa.com/gamesframes/main.html
www.thefreesite.com/freegames.htm
www.free-games.to
www.portalmix.com/indexin.htm
www.gamespot.co.uk
www.cdmag.com
DOWNLOAD TURBOZIP
www.the-void.dk/pro/cm.htm
DOWNLOAD LINUX RELATED SOFTWARES
www.linuxarchives.com
FREE PORN DOWNLOADS
www.geocities.com/lfentt/023.htm
DOWNLOAD HTML TUTORIAL
http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/w/s/wsmart/WEB/HTMLtutor.html
DOWNLOAD JAVA TUTORIAL
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/information/download.html
DOWNLOAD MCAFEE ANTIVIRUS KIT
www.mcafee.com
DOWNLOAD MOVIES
www.acdlabs.com/download/movies/mov_spec.html
www.tidalwave.net/~mrware/services_1997_goals/Download_Movies/
www.best-of-web.com/computer/screensavers_people_2.shtml
DOWNLOAD CELEBRITY PICTURES
www.celebrity-wallpaper.com
www.cworldonline.com/copyright.html
www.celebritypics.com/index.html
www.best-of-web.com/computer/screensavers_people_2.shtml
DOWNLOAD MUSIC
http://homepages.go.com/homepages/b/r/a/bramos/mp3.htm
DOWNLOAD ADULT MOVIES
www.naughtystudents.com/newanal3.html
www.dailyxxxmovies.com
DOWNLOAD ADULT PC GAMES
www.gamegab.com/forums/codes-and-cheats/messages/6256.html
http://www.movielord.com
DOWNLOAD VIDEOGAMES
www.cade.com.br/lajogvid.htm
www.videogames.com
www.portalmix.com/indexin.htm
DOWNLOAD CLIPART
www.clipart.com
www.clipartconnection.com
DOWNLOAD NETSCAPE TOOLS
www.netscape.com/computing/download/
HOW TO INSTALL AND RUN REGCLEAN?
www.createwindow.com/wininfo/regclean.htm
UNIT CONVERSION SOFTWARE
www.lawrencegoetz.com/programs/convert.htm
DOWNLOAD VISIO 2000

http://www.visio.com/support/downloads/default.asp
DOWNLOAD WINARJ 98
www.jps.net/ilmaestro/Downloads.html

Latest trend in Internet


The face of Internet is changing day by day. More and more utilities are invented day by day. The
latest trend in Internet can't be defined exactly because, by the time I explain one, a new invention
has already taken place. Recently a modem was developed with a processing speed of 2 giga
bytes per second. In every 18 months, there is a very important invention-taking place in the PC
hardware. Recently a company named AMD came out with a processor of 1000Mhz. The changes
taking place in the field of Internet and computer technology is faster than that of light. But still let
me tell you about the latest trend in Internet, it is called WAP, using which mobile Internet and cell
phones receiving e -mails work. Now read on and see how it works.
What is wireless Internet?
In Western Europe and America, wireless Internet has already invaded the market. In a cell phone
like device, you can receive e-mails and see web pages at any time. So even while you are
travelling, you can make a hotel booking, know the news around the world and the share values
etc..This phenomenon is going to revolutionize the internet utility. Lots of companies including
Microsoft is providing such services in Western Europe and America.
How it works?
Recently a new technology in communication has emerged and it is known as wireless application
protocol (WAP).
(WA
Using this technology, you can receive e-mails in mobile phones and carry a
laptop with an Internet connection anywhere in the globe. Using this technology, HTML
HT
(the
contents of the web pages) is converted into a language called XML and is displayed in the screen
of the handy device. The message transmission takes place with the help of satellites like that of
wireless phones.
If you want to know more about WAP, here is a small tutorial What is WA P?
WAP bridges the gap between the mobile world and the Internet as well as corporate intranets and
offers the ability to deliver an unlimited range of mobile value-added services to subscribers
independent of their network, bearer, and terminal. Mobile subscribers can access the same
wealth of information from a pocket-sized device as they can from the desktop.
WAP is a global standard and is not controlled by any single company. Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola,
and Unwired Planet founded the WAP Forum in the summer of 1997 with the initial purpose of
defining an industry-wide specification for developing applications over wireless communications
networks. The WAP specifications define a set of protocols in application, session, transaction,
security, and transport layers, which enable operators, manufacturers, and applications providers
to meet the challenges in advanced wireless service differentiation and fast/flexible service
creation. There are now over one hundred members representing terminal and infrastructure
manufacturers, operators, carriers, service providers, software houses, content providers, and
companies developing services and applications for mobile devices. For more information,

visit the WAP Forum at http://www.wapforum.org


WAP also defines an application environment (WAE) aimed at enabling operators, manufacturers,
and content developers to develop advanced differentiating services and applications including a
microbrowser, scripting facilities, e-mail, World Wide Web (WWW) to mobile-handset
messaging, and mobile to telefax access.
The WAP specifications continue to be developed by contributing members, who, through
interoperability testing, have brought WAP into the limelight of the mobile data marketplace with
fully functional WAP enabled devices (see Figure 1). Based on the Internet model, the wireless
device contains a microbrowser, while content and applications are hosted on Web servers.
BENEFITS OF WAP
Operators
For wireless network operators, WAP promises to decrease churn, cut costs, and increase the
subscriber base both by improving existing services, such as interfaces to voice mail and prepaid
systems, and facilitating an unlimited range of new value-added services and applications, such as
account management and billing inquiries. New applications can be introduced quickly and easily
without the need for additional infrastructure or modifications to the phone. This will allow operators
to differentiate themselves from their competitors with new, customized information services. WAP
is an interoperable framework, enabling the provision of end to end turnkey solutions that will
create a lasting competitive advantage, build consumer loyalty, and increase revenues.
Content Providers
Applications will be written in wireless markup language (WML), which is a subset of extensible
markup language (XML). Using the same model as the Internet, WAP will enable content and
application developers to grasp the tag-based WML that will pave the way for services to be written
and deployed within an operator's network quickly and easily. As WAP is a global and
interoperable open standard, content providers have immediate access to a wealth of potential
customers who will seek such applications to enhance the service offerings given to their own
existing and potential subscriber base. Mobile consumers are becoming more hungry to receive
increased functionality and value-add from their mobile devices, and WAP opens the door to this
untapped market that is expected to reach 100 million WAP enabled devices by the end of the
year 2000. This presents developers with significant revenue opportunities.
End Users
End users of WAP will benefit from easy, secure access to relevant Internet information and
services such as unified messaging, banking, and entertainment through their mobile devices.
Intranet information such as corporate databases can also be accessed via WAP technology.
Because a wide range of handset manufacturers already supports the WAP initiative, users will
have significant freedom of choice when selecting mobile terminals and the applications they

support. Users will be able to receive and request information in a controlled, fast, and low-cost
environment, a fact that renders WAP services more attractive to consumers who demand more
value and functionality from their mobile terminals.
As the initial focus of WAP, the Internet will set many of the trends in advance of WAP
implementation. It is expected that the ISPs will exploit the true potential of WAP. Web content
developers will have great knowledge and direct access to the people they attempt to reach. In
addition, these developers will likely acknowledge the huge potential of the operators' customer
bases; thus, they will be willing and able to offer competitive prices for their content. WAP's push
capability will enable weather and travel information providers to use WAP. This push mechanism
affords a distinct advantage over the WWW and represents tremendous potential for both
information providers and mobile operators.
3. Why Choose WAP?
In the past, wireless Internet access has been limited by the capabilities of handheld devices and
wireless networks.
WAP utilizes Internet standards such as XML, user datagram protocol (UDP), and IP. Many of the
protocols are based on Internet standards such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and TLS but
have been optimized for the unique constraints of the wireless environment: low bandwidth, high
latency, and less connection stability.
Internet standards such as hypertext markup language (HTML), HTTP, TLS and transmission
control protocol (TCP) are inefficient over mobile networks, requiring large amounts of mainly textbased data to be sent. Standard HTML content cannot be effectively displayed on the small-size
screens of pocket-sized mobile phones and pagers.
WAP utilizes binary transmission for greater compression of data and is optimized for long latency
and low bandwidth. WAP sessions cope with intermittent coverage and can operate over a wide
variety of wireless transports. WML and wireless markup language script (WMLScript) are used to
produce WAP content. They make optimum use of small displays, and navigation may be
performed with one hand. WAP content is scalable from a two-line text display on a basic device to
a full graphic screen on the latest smart phones and communicators.
The lightweight WAP protocol stack is designed to minimize the required bandwidth and maximize
the number of wireless network types that can deliver WAP content. Multiple networks will be
targeted, with the additional aim of targeting multiple networks. These include global system for
mobile communications (GSM) 900, 1,800, and 1,900 MHz; interim standard (IS) 136;
digital European cordless communication (DECT); time-division multiple access (TDMA), personal
communications service (PCS), FLEX, and code division multiple access (CDMA). All network
technologies and bearers will also be supported, including short message service (SMS), USSD,
circuit-switched cellular data (CSD), cellular digital packet data (CDPD), and GPRS.

As WAP is based on a scalable layered architecture, each layer can develop independently of the
others. This makes it possible to introduce new bearers or to use new transport protocols without
major changes in the other layers.
Summary
WAP provides a markup language and a transport protocol that open the possibilities of the
wireless environment and give players from all levels of the industry the opportunity to access an
untapped market that is still in its infancy. The bearer-independent nature of WAP has proved to be
a long-awaited breath of fresh air for an industry riddled with multiple proprietary standards that
have suffocated the advent of a new wave of mobile-Internet communications. WAP is an enabling
technology that, through gateway infrastructure deployed in mobile operator's network, will bridge
the gap between the mobile world and the Internet, bringing sophisticated solutions to mobile
users, independent of the bearer and network.
Backed by 75 percent of the companies behind the world's mobile telephone market and the huge
development potential of WAP, the future for WAP looks bright.
The Future of WAP
The tremendous surge of interest and development in the area of wireless data in recent times has
caused worldwide operators, infrastructu re and terminal manufacturers, and content developers to
collaborate on an unprecedented scale, in an area notorious for the diversity of standards and
protocols. The collaborative efforts of the WAP Forum have devised and continue to develop a
set of protocols that provide a common environment for the development of advanced telephony
services and Internet access for the wireless market. If the WAP protocols were to be as
successful as transmission control protocol (TCP)/Internet protocol (IP), the boom in mobile
communications would be phenomenal. Indeed, the WAP browser should do for mobile Internet
what Netscape did for the Internet.
As mentioned earlier, industry players from content developers to operators can explore the vast
opportunity that WAP presents. As a fixed-line technology, the Internet has proved highly
successful in reaching the homes of millions worldwide. However, mobile users until now have
been forced to accept relatively basic levels of functionality, over and above voice communications
and are beginning to demand the industry to move from a fixed to a mobile environment, carrying
the functionality of a fixed environment with it. Initially, services are expected to run over the wellestablished SMS bearer, which will dictate the nature and speed of early applications. Indeed,
GSM currently does not offer the data rates that would allow mobile multimedia and Web browsing.
With the advent of general packet radio services (GPRS), which aimed at increasing the data rate
to 115 kbps, as well as other emerging high-bandwidth bearers, the reality of access speeds
equivalent or higher to that of a fixed-line scenario become evermore believable. GPRS is seen by
many as the perfect partner for WAP, with its distinct time slots serving to manage data packets in
a way that prevents users from being penalized for holding standard circuit-switched connections.

Handset Manufacturers and WAP Services


It is expected that mobile terminal manufacturers will experience significant change as a result of
WAP technology

a chance that will impact the look and feel of the hardware they produce. The

main issues faced by this arm of the industry concern the size of mobile phones, power supplies
display size, usability, processing power, and the role of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and
other mobile terminals.
With over 75 percent of the world's key handset manufacturers already involved in the WAP Forum
and announcing the impending release of WAP compatible handsets, the drive toward new and
innovative devices is quickly gathering pace. The handsets themselves will contain a microbroswer
that will serve to interpret the byte code (generated from the WML /WMLS content) and display
interactive content to the user.
The services available to users will be wide-ranging in nature, as a result of the open specifications
of WAP, their similarity to the established and accepted Internet model, and the simplicity of the
WML / WMLS languages with which the applications will be written. Information will be available in
push and pull functionality, with the ability for users to interact with services via both voice and
data interfaces. Web browsing as experienced by the desktop user, however, is not expected to be
the main driver behind WAP as a result of time and processing restraints.
Real-time applications and services demand small and key pieces of information that will fuel the
success of WAP in the mobile marketplace. Stock prices, news, weather, and travel are only some
of the areas in which WAP will provide services for mobile users. Essentially, the WAP application
strategy involves taking existing services that are common within a fixed-line environment and
tailoring them to be purposeful and user-friendly in a wireless environment. Empowering the user
with the ability to access a wealth of information and services from a mobile device will create a
new battleground. Mobile industry players will fight to provide their customers with sophisticated,
value-added services. As mobile commerce becomes a more secure and trusted channel by which
consumers may conduct their financial affairs, the market for WAP will become even more
lucrative.
WAP in the Competitive Environment
Competition for WAP protocols could come from a number of sources: subscriber identity module
(SIM) toolkit

The use of SIMs or smart cards in wireless devices is already widespread and used

in some of the service sectors. Windows CE

This is a multitasking, multithreaded operating

system from Microsoft designed for including or embedding mobile and other space-constrained
devices.
JavaPhone

Sun Microsystems is developing PersonalJava

is embedded in a Java

virtual machine on the handset.

and a JavaPhone

API, which

NEPs will be able to build cellular phones that can download extra features and functions over the
Internet; thus, customers will no longer be required to buy a new phone to take advantage of
improved features.
The advantages that WAP can offer over these other methods are the following: open standard,
vendor independent network-standard independent transport mechanism optimised for wireless
data bearers application downloaded from the server, enabling fast service creation and
introduction, as opposed to embedded software.

Fundamentals of e-commerce
What is e-commerce?
E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services across the Internet.
An e-commerce site can be as simple as a catalogue page with a phone number,
or it can range all the way to a real-time credit card processing site, where
customers can purchase downloadable goods and receive them on the spot.
E-commerce merchants can range from the small business with a few items for
sale all the way to a large online retailer such as www.amazon.com. E-commerce
has altogether brought a revolution in the business dealings all over the world.
In 1998 alone consumers spent $8 billion to buy goods and services online.
This figure is expected to reach $130 billion in the next four years.
Last year alone transactions worth $43 billion have taken place between
business to business (B2B) online all over the world. According to a recent
research the business to business e-commerce will touch $1.3 trillion. This is
ten times more than the business to consumer (B2C) value and greater than the
gross domestic product of Britain or Italy.
Using the techniques of e-commerce, you can link dealers and factories online,
reducing both lag time and paperwork. You can move procurement online by
setting up an extarnet that links directly to vendors, cutting inventory and
carrying costs and becoming more responsive to your customers. The payment
for all the transactions is done through secured credit card system.
What is the end result of e-commerce?
While building customer royalty, companies can reduce costs by improving order-processing
efficiency, with reduced cost. It means higher margins of profit. For
example, the cost of processing an airline ticket through conventional method is
$8, while the cost of processing an airline ticket booked online is just $1.
A word about online payment processing
When a customer purchases an item with a credit card, a two step process
begins.
Step1
The merchant or the web site requests an authorization from the customer's
credit card account to ensure that the card is valid and the customer has enough
available balance for the purchase. The customer bank sends an authorization
number back to the merchant or web site and the order is captured..155
Step2
The merchandise is sent and the merchant informs the bank where they have a
merchant account. The bank deposits funds to the merchant's account, while the
customer's account is debited for the amount of the purchase. At that time, the
customer's bank takes out the required fees and the transaction is complete.
Note:
Credit cards are an important part of enabling business through Internet. The
easiest process to integrate into an existing business is an offline authorization
and settlement process.
Who are the credit card processing agencies?
There is lot of credit card processing agencies in the Internet. Some major ones
are
www.cybercash.com
www.authorizenet.com
www.clickbank.com
www.ibill.com
www.paypall.com
These service providers will generate authorization request when the customer
places an order. If the merchant is selling hard goods, which have to be shipped

to the customer, then the order is saved securely for later settlement. Once
goods are shipped, the merchant can settle the order and the transaction is
completed. If the merchant is selling downloadable goods like computer games
and software, then the order can be authorized and settled in real time, without
any intervention by the merchant.

E-COMMERCE TUTORIAL

Introduction
Welcome to the e-Commerce Tutorial. Would you like to be able to accept
secure, real time credit card transactions on your web site? Well, here's how!
This tutorial will show you how to get started in the complex and exciting world
of Electronic Commerce.
This is how E Commerce works.
The consumer moves through the Internet to the merchant's web site. From
there, he decides that he wants to purchase something, so he is moved to the
Online transaction server, where all of the information he gives is encrypted.
Once he has placed his order, the information moves through a private gateway. 156
to a Processing Network, where the issuing and acquiring banks complete or
deny the transaction. This generally takes place in no more than 5-7 seconds.
There are many different payment systems available to accommodate the varied
processing needs of merchants, from those who have a few orders a day to
those who process thousands of transactions daily. With the addition of Secure
Socket Layer technology, e Commerce is also a very safe way to
complete transactions.
There are several basic steps involved in becoming Commerce Enabled.
Getting an Internet Merchant Bank Account
Web Hosting
Obtaining a Digital Certificate
Finding a Provider of Online Transactions
Creating or purchasing a Shopping Cart Software
E Commerce Directory
Welcome to the e Commerce Directory. Below you will find a listing of e
Commerce Companies that are prominent in the industry. These will not include
resellers or consultants; only those companies that provide Payment Gateways
for Online Transactions.
www.AuthorizeNet.com
www.MasterMerchant.com
www.CambistSolutions.com
www.MerchantOnline.com
www.CyberCash.com
www.ICVerify.com
www.CyberSource.com
www.OpenMarket.com
www.FirstSecurity.com
www.PaymentNet.com
www.iTransact.com
www.GeneSys.com
Web Hosting
Web hosting is a very important step in this process, as this is how you gain a
presence on the Internet in the first place. It is important that the web hosting
company is capable of providing you with the level of service that you need to
maintain your Web Store. A few things to look for are:.157
Good uptime
Good technical support
Fast connection to the Net

Staff that is knowledgeable about e Commerce


Compatibility with major e Commerce providers
It is always good to spend some time when choosing a web hosting company, as
there are many 'fly-by-night' businesses out there. For the money you're
spending, make sure that the company is reputable.
Getting an Internet Merchant Bank Account
In order to be able to accept credit cards over the Internet, you must
apply to your bank for an Internet Merchant Bank Account. This can be relatively
easy or somewhat difficult, depending on which country you live in and what
bank you are with.
U.S.A.
In the US, this is a fairly simple procedure. Many banks offer Internet Merchant
Accounts, and most Online Transaction Providers will support them. See your
bank for details.
International:
Since the vast majority of Online Transaction Providers are located in the US and
are restricted in their ability to interact with banks outside their own country,
international merchants have very little choice. An international merchant has to
find a way to get a US merchant account, embark on the equally difficult task of
finding a local Online Transaction Provider, or utilize one of the few companies
that services the international market.
Also, many banks outside the US have very restrictive policies regarding Internet
accounts. Luckily, the situation is improving, and most Online Transaction
Providers will help you with this if you get in touch with them.
In the ratings section, I have included information on which providers give
international service. Here are some additional issues to keep in mind when you
apply for a Merchant Bank Account:.158
A US merchant account can take up to a month to come through. If you already
have a merchant bank account, you will probably also need to upgrade it to an
Internet account.
Ensure that your bank accepts Internet merchant accounts and has credit card
processors that can connect to wwww.Paymentech.com or www.CyberCash.com
Your account must be able to handle Card Not Present transactions.
Obtaining a Digital Certificate (SSL)
A digital certificate, also known as a SSL Server Certificate, enables SSL (Secure
Socket Layer encryption) on the web server. SSL protects communications so
you can take credit card orders securely and ensure that hackers cannot
eavesdrop on you. Any e Commerce Company will require you to have SSL
before you can use their services.
Thankfully, for most people obtaining a digital certificate is not a problem. For a
minimal fee, one can usually use the certificate owned by the web hosting
company where your page resides.
If you are a larger company, however, you may want to get your own digital
certificate. A certificate costs about $125.00 and can be obtained from
www.Thawte.com or www.Verisign.com
Finding a Provider of Online Transactions
Before you start looking for a provider, you should stop for a moment and
consider what exactly you need. How many transactions do you expect to be
completing in a month? How many products do you have to put on your web
site? How complex does the software need to be? How much are you willing to
spend?
There are a lot of online transaction providers out there, and they all have
varying packages. Deciding on a provider's package that fits your needs is
perhaps the most important aspect in creating an E Commerce web site.

The Directory page provides a good cross section of the companies out there. It
is a good idea to go through a few of them and compare their prices and
services. For a quick breakdown of the most popular packages these companies
provide, visit the Summary section..159
Shopping Cart Software
Shopping cart software is an operating system that can be used to allow people
to purchase your items, keep track of your accounts, and tie together all of the
aspects of your e Commerce site into one cohesive whole.
While there are many other types of software that you can use in it's place, such
as catalogue software or a flat order form, shopping cart software is the most
popular and the most widely known.
Many Online Transaction Providers will have shopping cart software that comes
with their service, but it can often be very expensive, so be warned. If you
cannot afford to spend at least a couple of hundred dollars on this software, you
should be looking for a package that offers it as a rental included in the monthly
service charge, or one that offers a simple flat order form.
Conclusion
E Commerce can be a very rewarding venture, but it should not be undertaken
lightly. There is a lot of information to absorb. Here are some additional tips on
creating a successful Online Store:
If you know nothing about web design, it is probably a good idea to hire a
designer.
Marketing your site is very important on the web. Here are some useful tips:
Submit your site to as many search engines as possible. Try finding web sites
with similar themes and make deals to create reciprocal links.
Create an advertising banner and purchase space from a popular web site to
display it. Put your URL in the signature file of your email and the header of all
business correspondence.
Word of mouth is very powerful on the Net; tell all of your friends about your
page. Avoid spamming - it is a sure way to get a very bad reputation.
Investigate the web sites that are possible rivals and formulate a strategy for
competing against them..160
If you anticipate a lot of growth in the amount of orders coming through your
site, figure out how you are going to cope with the increased load before you get
swamped.
Now that you know the basics, you should be able to make some informed
decisions about how to proceed. Remember that you can ask for further advice
from the company that you decide to employ..161

Glossary of common terms associated with


Internet
Backbone
A backbone is a high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major
pathway within a network. For example, NSFNET was the backbone of the
Internet for many years.
BOOKMARK
A term used with Netscape Browsers. A saved address to a Web site that has
been added to a list of saved addresses. Instead of retyping an address again,
you can go to your bookmarks and click on the address to return to the site.
BROWSER (WEB BROWSER)
A software program that enables you to see, and hear content on the World
Wide Web. This includes, text, graphics, sound, and video. Popular browsers are
Netscape, and Internet Explorer.
CHARACTER MAP
A string of characters to create a character that is not on your keyboard. For
example to create the character you hold down the Alt key on your keyboard
and type 0169 into your number pad, then release the Alt key.
CHAT ROOM
A place where you can talk to another person or group of people in real time.
Communication is usually through typing.
COPY AND PASTE
A procedure where you copy text on a page into a temporary holding spot called
your clipboard, then paste it into another area on the page or into another
application.
DIRECTORY
A directory of links to Internet sites. These directories may be searchable. Links
to other sites are gathered and sorted by category. Examples of directory sites
are About.com and Yahoo.
DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)
A system of numbers that are actually used by computers instead of Domain
Names to locate a Web Site. When you type in http://familyinternet.about.com
the browser looks for a DNS number that matches the address. Computers deal.162
with numbers easier, while humans remember names easier, so computers use
the numbers while humans use an address. An
example DNS number is 206.132.96.20.
DOWNLOAD
Where you copy a file from another computer to yours. Every time you access a
page, you download the information on the page and temporarily store it on your
computer.
EMOTICONS
A string of characters that represent and emotion when you type. ie. :) Happy,
:( Sad, :o Shocked Learn More About Emoticons
FAQ
Abbreviation for Frequently Asked Questions. Many Web sites try to gather
questions that are frequently asked and put them in one place.
FAVORITES
A term used with Internet Explorer Browser. A saved address to a Web site that
has been added to a list of saved addresses. Instead of retyping an address
again, you can go to your bookmarks and click on the address to return to the
site.
FTP

Abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol. A special FTP program is used to transfer
files from one computer to another. It is often used by Webmasters to upload
their files to a Web site. It is also used to download files from Web sites.
HARDWARE
Term used for the physical components of a computer.
HISTORY
Your browser keeps a record of sites that have been loaded by the browser.
HOME PAGE
A Web page that is about you or a page that you create with your favorite links.
Also this term is used for the start page that loads whenever you open your
browser.
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
A standard used by World Wide Web servers to provide rules for moving text,
images, sound, video, and other multimedia files across the Internet.. 163
ICON
A small picture on a Web page that represents the topic or information category
of another Web page. Frequently, the icon is a hypertext link to that page.
INTERNET
A world wide collection of computer networks that allows people to find and use
information and communicate with others.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
A generic term for any company that can connect you directly to the Internet.
LINK (HYPERTEXT LINK)
A term used on the Internet for a clickable address or word that will send you to
another area of the site you are at, or to a different Internet site.
MODEM
A device that allows computers to communicate with each other over telephone
lines or other delivery systems by changing digital signals to telephone signals
for transmission and then back to digital signals. Modems come in different
speeds: the higher the speed, the faster the data is transmitted. There are also
cable modems where you can connect to the Internet
through your cablevision.
NETIQUETTE
Rules or manners for interacting courteously with others online (such as not
typing a message in all capital letters, which is equivalent to shouting).
ONLINE SERVICE
A company that provides Internet access with extras, like their own chat rooms
and services. Examples are www.aol.com and www.earthlink.com
PIXEL
A very tiny dot of information that is displayed on a picture or screen. Refer to
Resolution.
POST
An act of putting information on the Internet. You usually post to newsgroups or
bulletin boards. You can also post a Web page.
RESOLUTION
You can adjust your computer's resolution, so you can fit more on the screen.
Resolution refers to the number of pixels that fit on the screen. Usual
configurations include 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768. With 640x480 it is 640.164
pixels wide by 480 pixels tall, for a total of 307,200 pixels (640*480) being
shown on your screen.
SEARCH ENGINE
A program that performs keyword searches for information on the Internet. The
program sends a robot to an Internet site and it gathers keywords and stores
them. When you search, it's search results are gathered by relevance to your

query. Some of the more popular search engines are Altavista, Go,
Thunderstone etc
SOFTWARE
A computer program or set of instructions. System software operates on the
machine itself and is invisible to you. Application software allows you to carry out
certain activities, such as word processing, games, and spread sheets.
SPAM
An expression for unsolicited email, generally from a company trying to get you
to visit their web site or an offer to make money.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
The World Wide Web address of a site on the Internet. For example, the URL
for the White House is http://www.whitehouse.gov.
USENET NEWSGROUPS
A system of thousands of special interest groups to which readers can send or
"post" messages; these messages are then distributed to other computers on the
network. Usenet registers newsgroups, which are available through Internet
Service Providers.
VIRUS
A piece of programming code inserted into other programming to cause some
unexpected and usually undesirable event, such as lost or damaged files. Viruses
can be transmitted by downloading programming from other sites or can be
present on a diskette. The source of the file you're downloading or of a diskette
you've received is often unaware of the virus. The virus lies dormant until
circumstances cause its code to be executed by the computer.
WALLPAPER
The picture or design that is present on your screen when you don't have any
windows open.
WORLD WIDE WEB (Web or WWW)
A hypertext-based system that allows you to browse through a variety of linked
Internet resources organized by colorful, graphics-oriented home pages..165
Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can travel a communications
path in a given time, usually measured in seconds. If you think of the
communications path as a pipe, then bandwidth represents the width of the pipe
that determines how much data can flow through it all at once.
Bit
Short for binary digit, a bit is the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.
Bits are used in various combinations to represent different kinds of data. Each
bit has a value of 0 or 1.
Byte
A byte is a series of bits of a particular length, usually 8. Computer storage space
is measured in bytes. A Kilobyte (or 1 K) represents 1024 bytes and a Megabyte
(1 Mb) represents one thousand "K" bytes, or one million bytes.
Bps
This is an abbreviation for bits per second and a measurement of how fast data
is transmitted. Bps is usually used to describe modem speeds or the speed of a
digital connection.
Browser
A browser is a software program that allows you to view and interact with
various kinds of Internet resources available on the World Wide Web. A browser
is commonly called a web browser.
Cache
When you download a web page, the data is "cached," meaning it is temporarily
stored on your computer. The next time you want that page, instead of

requesting the file from the web server, your web browser just accesses it from
the cache, so the page loads quickly. But if the web page is updated frequently,
as are pages with news, sports scores or financial data, you won't see the most
current information. Use the Reload button on your browser to download fresh
data from the server.
CD-ROM
An acronym for Compact Disk read-only Memory, a CD-ROM is a storage medium
for digital data. CD-ROMs can hold 650 Mb.
Chat
Chat describes the way people communicate online in real time. The term "chat"
is actually a misnomer. Typically, people in online chat sessions type messages
to each other using their keyboards. The message then appears on the screens
of all the participants. Chats can involve two or more people..166
Chat Room
An electronic space, typically a web site or a section of an online service, where
people can go to communicate online in real time. Chat rooms are often
organized around specific interests, such as small business owners, gardening,
etc.
Clickable Image
A clickable image is any image that has instructions embedded in it so that
clicking on it initiates some kind of action or result. On a web page, a clickable
image is any image that has a URL or more than one URL embedded in it (i.e.
hidden behind it). This can be accomplished simply by including an <A HREF>
anchor tag in an HTML <IMG> (image) tag. Embedding more than one URL in
an image requires constructing an image map.
Computer Virus
A computer virus is a program created specifically to invade computers and
networks and wreak havoc on them. The mischief caused can be very minor,
such as causing a funny image or cryptic message to be displayed on your
screen, or it can do some serious damage by altering or even destroying files.
Cyberspace
Cyberspace is a term coined by science fiction author William Gibson to describe
the whole range of information resources available through computer networks.
Domain Name
The domain name is the unique name that identifies an Internet site. The
Internet is made up of hundreds of thousands of computers and networks, all
with their own domain name or unique address. Domain names always have two
or more parts separated by dots. A given server may have more than one
domain name, but a given domain name points to only one server. For example,
whitehouse.gov is the domain name belonging to the White House computer
system. Once a system administrator registers a unique domain name, sub
addresses can be assigned to the machines and people on the local network.
Thus, the President's e-mail address is president@whitehouse.gov, the Vice-President's
is vice-president@whitehouse.gov, and so on.
Encryption
A way of coding the information in a file or e-mail message so that if it is
intercepted by a third party as it travels over a network it cannot be read. Only
the person or persons that have the right type of decoding software can
unscramble the message.. 167
Firewall
A firewall is a combination hardware and software buffer that many companies
or organizations have in place between their internal networks and the Internet.
A firewall allows only specific kinds of messages from the Internet to flow in and
out of the internal network. This protects the internal network from intruders or

hackers who might try to use the Internet to break into


those systems.
Floppy Disk
Also called a diskette, a floppy disk is the magnetic storage medium used to
store and transfer data, usually between personal computers that are not
networked.
FTP
This is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol -- a very common method of
transferring one or more files from one computer to another. FTP is a specific
way to connect to another Internet site to retrieve and send files. FTP was
developed in the early days of the Internet to copy files from computer to
computer. With the advent of the World Wide Web, and web browser software,
you no longer need to know arcane FTP commands to copy to and from other
computers. In your browser, you can use FTP by typing the URL into the location
box at the top of your screen. For example, typing
ftp://name.of.site/directory/filename.zip transfers the file filename.zip to your
computer's hard disk. Typing ftp://name.of.site/directory/ gives you a listing of
all the files available in that directory. If your web browser doesn't have built-in
FTP capability, or if you want to upload files to a remote computer, you will need
to use an FTP client program to transfer files. To use FTP, you need to know the
name of the file, the computer where it resides, and the directory it's in. Most
files are available via "anonymous FTP," which means you can log into the
machine with the user name "anonymous" and use your e-mail address as your
password.
Hits
This term refers to the number of files that are downloaded from a web server.
Keeping track of hits is a way of measuring traffic to a web site that can be
misleading. Number of hits a site receives is usually much greater than the
number of actual visitors. That's because a web page can contain more than one
file. For example, each graphic element is a separate file, so a page with nine
graphics would count as ten hits one for each graphic and one for the HTML file.
In this scenario, a page may have 10,000 hits, but only 1,000 visits.
Gopher
Gopher is an application that was developed at the University of Minnesota to
help organize files on the Internet. Named after the school's football mascot,.168
Gopher is a subject-based, menu-driven guide to finding and retrieving
directories of information on the Internet
Home Page
Also referred to as a web page, the home page is the starting point of a Web
presentation. It is a sort of table of contents for what is at the web site referring
direct links to the different parts of the site.
HTML
An acronym for Hypertext Mark-up Language, HTML is the computer language
used to create hypertext documents. HTML uses a finite list of tags that describe
the general structure of various kinds of documents linked together on the World
Wide Web.
Http
Http stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- the method used to transfer
hypertext files across the Internet. On the World Wide Web, pages written in
HTML use hypertext to link to other documents. When you click on hypertext,
you jump to another web page, sound file, or graphic. Hypertext transfer is
simply the transfer of hypertext files from computer to computer. Hypertext
transfer protocol is the set of standards used by computers to transfer hypertext
files (web pages) over the Internet.

Internet Service Provider


Also called an ISP or access providers, Internet service providers refers to the
remote computer system to which you connect your personal computer and
through which you connect to the Internet. Internet service providers that you
access by modem and telephone lines are often called dial-up services.
Internet Telephony
Internet telephony is the conversion of analogue speech signals used on current
telephone systems into digital data, allowing calls to be sent over the Internet,
bypassing long distance charges. While the Internet was first devised as a way of
transmitting data, it is now being used to make voice calls. Internet telephony is
projected to explode as the costs plummet.
ISDN
An acronym for Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN lines are connections
that use ordinary phone lines to transmit digital instead of analogue signals,
allowing data to be transmitted at a much faster rate than with a traditional
modem..169
LAN
An acronym for Local Area Network, LAN refers to a local network that connects
computers located on the same floor or in the same building or nearby buildings.
Mailing List
A mailing list is a way of having a group discussion by electronic mail and
distributing announcements to a large number of people. A mailing list is very
much like a conference on a BBS, except that the conversation comes to you in
your e-mail box. Each time you or any member of the list posts a reply to the
conversation, it is distributed to the e-mail box of every member of the list. All of
this traffic is automated and managed by programs called mailing list managers
(MLMs). The two most frequently used programs are Listserv and Majordomo.
Modem
Short for Modulator/Demodulator, a modem is a device that allows remote
computers to communicate, to transmit and receive data using telephone lines.
Netiquette
Netiquette is a form of online etiquette -- an informal code of conduct that
governs what is generally considered to be the acceptable way for users to
interact with one another online.
Multimedia
Multimedia refers to the simultaneous use of more than one type of media such
as text with sound, moving or still images with music, and so on.
PDF
An acronym for Portable Document Format, PDF is a file type created by Adobe
Systems, Inc. that allows fully formatted, high-resolution, PostScript documents
to be easily transmitted across the Internet and viewed on any computer that
has Adobe Acrobat Reader software (a proprietary viewer is available for free at
the Adobe site). Corporations that have invested in brand name identification use
PDF to display the original look of their logos and advertising. Publishers can
create a high-quality brochure and then "publish" it as is, without converting it to
HTML. Anyone interested in presenting documents with the highest possible
resolution or a complex layout might choose to use PDF.
PDF files can be distributed via e-mail, web pages, CD-ROMs, online services and
LANs. They can also contain hyperlinks, QuickTime movies, and sound clips.
POP
An acronym for Point of Presence, a POP is the local telephone exchange from
which you receive service.. 170
PPP
An acronym for Point-to-Point Protocol, PPP is a communications protocol used

to transmit network data over telephone lines. It allows you to connect your
computer to the Internet itself, rather than logging on through an Internet
service provider's host computer and using UNIX commands through a shell. This
type of connection lets you communicate directly with other computers on the
network using TCP/IP connections. It is part of the TCP/IP suite of programs
necessary to connect to and use the Internet.
Protocol
A protocol is the standard or set of rules that two computers use to communicate
with each other. Also known as a communications protocol or network protocol,
this is a set of standards that assures that different network products or
programs can work together. Any product that uses a given protocol should work
with any other product using the same protocol. For example, TCP/IP, PPP, and
SLIP.
Search Engine
A search engine is a type of software that creates indexes of databases or
Internet sites based on the titles of files, keywords, or the full text of files. The
search engine has an interface that allows you to type what you're looking for
into a blank field. It then gives you a list of the results of the search. When you
use a search engine on the Web, the results are presented to you in hypertext,
which means you can click on any item in the list to get the actual file.
Server
A server is a computer that handles requests for data, e-mail, file transfers, and
other network services from other computers (i.e., clients).
SPAM
Originally just a canned sandwich filler product, Spam now also refers to the
practice of blindly posting commercial messages or advertisements to a large
number of unrelated and uninterested newsgroups.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the language
governing communications between all computers on the Internet. TCP/IP is a
set of instructions that dictates how packets of information are sent across
multiple networks. It also includes a built-in error-checking capability to ensure
that data packets arrive at their final destination in the proper order. IP, or
Internet Protocol, is the specification that determines where packets are routed
to, based on their destination address. TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol,
makes sure that the packets arrive correctly at their destination address. If TCP
determines that a packet was not received, it will try to re send the packet until.171
it is received properly. You must be running TCP/IP to have full Internet access.
In UNIX, TCP/IP is a part of the operating system. In the DOS and Windows
world, the functionality of TCP/IP is handled by WinSock. This piece of software
takes care of your TCP/IP configuration information.
Telnet
Telnet is a software program that allows you to log in to other remote computers
on the Internet to which you have access. Once you are logged into the remote
system, you can download files, engage in conferencing, and perform the same
commands as if you were directly connected by computer. You need an Internet
account to be able to use a telnet program.
Uploading
Often confused with downloading, uploading a file means loading it from your
computer onto a remote one. Most people do a lot more downloading than
uploading. See Downloading
URL
An acronym for Uniform Resource Locator, a URL is the address for a
resource or site (usually a directory or file) on the World Wide Web and the

convention that web browsers use for locating files and other remote services.
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality, sometimes called VR, refers to computer simulations of real-world
"environments" that use 3-D graphics and external devices like a dataglove or
helmet to allow users to interact with the simulation. Users move through
virtual reality environments as though they were navigating in real worlds -walking through structures and interacting with objects in the environment.
WAN
An acronym for Wide Area Network, WAN refers to a network that connects
computers over long distances via telephone lines or satellite links. In a WAN,
the computers are physically and sometimes geographically far apart.
Web Page
A web page is a document created with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
that is part of a group of hypertext documents or resources available on the
World Wide Web. Collectively, these documents and resources form what is
known as a web site. You can read HTML documents that reside somewhere on
the Internet or on your local hard drive with a software program called a web
browser. Web browsers read HTML documents and display them as formatted
presentations, with any associated graphics, sound, and video, on a computer
screen. Web pages can contain hypertext links to other places within the same. 172
document, to other documents at the same web site, or to documents at other
web sites. They can also contain fill-in forms, photos, large clickable images,
sounds, and videos for downloading.
World Wide Web
You can think of the Web as a worldwide collection of text and multimedia files
and other network services interconnected via a system of hypertext documents.
Http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) was created in 1990, at CERN, the European
Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, as a means for sharing
scientific data internationally, instantly, and inexpensively. With hypertext, a
word or phrase can contain a link to other text. To achieve this, CERN developed
a programming language called HTML that allows you to easily link to other
pages or network services on the Web
SSL
An acronym for Secure Socket Layer, SSL is a protocol developed by Netscape
communications Corporation for securing data transmission in commercial
transactions on the Internet. Using public-key cryptography, SSL provides server
authentication, data encryption, and data integrity for client/server
communications
Cryptography
The process of securing private information that is passed through public
networks by mathematically scrambling (encrypting) it in a way that makes it
unreadable to anyone except the person or persons holding the mathematical
"key" that can unscramble (decrypt) it. The two most common types of
cryptography are "same-key" and "public-key." In same-key cryptography, a
message is encrypted and decrypted using the same key, which is passed along
from one party to another in a separate transmission. A more secure method is
public-key cryptography, which uses a pair of different keys (one public, one
private) that have a particular relationship to one another, such that any
message encrypted with one key can only be decrypted with the other key and
vice versa.. 173

Conclusion
The utility of any book depends upon its contents and simplicity. Let us sincerely
hope that, this book has given you some vital information about many useful
web sites, which you may not find in other books. Use these resources to get
ahead in life. Always remember that, you are the product of digital economy and
you have got the capacity to challenge the entire world.
If you find this book useful, simple and interesting recommend it to your friend.
Also give your comments on this book in the following address
GIJO K.V/ H.M. JADEJA
KATTUVETTIYIL
THRIKKARIYOOR P.O
KOTHAMANGALAM
KERALA
INDIA -686692
E-mail: gijo@operamail.com
Jadeja@operamail.com
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