Wind and Earthquake Load Analysis

Wind Load Calculation
Wind load was analyzed using the procedure of BS6399 Part 2 while assuming basic site wind
speed of 28.0m/s.
Wind load Analysis
Bs 6399:2
Basic wind speed=
Cl. 2.2.2.1
Site wind speed Vs= Vb Sa Sd Ss Sp
Cl. 2.2.2.2
Cl.2.2.2.3
Altitude factor Sa= 1+0.001s (assume

topography not significant)
s=1795m
Sa=1+0.00011795
=2.795
Direction factor :Sd=1.0 (assume orientation is unknown)
Cl. 2.2.2.4
Seasonal factor :Sd =1.0 (permanent building)
Cl. 2.2.2.5
Probability factor :Sp =1.0 (for design application)

Since the basic wind speed for Nairobi = 28m/s (site
altitude incorporated)
Site Wind Speed = 281.01.01.0
=28.0 m/s
Effective Wind Speed
Ve= Vs Sb
Cl. 2.2.3
Vb
Terrain and building factor Sb

Overall Building height above Foundation; H=48m
Obstructer height :Ho = unknown
Reference height Hr=42m
Cross wind breath =50.25m
Inwind depth =24.25m
Cl.1.7.3.3
Displacement height=0.8Ho
Effective height He =Hr = 42m
Table 4
Sb=
= 1.91
Ve =1.9128 = 53.48m/s
Cl. 2.1.2
Dynamic pressure = qs
qs=0.613Ve2
Cl.2.1.3.1
=0.613 x 53.482
=1753.3N/m2
=1.753kN/m2
Wind pressure
a) Pressure on external surface
Pe= qs Cpe Ca
Size effect factor Ca
Horizontal distance from grid 4 to 11 = 35m
Diagonal dimension a 42
35 54.67m
Figure 4
He= 42m
Using curve B: Ca=0.82
External measure coefficient Cpe
D/H= 24.25/42 0.577 1.0
D=24.25m
Table 5
+0.85
-0.5
B=50.25m
Plan
Table 5a
(Net overall pressure coefficient for

.
. 2.07 /
1.0) optional
Cpe= 1.2
Pe (front)
= 1.7530.850.82= +1.222kN/m2
Pe(rear) = 1.7530.82-0.5 = -0.72kN/m2

Cl.2.1.3.2
b) Internal surface pressure, Pi = qs CpiCa

'
'
a= 10 volume 10 3 ( 24.25 ( 50.25 154
Table 16
Ca= 0.72
Cpi = +0.2
or
-0.2
Figure 4
Pi1= 1.753(-0.3)0.82= -0.43kN/m2
Pi2=1.753 (+0.2)0.82= +0.287kN/m2
Net surface pressure P=Pe-Pi
= 1.222- -0.43
Pform(max)
=1.652kN/m2 max
Prear(max)
= -0.72-0.287
= -1.007km/m2
Cl.2.1.3.6
Overall load
Pp=0.85( Pform-Prear)1+Cr
Where Cr = dynamic augmentation factor
Table 1
Figure 3
Building type factor Kb = 1.0 (assuming open plan office)

Building height H=42m
Cr=0.04
Pp= 0.85 (1.652- -1.007) (1+0.04)A
=2.35kN/m2 A
=2.35A kN
Table 6
Friction Component, PF= qs Cf As Ca

Friction drag coefficient, Cf = 0.02
PF = 1.7530.020.82As
= 0.029 As kN
About the Weaker Axis of the Building;
A= (1550.25)+(640.25) +(930.25) +(1220.25) = 1510.5m2
and
As= (1524.25)+(2718.25) = 856.5m2
Pp= 2.351510.5 =3550 kN

Pf= 0.029856.5=24.8 kN
Total lateral load due to wind
P=Pp+Pf
= 3550+24.8
= 3574.8 kN
About the Stronger Axis of the Building;
A = (1524.25)+(2718.25) = 856.5m2
and
As = (1550.25)+(640.25) +(930.25) +(1220.25) = 1510.5m2
Pp= 2.35856.5 = 2012.8 kN
Pf= 0.0291510.5 =43.8 kN
Total lateral load due to wind
P=Pp+Pf
=2012.8+43.8
=2056.6 kN
Earthquake Analysis
(a) Storey Load Calculation (1.0 Gk+ 0.25 Qk)
(Un-factored Dead Load plus Permanent Live Load taken as 25% of Live Load)
i.
Upper Basement Level

Slab
Area = 1181.563 m2
Voids: Lifts cores = 35.175=15.525 m2
Service Ducts 1.5813 m2
Total Area of Voids 17.1 m2
Total Area of Slab (Less Voids) = 1164.46 m2
Total net dead weight = 1164.465.9 = 6870.3 kN
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.45 24 (4.72538) = 387.8 kN
600300 Beams = 0.3 0.45 24 (23.759+49.453) = 1173.2 kN
Total dead weight of Beams = 1561 kN
External Walling (Basement wall)
Total dead weight of walling= 0.25324148 =2664 kN
Lift core walls
Total dead weight of walling= 0.252.42421.25 =306 kN
Columns
Weight of Column C1 =
)

( 0.75 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 73.35 *+
Weight of Column C2/C2a =
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 65.15 *+
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 67.86 *+
Weight of Column C6 = 0.5 ( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 57.6 *+

Weight of Column C10/C10a = 0.4 ( 0.4 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 27.65 *+
Total dead weight of Columns = 492.27 kN
1.0 Gk = 6870.3+1561+2664+306+492.27 = 11893.6kN

Add 25% Live Load = 0.252.51164.46 = 727.8 kN
Total Storey Load, w = 12621.4 kN
ii.
Ground Floor Level

Slab
Area = 1181.563 m2
Total Area of Slab (Less Voids) = 1164.46 m2
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.45 24 (4.72538) = 387.8 kN
600300 Beams = 0.3 0.45 24 (23.759+49.453) = 1173.2 kN
Total dead weight of Beams = 1561 kN
External Walling
Total dead weight of walling= 0.22.422122.5 =1293.6 kN
Glazing
Total dead weight of glazing= 1.02.448.5 =116.4 kN
Lift core walls
Columns
)

( 0.75 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 73.35 *+
Weight of Column C2/C2a = 0.5 ( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 57.6*+

)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 67.86 *+
)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 36.64 *+

1.0 Gk = 6870.3+1561+1293.6+116.4+306+603.73 = 10751.03kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.2541164.46 = 1164.46 kN
iii.
Mezzanine Floor Level

Slab
Area = 1010 m2
Total Area of Slab (Less Voids) = 1010-17.1 = 992.9 m2
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.53 24 (211) = 536.84 kN
Total dead weight of Beams = 536.84 kN
External Walling
Glazing
Lift core walls

Columns
)

( 0.75 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 73.35 *+

)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 67.86 *+
)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 36.64 *+

1.0 Gk = 6811.3+536.84+1388.64+141.12+306+617.55 = 9801.45kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.253.5992.9 = 868.8 kN
iv.
Typical 1st- 4th Floor Level

Slab
Area = 1060 m2
Total Area of Slab (Less Voids) = 1060-17.1 =1042.9 m2
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.53 24 (197.6) = 502.7 kN

External Walling
Glazing
Lift core walls
Columns
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 48.86 *+

)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 54.97 *+
Weight of Column C6 =0.3 ( 0.3 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 20.74 *+

1.0 Gk = 7154.3+502.7+1388.64+116.4+306+550.45 = 10018.5kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.253.51042.9 = 912.5 kN
Total Storey Load, w = 10931 kN
v.
5th and 6th Floor Levels

Slab
Area = 688.5 m2

Total Area of Slab (Less Voids) = 688.5-17.1 =671.4 m2
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.53 24 (157) = 399.4 kN
External Walling
Glazing
Total dead weight of glazing= 1.02.436 =86.4 kN
Lift core walls
Columns
)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 48.86 *+

)

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+
)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 54.97 *+
Weight of Column C5/C5a =0.4 ( 0.4 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 55.3 *+

1.0 Gk = 4605.8+399.4+1051.8+86.4+306+350.78 = 6800.2kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.253.5671.4 = 587.5kN
Total Storey Load, w= 7387.68 kN
vi.
7th ,8th and 9th Floor Levels

Slab
Area = 455.3 m2
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.53 24 (120.5) = 306.55 kN
External Walling
Total dead weight of walling= 0.22.42271 =749.76 kN
Glazing
Lift core walls
Columns
)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 27.48 *+

)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 54.97*+
Weight of Column C4/C4a =0.4 ( 0.4 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 55.3 *+

1.0 Gk = 3006.1+306.55+749.76+62.4+306+190.2 = 4621kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.253.5438.2 = 383.43kN
vii.
Typical 10th ,11th and 12th Floor Levels

Slab
Area = 322.8 m2
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.53 24 (85.5) =217.5 kN
External Walling
Glazing
Lift core walls
Columns
)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 27.48 *+

)

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 54.97*+

1.0 Gk = 2097.1+217.5+438.24+62.4+306+134.9 = 3256.1kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.253.5305.7 = 267.5kN
viii.
Roof slab Level

Slab
Area = 322.8 m2
Voids: skylight = 7.87.8=60.84 m2
Total Area of Slab (Less Voids) = 322.8-60.841 =261 m2
Dead weight slab = 2615.8 = 1513.8 kN
Dead weight pressed steel tanks = 6515 = 975 kN
Dead weight skylight roof =60.840.45 = 27.38 kN
Total Dead weight =2516.2 kN
Beams
600200 Beams = 0.2 0.45 24 (12.5) =27 kN
600300 Beams = 0.3 0.45 24 (26) =84.24 kN
450200 Beams = 0.2 0.3 24 (78) =112.32 kN
450300 Beams = 0.3 0.3 24 (28) =60.48 kN
300200 gutter = 0.2 0.3 24 (67.6) =97.35 kN
External Walling (parapet)
1.0 Gk = 2516.2+381.4+407.9 = 3305.5kN
Add 25% Live Load = 0.250.25 261 = 16.3kN
Total weight W
=3321.8+ (3*3523.6) + (3*5004.43) + (2*7387.68) + (4*10931) +10670.25+11915.5+12621.4
= 122612.4 kN
(b) Earthquake load calculation

The procedure for calculation of the total base shear due to earthquakes and its distribution to
each floor is given herein below:
Total lateral force due to Earthquake, . / 0 1
Where, C= Earthquake coefficient
W = Total weight of Building used to calculate Earthquake
Earthquake Zone (Nairobi) = VII
Soil type = Soft ground
Building type = flexible
Number of storey, N =16
Using Table 2
From table 2 of the Kenyan code, C = 0.03
From above total weight W = 122612.4 kN
F = 0.03122612.4 = 3678.4 kN
Using Period of vibration of building
Height of building above base, H = 316 = 48m
Width of building in the x direction, D = 24.25m
Period of vibration, 2
.34

5
0.09 (
6
.
0.877
0.1N = 0.1 16 =1.6

take T = 1.6
C basic
.
8
.
'
9.:
0.04275
Table 3: coefficient of modification = 0.65

C value = 0.65 0.04275 = 0.0278 < 0.03
adopt C = 0.03 and F = 3678.4kN
NB:
Maximum Base shear due to Wind = 3574.8 kN

Maximum Base shear due to Earthquake = 3678.4kN
Design for Earthquake
(c) Earthquake Load Distribution Per Storey

The total lateral force (Base shear) due to Earthquake, F has been distributed as follows:
>?
5@
To the roof or top level: ;< 0.004.= A BC 0.15. DEFGEHIHC FJ KHJJ

Where hn = height of uppermost storey above base
= 48m
Ds = plan dimension of lateral system resisting the Earthquake forces at ground floor level
= 24.25m
F = Maximum Base shear due to Earthquake = 3678.4kN
6
A
.
;< 0.004 ( 3678.4=
57.65 *+
Balance = 3678.4-57.65 = 3620.75 kN

The Balance is distributed between storeys including the roof as follows:
;0
=. L ;<AD0. E0
?NO9 DF. EF
Where wx= proportion of load W apportioned to storey x

hx= height of storey x above base
hi = height of storey I above base
fx = the proportion of total earthquake load F at floor x
See the spreadsheet table below for the results.
Table below shows the distribution
Lateral Earthquake Force Distribution per Storey

wi
hi
wi*hi
Earthquake Force
storey
kN
kNm
Per storey, Fx (kN)
ROOF
3321.8
48
159446.4
298
12TH
3523.6
45
158562
239
11TH
3523.6
42
147991.2
223
10H
3523.6
39
137420.4
207
9TH
5004.43
36
180159.48
272
8TH
5004.43
33
165146.19
249
7TH
5004.43
30
150132.9
226
6TH
7387.68
27
199467.36
301
5TH
7387.68
24
177304.32
267
4TH
10931
21
229551
346
3RD
10931
18
196758
297
2ND
10931
15
163965
247
1ST
10931
12
131172
198
10670.25
96032.25
145
11915.5
71493
108
UB
12621.4
37864.2
57
2402465.7
3678
LB
122612.4
(d) Earthquake Load Distribution Per Frame

The distribution of
Stiffness calculations
In order to distribute the earthquake loading per floor to various frames based on their
respective stiffness, stiffness calculations of beams, columns and frames had to be done.
The building plan is symmetric, that is to say that the lateral loading on the structure is not
expected to cause major horizontal plane torque in addition to the transverse shear.
The total external lateral load per floor due to direct earthquake load was distributed to each
frame and shear walls in proportion of their shear rigidities (storey stiffness) at that floor level.
To establish the storey stiffness of columns, the following formula was used
Storey stiffness of frame, PN
J<F;;HJJ B; GBKQRJ JEHC DKKJ DF<EF <E< ;CRH =PS A

Storey stiffness of column, PS
G
12 T P
2
Centre of Shear Rigidity (Rotation) U W PF X Y

F
Determination of Storey Stiffness of Frames

Step 1: Stiffness of Beams
Stiffness of Beams along X-Axis
Level
U.BGround
Mezz-12th
Fl
Beam
Type
600300
Beam Dimensions
Depth
Width
(m)
(m)
Ixx
Iyy
Stiffness,KB(m)
(m)
(m)
KBxx
KByy
5.5
0.6
0.3
0.0054
0.00135
0.000982
0.000245
6.5
0.6
0.3
0.0054
0.00135
0.000831
0.000208
5.5
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.000655
7.27E-05
6.5
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.000554
6.15E-05
2.5
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.00144
0.00016
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.0009
0.0001
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.00072
0.00008
5.5
0.3
0.62
0.001395
0.005958
0.000254
0.001083
6.5
0.3
0.62
0.001395
0.005958
0.000215
0.000917
2.5
0.3
0.62
0.001395
0.005958
0.000558
0.002383
600300
6.5
0.6
0.3
0.0054
0.00135
0.000831
0.000208
450300
6.5
0.45
0.3
0.002278
0.001013
0.00035
0.000156
2.5
0.45
0.3
0.002278
0.001013
0.000911
0.000405
600200
300620
Roof Slab
Length
(m)
Stiffness of Beams along Z-Axis
Level
U.B-Ground
Mezz-12th
Fl
Roof Slab
Beam
Type
Beam Dimension
Ixx
Iyy
Stiffness(KB)
Length
(m)
Depth(m)
Width(m)
(m)
(m)
KBxx
600300
0.6
0.3
0.0054
0.00135
0.00108
0.00027
600200
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.00072
0.00008
2.5
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.00144
0.00016
300650
0.3
0.65
0.001463
0.006866
0.000293
0.001373
300870
0.3
0.87
0.001958
0.016463
0.000392
0.003293
600200
0.6
0.2
0.0036
0.0004
0.00072
0.00008
450300
0.45
0.3
0.002278
0.001013
0.000456
0.000203
450200
0.45
0.2
0.001519
0.0003
0.000304
0.00006
KByy
Step 2: Stiffness of Columns

Column Dimensions
Level
Column
Type
Lower Basement
to
Ground
Ground-1st Floor
Height
(m)
Depth
diamete
r
(m)
Widt
h
(m)
C1
0.75
C2/C2a
0.6
C3
0.75
C3a
0.6
C4/C4a
0.6
C5/C5a
0.5
C6
0.5
0.5
C9
0.3
0.3
C10/C10a
0.4
0.4
C1
0.75
C2/C2a
0.5
C3
0.75
0.5
Ixx
Iyy
Stiffness,KC(m)
(m)
0.01553
(m)
0.01553
KCxx
0.00518
KCzz
0.00518
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.01553
0.01553
0.00518
0.00518
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00307
0.00307
0.00102
0.00102
0.00521
0.00521
0.00174
0.00174
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.01553
0.01553
0.00518
0.00518
0.00521
0.00521
0.00174
0.00174
0.01553
0.01553
0.00518
0.00518
1 Floor
To
th
4 Floor
st
4th Floor
To
6th Floor
6th Floor- 9th

Floor
C3a
0.5
0.5
C4/C4a
0.6
C5/C5a
0.5
C6
0.45
C7/C7a
0.3
0.25
C8/C8a
0.3
0.2
C9
0.3
0.3
C10/C10a
0.4
0.4
C11
0.3
0.2
C1
0.6
C2/C2a
0.5
C3
0.6
C3a
0.5
C4/C4a
0.6
C5/C5a
0.45
C6
0.3
0.3
C7/C7a
0.3
0.25
C8/C8a
0.3
0.2
C9
0.3
0.3
C10/C10a
0.4
0.4
C1
0.6
C2/C2a
0.4
C3
0.6
C3a
0.4
C4/C4a
0.45
C5/C5a
0.4
0.4
C8/C8a
0.3
0.2
C9
0.3
0.3
C1
0.45
C2/C2a
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.00521
0.00521
0.00174
0.00174
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00307
0.00307
0.00102
0.00102
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00056
0.00039
0.00019
0.00013
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
0.00007
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
0.00007
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00521
0.00521
0.00174
0.00174
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00521
0.00521
0.00174
0.00174
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
0.00056
0.00039
0.00019
0.00013
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
0.00007
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00636
0.00636
0.00212
0.00212
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
0.00007
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
9th Floor- Roof
C3
0.45
C3a
0.4
0.4
C4/C4a
0.4
0.4
C8/C8a
0.3
0.2
C9
0.3
0.3
C1
0.45
C2/C2a
0.4
C3
0.45
C3a
0.4
0.4
C8/C8a
0.3
0.2
C9
0.3
0.3
Steps 3: Storey Stiffness of Frames

These were calculated using the following formula
i)
Ground floor
a) outer column
KBI
Z[9
K= Z\
.]Z
a = ]Z
b) inner column
KB1
KB2
K=
Z[9]Z[
Z\
.]Z
a = ]Z
KC
0.4
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
0.00007
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00201
0.00201
0.00067
0.00067
0.00213
0.00213
0.00071
0.00071
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
0.00007
0.00068
0.00068
0.00023
0.00023
ii)
upper floor
a) outer columns
KB1
K=
Z[9
Z\
Z
]Z
a =
KC
KB1
b) inner column
KB1
KB2
K=
Z[9]Z[
Z\
Z
a = ]Z
KB1
KC
KB2
iii)
Storey stiffness of column

=
9^_ZS
>
where
E = Modulus of elastically
h = storey height
Kc = stiffness of columns
KB = stiffness of beams
STEP 3: STOREY STIFFNESS OF FRAMES

STOREY
Frame
LEVEL
Upper
Basement
Floor
gridline
4
storey
height
h (m)
column
Type
column
stiffness
Kcx m)
Beam stiffness
KB (m)
KB (m)
storey stiffnes of
columns K1 in
muliples of E
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.01278
68.18133
0.97863
0.00024
C6
0.00174
0.01758
0.01405
18.22061
0.92582
0.00214
C6
0.00174
0.01405
0.01758
18.21888
0.92581
0.00214
C6
0.00174
0.01758
0.01278
17.48736
0.92303
0.00214
C7
0.00019
0.01278
0.00000
68.18133
0.97863
0.00024
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C5a
0.00102
0.00098
0.00083
1.77221
0.60235
0.00082
C5
0.00102
0.00083
0.00083
1.62302
0.58598
0.00080
C5a
0.00102
0.00083
0.00098
1.76968
0.60209
0.00082
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C4a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.47454
0.00134
C4
0.00212
0.00083
0.00083
0.78271
0.46096
0.00130
C4a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C3a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.47454
0.00134
C3
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.35361
0.00244
C3a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00180
9.60000
0.87069
0.00022
C9
0.00023
0.00180
0.00216
17.60000
0.92347
0.00028
C2a
0.00212
0.00216
0.00083
1.41017
0.56014
0.00158
C1
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.35361
0.00244
C2a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
storey stiffnes of
Frame Kf in
muliples of E
Fraction of
lateral load
Taken by frame
0.00691
0.1308
0.00284
0.0537
0.00438
0.0829
0.00552
0.1044
0.00606
0.1146
10
11
12
13
14
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00180
9.60000
0.87069
0.00022
C9
0.00023
0.00180
0.00216
17.60000
0.92347
0.00028
C2
0.00212
0.00216
0.00083
1.41017
0.56014
0.00158
C1
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.35361
0.00244
C2
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00180
9.60000
0.87069
0.00022
C9
0.00023
0.00180
0.00216
17.60000
0.92347
0.00028
C2a
0.00212
0.00216
0.00083
1.41017
0.56014
0.00158
C1
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.35361
0.00244
C2a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C3a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.47454
0.00134
C3
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.35361
0.00244
C3a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C4a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.47454
0.00134
C4
0.00212
0.00083
0.00083
0.78271
0.46096
0.00130
C4a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.47432
0.00134
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C5a
0.00102
0.00098
0.00083
1.77221
0.60235
0.00082
C5
0.00102
0.00083
0.00083
1.62302
0.58598
0.00080
C5a
0.00102
0.00083
0.00098
1.76968
0.60209
0.00082
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.79271
0.00020
C10a
0.00071
0.00098
0.00083
2.54895
0.67025
0.00064
C10
0.00071
0.00083
0.00083
2.33438
0.65393
0.00062
0.00606
0.1146
0.00606
0.1146
0.00552
0.1044
0.00438
0.0829
0.00284
0.0537
GROUND
Floor
C10a
0.00071
0.00083
0.00098
2.54531
0.66999
0.00064
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.79244
0.00020
Total storey
stiffness
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.01278
68.18133
0.97150
0.00024
C6
0.00174
0.01278
0.01758
17.48851
0.89738
0.00208
C6
0.00174
0.01758
0.01405
18.22061
0.90109
0.00209
C6
0.00174
0.01405
0.01758
18.21888
0.90108
0.00209
C6
0.00174
0.01758
0.01278
17.48736
0.89737
0.00208
C7
0.00019
0.01278
0.00000
68.18133
0.97150
0.00024
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C5a
0.00102
0.00098
0.00083
1.77221
0.46981
0.00064
C5
0.00102
0.00083
0.00083
1.62302
0.44797
0.00061
C5a
0.00102
0.00083
0.00098
1.76968
0.46945
0.00064
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C4a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.29939
0.00085
C4
0.00212
0.00083
0.00083
0.78271
0.28127
0.00080
C4a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C3a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.29939
0.00085
C3
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.13815
0.00095
C3a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00180
9.60000
0.82759
0.00021
C9
0.00023
0.00180
0.00216
17.60000
0.89796
0.00027
C2a
0.00212
0.00216
0.00083
1.41017
0.41352
0.00117
C1
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.13815
0.00095
C2a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
0.00229
0.0433
0.05286
0.00881
0.2328
0.00225
0.0595
0.00285
0.0753
0.00301
0.0795
10
11
12
13
14
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00180
9.60000
0.82759
0.00021
C9
0.00023
0.00180
0.00216
17.60000
0.89796
0.00027
C2
0.00212
0.00216
0.00083
1.41017
0.41352
0.00117
C1
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.13815
0.00095
C2
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00180
9.60000
0.82759
0.00021
C9
0.00023
0.00180
0.00216
17.60000
0.89796
0.00027
C2a
0.00212
0.00216
0.00083
1.41017
0.41352
0.00117
C1
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.13815
0.00095
C2a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C3a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.29939
0.00085
C3
0.00518
0.00083
0.00083
0.32060
0.13815
0.00095
C3a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C4a
0.00212
0.00098
0.00083
0.85465
0.29939
0.00085
C4
0.00212
0.00083
0.00083
0.78271
0.28127
0.00080
C4a
0.00212
0.00083
0.00098
0.85343
0.29909
0.00085
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C5a
0.00102
0.00098
0.00083
1.77221
0.46981
0.00064
C5
0.00102
0.00083
0.00083
1.62302
0.44797
0.00061
C5a
0.00102
0.00083
0.00098
1.76968
0.46945
0.00064
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
C7
0.00019
0.00000
0.00098
5.23636
0.72362
0.00018
C10a
0.00071
0.00098
0.00083
2.54895
0.56034
0.00053
0.00363
0.0958
0.00363
0.0958
0.00363
0.0958
0.00301
0.0795
0.00285
0.0753
0.00225
0.0595
C10
0.00071
0.00083
0.00083
2.33438
0.53857
0.00051
C10a
0.00071
0.00083
0.00098
2.54531
0.55999
0.00053
C7
0.00019
0.00098
0.00000
5.22667
0.72325
0.00018
0.00193
0.0511

Wind and Earthquake Load Analysis

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Wind and Earthquake Load Analysis

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Wind Load Calculation

Basic wind speed=

Site wind speed Vs= Vb Sa Sd Ss Sp

Altitude factor Sa= 1+0.001s (assume

Seasonal factor :Sd =1.0 (permanent building)

Probability factor :Sp =1.0 (for design application)

Terrain and building factor Sb

(Net overall pressure coefficient for

. 2.07 /

Pe(rear) = 1.7530.82-0.5 = -0.72kN/m2

b) Internal surface pressure, Pi = qs CpiCa

a= 10 volume 10 3 ( 24.25 ( 50.25 154

Building type factor Kb = 1.0 (assuming open plan office)

Friction Component, PF= qs Cf As Ca

Pp= 2.351510.5 =3550 kN

Upper Basement Level

( 0.75 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 73.35 *+

Weight of Column C2/C2a =

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 65.15 *+

Weight of Column C3/C3a =

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C4/C4a =

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C5/C5a =

( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 67.86 *+

Weight of Column C6 = 0.5 ( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 57.6 *+

Total dead weight of Columns = 492.27 kN

1.0 Gk = 6870.3+1561+2664+306+492.27 = 11893.6kN

Ground Floor Level

( 0.75 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 73.35 *+

Weight of Column C2/C2a = 0.5 ( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 57.6*+

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C4/C4a =

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C5/C5a =

( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 67.86 *+

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 36.64 *+

Weight of Column C7/C7a = 0.3 ( 0.25 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 30 129.6 *+

Mezzanine Floor Level

Lift core walls

( 0.75 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 73.35 *+

Weight of Column C2/C2a = 0.5 ( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 57.6*+

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C4/C4a =

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C5/C5a =

( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 67.86 *+

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 36.64 *+

Weight of Column C7/C7a = 0.3 ( 0.25 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 30 129.6 *+

Typical 1st- 4th Floor Level

600200 Beams = 0.2 0.53 24 (197.6) = 502.7 kN

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 48.86 *+

Weight of Column C2/C2a = 0.5 ( 0.5 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 57.6*+

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C4/C4a =

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

Weight of Column C5/C5a =

( 0.45 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 54.97 *+

Weight of Column C6 =0.3 ( 0.3 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 20.74 *+

5th and 6th Floor Levels

Service Ducts 1.5813 m2

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 3 48.86 *+

Weight of Column C2/C2a = 0.4 ( 0.4 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 4 36.86*+

( 0.6 ( 2.4 ( 24 ( 6 97.73 *+

. 2.07 /

To the roof or top level: ;< 0.004.= A BC 0.15. DEFGEHIHC FJ KHJJ

J<F;;HJJ B; GBKQRJ JEHC DKKJ DF<EF <E< ;CRH =PS A