HYPOTHESIS/RESEARCH QUESTION

Research question.
A research question is the question that the research project sets out to answer.
In actual fact, a research study may set out to answer several questions.
The methodology used for that study, and the tools used to conduct the research, all depend upon the
research questions being asked.
For example, in the example of a qualitative research study, the following two research questions that
underpin the study, and also needed to be answered by the study, are shown in the box below.

There are two research questions that will need to be answered by this phase of the research.
These are:

'Are the perceived needs of the patients and users of South Bedfordshire's palliative care services
being met?'

'If not, what needs to be done if these needs are to be met in the future?'

The first question can be answered by a quantitative study, whereas the second one may require a qualitative
study to answer it.
Research questions can therefore be used in quantitative and qualitative research studies.
Hypothesis (plural = hypotheses)
A hypothesis is not a question, but rather it is a statement about the relationship between two or more
variables.
So, for example, the first question above could become a hypothesis by making this a statement rather than a
question, namely:
The perceived needs of the patient and users of South Bedfordshire's palliative care services are being met.
To be complete a hypothesis must include three components:

The variables

The population

The relationship between the variables

As you can see, the hypothesis translates the research question into a prediction of expected outcomes.

A hypothesis is the tool of quantitative studies, and is only found in such studies.
In fact, a hypothesis is usually only found in experimental quantitative research studies.
You will be able to find out more about hypothesese when we look at them in more detail later in the
session.
Objectives
Sometimes, a research proposal will detail objectives.

Objectives are another way of detailing the purpose of a study.

They are set by the researcher to explain in detail what the study is expected to achieve

For example, Dealey (1991), cited by Parahoo (1997:125), carried out a survey to find out the size of the
pressure sore problem in a teaching hospital and set the following objectives for the study:

To identify the numbers of patients with pressure sores

To identify the grade and position of the sores

To discover the treatments being used

To discover if the sores were improving, deteriorating or static

To discover when the sores had occurred, i.e. prior to admission or on the ward

To list any support systems in use

To identify the degree of risk of pressure sore development of all patients in the hospital

To identify any factors which are of particular relevance to tissue breakdown.

RESEARCH QUESTION/HYPOTHESIS
If you are unsure as to what these terms mean, then make sure that you read chapter 3 (Developing the
question) in the book that accompanies this web program.
Research Question or Hypothesis?
Does your proposed research need a research question or a hypothesis?
Let us start with a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a tentative statement predicting a particular relationship between two or more variables.
If you want to know whether or not your study requires a hypothesis, ask yourself these questions:

Are you undertaking a quantitative study?

Does your study take an experimental approach to answer questions?

Are you making a prediction about the phenomenon being studied?

If your answer to these questions is 'yes', then you will need a hypothesis, but if it is 'no' then you will need a
research question.
This is because a hypothesis is a statement that is tested by experiment(s) to confirm or deny the
phenomenon.
However, as you found out in chapter 3, the statement needs to be stated explicitly and must be written so
that it does not read as a conclusion - for example, 'The levels of pain experienced by infants aged 1-3
years undergoing an intravenous injection is reduced when parents are present.'
Turning now to a research question, if you are incorporating a research question rather than a hypothesis,
then remember that some of the important features of a good question are that the question or problem
should be:

about one issue;

clear and concise;

addresses an important, controversial and/or an unresolved issue;

feasible to undertake within a specified timeframe;

adequately resourced.

These features above are also important for a hypothesis, and many hypotheses initially start as a question
which is then 'turned on its head' to become a statement - for example, the hypothesis above may have
originally been written as a question, i.e. 'Are the levels of pain experienced by infants aged 1-3
years undergoing an intravenous injection reduced when parents are present?'
For further information on whether you need to use a research question or a hypothesis, click on the hyper
link below:
questions/hypothesis?

TO DO
Think about the research that you are proposing to undertake. Does it require a research question or a
hypothesis? To help you, click on the icons below to look at the research question and hypothesis in the two
examples we are using as guides.
Y
9

RESEARCH QUESTION/HYPOTHESIS
If you are unsure as to what these terms mean, then make sure that you read chapter 3 (Developing the
research question) in the book that accompanies this web program as well as clicking on the hyperlink
below:
question or hypothesis
Reflection
Why is it important to work out your research question - at least in draft form - as early as possible?

Well, there are several reasons, for example:

It will probably define and focus your literature research.

It will certainly decide for you the methodology that you will be using to underpin your research.

It will save you a lot of time because you can become more focused on what exactly it is that you
want to look at.

To do
In your own words, try to write down what you feel are the advantages of defining and focusing your
literature search (you may want to look again at Chapter 4 - searching and reviewing the literature)
Suggestions

SUGGESTIONS FOR FOCUSING YOUR LITERATURE SEARCH

These are just two of the suggestions that you might have thought of:

You can narrow your search to journals that are specific to your research question.

You will have less journals and research papers to access, so you can easily concentrate on the more
relevant and important ones
VARIABLES

Variables are:
'qualities, properties, and or characteristics of persons, things, or situations that change or vary, and that can
be manipulated, measured, or controlled in a research study.' (Burns & Groves 2005:755)
There are different types of variables, namely:

dependent variables;

independent variables.

A dependent variable is the response, the behaviour, or the outcome that is predicted and measured in
research.
Changes in the dependent variable are presumed to be caused by the independent variables.
An independent variable is the treatment, the intervention, or the experimental activity that is manipulated or
varied by the researcher during the research study in order to create an effect (i.e. change) on the dependent
variable.
POPULATIONS

A population is what we call the entire group of individuals or elements who meet the sampling
criteria.

A sample is representative of that population.

So if we were interested in looking at the number of childhood cancers in 2006 in the United
Kingdom (i.e. population), we obviously could not survey the entire population of children with
cancer in that year who live in the United Kingdom, and so consequently we would look at a smaller
sample taken from all the children with cancer in 2006 who live in the United Kingdom.

The individual units of a population are what we call the elements.

Now an element can be anything that we are studying, for example it could be a person, an event,
their behaviour, or indeed any other single unit of a study.

However, when elements are actually human beings, then rather than calling them elements, we call
them subjects.

So, in most nursing research, the population will be made up of human subjects.

However, do remember that an element can be anything that we are studying.

RELATIONSHIP

This means the relationship between one variable and another, for example, smoking and lung cancer.

SOURCE/S OF DATA
Primary and Secondary Sources and Triangulation

Researchers need to consider the sources on which to base and confirm their research and findings. They have a choice between primary
data and secondary sources and the use of both, which is termed triangulation, or dual methodology.
Primary data is the data collected by the researcher themselves, i.e.
1.

interview

2.

observation

3.

action research

4.

case studies

5.

life histories

6.

questionnaires

7.

ethnographic research

8.

longitudinal studies

Secondary sources are data that already exists

1.

Previous research

2.

Official statistics

3.

Mass media products

4.

Diaries

5.

Letters

6.

Government reports

7.

Web information

8.

Historical data and information

Data Collection Instruments

Quantitative and Qualitative Data collection methods
The Quantitative data collection methods, rely on random sampling and structured data collection
instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories. They produce results that
are easy to summarize, compare, and generalize.
Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to estimate
the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending on the research question, participants may be randomly
assigned to different treatments. If this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on participant and
situational characteristics in order to statistically control for their influence on the dependent, or outcome,
variable. If the intent is to generalize from the research participants to a larger population, the researcher will
employ probability sampling to select participants.
Typical quantitative data gathering strategies include:

Experiments/clinical trials.

Observing and recording well-defined events (e.g., counting the number of patients waiting in
emergency at specified times of the day).

Obtaining relevant data from management information systems.

Administering surveys with closed-ended questions (e.g., face-to face and telephone interviews,
questionnaires etc).(http://www.achrn.org/quantitative_methods.htm)

Interviews
In Quantitative research(survey research),interviews are more structured than in
Qualitative research
In a structured interview,the researcher asks a standard set of questions and nothing more.(Leedy and
Ormrod, 2001)
Face -to -face interviews have a distinct advantage of enabling the researcher to establish rapport with
potential partiocipants and therefor gain their cooperation.These interviews yield highest response rates in
survey research.They also allow the researcher to clarify ambiguous answers and when appropriate, seek
follow-up information. Disadvantages include impractical when large samples are involved time consuming
and expensive.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Telephone interviews are less time consuming and less expensive and the researcher has ready access to
anyone on the planet who hasa telephone.Disadvantages are that the response rate is not as high as the faceto- face interview but cosiderably higher than the mailed questionnaire.The sample may be biased to the
extent that people without phones are part of the population about whom the researcher wants to draw
inferences.
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI): is a form of personal interviewing, but instead of
completing a questionnaire, the interviewer brings along a laptop or hand-held computer to enter the
information directly into the database. This method saves time involved in processing the data, as well as
saving the interviewer from carrying around hundreds of questionnaires. However, this type of data
collection method can be expensive to set up and requires that interviewers have computer and typing skills.
Questionnaires
Paper-pencil-questionnaires can be sent to a large number of people and saves the researcher time and
money.People are more truthful while responding to the questionnaires regarding controversial issues in
particular due to the fact that their responses are anonymous. But they also have drawbacks.Majority of the
people who receive questionnaires don't return them and those who do might not be representative of the
originally selected sample.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Web based questionnaires : A new and inevitably growing methodology is the use of Internet based
research. This would mean receiving an e-mail on which you would click on an address that would take you
to a secure web-site to fill in a questionnaire. This type of research is often quicker and less detailed.Some
disadvantages of this method include the exclusion of people who do not have a computer or are unable to
access a computer.Also the validity of such surveys are in question as people might be in a hurry to complete

it and so might not give accurate responses.

(http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/power/ch2/methods/methods.htm)
Questionnaires often make use of Checklist and rating scales.These devices help simplify and quantify
people's behaviors and attitudes.A checklist is a list of behaviors,characteristics,or other entities that te
researcher is looking for.Either the researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on the
list is observed, present or true or vice versa.A rating scale is more useful when a behavior needs to be
evaluated on a continuum.They are also known as Likert scales. (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Qualitative data collection methods play an important role in impact evaluation by providing information
useful to understand the processes behind observed results and assess changes in peoples perceptions of
their well-being.Furthermore qualitative methods can beused to improve the quality of survey-based
quantitative evaluations by helping generate evaluation hypothesis; strengthening the design of survey
questionnaires and expanding or clarifying quantitative evaluation findings. These methods are characterized
by the following attributes:

they tend to be open-ended and have less structured protocols (i.e., researchers may change the data
collection strategy by adding, refining, or dropping techniques or informants)

they rely more heavily on iteractive interviews; respondents may be interviewed several times to
follow up on a particular issue, clarify concepts or check the reliability of data

they use triangulation to increase the credibility of their findings (i.e., researchers rely on multiple
data collection methods to check the authenticity of their results)

generally their findings are not generalizable to any specific population, rather each case study
produces a single piece of evidence that can be used to seek general patterns among different studies
of the same issue

Regardless of the kinds of data involved,data collection in a qualitative study takes a great deal of time.The
researcher needs to record any potentially useful data thououghly,accurately, and systematically,using field
notes,sketches,audiotapes,photographs and other suitable means.The data collection methods must observe
the ethical principles of research.
The qualitative methods most commonly used in evaluation can be classified in three broad categories:

indepth interview

observation methods

document review

POPULATIONS AND SAMPLING

Populations
Definition - a complete set of elements (persons or objects) that possess some
common characteristic defined by the sampling criteria established by the
researcher

Composed of two groups - target population & accessible population

Target population (universe)

The entire group of people or objects to which the researcher

wishes to generalize the study findings

Meet set of criteria of interest to researcher

Examples

All institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer's

All people with AIDS

All low birth weight infants

All school-age children with asthma

All pregnant teens

Accessible population

the portion of the population to which the researcher has

reasonable access; may be a subset of the target population

May be limited to region, state, city, county, or institution

Examples

All institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer's in St. Louis

county nursing homes

All people with AIDS in the metropolitan St. Louis area

All low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal

ICUs in St. Louis city & county

All school-age children with asthma treated in pediatric

asthma clinics in university-affiliated medical centers in
the Midwest

All pregnant teens in the state of Missouri

Samples
Terminology used to describe samples and sampling methods

Sample = the selected elements (people or objects) chosen for

participation in a study; people are referred to as subjects or
participants

Sampling = the process of selecting a group of people, events, behaviors,

or other elements with which to conduct a study

Sampling frame = a list of all the elements in the population from which
the sample is drawn

Could be extremely large if population is national or

international in nature

Frame is needed so that everyone in the population is identified

so they will have an equal opportunity for selection as a subject
(element)

Examples

A list of all institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer's in

St. Louis county nursing homes affiliated with BJC

A list of all people with AIDS in the metropolitan St.

Louis area who are members of the St. Louis Effort for
AIDS

A list of all low birth weight infants admitted to the

neonatal ICUs in St. Louis city & county in 1998

A list of all school-age children with asthma treated in

pediatric asthma clinics in university-affiliated medical
centers in the Midwest

A list of all pregnant teens in the Henderson school

district

Randomization = each individual in the population has an equal

opportunity to be selected for the sample

Representativeness = sample must be as much like the population in as

many ways as possible

Sample reflects the characteristics of the population, so those

sample findings can be generalized to the population

Most effective way to achieve representativeness is through

randomization; random selection or random assignment

Parameter = a numerical value or measure of a characteristic of the

population; remember P for parameter & population

Statistic = numerical value or measure of a characteristic of the

sample;remember S for sample & statistic

Precision = the accuracy with which the population parameters have

been estimated; remember that population parameters often are based on
the sample statistics

Types of Sampling Methods - probability & non-probability

Probability Sampling Methods

Also called random sampling

Every element (member) of the population has a probability

greater than) of being selected for the sample

Everyone in the population has equal opportunity for selection as

a subject

Increases sample's representativeness of the population

Decreases sampling error and sampling bias

Types of probability sampling - see table in course materials for details

Simple random

Elements selected at random

Assign each element a number

Select elements for study by:

1. Using a table of random numbers in book

A table displaying hundreds of digits from 0 to 9

set up in such a way that each number is equally
likely to follow any other

See text for random sampling details & table of

random numbers
Computer generated random numbers table
Draw numbers for box (hat)
Bingo #=s
Stratified random

Population is divided into subgroups, called strata, according

to some variable or variables in importance to the study

Variables often used include: age, gender, ethnic origin, SES,

diagnosis, geographic region, institution, or type of care

Two approaches to stratification - proportional &

disproportional

Proportional

Subgroup sample sizes equal the proportions of

the subgroup in the population

Example: A high school population has

15% seniors

25% juniors

25% sophomores

35% freshmen

With proportional sample the sample has

the same proportions as the population

Disproportional

Subgroup sample sizes are not equal to the

proportion of the subgroup in the population

Example

Class

Population

Sample

Seniors

15%

25%

Juniors

25%

25%

Sophomores

25%

25%

Freshmen

35%

25%

With disproportional sample the sampledoes

not have the same proportions as the
population

Cluster random sampling

A random sampling process that involves stages of sampling

The population is first listed by clusters or categories

Procedure

Randomly select 1 or more clusters and take all of their

elements (single stage cluster sampling); e.g. Midwest
region of the US

Or, in a second stage randomly select clusters from the

first stage of clusters; eg 3 states within the Midwest
region

In a third stage, randomly select elements from the

second stage of clusters; e.g. 30 county health dept.
nursing administrators from each state

Systematic

A random sampling process in which every kth (e.g. every 5th

element) or member of the population is selected for the
sample after a random start is determined

Example

Population (N) = 2000, sample size (n) = 50, k=N/n, so k

= 2000 ) 50 = 40

Use a table of random numbers to determine the starting

point for selecting every 40th subject

With list of the 2000 subjects in the sampling frame, go

to the starting point, and select every 40th name on the
list until the sample size is reached. Probably will have to
return to the beginning of the list to complete the
selection of the sample.

Time Frame for Studying the Sample

See design notes on longitudinal & cross-sectional studies

Longitudinal

Cross-sectional

Sample Size

General rule - as large as possible to increase the representativeness of the sample

Increased size decreases sampling error

Relatively small samples in qualitative, exploratory, case studies, experimental

and quasi-experimental studies

Descriptive studies need large samples; e.g. 10 subjects for each item on the
questionnaire or interview guide

As the number of variables studied increases, the sample size also needs to
increase in order to detect significant relationships or differences

A minimum of 30 subjects is needed for use of the central limit theorem (statistics
based on the mean)

Large samples are needed if:

There are many uncontrolled variables

Small differences are expected in the sample/population on variables of

interest

The sample is divided into subgroups

Dropout rate (mortality) is expected to be high

Statistical tests used require minimum sample or subgroup size

Sampling Error and Sampling Bias

Sampling error = The difference between the sample statistic (e.g. sample mean)
and the population parameter (e.g. population mean) that is due to the random
fluctuations in data that occur when the sample is selected

Sampling bias

Also called systematic bias or systematic variance

The difference between sample data and population data that can be
attributed to faulty sampling of the population

Consequence of selecting subjects whose characteristics (scores) are

different in some way from the population they are suppose to represent

This usually occurs when randomization is not used

Randomization Procedures in Research

Randomization = each individual in the population has an equal opportunity to

be selected for the sample

Random selection = from all people who meet the inclusion criteria, a sample is

randomly chosen

Random assignment

The assignment of subjects to treatment conditions in a random

manner.

It has no bearing on how the subjects participating in an experiment are

initially selected.

See Polit & Hungler, pg. 160-162 for random assignment to groups and
group random assignment to tx. using a random numbers table

Determining Sample Size: How to Ensure You Get the Correct

Sample Size
How many responses do you really need? This simple question is a never-ending quandary for researchers.
A larger sample can yield more accurate results but excessive responses can be pricey.
Consequential research requires an understanding of the statistics that drive sample size decisions. A simple
equation will help you put the migraine pills away and sample confidently.
Before you can calculate a sample size, you need to determine a few things about the target population and
the sample you need:
1. Population Size How many total people fit your demographic? For instance, if you want to know
about mothers living in the US, your population size would be the total number of mothers living in
the US. Dont worry if you are unsure about this number. It is common for the population to be
unknown or approximated.
2. Margin of Error (Confidence Interval) No sample will be perfect, so you need to decide how
much error to allow. The confidence interval determines how much higher or lower than the
population mean you are willing to let your sample mean fall. If youve ever seen a political poll on
the news, youve seen a confidence interval. It will look something like this: 68% of voters said yes
to Proposition Z, with a margin of error of +/- 5%.

3. Confidence Level How confident do you want to be that the actual mean falls within your
confidence interval? The most common confidence intervals are 90% confident, 95% confident, and
99% confident.
4. Standard of Deviation How much variance do you expect in your responses? Since we havent
actually administered our survey yet, the safe decision is to use .5 this is the most forgiving number
and ensures that your sample will be large enough.
Okay, now that we have these values defined, we can calculate our needed sample size.
Your confidence level corresponds to a Z-score. This is a constant value needed for this equation. Here are
the z-scores for the most common confidence levels:

90% Z Score = 1.645

95% Z Score = 1.96

99% Z Score = 2.576

If you choose a different confidence level, use this Z-score table* to find your score.
Next, plug in your Z-score, Standard of Deviation, and confidence interval into this equation:**
Necessary Sample Size = (Z-score) * StdDev*(1-StdDev) / (margin of error)
Here is how the math works assuming you chose a 95% confidence level, .5 standard deviation, and a
margin of error (confidence interval) of +/- 5%.
((1.96) x .5(.5)) / (.05)
(3.8416 x .25) / .0025
.9604 / .0025
384.16
385 respondents are needed

Bank of India

About Bank of India (BOI)

Bank of India was initially a private owned bank, when in it was established in the year 1906
on 7th September. After almost 63 years from its establishment, in the month of July, 1969,
this Indian bank was transformed into a nationalized bank. Starting its operation with just 50
employees in a Mumbai based office, this bank has grown rapidly over these years. Presently,
it has got a strong national as well as sizable international presence and is considered to be
one of the premier nationalized banks in India. Apart from 3, 752 branches With more than

800,000 machines worldwide, ATMs have made hard cash just seconds away all throughout
the day at every corner of the globe. Bank in India has even got one joint venture and three
subsidiaries abroad.
The bank has 65 branches in Coimbatore Zone and all these branches were fully
computerized. Of these 35 were connected to the 750 branches located in different parts of
the country.
Bank of India opened an ATM at its Kurichi Industrial Estate branch premises. This is the third
ATM of the bank in the city.
The bank has started introducing Biometric Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) as it seems to
be an effective way of preventing PIN theft and is also a channel to expand a banks reach to
the rural & illiterate masses, according to Banknet Indias Report on Indian ATMs.
Its international footprints located in London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, Singapore and Hong
Kong accounts for approximately 17.82 % of B. O. I.s total business. This was the first bank
from India to establish a foreign branch in 1946 in London and in 1974 at Paris in Europe. This
Indian bank is associated with B. S. E. (Bombay Stock Exchange) since the year 1921.
Products and Services of Bank of India
In spite of being a public sector bank, this bank has got all kinds of products and services,
which one can get in a modern bank. With their firm adherence to the policy of caution and
prudence, they have been one of the leaders in introducing different kinds of innovative
banking services and solutions. Following are the different services offered by B. O. I. in India:
Ancillary Services
Some of the popular supplementary services offered by the bank are as follows:

Depository Services

Gold Coin (New)

Insurance (Domestic travel, health, education etc.)

Mutual Fund

Remittance

Safe Custody

Safe Deposit Locker

Star Cash Management Service

Cards
Apart from the normal credit or debit cards, this bank even offers valued visa or master cards
to its worldwide customers. The names of some of the cards offered by this Indian bank are
given below:

Bank of India Master Card

Bank of India VISA Card

Gift Card

Platinum Debit Card

VISA Electron

Deposit Schemes
This bank offers varied types of deposit schemes like savings accounts, current accounts,
salary accounts, fixed deposits, term deposits, recurring deposits, double benefit deposits,
income certificates (Both quarterly and monthly) and many more. To name a few of these
products are:

Jai Jawan Salary Plus Accounts (New)

Star Benefit C. D. Plus Accounts

Star Diamond Savings Account

Star Flexi Recurring Deposit Scheme

Star Power Salary Account

Star Sunidhi Tax Saving Deposit Scheme

Star Suraksha S. B. Plus Account

Bank of India Loans

The following are the names of the loans provided by the different branches of B. O. I. located
all over the country:
Satr Autofin
The Scheme provides loan for purchasing 2/4 wheeler vehicles (like car, scooter, motorcycle
etc.). Maximum amount of loan is ` 25 lacs, depending upon cost of vehicle & income of
proponent, at attractive rates of interest and easy repayment plans.
Star Educational Loan
The Educational Loan Scheme aims at providing financial support from the bank to deserving/
meritorious students for pursuing higher education in India and abroad.
Star Holiday Loan
To meet the expenses (like airfare/Train/Bus charges, expenses for accommodation, sight
seeing, etc.) for going for pilgrimage/tours/excursions etc. undertaken/to be undertaken by
Self/spouse/children/ parents/family members/close relatives of proponent within India or
abroad.

Star Home Loan

This type of Bank of India Loans provides loans to purchase a Plot for construction of a House,
to purchase/construct house/flat, as well as for renovation/repair/alteration/addition to
house/flat, furnishing of house, Takeover of customer's Housing Loan extended by other
Banks/F.Is /NBFCs at highly flexible and liberal terms and conditions.

Star I. P. O.
To subscribe to Initial Public Offerings ( IPO ) including through book-building.
Star Mortgage Loan
This scheme provides loan/overdraft facility against mortgage of property at low rate of
interest. The scheme is for people engaged in trade, commerce & business and also
professionals & self employed, Prop. Firm, partnership firm, companies, NRIs and individuals
with high net worth including salaried people, agriculturists and staff members. The product
provides an opportunity to customers to borrow against a fixed asset (mortgage of property)
at a short notice without much paper work/attendant hassles.
Star Mitra Personal Loan
The objective of this type of Bank of India Loans is to help Physically Challenged persons to
function independently and the purpose is to purchase durable and sophisticated aids /
appliances that promote their physical and social rehabilitation.
Star Pensioner Loan Scheme
The target Customers of this type of Bank of India Loans are the Regular Pensioners or Family
Pensioners drawing regular monthly pension through the branch and the eligibility is retired
employees (other than dismissed/compulsorily retired).
Bank Of India Personal Loans

Star Personal Loan :

Under the Bank of India Personal Loan system the Star Personal Loan Scheme provides loans
to meet various Personal requirements of customers and their family.
Bank offers loans for marriage expenses, medical expenses, educational expenses, purchase
of consumer durables etc. Maximum quantum of advance is Rs.10.00 lakhs, depending upon
the income, with very attractive interest rate and easy repayment plan.

Star Mitra Personal Loan

(A SPECIAL LOAN SCHEME FOR THE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED)

Under this scheme of the Bank Of India Personal Loan system the following are
stated:

Objective :To help Physically Challenged persons to function independently.

Purpose :To purchase durable and sophisticated aids / appliances that promote their
physical and social rehabilitation.

Eligibility : All Physically Challenged Individuals-both salaried and self-employed,All

Physically Challenged Minors through their Parents/Legal Guardians.(No advances to
middle-men and NGOs).

Type of Advance :Demand / Term Loan - Secured.

Amount :Max. ` 1 lac (No minimum stipulation).

Eligible Amount : 10 times of net salary for salaried persons and 50% of net annual
income as per latest Income Tax Return for Self-employed/Professionals.Net take home
income should not be less than 40% after availing this loan. (In case of Minors, the
income of the Parents/Legal Guardians would be the deciding criteria for eligibility).

Margin :10%

Repayment :12 to 60 months,commencing one month after full disbursement/three

months after first disbursement, whichever is earlier.

Rate of Interest : At 9% p.a.(Fixed Rate compounded monthly, on daily reducing

balance basis).

Security :Hypothecation of the Equipment purchased out of Bank Finance

Insurance : Waived. However, borrower is advised to obtain insurance at his own cost.

Processing Charges : Waived.

Other Terms and Conditions :

1. Doctor's Certificate to be obtained regarding the extent of handicap and the need for the
equipment.
2. Quotation/Invoice in respect of the equipment to be purchased.
3. Stamped receipt to be submitted after purchase of the equipment.
Bank Of India Home Loans
Bank Of India Home Loans system is quite varied. There are various types of Loans that are
provided by the Bank of India.
Star Home Loans

Provides loans to purchase a Plot for construction of a House, to purchase/construct

house/flat, as well as for renovation/repair/alteration/addition to house/flat, furnishing
of house, Takeover of customer's housing loan extended by other Banks/F.Is /NBFCs at
highly flexible and liberal terms and conditions.

Under the Bank Of India Home Loans services the maximum loan amount is ` 300 lacs
and repayment ranges up to 20 years, with a very reasonable margin and nominal
processing charges. No commitment /administrative charges.

The Home Loans are provided at very Competitive Rates Of Interest, currently available
in the industry.

In the Bank Of India Home Loans system there are options for different EMI amounts for
different periods during tenure of loan to suit the customers' repayment capacities.
Prepayment of Loan permitted

Option for Floating as well as Fixed Rate of Interest.

Interest is calculated on daily balance basis which is of great advantage to customer as

it results in lower interest amount.

Home Loans are given to NRIs as well as Persons of Indian Origin.

Simplified application form/procedures for convenience of customers, and speedy

approvals.

Free Personal Accident Insurance Cover

Life Insurance Cover to borrowers for Loan Protection(optional)

The Bank's corporate personality and philosophy are fully reflected in the emblem, which is a
five-pronged Star a harmonious blend of traditional and the functional. The elongated prong
pointing upwards, conveys the Bank's drive to achieve ascending goals. The Star is a beacon
and guide to those in need of direction.
N.R.I. Banking of BOI
Besides the different deposit schemes for N. R. I.s, this bank in India offers varied other types
of international banking services, some of which are mentioned below:

F. C. N. R. (Foreign Currency Non-resident) Accounts

Forex Card

Integrated Treasury

N. R. E. (Non-resident External) Accounts

Star e-Remit

NRI Deposit Schemes:

Non Resident Indians (NRIs) have a choice of two schemes for depositing their savings with
Bank of India, which are:

Foreign Currency Non Resident (FCNR) Accounts

Non-Resident External (NRE) Accounts

NRI -Yield Enhancing Scheme:

BOI provides Yield Enhancing Schemes For NRIs at their Overseas Branches.
Foreign Currency Deposit Schemes:

Eligible Depositors: All individual Indian Residents will be allowed to open such
account. However, the facility will not be available to corporate/partnership firm/trusts,
HUF etc. registered / based in India.

Currency of the account: Account will be maintained in GBP, USD and EURO
Currencies.

Nature of Account: Fixed Deposit for a period of 1 month (minimum) 3 months, 6

months and 1 year (maximum).

Minimum amount of Deposit:Minimum amount of deposit will be as follows : USD 5000/- GBP - 5000/- Euro 5000/-.

How Can A Open an NRI Account?

The easiest way of Opening An Account For an NRI would be to contact the nearest branch of
Bank of India who would gladly assist in fulfilling the required formalities and opening an
account. If Bank of India branch is away, then following documents may be sent to the branch
where account is desired to be opened :

Account may be introduced by an existing customer of the branch or may be verified by

present banker or by Embassy Officials abroad.

Copies of important pages of passport (containing name, signature, birth-date, place/

date of issue, expiry date etc) duly authenticated by Notary Public/ Officials of Indian
Embassy.

Two passport size photographs with signatures on reverse

Remittance for opening an account.

Online Services
The different kinds of online services offered by B. O. I. are as follows:

Bill Payment

Fund Transfer (Inter-bank)

Internet Banking

Mobile Banking

Share Trading

Tax Payment

Ticket Booking

Bank Of India USA

Bank Of India is a premier and one of the oldest Commercial Banks In India, with presence all
over India as also in the world. The Bank was established in September 1906 and has been
maintaining a position of pride among the top 5 commercial banks in the country. Today the
Bank has over 2594 branches spread all over India and 23 branches/offices overseas - in 10
countries, spanning all time zones.
The Bank Of India USA branches, New York Branch and San Francisco Agency have been
operating in the USA since December 1978 and December 1977 respectively. Bank Of India
has been established in 1906 and is headquartered in Mumbai (Bombay), India with global
assets of about USD 22 Billion.
It has a network of over 2524 branches spread over the length and breadth of India . Besides
this, Bank Of India has branches in international commercial centers like London, Tokyo,
Singapore, Hong Kong, Paris, etc. and is well-versed in international trade.
The BOI USA branches, New York and San Francisco have a team of banking professionals who
come from different parts of India. These officers are very well-versed with the intricacies of
India-Related Trade and having had adequate exposure in US, are familiar, confident, and
comfortable, Doing Business The American Way. Since they have good rapport with key
personnel in the Banking Sector In India, Bank Of India is in a position, unlike any other
international bank here, to move things in India, should there be snags for any reason.
Services available at the San Francisco Agency to Send Money In India:
Export/Import Trade Services

Import/Export Bills for Collection

Standby & Commercial Letters of Credit

Trade Finance

Financial Assistance for Business

Commercial Loans

Lines of Credit

Participation/Syndication of Loans