Test 8 Review

Chapter 6: Thermochemistry
1. Radiant energy is
A) the energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances.
B) the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules.
C) solar energy, i.e. energy that comes from the sun.
D) energy available by virtue of an object's position.
Ans: C Category: Easy Section: 6.1
2. Thermal energy is
Ans: B Category: Easy Section: 6.1
3. Chemical energy is
Ans: A Category: Easy Section: 6.1
4. Potential energy is
Ans: D Category: Easy Section: 6.1
5. Heat is
A) a measure of temperature.
B) a measure of the change in temperature.
C) a measure of thermal energy.
D) a measure of thermal energy transferred between two bodies at different
temperature.
Ans: D Category: Medium Section: 6.2
6. An endothermic reaction causes the surroundings to
A) warm up.
D) decrease in temperature.
B) become acidic.
E)
release CO2.
C) condense.
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7. An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to

A) warm up.
D) decrease its temperature.
B) become acidic.
E)
release CO2.
C) expand.
8. Copper metal has a specific heat of 0.385 J/gC. Calculate the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of 22.8 g of Cu from 20.0C to 875C.
A) 1.97 105 J B) 1.0 102 J C) 329 J D) 7.51 kJ E) 10.5 kJ
9. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 12.0 g of water from
15.4C to 93.0C. The specific heat of water = 4.18 J/gC.
A) 0.027 J B) 324 J C) 389 J D) 931 J E) 3,890 J
Ans: E Category: Medium Section: 6.5
10. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 2,500 g of water from 27C to
72C? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/gC.
A) 0.19 kJ B) 10. kJ C) 280 kJ D) 470 kJ E) 750 kJ
11. A beaker contains 115 g of ethanol at 18.2C. If the ethanol absorbs 1125 J of heat
without losing heat to the surroundings, what will be the final temperature of the ethanol?
The specific heat of ethanol is 2.46 J/gC.
A) 4.08C B) 14.1C C) 18.4C D) 22.2C E) 36.4C
12. How many degrees of temperature rise will occur when a 25.0 g block of aluminum
absorbs 10.0 kJ of heat? The specific heat of Al is 0.900 J/gC.
A) 0.44C B) 22.5C C) 225C D) 360C E) 444C
13. If 325 g of water at 4.2C absorbs 12.28 kJ, what is the final temperature of the water?
The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/gC.
A) 4.21C B) 4.8C C) 9.0C D) 13.2C E) 2,938C
14. A glass containing 200. g of H2O at 20C was placed in a refrigerator. The water loses
11.7 kJ as it cools to a constant temperature. What is its new temperature? The specific
heat of water is 4.184 J/gC.
A) 0.013C B) 4C C) 6C D) 14C E) 34C
Ans: C Category: Medium Section: 6.5
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15. A piece of copper with a mass of 218 g has a heat capacity of 83.9 J/C. What is the
specific heat of copper?
A) 0.385 J/gC
D) 1.32 J/gC
4
B) 1.83 10 J/gC
E)
24.5 J/gC
C) 2.60 J/gC
16. The specific heat of gold is 0.129 J/gC. What is the molar heat capacity of gold?
A) 0.039 J/molC
D) 39.0 kJ/molC
B) 0.129 J/molC
E)
197 J/molC
C) 25.4 J/molC
17. Suppose a 50.0 g block of silver (specific heat = 0.2350 J/gC) at 100C is placed in
contact with a 50.0 g block of iron (specific heat = 0.4494 J/gC) at 0C, and the two
blocks are insulated from the rest of the universe. The final temperature of the two
blocks
A) will be higher than 50C.
B) will be lower than 50C.
C) will be exactly 50C.
D) is unrelated to the composition of the blocks.
E)
cannot be predicted.
Ans: B Category: Medium Section: 6.5
18. When 0.7521 g of benzoic acid was burned in a calorimeter containing 1,000. g of water,
a temperature rise of 3.60C was observed. What is the heat capacity of the bomb
calorimeter, excluding the water? The heat of combustion of benzoic acid is 26.42 kJ/g.
A) 15.87 kJ/C
D) 1.34 kJ/C
B) 4.18 kJ/C
E)
752.1 kJ/C
C) 5.52 kJ/C
19. Naphthalene combustion can be used to calibrate the heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter.
The heat of combustion of naphthalene is 40.1 kJ/g. When 0.8210 g of naphthalene was
burned in a calorimeter containing 1,000. g of water, a temperature rise of 4.21C was
observed. What is the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter excluding the water?
A) 32.9 kJ/C B) 7.8 kJ/C C) 3.64 kJ/C D) 1.76 kJ/C E) 15.3 kJ/C
20. Which of the following processes is endothermic?
A) O2(g) + 2H2(g) 2H2O(g)
B) H2O(g) H2O(l)
C) 3O2(g) + 2CH3OH(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
D) H2O(s) H2O(l)
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21. A 100. mL sample of 0.200 M aqueous hydrochloric acid is added to 100. mL of 0.200 M
aqueous ammonia in a calorimeter whose heat capacity (excluding any water) is 480. J/K.
The following reaction occurs when the two solutions are mixed.
HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4Cl(aq)
The temperature increase is 2.34C. Calculate H per mole of HCl and NH3 reacted.
A) 154 kJ/mol
D) 1.96 kJ/mol
B) 1.96 kJ/mol
E)
154 kJ/mol
C) 485 kJ/mol
Ans: E Category: Difficult Section: 6.5
22. A 0.1326 g sample of magnesium was burned in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The total
heat capacity of the calorimeter plus water was 5,760 J/C. If the temperature rise of the
calorimeter with water was 0.570C, calculate the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium.
Mg(s) + 1/2O2(g) MgO(s)
A) 3280 kJ/mol
D) 106 kJ/mol
B) 24.8 kJ/mol
E)
602 kJ/mol
C) 435 kJ/mol
23. To which one of the following reactions occurring at 25C does the symbol
Hf[H2SO4(l)] refer?
A) 2H(g) + S(g) + 4O(g) H2SO4(l)
D) H2SO4(l) 2H(g) + S(s) + 4O(g)
B) H2(g) + S(g) + 2O2(g) H2SO4(l)
E)
H2(g) + S(s) + 2O2(g) H2SO4(l)
C) H2SO4(l) H2(g) + S(s) + 2O2(g)
24. To which one of the following reactions occurring at 25C does the symbol
Hf[HNO3(l)] refer?
A) H(g) + N(g) + O3(g) HNO3(l)
B) (1/2)H2(g) + (1/2)N2(g) + (3/2)O2(g) HNO3(l)
C) HNO3(l) (1/2)H2(g) + (1/2)N2(g) + (3/2)O2(g)
D) HNO3(l) H(g) + N(g) + 3O(g)
E)
H2(g) + N2(g) + O3(g) HNO3(l)
25. When 0.560 g of Na(s) reacts with excess F2(g) to form NaF(s), 13.8 kJ of heat is evolved
at standard-state conditions. What is the standard enthalpy of formation (Hf) of
NaF(s)?
A) 24.8 kJ/mol
D) 7.8 kJ/mol
B) 570 kJ/mol
E)
-570 kJ/mol
C) 24.8 kJ/mol
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26. When 18.5 g of HgO(s) is decomposed to form Hg(l) and O2(g), 7.75 kJ of heat is
absorbed at standard-state conditions. What is the standard enthalpy of formation (Hf)
of HgO(s)?
A) 90.7 kJ/mol
D) 27.9 kJ/mol
B) 7.75 kJ/mol
E)
143 kJ/mol
C) 0.419 kJ/mol
Ans: A Category: Medium Section: 6.6
27. Ethanol undergoes combustion in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide gas and liquid water.
The standard heat of combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l), is 1366.8 kJ/mol. Given that
Hf[CO2(g)] = 393.5 kJ/mol and Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol, what is the standard
enthalpy of formation of ethanol?
A) 3,010 kJ/mol
D) 687.6 kJ/mol
B) 687.6 kJ/mol
E)
1,367 kJ/mol
C) 277.6 kJ/mol
Ans: C Category: Difficult Section: 6.6
28. Find the standard enthalpy of formation of ethylene, C2H4(g), given the following data:
heat of combustion of C2H4(g) = 1411 kJ/mol; Hf[CO2(g)] = 393.5 kJ/mol;
Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol.
A) 52 kJ/mol
D) 1.41 103 kJ/mol
B) 87 kJ/mol
E)
2.77 103 kJ/mol
C) 731 kJ/mol
Ans: A Category: Difficult Section: 6.6
29. Octane (C8H18) undergoes combustion according to the following thermochemical
equation:
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)
Hrxn = 11,020 kJ/mol.
Given that Hf[CO2(g)] = 393.5 kJ/mol and Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol, calculate
the standard enthalpy of formation of octane.
A) 210 kJ/mol
D) 420 kJ/mol
B) 11,230 kJ/mol
E)
420 kJ/mol
C) 22,040 kJ/mol
30. Glycine, C2H5O2N, is important for biological energy. The combustion reaction of
glycine is given by the equation
4C2H5O2N(s) + 9O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l) + 2N2(g)
Hrxn = 3857 kJ/mol
Given that Hf[CO2(g)] = 393.5 kJ/mol and Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol, calculate
the enthalpy of formation of glycine.
A) 537.2 kJ/mol
D) 3,178 kJ/mol
B) 268.2 kJ/mol
E)
964 kJ/mol
C) 2,149 kJ/mol
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31. Styrene, C8H8, is one of the substances used in the production of synthetic rubber. When
styrene burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and liquid water under standard-state
conditions at 25C, 42.62 kJ are released per gram of styrene. Find the standard enthalpy
of formation of styrene at 25C.
(Given: Hf[CO2(g)] = 393.5 kJ/mol, Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol, Hf[H2O(g)] =
241.8 kJ/mol)
A) 323.8 kJ/mol
D) ~636.7 kJ/mol
B) ~4249 kJ/mol
E)
147.8 kJ/mol
C) ~8730 kJ/mol
32. Given 2Al(s) + (3/2)O2(g) Al2O3(s), Hf = 1,670 kJ/mol for Al2O3 (s).
Determine H for the reaction 2Al2O3(s) 4Al(s) + 3O2(g).
A) 3,340 kJ/mol
D) 1,670 kJ/mol
B) 1,670 kJ/mol
E)
835 kJ/mol
C) 3,340 kJ/mol
33. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid methanol, CH3OH(l), using the
following information:
C(graph) + O2 CO2(g)
H = 393.5 kJ/mol
H2(g) + (1/2)O2 H2O(l)
H = 285.8 kJ/mol
CH3OH(l) + (3/2)O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
H = 726.4 kJ/mol
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
1,691.5 kJ/mol
238.7 kJ/mol
1691.5 kJ/mol
B Category: Difficult
D)
E)
47.1 kJ/mol
47.1 kJ/mol
Section: 6.6
34. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction

2C8H18(l) + 17O2(g) 16CO(g) + 18H2O(l).
Given:
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l) H = 11,020 kJ/mol
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
H = 566.0 kJ/mol
A) 10,450 kJ/mol
D) 6,492 kJ/mol
B) 6,492 kJ/mol
E)
10.450 kJ/mol
C) 15,550 kJ/mol
35. During volcanic eruptions, hydrogen sulfide gas is given off and oxidized by air
according to the following chemical equation:
2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) 2SO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the above reaction given:
3S(s) + 2H2O(g) 2H2S(g) + SO2(g)
H = 146.9 kJ/mol
S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
H = 296.4 kJ/mol
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A)
B)
C)
Ans:
1036.1 kJ/mol
742.3 kJ/mol
149.5 kJ/mol
A Category: Medium
D)
E)
443.3 kJ/mol
742.3 kJ/mol
Section: 6.6
36. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction

2C8H18(l) + 21O2(g) 8CO(g) + 8CO2(g) + 18H2O(l).
Given:
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)
H = 11,020 kJ/mol
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
H = 566.0 kJ/mol
4
A) 1.0454 10 kJ/mol
D) 6,492 kJ/mol
B) 8,756 kJ/mol
E)
1.0454 104 kJ/mol
C) 1.1586 104 kJ/mol
37. Given the thermochemical equation 2SO2 + O2 2SO3, Hrxn = 198 kJ/mol,
what is the standard enthalpy change for the decomposition of one mole of SO3?
A) 198 kJ/mol
D) 396 kJ/mol
B) 99 kJ/mol
E)
198 kJ/mol
C) 99 kJ/mol
38. Given H2(g) + (1/2)O2(g) H2O(l), H = 286 kJ/mol, determine the standard enthalpy
change for the reaction 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g).
A) H = 286 kJ/mol
D) H = +572 kJ/mol
B) H = +286 kJ/mol
E)
H = 143 kJ/mol
C) H = 572 kJ/mol
39. Pentaborane B5H9(s) burns vigorously in O2 to give B2O3(s) and H2O(l). Calculate Hrxn
for the combustion of 1 mol of B5H9.
Hf[B2O3(s)] = 1,273.5 kJ/mol
Hf[B5H9(s)] = 73.2 kJ/mol
Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol
A) 1,2735 kJ/mol
D) 9,086 kJ/mol
B) 4,543 kJ/mol
E)
8,448 kJ/mol
C) 18,170 kJ/mol
Ans: B Category: Difficult Section: 6.6
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40. For the reaction

C(graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g)
H = 393 kJ/mol
how many grams of C(graphite) must be burned to release 275 kJ of heat?
A) 22.3 g B) 0.70 g C) 12.0 g D) 17.1 g E) 8.40 g
41. The combustion of butane produces heat according to the equation
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l) Hrxn = 5,314 kJ/mol
What is the heat of combustion per gram of butane?
A) 32.5 kJ/g
D) 2,656 kJ/g
B) 45.7 kJ/g
E)
15,440 kJ/g
C) 91.5 kJ/g
42. The combustion of octane produces heat according to the equation
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l) Hrxn= 11,020 kJ/mol
What is the heat of combustion per gram of octane?
A) 5,510 kJ/g
D) 193 kJ/g
B) 96.5 kJ/g
E)
6.292 105 kJ/g
C) 48.2 kJ/g
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l) Hrxn= 5,314 kJ/mol
How many grams of butane must be burned to release 1.00 104 kJ of heat?
A) 30.9 g B) 61.8 g C) 109 g D) 153 g E) 219 g
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
Hrxn= 5,314 kJ/mol
How many grams of CO2 are produced per 1.00 104 kJ of heat released?
A) 23.4 g B) 44.0 g C) 82.3 g D) 187 g E) 662 g
45. Given that CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s), Hrxn = 64.8 kJ/mol, how many grams of
CaO must react in order to liberate 525 kJ of heat?
A) 6.92 g B) 56.1 g C) 455 g D) 606 g E) 3.40 104 g
46. The combustion of pentane produces heat according to the equation
C5H12(l) + 8O2(g) 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
Hrxn= 3,510 kJ/mol
How many grams of CO2 are produced per 2.50 103 kJ of heat released?
A) 0.0809 g B) 3.56 g C) 31.3 g D) 157 g E) 309 g
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47. An average home in Colorado requires 20. GJ of heat per month. How many grams of
natural gas (methane) must be burned to supply this energy?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) Hrxn= 890.4 kJ/mol
A) 1.4 103 g
D) 2.2 104 g
B) 3.6 105 g
E)
1.4 104 g
C) 7.1 104 g
48. Given the thermochemical equation 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g), Hrxn= 198 kJ/mol,
how much heat is evolved when 600. g of SO2 is burned?
A) 5.46 102 kJ
D) 59,400 kJ
B) 928 kJ
E)
3.71 103 kJ
C) 1.85 103 kJ
49. Determine the heat given off to the surroundings when 9.0 g of aluminum reacts
according to the equation 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe, Hrxn= 849 kJ/mol.
A) 7.6 103 kJ
D) 5.6 102 kJ
B) 2.8 102 kJ
E)
2.5 103 kJ
C) 1.4 102 kJ
50. Find the heat absorbed from the surroundings when 15 g of O2 reacts according to the
equation O + O2 O3, Hrxn= 103 kJ/mol.
A) 4.6 103 kJ B) 48 kJ C) 96 kJ D) 32 kJ E) 110 kJ
51. Ethanol (C2H5OH) burns according to the equation
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l), Hrxn = 1367 kJ/mol.
How much heat is released when 35.0 g of ethanol is burned?
A) 1,797 kJ B) 1,367 kJ C) 9.61 104 kJ D) 4.78 104 kJ E) 1,040 kJ
52. Methanol (CH3OH) burns according to the equation
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l), Hrxn = 1454 kJ/mol.
How much heat, in kilojoules, is given off when 75.0 g of methanol is burned?
A) 727 kJ
D) 1.70 103 kJ
B) 3.22 103 kJ
E)
3.41 103 kJ
C) 1.45 103 kJ
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53. Calcium oxide and water react in an exothermic reaction:

CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s) Hrxn = 64.8 kJ/mol
How much heat would be liberated when 7.15 g CaO(s) is dropped into a beaker
containing 152g H2O?
A) 1.97 103 kJ B) 8.26 kJ C) 508 kJ D) 547 kJ E) 555 kJ
54. Solid sodium peroxide (Na2O2) reacts with liquid water yielding aqueous sodium
hydroxide and oxygen gas. How much heat is released when 250.0 L of oxygen gas is
produced from the reaction of sodium peroxide and water if the reaction is carried out in
an open container at 1.000 atm pressure and 25C?
(Given: Hf[Na2O2(s)] = 510.9 kJ/mol; Hf[NaOH(aq)] = 469.2 kJ/mol;
Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol)
A) 35,400 kJ B) 1740 kJ C) 141.7 kJ D) 3330 kJ E) 2900 kJ
55. At 25C, the standard enthalpy of formation of KCl(s) is 435.87 kJ/mol. When one
mole of KCl(s) is formed by reacting potassium vapor and chlorine gas at 25C, the
standard enthalpy of reaction is 525.86 kJ/mol. Find H for the sublimation of
potassium, K(s) K(g), at 25C.
A) 345.88 kJ/mol
D) 89.99 kJ/mol
B) 45.00 kJ/mol
E)
525.86 kJ/mol
C) 345.88 kJ/mol
56. At 25C, the standard enthalpy of formation of anhydrous sodium carbonate is 1130.9
kJ/mol, whereas the standard enthalpy of formation of sodium carbonate monohydrate is
1430.1 kJ/mol. Determine H at 25C for the reaction
Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) Na2CO3H2O(s).
(Given: Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol)
A) 13.4 kJ/mol
D) 299.2 kJ/mol
B) 285.8 kJ/mol
E)
156.3 kJ/mol
C) 585.0 kJ/mol
57. According to the first law of thermodynamics:
A) Energy is neither lost nor gained in any energy transformations.
B) Perpetual motion is possible.
C) Energy is conserved in quality but not in quantity.
D) Energy is being created as time passes. We have more energy in the universe now
than when time began.
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58. The heat of solution of KCl is 17.2 kJ/mol and the lattice energy of KCl(s) is 701.2
kJ/mol. Calculate the total heat of hydration of 1 mol of gas phase K+ ions and Cl ions.
A) 718 kJ B) 684 kJ C) 684 kJ D) 718 kJ E) None of these.
59. The heat of solution of LiCl is 37.1 kJ/mol, and the lattice energy of LiCl(s) is 828
kJ/mol. Calculate the total heat of hydration of 1 mol of gas phase Li+ ions and Cl ions.
A) 791 kJ B) 865 kJ C) 865 kJ D) 791 kJ E) None of these.
60. The total heat of hydration of 1 mol of gas phase Li+ ions and Cl ions is 865 kJ. The
lattice energy of LiCl(s) is 828 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of solution of LiCl.
A) 37 kJ/mol
D) 37 kJ/mol
B) 1,693 kJ/mol
E)
None of these.
C) 1,693 kJ/mol
61. 10.1 g CaO is dropped into a styrofoam coffee cup containing 157 g H2O at 18.0C.
If the following reaction occurs, then what temperature will the water reach, assuming
that the cup is a perfect insulator and that the cup absorbs only a negligible amount of
heat? (the specific heat of water = 4.18 J/gC)
CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s) Hrxn = 64.8 kJ/mol
A) 18.02C B) 35.8C C) 311C D) 42.2C E) 117C
62. The enthalpy change when a strong acid is neutralized by strong base is 56.1 kJ/mol. If
135 mL of 0.450 M HI at 23.15C is mixed with 145 mL of 0.500 M NaOH, also at
23.15C, what will the maximum temperature reached by the resulting solution? (Assume
that there is no heat loss to the container, that the specific heat of the final solution is 4.18
J/gC, and that the density of the final solution is that of water.)
A) 26.06C B) 29.19C C) 32.35C D) 20.24C E) 36.57C
63. The enthalpy change when a strong acid is neutralized by strong base is 56.1 kJ/mol. If
12.0 mL of 6.00 M HBr at 21.30C is mixed with 300. mL of 0.250 M NaOH, also at
21.30C, what will the maximum temperature reached by the resulting solution? (Assume
that there is no heat loss to the container, that the specific heat of the final solution is 4.18
J/gC, and that the density of the final solution is that of water.)
A) 18.20C B) 24.53C C) 101.8C D) 24.40C E) 34.25C
Ans: D Category: Difficult Section: 6.5
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64. Calculate the amount of work done, in joules, when 2.5 mole of H2O vaporizes at 1.0 atm
and 25C. Assume the volume of liquid H2O is negligible compared to that of vapor. (1
Latm = 101.3 J)
A) 6,190 kJ B) 6.19 kJ C) 61.1 J D) 5.66 kJ E) 518 J
65. A gas is compressed in a cylinder from a volume of 20.0 L to 2.0 L by a constant pressure
of 10.0 atm. Calculate the amount of work done on the system.
A) 1.01 104 J B) 180 J C) 1.81 104 J D) 1.81 104 J E) 180 J
66. Calculate the amount of work done against an atmospheric pressure of 1.00 atm when
500.0 g of zinc dissolves in excess acid at 30.0C.
Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)
A) w = +22.4 kJ
D) w = 2.52 kJ
B) w = +24.9 kJ
E)
w = 19.3 kJ
C) w = 0
67. A gas is allowed to expand, at constant temperature, from a volume of 1.0 L to 10.1 L
against an external pressure of 0.50 atm. If the gas absorbs 250 J of heat from the
surroundings, what are the values of q, w, and E?
Ans: A
Category: Medium
Section: 6.3
68. Which of the following processes always results in an increase in the energy of a system?
A) The system loses heat and does work on the surroundings.
B) The system gains heat and does work on the surroundings.
C) The system loses heat and has work done on it by the surroundings.
D) The system gains heat and has work done on it by the surroundings.
E)
None of these is always true.
Page 121
69. For which of these reactions will the difference between H and E be the greatest?
A) 2H2O2(l) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
B) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) +CO2(g)
C) NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)
D) 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
E)
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
70. For which of these reactions will the difference between H and E be the smallest?
A) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
B) 4PH3(g) P4(g) + 6H2(g)
C) H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)
D) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) CH4(g) + 2O2(g)
E)
P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) 4PCl5(s)
71. At 25C, the following heats of reaction are known:
2ClF(g) + O2(g) Cl2O(g) + F2O(g)
Hrxn = 167.4 kJ/mol
2ClF3(g) + 2O2(g) Cl2O(g) + 3F2O(g)
Hrxn = 341.4 kJ/mol
2F2(g) + O2(g) 2F2O(g)
Hrxn = 43.4 kJ/mol
At the same temperature, use Hess's law to calculate Hrxn for the reaction:
ClF(g) + F2(g) ClF3(g)
A) 217.5 kJ/mol
D) 108.7 kJ/mol
B) 130.2 kJ/mol
E)
465.4 kJ/mol
C) 217.5 kJ/mol
72. The bond enthalpy of the BrCl bond is equal to H for the reaction
BrCl(g) Br(g) + Cl(g).
Use the following data to find the bond enthalpy of the BrCl bond.
Br2(l) Br2(g)
H = 30.91 kJ/mol
Br2(g) 2Br(g)
H = 192.9 kJ/mol
Cl2(g) 2Cl(g)
H = 243.4 kJ/mol
Br2(l) + Cl2(g) 2BrCl(g) H = 29.2 kJ/mol
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
219.0 kJ/mol
203.5 kJ/mol
14.6 kJ/mol
A Category: Medium
D)
E)
Section: 6.6
Page 122
438.0 kJ/mol
407.0 kJ/mol
73. The heat of solution of ammonium nitrate is 26.2 kJ/mol. If a 5.368 g sample of NH4NO3
is added to 40.0 mL of water in a calorimeter at 23.5C, what is the minimum
temperature reached by the solution? (The specific heat of water = 4.18 J/gC; the heat
capacity of the calorimeter = 650. J/C.)
A) 14.3C B) 20.8C C) 7.7C D) 25.6C E) 21.4C
74. The heat of solution of ammonium chloride is 15.2 kJ/mol. If a 6.134 g sample of NH4Cl
is added to 65.0 mL of water in a calorimeter at 24.5C, what is the minimum
temperature reached by the solution? (The specific heat of water = 4.18 J/gC; the heat
capacity of the calorimeter = 365. J/C.)
A) 27.1C B) 18.6C C) 19.7C D) 21.9C E) 30.4C
75. Aluminum oxide can be reduced to aluminum metal using carbon, the other reaction
product being carbon monoxide. Determine the enthalpy change when 12.5 g of
aluminum is produced by this method. [Hf(carbon monoxide) = 110.5 kJ/mol;
Hf(aluminum oxide) = 1669.8 kJ/mol]
A) 725 kJ B) 697 kJ C) 310 kJ D) 361 kJ E) 1504 kJ
76. Ozone (O3) in the atmosphere can be converted to oxygen gas by reaction with nitric
oxide (NO). Nitrogen dioxide is also produced in the reaction. What is the enthalpy
change when 8.50L of ozone at a pressure of 1.00 atm and 25C reacts with 12.00 L of
nitric oxide at the same initial pressure and temperature? [Hf(NO) = 90.4 kJ/mol;
Hf(NO2) = 33.85 kJ/mol; Hf(O3) = 142.2 kJ/mol]
A) 69.2 kJ B) 19.7 kJ C) 1690 kJ D) 97.6 kJ E) 167 kJ
77. Define specific heat.
Ans: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree Celsius.
Category: Easy Section: 6.5
78. How many grams of ethylene (C2H4) would have to be burned to produce 450 kJ of heat?
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Hrxn = 1411 kJ/mol
Ans: 8.95 g
Category: Medium Section: 6.4
79. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction for H2(g) + C2H4(g) C2H6(g).
[Hf(C2H4(g)) = 52.3 kJ/mol; Hf(C2H6(g)) = 84.7 kJ/mol]
Ans: 137 kJ/mol
Page 123
80. The enthalpy of combustion of acetylene C2H2 is described by

C2H2(g) + (5/2)O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(l) Hrxn= 1299 kJ/mol
Calculate the enthalpy of formation of acetylene, given the following enthalpies of
formation
Hf[CO2(g)] = 393.5 kJ/mol
Hf[H2O(l)] = 285.8 kJ/mol
Ans: 226 kJ/mol
81. Given the following H values,
H2(g) + 1 2 O2(g) H2O(l) Hf = 285.8 kJ/mol
H2O2(l) H2(g) + O2(g) Hrxn = 187.6 kJ/mol
calculate Hrxn for the reaction H2O2(l) H2O(l) +
Ans: 98.2 kJ/mol
O2(g),
82. The heat of solution of calcium chloride CaCl2 is 82.8 kJ/mol, and the combined heats
of hydration of 1 mole of gaseous calcium ions and 2 mole of gaseous chloride ions is
2327 kJ. What is the lattice energy of calcium chloride?
Ans: 2,244 kJ/mol
83. The heat of solution of NH4NO3 is 26.2 kJ/mol. Is heat evolved or absorbed when a
solution of NH4NO3 is diluted by addition of more water?
Ans: Absorbed
84. A 26.2 g piece of copper metal is heated from 21.5C to 201.6C. Calculate the amount
of heat absorbed by the metal. The specific heat of Cu is 0.385 J/gC.
Ans: 1,820 J
85. A 0.1946 g piece of magnesium metal is burned in a constant-volume calorimeter that has
a heat capacity of 1349 J/C. The calorimeter contains 500. g of water and the
temperature rise is 1.40C. Calculate the heat of combustion of magnesium metal in kJ/g,
given that the specific heat of water = 4.184 J/gC.
Ans: 24.8 kJ/g
Page 124
86. A 0.3423 g sample of pentane, C5H12, was burned in a bomb calorimeter. The
temperature of the calorimeter and the 1.000 kg of water contained therein rose from
20.22C to 22.82C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 2.21 kJ/C. The heat capacity
of water = 4.184 J/gC. How much heat was given off during combustion of the sample
of pentane?
Ans: 16.6 kJ
of water = 4.184 J/gC. What is the heat of combustion, in kilojoules, per gram of
pentane?
Ans: 48.6 kJ/g
of water = 4.184 J/gC. What is the heat of combustion, in megajoules (MJ), per mole of
pentane?
Ans: 3.50 MJ/mol
89. The heat of combustion of propane, C3H8, 2220 kJ/mol. The specific heat of copper is
0.385 J/gC. How many grams of propane must be burned to raise the temperature of a
10.0 kg block of copper from 25.0C to 65.0C, assuming none of the heat is lost to the
surroundings
Ans: 3.06 g
90. The residential rate for natural gas is about $15 per thousand cubic foot. Burning one
cubic foot of natural gas releases about 1080 kJ of heat. How much would it cost to heat
the water in a 25,000 gallon swimming pool from 52F to 78F, assuming all of the heat
from burning the natural gas went towards warming the water? (1 gal = 3.785 L; the
specific heat of water = 4.184 J/gC)
Ans: $79
Category: Difficult Section: 6.5
91. The heat of neutralization of HCl by NaOH is Hrxn = 56.2 kJ/mol. How much heat is
released when 125 mL of 1.750 M HCl is mixed with 195 mL of 0.667 M NaOH?
Ans: 7.31 kJ
Page 125
92. The heat released when one mole of water is formed from the elements is 1,198 kJ. An
experiment was conducted that permitted water to form in this manner, and the heat was
contained in 2.0 liters of water. The water temperature before the reaction was 34.5C,
and after the reaction it had risen to 52.0C. How many moles of water were formed?
(The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/gC.)
Ans: 0.12 mole
93. When an automobile engine starts, the metal parts immediately begin to absorb heat
released during the combustion of gasoline. How much heat will be absorbed by a 165
kg iron engine block as the temperature rises from 15.7C to 95.7C? (The specific heat
of iron is 0.489 J/gC.)
Ans: 6,450 kJ
94. The value of Hrxn for the following reaction is 6535 kJ/mol.
2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
How many kilojoules of heat will be evolved during the combustion of 16.0 g of C6H6(l)?
Ans: 669 kJ
95. What would be the standard enthalpy change for the reaction of one mole of H2(g) with
one mole of Cl2(g) to produce two moles of HCl(g) at standard state conditions?
[Hf (HCl(g))= 92.3 kJ/mol]
Ans: 185 kJ
96. What is the standard enthalpy of formation of H2(g) at 25C?
Ans: 0 kJ/mol
97. Find Hrxn for the reaction
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l).
[Hf (CH4(g)) = 74.8 kJ/mol; Hf (CO2(g)) = 393.5 kJ/mol; Hf (H2O(l)) = 285.5
kJ/mol]
Ans: -889.7 kJ/mol
2Ag2S(s) + 2H2O(l) 4Ag(s) + 2H2S(g) + O2(g).
[Hf (Ag2S(s)) = 32.6 kJ/mol; Hf (H2S(g)) = 20.5 kJ/mol; Hf (H2O(l)) = 285.5
kJ/mol]
Ans: 595.2 kJ/mol
Page 126

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g).
[Hf (NaOH(aq)) = 426.8 kJ/mol; Hf (H2O(l)) = 285.5 kJ/mol]
Ans: 282.6 kJ
100. The specific heat of silver is 0.235 J/gC. How many joules of heat are required to heat
a 75 g silver spoon from 20C to 35C?
Ans: 260 J
101. At body temperature 2,404 joules of energy are required to evaporate 1.00 g of water.
After vigorous exercise, a person feels chilly because the body is giving up heat to
evaporate the perspiration. A typical person perspires 25 mL of water after 20. minutes of
exercise. How much body heat is this person using to evaporate this water?
Ans: 6.0 104 J
102. The combustion of one mole of benzene, C6H6, in oxygen liberates 3268 kJ of heat. The
products of the reaction are carbon dioxide and water. How much heat is given off when
183 g of oxygen are reacted with excess benzene?
Ans: 2490 kJ
103. A feverish student weighing 75 kilograms was immersed in 400. kg of water at 4.0C to
try to reduce the fever. The student's body temperature dropped from 40.0C to 37.0C.
Assuming the specific heat of the student to be 3.77 J/gC, what was the final
temperature of the water?
Ans: 4.5C
104. The specific heats of water and iron are 4.184 and 0.444 J/gC, respectively. When equal
masses of water and iron both absorb the same amount of heat, the temperature increase
of the water will be 5.42 times greater than that of the iron.
Ans: True Category: Medium Section: 6.5
105. Chemical reactions in a bomb calorimeter occur at constant pressure.
Ans: True Category: Easy Section: 6.5
106. If 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s), H = 1203.6 kJ/mol.
For Mg(s) + (1/2)O2(g) MgO(s), the enthalpy change is H = 601.8 kJ/mol.
107. The heat capacity of 20.0 g of water is 83.7 J/C.
Page 127
108. The work done on the surroundings by the expansion of a gas is w = PV.
109. The heat absorbed by a system at constant pressure is equal to E + PV.
110. In an endothermic process, heat is absorbed by the system.
111. A home aquarium is an example of an open system.
112. The heat of hydration (Hhydr) of ions is always endothermic.
Ans: False Category: Medium Section: 6.7
1.
In the following diagram of a wave
A)
frequency
B)
amplitude
(a) is amplitude and (b) is wavelength
D)
(a) is frequency and (b) is amplitude E)
(a) is wavelength and (b) is
Page 128
(a) is amplitude and (b) is
C)
(a) is wavelength and (b) is frequency

Ans: E Category: Easy Section: 7.1
2.
A)
B)
As the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases

its speed must increase.
C)
its amplitude must increase.
its wavelength must increase. D)
its energy must increase.
3.
What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 5.39 1014 s1? (c =
8
2.9979 10 m/s)
A) 1.80 103 nm B) 556 nm C) 618 nm D) 6180 nm E) 1.61 1023
nm
4.
A)
B)
C)
What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 2.10 1014 s 1?

6.30 1022 m D)
1.43 106 m
2
7.00 10 nm
E)
3.00 108 m
7.00 105 m
5.
A)
B)
C)
Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 486 nm.

2.06 1014 /s D)
1.20 1015 /s
6
2.06 10 /s E)
4.86 107 /s
6.17 1014 /s
6.
A)
B)
C)
Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 686 nm.

4.37 1014 /s D)
2.29 1015 /s
4.37 105 /s E)
2.29 106 /s
14
6.17 10 /s
7.
What is the energy in joules of one photon of microwave radiation with a
wavelength 0.122 m? (c = 2.9979 108 m/s; h = 6.626 1034 Js)
A)
2.70 1043 J D)
4.07 1010 J
B)
5.43 1033 J E)
2.46 109 J
24
C)
1.63 10 J
8.
What is the energy in joules of a mole of photons associated with visible light of
wavelength 486 nm?
A)
6.46 1016 J D)
12.4 kJ
B)
6.46 1025 J E)
246 kJ
4
C)
2.46 10 J
Page 129
9.
What is the energy in joules of a mole of photons associated with red light of
wavelength 7.00 102 nm?
A) 256 kJ B) 1.71 105 J C) 4.72 1043 J D) 12.4 kJ E) 2.12 1042
J
10.
What is the binding energy (in J/mol or kJ/mol) of an electron in a metal whose
threshold frequency for photoelectrons is 2.50 1014 /s?
A)
99.7 kJ/mol D)
7.22 1017 kJ/mol
19
B)
1.66 10 J/mol E)
1.20 106 J/mol
C)
2.75 1043 J/mol
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Complete this sentence: Atoms emit visible and ultraviolet light

as electrons jump from lower energy levels to higher levels.
as the atoms condense from a gas to a liquid.
as electrons jump from higher energy levels to lower levels.
as they are heated and the solid melts to form a liquid.
as the electrons move about the atom within an orbit.
12.
Calculate the energy, in joules, required to excite a hydrogen atom by causing an
electronic transition from the n = 1 to the n = 4 principal energy level. Recall that the energy
levels of the H atom are given by
En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2)
A)
2.07 1029 J D)
3.27 1017 J
B)
2.19 105 J E)
2.25 1018 J
18
C)
2.04 10 J
13.
Calculate the wavelength, in nanometers, of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom
when its electron falls from the n = 7 to the n = 4 principal energy level. Recall that the energy
levels of the H atom are given by
En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2)
A)
4.45 1020 nm
D)
1.38 1014 nm
B)
2.16 106 nm
E)
2.16 103 nm
20
C)
9.18 10 nm
14.
Calculate the frequency of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a
transition of its electron from the n = 6 to the n = 3 principal energy level. Recall that for
hydrogen En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2).
A)
1.64 1015 /s D)
1.82 1019 /s
B)
9.13 1013 /s E)
2.74 1014/s
14
C)
3.65 10 /s
Page 130
15.
Calculate the frequency of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a
hydrogen En = 2.18 10 18 J(1/n2)
A)
3.08 1015 /s D)
1.35 1051 /s
8
B)
1.03 10 /s E)
8.22 1014 /s
C)
2.06 1014 /s
16.
Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted by a hydrogen atom during a
hydrogen En = 2.18 1018 J(1/n2)
A) 97.2 nm B) 82.6 nm C) 365 nm D) 0.612 nm E) 6.8 1018 nm
17.
The second line of the Balmer series occurs at a wavelength of 486.1 nm. What is
the energy difference between the initial and final levels of the hydrogen atom in this emission
process?
A)
2.44 1018 J D)
4.09 1028 J
B)
4.09 1019 J E)
1.07 1048 J
22
C)
4.09 10 J
18.
A proton is roughly 1800 times more massive than an electron. If a proton and an
electron are traveling at the same speed,
A)
the wavelength of the photon will be about 1800 times longer than the wavelength
of the electron.
B)
the wavelength of the photon will be about 1800 times longer than the
wavelength of the electron.
C)
the wavelength of the photon will be roughly equal to the wavelength of the
electron.
D)
the wavelength of the electron will be about 1800 times longer than the
wavelength of the photon.
E)
19.
A photon is roughly 1800 times more massive than an electron. If a proton and an
electron have the same kinetic energy,
A)
the wavelength of the photon will be about 1800 times longer than the wavelength
of the electron.
B)
the wavelength of the photon will be about 1800 times longer than the
wavelength of the electron.
C)
the wavelength of the photon will be roughly equal to the wavelength of the
electron.
Page 131
D)
E)
20.
If a hydrogen atom and a helium atom are traveling at the same speed,
A)
the wavelength of the hydrogen atom will be about 4 times longer than the
wavelength of the helium atom.
B)
wavelength of the helium.
C)
the wavelength of the hydrogen atom will be roughly equal to the wavelength of
the helium atom.
D)
the wavelength of the helium atom will be about 2 times longer than the
wavelength of the hydrogen atom.
E)
21.
If a hydrogen atom and a helium atom have the same kinetic energy,
A)
wavelength of the helium atom.
B)
wavelength of the helium.
C)
the wavelength of the hydrogen atom will be roughly equal to the wavelength of
the helium atom.
D)
E)
22.
In an electron microscope, electrons are accelerated to great velocities. Calculate
the wavelength of an electron traveling with a velocity of 7.0 103 kilometers per second. The
mass of an electron is 9.1 1028 g.
A) 1.0 1013 m B) 1.0 107 m C) 1.0 m D) 1.0 1010 m
23.
Calculate the wavelength associated with a 20Ne+ ion moving at a velocity of 2.0
10 m/s. The atomic mass of Ne-20 is 19.992 amu.
A)
1.0 1013 m D)
9.7 1012 m
16
B)
1.0 10 m E)
2.0 1013 cm
C)
1.0 1018 m
5
24.
Calculate the wavelength of a neutron that has a velocity of 250 cm/s. (The mass
Page 132
of a neutron = 1.675 1024 g; h = 6.626 1034 Js)

A) 16 pm B) 0.016 nm C) 0.16 nm D) 160 nm E) 1.6 104 m
25.
A common way of initiating certain chemical reactions with light involves the
generation of free halogen atoms in solution. If H for the reaction Cl2(g) 2Cl(g) is 242.8
kJ/mol, what is the longest wavelength of light that will produce free chlorine atoms in solution?
A) 246.3 nm B) 465.2 nm C) 349.3 nm D) 698.6 nm E) 492.6 nm
26.
The longest wavelength of light that causes electrons to be ejected from the
surface of a copper plate is 243 nm. What is the maximum velocity of the electrons ejected when
light of wavelength 200. nm shines on a copper plate?
A)
1.48 106 m/s
D)
1.97 104 m/s
5
B)
6.22 10 m/s
E)
1.34 106 m/s
C)
4.67 104 m/s
27.
When photons with a wavelength of 310. nm strike a magnesium plate, the
maximum velocity of the ejected electrons is 3.45 105 m/s. Calculate the binding energy of
electrons to the magnesium surface.
A)
386 kJ/mol
D)
321 kJ/mol
B)
419 kJ/mol
E)
353 kJ/mol
C)
32.7 kJ/mol
28.
Electrons can be used to probe the arrangement of atoms on a solid surface if the
wavelength of the electrons is comparable with the spacing between the atoms. Which of the
following electron velocities would be appropriate for use in this application if the atoms are
separated by 0.320 nm?
A)
2.27 106 m/s
D)
4.41 106 m/s
3
B)
1.24 10 m/s
E)
8.06 103 m/s
C)
3.00 108 m/s
29.
A single pulse of a laser yields an average of 5.00 1018 photons with = 633
nm. If melting ice to water at 0C requires 6.01 kJ/mol, what is the fewest number of laser
pulses need to melt 10.0 g of ice?
A) 3830 B) 3340 C) 38300 D) 2120 E) 212
30.
Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?
Page 133
Ans:
B
Category: Medium
Section: 7.6
31.
Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?
Ans:
B
Category: Medium
Section: 7.6
32.
What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the following
set of quantum numbers?
n = 4 l = 3 ml = 2 ms = +1/2
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 6 E) 10
33.
A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an
atom of gallium (Ga) in its ground state is
Ans:
C
Category: Medium
Section: 7.8
34.
A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an
atom of germanium (Ge) in its ground state is
Page 134
Ans:
35.
36.
C
Category: Medium
Section: 7.8
Electrons in an orbital with l = 3 are in a/an

A) d orbital. B) f orbital. C) g orbital. D) p orbital.
E) s orbital.
The number of orbitals in a d subshell is

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7
37.
The maximum number of electrons that can occupy an energy level described by
the principal quantum number, n, is
A) n B) n + 1 C) 2n D) 2n2 E) n2
38.
How many orbitals are allowed in a subshell if the angular momentum quantum
number for electrons in that subshell is 3?
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7 E) 9
39.
statement of
A)
B)
C)
"No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers" is a
the Pauli exclusion principle. D)
de Broglie's relation.
Bohr's equation.
E)
Dalton's atomic theory.
Hund's rule.
40.
The orbital diagram for a ground-state nitrogen atom is
Ans:
A
Category: Medium
41.
Section: 7.8
The orbital diagram for a ground-state oxygen atom is
Page 135
Ans:
D
Category: Medium
Section: 7.8
42.
The orbital diagram for a ground state carbon atom is
Ans:
D
Category: Medium
Section: 7.8
43.
Which ground-state atom has an electron configuration described by the following
orbital diagram?
A) phosphorus
B) germanium
C) selenium
D) tellurium
E) none of
these
Ans: C
Category: Medium
Section: 7.9
44.
orbital diagram?
A) antimony B) germanium C) indium D) lead

E) tin
45.
orbital diagram?
Page 136
A) phosphorus B) nitrogen C) arsenic D) vanadium

E) none of these
46.
How many unpaired electrons does a ground-state atom of sulfur have?

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
47.
A)
B)
C)
A ground-state atom of arsenic has

no unpaired electrons. D)
three unpaired electrons.
one unpaired electron.E)
four unpaired electrons.
two unpaired electrons.
48.
Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?

1s22s22p63s2
A) Na B) Mg C) Al D) Si E) Ne
49.

[Kr]5s24d105p3
A) Sn B) Sb C) Pb D) Bi E) Te
50.

[Ar]4s23d104p5
A) aresnic B) bromine C) iodine D) selenium E) tellerium
51.

[Kr]5s14d5
A) Mn B) Mo C) Nb D) Re E) Tc
52.

[Kr]5s24d105p2
A) Sn B) Sb C) Pb D) Ge E) Te
53.
A)
B)
C)
The electron configuration of a ground-state Co atom is

[Ar]4s23d7
D)
[Ar]4s13d5
1s22s22p63s23d9
E)
[Ar]4s24d7
2
7
[Ne]3s 3d
Page 137
54.
The electron configuration of a ground-state vanadium atom is

A) [Ar]4s24d3 B) [Ar]4s24p3 C) [Ar]4s23d3 D) [Ar]3d5
55.
The electron configuration of a ground-state copper atom is

A) [Ar]4s24d4 B) [Ar]4s24p63d3 C) [Ar]4s23d9 D) [Ar]3d9
E) [Ar]4s13d10
56.
A)
B)
C)
The ground-state electron configuration for an atom of indium is

[Kr]5s24p64d5 D)
[Kr]5s25p64d5
[Ar]4s23d104p1 E)
[Kr]5s24d105p1
2
6
5
[Ar]4s 4p 3d
57.
Which of the following is the ground-state electron configuration of a calcium
atom?
A) [Ne]3s2 B) [Ne]3s23p6 C) [Ar]4s13d1 D) [Ar]4s2
E) [Ar]3d2
58.
How many electrons are there in the 2nd principal energy level (n = 2) of a
phosphorus atom?
A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10
59.
How many electrons are there in the 3rd principal energy level (n = 3) of a
phosphorus atom?
A) 3 B) 5. C) 6 D) 8 E) 10
60.
A)
B)
C)
A ground-state atom of manganese has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.

0, diamagnetic D)
5, paramagnetic
2, diamagnetic E)
7, paramagnetic
3, paramagnetic
61.
A)
B)
C)
A ground-state atom of vanadium has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.

0, diamagnetic D)
5, paramagnetic
2, diamagnetic E)
4, diamagnetic
3, paramagnetic
62.
A)
B)
C)
A ground-state atom of iron has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.

0, diamagnetic D)
5, paramagnetic
6, diamagnetic E)
4, paramagnetic
3, paramagnetic
Page 138
63.
A)
B)
C)
Transition metal elements have atoms or ions with partially filled

s subshells. D)
f subshells.
p subshells. E)
g subshells.
d subshells.
64.
A)
B)
C)
Lanthanide (or rare earth elements) have atoms or ions with partially filled
s subshells. D)
f subshells.
p subshells. E)
g subshells.
d subshells.
65.
Which choice lists two elements with ground-state electron configurations that are
well known exceptions to the Aufbau principle?
A) Cu and C B) Cr and Cu C) Cs and Cl D) Rb and Co E) Fe and Co
66.
A ground-state chromium atom has how many unpaired electrons?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
67.
Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of an
oxygen atom?
A) 1s22s22p4 B) 1s22s22p5 C) 1s22s22p33s1 D) 1s22s22p6 E) 1s22s22p3
68.
Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of an iron
atom?
A) [Ar]4s23d7 B) [Ar]4s23d6 C) [Ar]4s23d8
69.
copper atom?
A)
B)
C)
D) [Ar]4s13d7
E) [Ar]4s13d5
Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of a

[Ar]4s23d9
D)
[Ar]4s23d8
[Ar]4s13d10
E)
[Ar]4s03d10
1
8
[Ar]4s 3d
70.
The ground-state electron configuration of Cr, Mo, and Ag are exceptions to the
Aufbau principle. Which of the following is the electron configuration for Mo?
A) [Kr]5s14d5 B) [Kr]5s24d4 C) [Xe]6s25d4 D) [Ar]4s24d4 E) [Kr]5s24d6
71.
How many electrons in a ground-state tellurium atom are in orbitals labeled by l =
1?
Page 139
A) 4 B) 10 C) 12 D) 16 E) 22
72.
How many electrons in a ground-state cadmium atom are in orbitals labeled by ml
= 1?
A) 2 B) 10 C) 12 D) 18 E) 36
73.
Which of the following ground-state atoms is diamagnetic?

A) Ca B) As C) Cu D) Fe E) none of these
74.
Which of the following atoms is paramagnetic both in its ground state and in all
of its excited states?
A) C B) N C) O D) Ti E) Cr
75.
Which of the following is diamagnetic both in its ground state and in all of its
excited states?
A) Mg B) Ne C) Cu D) Zn E) none of these
76.
The electron in a hydrogen atom falls from an excited energy level to the ground
state in two steps, causing the emission of photons with wavelengths of 2624 and 97.2 nm. What
is the quantum number of the initial excited energy level from which the electron falls?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
77.
The electron in a hydrogen atom falls from an excited energy level to the ground
state in two steps, causing the emission of photons with wavelengths of 1870 and 102.5 nm.
What is the quantum number of the initial excited energy level from which the electron falls?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
78.
When the electron in a hydrogen atom falls from the n = 3 excited energy level to
the ground state energy level, a photon with wavelength is emitted. An electron having this
same wavelength would have a velocity of
A)
7.10 103 m/s
D)
7.10 m/s
B)
2.93 106 m/s
E)
3.00 108 m/s
C)
2.93 103 m/s
79.
When the electron in a hydrogen atom falls from its first excited energy level to
the ground state energy level, a photon with wavelength is emitted. A proton having this same
wavelength would have a velocity of
A) 3.87 m/s B) 5990 m/s C) 1.21 107 m/s D) 3.26 m/s E) 5.99 m/s
Page 140
Ans: D
Category: Medium
Section: 7.4
80.
Breaking the oxygen-oxygen bond in hydrogen peroxide requires 210 kJ/mol.
What is the longest wavelength of light that can cause this bond to be broken?
A)
5.7 104 m D)
9.5 1028 m
31
B)
9.5 10 m E)
5.7 107 m
C)
2.8 107 m
81.
Rank the following types of electromagnetic radiation from lowest energy to
highest energy: infrared, microwave, radio waves, gamma rays, visible, and ultraviolet.
Ans: radio waves < microwaves < infrared < visible < ultraviolet < gamma rays
82.
An FM radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 101.7 MHz. Calculate the
wavelength of the broadcast signal in meters. (c = 2.9979 108 m/s)
Ans: 2.948 m
83.
An AM radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 1270 kHz. Calculate the
wavelength of the broadcast signal in meters. (c = 2.9979 108 m/s)
Ans: 236 m
84.
Ans:
Write the ground state electron configuration for the selenium atom.
[Ar] 4s23d104p4
85.
Ans:
Write the ground state electron configuration for the phosphorus atom.
[Ne] 3s23p3
86.
Ans:
Write the ground state electron configuration for an iodine atom.

[Kr] 5s24d105p5
87.
Ans:
Write the ground state electron configuration for a lead atom.

[Xe] 6s24f145d106p2
88.
Ans:
Write the ground state electron configuration for Ni.

[Ar] 4s23d8
89.
Ans:
Write the ground state electron configuration for Cr.

[Ar] 4s13d5
Page 141
Category: Medium
90.
Ans:
Section: 7.9
Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 360 nm.

5.5 10 19 J
91.
carbon12?
Ans:
What is the difference in the electron configuration between carbon14 and
92.
by an atom?
Ans:
With regard to electron behavior, what happens when light is absorbed or emitted
There is no difference
The electrons move between orbitals.

93.
Ans:
What is the total number of electrons possible in the 2p orbitals?

6
94.
Ans:
What is the total number of electrons possible in the 6s orbital?

2
95.
Ans:
What is the ground-state electron configuration for chlorine?

1s22s22p63s23p5 or [Ne]3s23p5
96.
If one electron is added to the outer shell of chlorine, it would have the same
electron configuration as what element?
Ans: argon
97.
Ans:
What is the electron configuration of calcium?

1s22s22p63s23p64s2 or [Ar]4s2
98.
If we take away two electrons from the outer shell of calcium, it would have the
same electron configuration as what element?
Ans: argon
99.
The colors of the visible spectrum are blue, green, orange, red, violet, and yellow.
Of these colors, _______ has the most energy.
Ans: violet
Page 142
100. The colors of the visible spectrum are blue, green, orange, red, violet, and yellow.
Of these colors, ______ has the least energy.
Ans: red
Of these colors, _______ has the longest wavelength.
Ans: red
Of these colors, ______ has the shortest wavelength.
Ans: violet
103. What is the wavelength, in meters, of an alpha particle with a kinetic energy of
8.0 1013 J. (mass of an alpha particle = 4.00150 amu; 1 amu = 1.67 1027 kg)
Ans: 6.4 1015 m
104. What is the wavelength, in meters, of an alpha particle with a kinetic energy of
8.0 1013 J. [mass of an alpha particle = 4.00150 amu; 1 amu = 1.67 1027 kg]
Ans: 6.4 1015 m
105. The scattering of helium atoms by a solid can be used to gain information about
the lattice of atoms, provided the wavelength of the helium atoms is comparable to the
dimensions of the lattice. What is the wavelength, in picometers, of a helium-4 atom with a
kinetic energy of 0.10 eV. (mass of 4He = 4.0026 amu; 1 amu = 1.67 1024 g; 1 eV = 1.602
1019 J; h = 6.626 1034 Js)
Ans: 45 pm
106.
10.0 cm/s?
Ans:
What is the wavelength of a ball bearing with a mass of 10.0 g, and a velocity of
6.63 1022 nm
Category: Medium
Section: 7.4
107. The bonds of oxygen molecules are broken by sunlight. The minimum energy
required to break the oxygen-oxygen bond is 495 kJ/mol. What is the wavelength of sunlight
that can cause this bond breakage?
Ans: 242 nm
108.
A photovoltaic cell converts light into electrical energy. Suppose a certain
Page 143
photovoltaic cell is only 63.5% efficient, in other words, that 63.5% of the light energy is
ultimately recovered. If the energy output of this cell is used to heat water, how many 520 nm
photons must be absorbed by the photovoltaic cell in order to heat 10.0 g of water from 20.0C
to 30.0?
Ans: 1.72 1021
109. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom found its greatest support in experimental
work on the photoelectric effect.
110. An electron in a 3p orbital could have a value of 2 for its angular momentum
quantum number (l).
111.
A neon atom in its ground state will be diamagnetic.

112.
Each shell (principal energy level) of quantum number n contains n subshells

113.
For all atoms of the same element, the 2s orbital is larger than the 1s orbital.
114. According to de Broglie's equation, the wavelength associated with the motion of
a particle increases as the particle mass decreases.
115.
The frequency of the emitted light from a cesium atom is an intensive property.
Page 144

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Chapter 6: Thermochemistry

7. An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to

34. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction

36. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction

40. For the reaction

53. Calcium oxide and water react in an exothermic reaction:

80. The enthalpy of combustion of acetylene C2H2 is described by

99. Find Hrxn for the reaction

In the following diagram of a wave

(a) is amplitude and (b) is wavelength

(a) is frequency and (b) is amplitude E)

(a) is wavelength and (b) is

(a) is amplitude and (b) is

(a) is wavelength and (b) is frequency

As the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases

What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 2.10 1014 s 1?

Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 486 nm.

Calculate the frequency of visible light having a wavelength of 686 nm.

Complete this sentence: Atoms emit visible and ultraviolet light

of a neutron = 1.675 1024 g; h = 6.626 1034 Js)

Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?

Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers is not possible?

Electrons in an orbital with l = 3 are in a/an

The number of orbitals in a d subshell is

The orbital diagram for a ground-state nitrogen atom is

The orbital diagram for a ground-state oxygen atom is

The orbital diagram for a ground state carbon atom is

A) antimony B) germanium C) indium D) lead

A) phosphorus B) nitrogen C) arsenic D) vanadium

How many unpaired electrons does a ground-state atom of sulfur have?

A ground-state atom of arsenic has

Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?

Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?

Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?

Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?

Which element has the following ground-state electron configuration?

The electron configuration of a ground-state Co atom is

The electron configuration of a ground-state vanadium atom is

The electron configuration of a ground-state copper atom is

The ground-state electron configuration for an atom of indium is

Which of the following is the ground-state electron configuration of a calcium

A ground-state atom of manganese has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.

A ground-state atom of vanadium has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.

A ground-state atom of iron has ___ unpaired electrons and is _____.

Transition metal elements have atoms or ions with partially filled

A ground-state chromium atom has how many unpaired electrons?

Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of an iron

Which of the following is the electron configuration of an excited state of a

How many electrons in a ground-state tellurium atom are in orbitals labeled by l =

How many electrons in a ground-state cadmium atom are in orbitals labeled by ml

Which of the following ground-state atoms is diamagnetic?

Write the ground state electron configuration for an iodine atom.

Write the ground state electron configuration for a lead atom.

Write the ground state electron configuration for Ni.

Write the ground state electron configuration for Cr.

Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 360 nm.

What is the difference in the electron configuration between carbon14 and

The electrons move between orbitals.

What is the total number of electrons possible in the 2p orbitals?

What is the total number of electrons possible in the 6s orbital?

What is the ground-state electron configuration for chlorine?

What is the electron configuration of calcium?

A photovoltaic cell converts light into electrical energy. Suppose a certain

A neon atom in its ground state will be diamagnetic.

A ground-state atom of manganese has _ unpaired electrons and is ___.

A ground-state atom of vanadium has _ unpaired electrons and is ___.

A ground-state atom of iron has _ unpaired electrons and is ___.