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GEOLOGICAL SUMMARY

Introduction
Terang-1 was an exploratory wildcat well drilled in the western part of the kangean
contract area. It was positioned to test a seismically, well-defined, faulted anticlinal feature
located 48 kms southwest of kangean island in the east java sea.
The well was drilled in a previously unexplored part of the contract area and as a result
seismic and stratigraphic predictions were rather conjectural. Seismic horizon identifications
were primarily based on ties to cities service MS 2-1a well, located 72 kms.west. additionally,
the kangean islands outcrop sequence and regional facies considerations were utilized in the
contruction of the stratigraphic prognosis.
Primary objective of terang-1 were an early Pliocene limestone and a late Miocene coarse
clastic sequence both interpreted to be developed within the limits of the large terang anticline.
The former objective was correlated with porous, detrital limestone found in cities service MS 21A well, located 72 kms. West. Additionally, the kangean islands outcrop sequence and regional
facies considerations were utilized in the contruction of the stratigraphic prognosis.
Primary objectives of terang-1 were an early Pliocene limestone and a late Miocene
coarse clastic sequence both interpreted to be developed within the limits of the large Terang
anticline. The former objective was correlated with porous, detrital limestone found in Cities
Service MS 2-1A. higher seismic amplitudes within the Pliocene and uppermost late Miocene
and the presence of a flat seismic event underlying almost the entire area of mapped closure,
were interpreted to indicate the presence of gas.

The deeper late Miocene clastic sequence was postulated to has developed over an intralate Miocene unconformity surface. Structure appeared to have developed within this section by
late Miocene/early Pliocene times and potential sandstone reservoirs would have been ideally
placed to trap hydrocarbons migrating updip from nature source rocks in deeper areas north and
south of the prospect.
The well was programmed to -9960ss. To investigate the nature of the largely unknown
pre-late Miocene section which could include secondary objective sandstones and/or limestones.

The terang-1 well was drilled by the drilling barge Brinkerhoff-1( 40 above mean sea
level). The well was spudded on march 24th,1982 and drilled to a total depth of 7444 KB into
latest Early Miocene claystones and limestones. Total depth was reached on April 17 th, 1982 and
he well was plugged and abandoned as a non-commercial gas discovery on may 6th,1982.

Regional Geologic Setting


The Madura basin province of the east java sea is presently situated in a back-arc basin
north of the ative java trench and java-lombok volcanic arc system. The north-northeast
subduction of the Australian-India plate beneath the Java arc has generated compressional
stresses into the back-arc region and resulted in reactivation, since Miocene time, of older
Eocene-Oligocene back arc extentional fault systems
The Madura-Raas/Sapudi-Kangean and Sepanjang Island chain are uplifted compression
induced inversion features related to left lateral wrenching along the major boundary faults. The

Kemirian Terrace, a present day submerged inversion feature is situated immediately south of
Kangean Island and North of the terang-Sirasun fields. Inversion timingis from Miocene to
recent with compressional stresses continuing to uplift segments of the islands and nearby
structures.
A deep water back-arc basin formed in Miocene to recent time between the KangeanKemirian Inversion high and the Islan arc of Bali and of Eastern-most Java. Present day water
depths in the Madura Basin range from tens of meters on a shallow water re-entrant between
Madura and Java to a thousand meters and more (>3000) between the Kemirian Ridge and the
island of Bali.
The Madura-Sepanjang zone has restricted clastics influx into the Madura Basin, except
during Mid-late Miocene time when the Ngrayong and Paciran sandstones were deposited, and
deep water pelagic carbonates and pelagic mudstone have dominated the sedimentary column.
Inversion of the Kemiringan Ridge and continued crustal compression esulted in large
scale normal faulting down to the south into the Madura Sub-basin. A large inversion feature,
rooted in Eocene-Oligocene Ngimbang & Kujung shale formed a large back arc ridge underlying
the Terang-Sirasun fields. This ridge is continuing to grow at present time since on lap onto the
Terang structures is apparent at the seafloor.

TSB Stratigraphy
The TSB fields are located in the southern of the Kangean PSC in present day water
depths ranging from 300 to 1000. The southern Basin geologic history is difficult to interpret

from the cretaceous basement through Oligocene section due to the absence of well penetrations
and lack of deep seismic data in this section. However, nearby well control and limited deep
seismic provides sufficient data to interpret this deeper section. Seven well penetrations and
seismic provide a good data base from which to interpret the stratigraphy of the Miocene and
younger section. However, nearby well control and li,ited deep seismic provides sufficient data
to interpret this deeper section. Seven well penetrations and seismic provide a good data base
from which to interpret the stratigraphy of the Miocene and younger section.
Cretaceous sediments and metasediments, deposited within a fore-arc basin mlange
complex are believed to floor the entire region and are considered to be peneplaned during the
late cretaceous through early Eocene. Subsequent to peneplanation the Eocene through early
Eocene. Subsequent to peneplation the Eocene through Oligocene was a period of extensional
tectonics within the Madura Basin and Kangean PSC. Half graben systems formed with initial
infill of fluvial and deltaic deposits of quartz sand,coal and carbonaceous shale during the MidEocene through late Eocene forming the Ngimbang Clastics Member of the Ngimbang
Formation. A marine transgression ensued during late Eocene time, and resulted in shallow and
deep marine carbonates accumulating on the highs and in the low lying basins, respectively.
These are reffered to as the Ngimbang Carbonate Member of the Ngimbang Formation.
Following ngimbang carbonate deposition rapid regional subsidence occurred in the east
java Java Sea and an extensive and thick accumulation of bathyal shale was deposited during the
late Eocene, continuing into the early to middle Oligocene. This shale unit is comprised of the
ngimbang shale member of the ngimbang formation of late Eocene age and kujung formation of
Oligocene age. Upper Oligocene deposits vary from shallow water carbonates of the prupuh
formation to deep water bathyal shales of the kujung and lower rancak formation.

Lower Miocene to mid-miocene strata within the terang-sirasun region was encountered
in the kemirian-1, Terang-1 and Arya-1 wells. In all wells a deep water facies comprised of
interbedded claystone, siltstone and deep marine carbonates, with little to no reservoir character,
was encountered.
A regional tectonic event (N7-N14) during the mid-miocene restructured the sedimentary
basins of the kangean PSC. The kangean island and kemirian ridge inverted, or was thrust
upward at this time and sediments were shed off of the high into surrounding basins. The Terangsirasun region of the Madura basin received deep water shales and silt stone and some
thinlimestone beds during and subsequent to the inversion. The present-day structural
configuration was established at the end of the mid-miocene inversion.
Upper Miocene sediments within the Madura basin are deep water to shelf deposits of
carbonates, claystone and siliciclastic sands. The structuring of the mid-miocene period had
ceased, intervening lows were aggradationally filled and the upper Miocene cepu formation was
deposited across a gently basinward (SE) dipping deep marine platform. The Cepu formation is
comprised of argillaceous deposited as a transgressive blanket across the underlying angular
unconformity.
Overlying the cepu limestone is the upper Miocene to lower Pliocene Paciran Sandstone
Member of the Mundu formation. Paciran sands are divided into two basinward prograding
systems both of which coarsen upward from shales and silt stone to fine to medium grained
sands. These sands were deposited within an outer shelf fan/delta complex and are really
extensive within he Terang-Sirasun region. At Terang the upper Paciran sand package forms the
lower reservoir interval and is comprised of angular to subangular quartz grains of fine grained

fraction with a very small percentage of lithic grains (<10%). This sublitharenite is believed to be
derived from an exposed sedimentary terrain north of the Madura basin and was deposited in
middle to outer shelf conditions.
Overlying the sands is a deposit of deep marine pelagic carbonates comprised of an illite
clay matrix. A winnowing-sorting mechanism related to bottom currents acting upon the elevated
Terang-Sirasun ridge is called upon for explaining the accumulation of well-winnowed
grainstones. The Paciran carbonate member blankets the entire Terang-Sirasun region and is the
reservoir interval at Terang where it directly overlies the Paciran sand reservoir.
Pleistocene to recent claystones, thin bedded deep marine limestone and thin shelfal
glauconite sand units comprise the unit directly overlying the Terang and Sirasun reservoirs and
the basal claystone above the Paciran carbonate forms the seal which traps gas in the Paciran at
the two fields. Numerous slump scars and shelf edge slope failure features suggest very high
mud and liquid content and high instability of these deposits. Shallow gas bright spots-high
amplitude seismic anomalies are present in this section and drilling has proven them to be the
thin glauconitic sand and silt stone interbeds. To date, no reservoir potential exists in these
shallow gas beds. See figure 4.2

Stratigrafi TSB
Bidang TSB terletak di Selatan PSC Kangean di kedalaman air kini mulai dari u2019 300%
hingga 1000% u2019. Sejarah geologi Basin Selatan sulit untuk menafsirkan dari ruang bawah
tanah cretaceous melalui Oligocene bagian karena tidak adanya baik penetrasi dan kurangnya
data dalam seismik di bagian ini. Namun, juga kontrol dan terbatas dalam seismik terdekat
menyediakan data yang memadai untuk menafsirkan bagian ini lebih dalam. Tujuh penetrasi
yang baik dan seismik menyediakan basis data yang baik dari yang untuk menafsirkan stratigrafi
bagian Miosen dan lebih muda. Namun, juga kontrol dan li, ited mendalam seismik memberikan
data yang memadai untuk menafsirkan bagian ini lebih dalam. Tujuh penetrasi yang baik dan
seismik menyediakan basis data yang baik dari yang untuk menafsirkan stratigrafi bagian Miosen
dan lebih muda.

Cretaceous sedimen dan metasediments, disimpan dalam sebuah baskom kedepan-arc m lange
kompleks diyakini lantai seluruh wilayah dan dianggap peneplaned selama akhir cretaceous
melalui Eosen. Setelah peneplanation Eosen melalui Eosen. Setelah peneplation Eosen melalui
Oligosen adalah periode ekstensional tektonik dalam cekungan Madura dan Kangean PSC.
Setengah graben sistem dibentuk dengan awal pengisi fluvial dan lanau deposito pasir kuarsa,
batu bara dan serpih mengimbuhkan masa Eosen pertengahan melalui akhir Eosen membentuk
Ngimbang Clastics anggota pembentukan Ngimbang. Pelanggaran kelautan terjadi selama masa
Eosen akhir, dan mengakibatkan dangkal dan mendalam laut karbonat terakumulasi pada
tertinggi dan dalam cekungan rendah berbaring, masing-masing. Ini adalah dimaksud sebagai
anggota Ngimbang karbonat pembentukan Ngimbang.

Mengikuti ngimbang pengendapan karbonat subsidence regional cepat terjadi di Jawa Timur
Laut Jawa dan akumulasi luas dan tebal bathyal serpih disimpan masa Eosen akhir, berlanjut
hingga awal Oligocene tengah. Unit serpih ini terdiri dari anggota serpih ngimbang ngimbang
pembentukan pembentukan usia dan kujung Eosen akhir zaman Oligocene. Atas deposito
Oligocene bervariasi dari perairan dangkal karbonat pembentukan prupuh air dalam bathyal
serpih % u2019s kujung dan pembentukan rancak lebih rendah.
Lebih rendah Miosen ke Pertengahan Miosen strata dalam wilayah terang-sirasun ditemukan di
kemirian-1, Terang-1 dan sumur Arya-1. Di semua sumur air dalam fasies terdiri dari ditutup
oleh claystone, siltstone dan karbonat dalam laut, dengan sedikit atau tidak ada karakter
reservoir, ditemui.
Acara tektonik regional (N7-N14) selama Pertengahan Miosen direstrukturisasi cekungan
sedimen dari kangean PJP2U. Kangean island dan kemirian ridge terbalik, atau didorong ke atas
saat ini dan sedimen yang menumpahkan dari tinggi ke sekitarnya baskom. Wilayah cekungan
Madura Terang-sirasun menerima air dalam serpih dan Lumpur batu dan beberapa tempat tidur
thinlimestone selama dan setelah pembalikan. Konfigurasi struktural sekarang didirikan pada
akhir pembalikan Pertengahan Miosen.
Atas Miosen sedimen dalam cekungan Madura yang mendalam air untuk deposit rak karbonat,
pasir claystone dan siliciclastic. Penataan masa Pertengahan Miosen telah berhenti, campur
tangan terendah aggradationally dipenuhi dan pembentukan atas Miosen cepu disimpan di
seluruh lembut basinward (SE) mencelupkan jauh laut platform. Pembentukan Cepu terdiri dari
pasangnya disimpan sebagai selimut transgressive di unconformity sudut yang mendasari.

Atasnya kapur cepu adalah Miosen atas untuk menurunkan Pliosen Paciran batu pasir anggota
pembentukan Mundu. Paciran pasir dibagi menjadi dua basinward prograding sistem yang
coarsen ke atas dari serpih dan Lumpur batu denda untuk menengah berkurai sands. Ini pasir
yang disimpan dalam rak luar kipas/delta kompleks dan benar-benar luas dalam ia TerangSirasun daerah. Terang Paciran atas pasir paket bentuk interval reservoir lebih rendah dan terdiri
dari sudut untuk kuarsa subangular butir fraksi berbutir halus dengan persentase yang sangat
kecil dari biji-bijian litik tanda (& lt; 10%). Sublitharenite ini diyakini berasal dari daerah
sedimen yang terkena Utara cekungan Madura dan disimpan dalam rak tengah ke luar kondisi.

Atasnya pasir adalah deposito dari dalam laut karbonat pelagis terdiri dari tanah liat illite
matriks. Memilah-milah mekanisme yang berhubungan dengan arus bawah bertindak
berdasarkan punggungan Terang-Sirasun ditinggikan dipanggil untuk menjelaskan akumulasi
baik winnowed grainstones. Paciran karbonat anggota selimut Terang-Sirasun seluruh wilayah
dan adalah reservoir interval di mana itu langsung menutupi reservoir Paciran pasir Terang.

Pleistosen untuk claystones hari, tipis kapur mendalam laut tempat tidur dan unit glauconite
shelfal tipis pasir terdiri dari unit langsung atasnya Terang dan Sirasun waduk dan claystone
basal di atas Paciran karbonat bentuk meterai yang perangkap gas di Paciran di dua bidang.
Banyak bekas luka merosot dan rak tepi lereng kegagalan fitur menyarankan Lumpur sangat
tinggi dan konten dan tinggi cairan ketidakstabilan endapan ini. Gas dangkal cerah bintik-tinggi
amplitudo seismik anomali hadir dalam bagian ini dan pengeboran telah terbukti menjadi tipis

glauconitic pasir dan Lumpur batu interbeds. Sampai saat ini, potensi reservoir tidak ada di
tempat tidur dangkal gas. Lihat gambar 4.2

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