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5. Define CAPP?
CAD database used for process planning activites (i.e. two determine the
order of machining other manufacturing processes) are known as computer
aided process planning (CAPP).
6.
The viewpoint is the area on the screen in which the contents of the window
are to be displayed as an image.
5) What is viewing transformation and windowing transformation?
The processs of mapping from the model co-ordinate system to the screen coordinate system is known as viewing transformation
The viewing transformation in which no rotation is applied is called the
windowing transformation.
6) What is meant by Clipping?
Clipping is the process of determining the visible portion of a drawing lying
within a window and discarding the rest.
7) State the use of reflection transformation.
It allows a copy of the object to be displayed while the object is reflected about
a line or a plane.
8) What is the use shading Technique?
This technique is used to display the images in natural way. It is based on the
recognition of distance and shape as a function of illumination.
9) How information is transmitted on a network?
The data must be encoded using a protocol. Protocol is a set of rules that
control the exchange of data between the communicating devices.
10) What are the main types of 2D transformations?
i. Translation
ii. Scaling
iii. Reflection
iv. Rotation
v. Shearing
11) State the hidden line elimination.
The hidden line elimination can be stated as, For a given three
dimensional scene, a given viewing point and a given direction, eliminate from an
appropriate two dimensional projection of the edges and faces which the observer can
not see.
12) Give any two characteristics of Bezier curves.
a. The curve is tangent to the first and last segments of the characteristics
polygon.
b. The curve is symmetric with respect to u and (1-u). Therefore, the
sequence of control points defining the curve can be reversed without
change of curve shape.
13) Distinguish between Bezier curves and Cubic Spline curve.
Organize a database
Add a new data to the database
Sort the data in some meaningful order
search the database for types of information
Print the data into formatted reports
Edit the data and delete the data
3.SOLID MODELLING
1. Classify geometric modeling.
1.wire frame modeling.
2. Surface modeling.
3.solid modeling.
2
4) White are the different forms in which the FEM solutions are represented in post
processing?
(1) Tabulation Form: Here, the required numerical results are
printed in a table at all nodes and/or at all elements at
selected nodes or elements or at selected points inside
element.
(2) Graphical Form: To aid the visualization of results, the
results are also represented in graphical form, like stress
contours, animation of displacement etc.
5) What is meant by discretization in FEM?
Divide the domain into nodes and elements is known as discretization.
6) What do you mean by D.O.F. of a node?
In FEM, number of primary variables to be determined per node is known as
Degree Of Freedom of a node.
7) Name the different variational methods.
1. Ritz method
2. Rayleigh-Ritz method
8) During discretization, mention the place where it is necessary to place a node?
(1) Points at which the concentrated load acts.
(2) Points at which abrupt change in load occurs.
(3) Points at which the cross section change occurs
(4) Points at which different materials interjunction occurs.
9) Where are h and p versions in F.E. method?
The accuracy of the FEM solution can be improved by several ways. IN
conventional approach called h-version of finite element method, the order of
polynomial approximation for all elements is kept constant and the number of
elements are increased in such a way that the size of the largest element (h max)
approaches to zero. But in p-versions the number of elements is maintained constant
and the order of polynomial approximation of element is increased.
10) What is the difference between static and dynamic analysis?
Static analysis:
The solution of the problem that does not vary with time is known
as static analysis.
Example: Stress analysis on a beam, hoop stress distribution on the
cylindrical wall subjected to internal pressure, etc.
The static analysis can be further divide into Linear A non-linear static analysis.
The non-linearity in the static analysis arises because of one or more
combinations of the factors given below.
1. Material non-linearity of the material is not linear.
PART B
Unit 1
Unit 2
Interface Computer Graphics
1.What Are The 2d &3d Control Facilities. Explain In Brief With Figures.?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :
363-365
369-371
369-372
4. List The Various Input Devices For Graphics &State Their Function?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno : 330-334
5.Explain In Brief The Clipping Transformation?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :
364
Unit 3
Solid Modelling
402-413
368-378
388-415
Unit 4
Finite Element Analysis
1.Explain Briefly The Finite Element Methods? List The Basic Steps Involved In This
Methods?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :540
Ibrahim Zied
Pageno:877-879
2.Explain The Steps Involved In Finite Element Modelling?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :562-565
Ibrahim Zied
Pageno:877-879
3. Discuss The Direst Methods Of Formulating Characteristic Matrices &Vectors For
FEM?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :546-548
4. What Considerations Are Taken Into Account While Discretizing The Domine For
FEM? Explain Briefly?
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :541
Ibrahim Zied
Pageno:893-895
5. Explain The Application Of CAD & FEM
Dr.Sadhu Singh Pageno :562