1.

Introduction
Indonesia is an archipelago country which has great potential of marine resources
especially in marine fishery sector. Most of the people in the coastal area of Indonesia
live as fishermen. They are generally still use the traditional fishing boat for fishing at
sea. Most of the traditional fishing boat are built by wood as the main material. The
various type of Indonesia traditional fishing boat are scattered in various places such
as Java, Malaka, Sulawesi. Some of them are called: Perahu Lulupe, Perahu Golekan
from east Java and many more.
The traditional fishing boats in Indonesia are usually built without any calculation or
formula. The traditional boatbuilder learn the skill by the experience when they work
as an apprentice with the previous botbuilder. As the traditional boat is built without
any calculation, the shape of the hull and the ship performance are difficult tobe
calculated accurately. So that it is needed to introduce a new knowledge about
building a boat to the traditional boatbuilder in Indonesia.
Nowadays, deforestating in Indonesia makes the stock of timber decrease year by
year. Based on Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia, every year Indonesia loss almost 0.4
million hectare of forest every year between 2009-2011. It makes the government start
to limit the deforestation by make a strict regulation. Indirectly, it cause the log as the
main material of building a traditional fishing boat is difficult to find.
Based on the condition, it is needed the alternative design and alternative material to
substitute the traditional design and also the log as the main material. The project will
try to applied chine hull as an alternative design for Indonesia traditional fishing boat.
The chine hull will use a developable surface by conic method so it will be easier to
build. The chine hull design is expected that the other material can be used for the
fishing boat to replace the log as the main material.
2. Indonesia Traditional Fishing Boat
Boat builders in Indonesia are craft based and operating at a low level of technology.
Most of them work in a very simple environment. They set the yards up on the open
beach with simple awnings, or no roof at all. They use timber which can be found in
vast quantities around the boatyards as the main building material. Boat builders
works with their apprentices. On a bigger boat several boat builders work together
with one of them accepted as the project leader, usually on the basis of seniority.

The boat design is not drawn but remembered in the builders mind through his many
years of learning as an apprentice. The building techniques are started with the keel
first, followed planking. Frames are then fitted into the hull. Despite the beautiful
design of the boats, the construction contains a number of flaws which need
improvement.
3. Chine Hull
Chine hull adalah kapal dengan bentuk lambung yang memiliki sudut antara bagian
bilga dan topsidenya. Chine hull terdiri dari 2 jenis, yaitu hard chine dan soft chine.
Hard chine memiliki sudut pertemuan bilga dan topside yang lebih kecil daripada soft
chine.
4. Developable Surface
Gasphard Monge (1746 1815) stated in his Application de lanalyse a la geometrie
(1805) that a developable surface is called the surface possessing of such property
that, presumed its flexible and inextensible, we can, having bent such surface, to
impose it on a plane, to which it will adjoin then by all of its points without stretching
or tearing.
By definition, developable surfaces are characterized by having vanishing Gau
curvature, that is, they are locally isometric to the Euclidean plane (Justin Solomon
2012).
A developable surface is mathematically defined as a surface with "zero Gaussian
curvature", which means that the largest curvature times the smallest (these are the
"principal curvatures") is zero. This of course requires that one of the two principal
curvatures be zero. The surface must contain straight lines (which have zero
curvature), but it requires more than that - the straight lines must be the smallest
("least principal") curvature on the surface.
Developable surfaces can be formed from flat sheets without stretching, so the forces
required to form sheet materials into developable surfaces are much less than for other
surfaces.
Application of developable surface for designing ship were built by Hutch in 1964.
He designed a fishing vessel with conic surface. Then, in 1985 Burmeister & Wain
Shipyard in Denmark built a trade vessel with fully developable surface. Furthermore,

developable surface still used to design a ship especially for small craft design until
now.
In Indonesia, application of developable surface for designing a hull in traditional
fishing vessel is not common. The boatbuilder still build a vessel in traditional way
without any design calculation. According to Samodra statement (2009) the
boatbuilder learn their building skills by long experience as an apprentice. Hence the
design is not formally drawn but learned exactly by the master builder during his long
period as an apprentice and remembered for his lifetime.
There are therefore three types of developable surfaces.
1. surfaces in which generating lines are tangents of a space curve: this type of
surface is spanned by a set of straight lines tangential to a space curve, which is
called the edge of regression.

Fig 1. Tangential developable surface

Curves in bold are directrix or base cruves; straight lines in bold are directors or
generating lines (curves)

2. Surfaces which can be described as a generalised cone where all generating lines
run through a fixed point, the apex or vertex of the surface.

Fig 2. Conical developable surface.

Curves in bold are directrix or base cruves; straight lines in bold are directors or
generating lines (curves)

3. Surfaces which, in the same manner, can be described as a generalised cylinder,

where all generating lines are parallel, swept by a set of mutually parallel lines.

Fig 3. Cylindrical developable surface.

Curves in bold are directrix or base cruves; straight lines in bold are directors or
generating lines (curves)

5. Conic Method

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