Presention Details

TUTORIAL B1.
32 TB 496
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TESTING

DC EXTRUDED CABLE SYSTEMS FOR
POWER TRANSMISSION AT A RATED
VOLTAGE UP TO 500 kV
4 th Interactive Workshop on HV Cables, System and Accessories
Mumbai 24 - 25 th February 2015
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Copyright
DISCLAIMER
Ownership of a CIGRE publication, whether in paper form or on electronic support only infers right of use
for personal purposes. Are prohibited, except if explicitly agreed by CIGRE, total or partial
reproduction of the publication for use other than personal and transfer to a third party; hence
circulation on any intranet or other company network is forbidden.
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Content
Scope of work
Revision with respect to TB 219
Overview of tests
Technical basis Definition of test parameters
Prequalification tests
Type tests
Routine tests
Sample tests
After installation tests
Comparison with other recommendations / standards
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WG Scope of work (1)
Background
o
o
General scope
o
o
o
TB 219 issued in February 2003 addresses HVDC extruded cable

systems up to 250 kV
Due to commercially available HVDC systems above 250 kV an
update to 500 kV was necessary
Prepare a recommendation for testing DC extruded cable systems
up to 500 kV
Step 1: review TB 219 principles with respect to eventual
inadequacy for DC voltages beyond 250 kV
Step 2: develop a new recommendation (new TB)
Working Group duration: 3 years (2009-2011)
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WG Scope of work (2)
Scope of work
o
o
o
o
o
o
Survey of laboratory and operational experience

Consider extrapolation of TB 219 principles to 500 kV
Consider both submarine and land applications and aspects related
to testing of long lengths
Electrical, thermal and mechanical aspects
Refer to appropriate standards and recommendations
The recommendation to be released shall at least:
Cover Prequalification tests, Type tests, Routine tests, Sample tests,
Consider a range of type approval
Take into account laying and operational conditions when developing the
test conditions and requirements
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Survey of laboratory and operational experience
At the time of preparing this recommendation

o
o
o
o
Laboratory experience at voltages up to and including 500 kV

Operating experience limited to 200 kV
Commercial Contracts awarded at a voltage level up to 320 kV
A further increase in voltage level is to be expected and this
recommendation will therefore cover voltages up to 500 kV.
It is important to emphasise that the lack of operational
experience above 200 kV and the limited number of tests at
higher voltage levels represent an uncertainty in the preparation
of this recommendation. Consequently new relevant knowledge
that emerges from increased testing and/or service experience at
higher voltages may necessitate new revisions of this
recommendation in the future.
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WG B1.32 Members
COUNTRY
NAME
CANADA
Allen MacPhail
DENMARK
Thomas Kvarts
FRANCE
Laurent Benard
ITALY
Ernesto Zaccone
JAPAN
Seishi Hirano
KOREA
Jung-Nyun Kim
NETHERLAND
Riccardo Bodega
NORWAY
Jerome Matallana (Secretary)
NORWAY
Bjrn Sanden (Convenor)
SWEDEN
Marc Jeroense
SWITZERLAND
Detlef Wald
UK
Roman Svoma
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS:
AUSTRALIA
Joska Ferencz
ITALY
Luigi Colla
US
Steve Eckroad
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Revisions with respect to TB 219 (1)
Discussion on technical basis

o
o
o
o
Determination of voltage factors at V > 250 kV ?

Inverse power law and n values at V > 250 kV ?
Time constants at V > 250 kV, resistivity of insulating materials ?
Examination of TB 303 outcome and relevance for HVDC extruded
WG consensus: TB 219 principles shall cover higher voltage
levels until some discrepancies are displayed by operational
and/or lab experience
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Revisions with respect to TB 219 (2)
Main changes:
o
o
o
o
o
Voltage range extended to 500 kV

General text update to take into account latest revisions of IEC
60840/62067 wording
Range of approval of both prequalification and type tests have been
revised
Load cycle blocks of PQ test refers to number of cycles instead of
number of days
Duration of cycles updated to comply with IEC requirements instead
of exactly 24 h or 48 h load cycles (i.e. at least 8 h heating etc).
Adopted wording is 24 hours or 48 hours load cycles
Recommendations for routine / sample tests on cable accessories
have been included
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Scope of the recommendation
This document recommends a series of tests on extruded cables

for DC power transmission systems (land or submarine cables
with their accessories in fixed installations) up to and including
500 kV.
o
Recommendation addresses 2 type of HVDC systems

LCC (Line Commutated Converters) Classic HVDC, thyristor
technology, cable system subjected to polarity reversals
VSC (Voltage Source Converters) New generation conversion
technology based on IGBT electronics, cable system not subjected to
polarity reversals
Extruded cable systems

Within the scope of these recommendations extruded shall mean either
filled (e.g. with mineral or carbon) or unfilled and either thermoplastic
(e.g. polyethylene, etc.) or thermoset (e.g. crosslinked polyethylene,
ethylene propylene rubber, etc.) insulations.
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Overview of proposed tests (1)
Where applicable, all definitions are in line with IEC 60840 and
IEC 62067
Development Tests
o
o
Tests made during the development of the cable system

The manufacturer should complete all analyses and development
testing prior to commencing the prequalification test. The precise
nature and extent of development work and analyses shall be left to
the discretion of the manufacturer, but may include the following:
Resistivity = f(E,T), breakdown strength, space charge properties
DC field distribution within the insulation systems through resistivity
coefficients
Long term stability, ageing effect assessment
Sensitivity of electric field to variations in
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Cable dimensions
Material composition
Process conditions
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Prequalification tests (PQ tests)

o
Tests made before supplying on a general commercial basis a type

of cable system covered by this recommendation, in order to
demonstrate satisfactory long term performance of the complete
cable system.
The prequalification tests need only be carried out once unless there is
a substantial change in the cable system with respect to material,
manufacturing process, design or design electrical stress levels.
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A substantial change is defined as that which might adversely affect the

performance of the cable system
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Type tests
o
Tests made before supplying on a general commercial basis a

type of cable system covered by this recommendation, in order to
demonstrate satisfactory performance characteristics to meet the
intended application.
Once successfully completed, these tests need not be repeated,
unless changes are made in the cable or accessory with respect to
materials, manufacturing process, design or design electrical stress
levels, which might adversely change the performance characteristics.
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Routine tests
o
Sample tests
o
Made by the manufacturer on manufactured component, cable

length or accessory, to check that it meets the specified
requirements
Made by the manufacturer on samples of complete cable or
components taken from a complete cable or accessory at a
specified frequency to check that the finished product meets the
specified requirements

o
Made to demonstrate the integrity of the cable system as installed
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Technical basis (1)
Voltage factors
o
o
o
Based on available V-t characteristics for DC operation

Inverse power law provided a conservative basis for the work
A value of n = 10 was selected in TB 219 and kept by WG B1.32
since no significant finding allowed to amend this approach today
Test voltage Vdc is:
Inverse power law

V n t = const
where:
V : voltage
t : time
n : life exponent from V-t characteristics
Vdc = V0 K1
where:
V0 : system voltage
K1 : test voltage ageing factor
K1 = n
t0
t1
t0 design life
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t1 test duration
Page 15
Technical basis (2)
Test factors up to 500 kV DC
Prequalification Test
Type Test
Design Life, t0 (years)
40
40
Test Duration, t1 (days)
360
30
Test Voltage Aging Factor, K1

Test Factor
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10
40 365 / 360
1.45
10
40 365 / 30
1.85
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Technical basis (3)
Time constants
o
o
o
Determine the duration of test sequences (steady state aimed at)

Resistivity of insulation materials vs. E and T
Higher resistivity materials may be developed and a review of test
block durations may be required in the future
Temperature
(C)
(F/m)
(.m)
Time for stability, 10

(hours)
20
2x10-11<< 3x10-11
1015< < 5x1016
55<10 < 4300
60
2x10-11<< 3x10-11
2x1013<< 5x1014
1< 10 < 43
90
2x10-11< < 3x10-11
1012<< 5x1013
0.06< 10 < 4.3
Condition
Zero load
(Prequalification)
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Temperature
Testing time
(Days)
Ambient temperature
At least 120
(2015C)
At least maximal conductor
temperature
1
48 Hour Load Cycle:
(60C to 90C
(heating period)
depending on
(Type Approval)
manufacturer design)
Time for stability, 10

(Days)
2.3<10 < 180
0.003<10 <1.8
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Test objects
Example of test loop
test object
Termination
minimum 5 m cable
between Accessory
test objects
test object
Joint
0.5 m cable included in the

Accessory test object
test object
Joint
test object
Termination
test object Cable. Minimum 10 m.
minimum 5 m cable between

Accessory test objects
Back to type test

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DC tests voltages, examples
Rated
voltage
Type test
Routine tests
U0 (kV) UT (kV) = 1.85xU0
PQ test: Load cycle test

Type test: Polarity reversals
After installation test
PQ test: Polarity
reversals
UTP1 (kV) = 1.45xU0
UTP2 (kV) = 1.25xU0
300
555
435
375
320
592
465
400
400
740
580
500
500
925
725
625
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Impulse tests voltages
Lightning impulse (LI)

o
UP1 = 1.15 x max. absolute value

of the design LI voltage when LI
has opposite polarity to DC
Switching Impulse (SI)

o
UP2,S = 1.15 x max. absolute

value of the design SI voltage
when SI has same polarity as DC
UP2,O = 1.15 x max. absolute
value of the design SI voltage
when SI has opposite polarity as
DC
kV
kV
U P2,S
U0
VSC, same polarity positive

switching impulse
- U P2,O
LCC or VSC, opposite polarity

negative switching impulse
kV
kV
t
- U0
U P2,O
- U P2,S
VSC, same polarity negative

switching impulse
- U0
LCC or VSC, opposite polarity

positive switching impulse
kV
kV
U P1
- U0
LCC or VSC, positive lightning impulse
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U0
U0
t
- U P1
LCC or VSC, negative lightning impulse
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Thermal parameters
Tcond,max
o
o
Tmax
o
o
o
o
Maximum temperature the cable conductor is designed to operate

Stated by the supplier
Maximum temperature drop over the cable insulation in steady
state at which the cable is designed to operate
The semiconducting screens are not included
This value is stated and calculated by the supplier
The supplier shall correlate this design value with data measured
during testing
Ambient temperature
o
(20 15) C
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Thermal conditions for tests (1)
Load Cycles (LC)

o
o
Consist of a heating period followed by a cooling period

24 hours load cycles
At least 8 h heating
During at least the 2 last hours of heating
Tcond Tcond,max
T Tmax
At least 16 h of natural cooling
48 hours load cycles

At least 24 h heating
During at least the 18 last hours of heating
Tcond Tcond,max
T Tmax
At least 24 h of natural cooling
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Thermal conditions for tests (2)
High Load (HL)

o
o
Consists of a continuous heating period

Within the first 8 hours, the following conditions shall be achieved
Tcond Tcond,max
T Tmax
Zero load (ZL)

o
If, for practical reasons, these conditions are not met within 8 h, a
longer time can be used, although not constituting as being part of the
test period
No heating applied
Prior to impulse tests

o
The following conditions shall be met for at least 10 h before impulses

Tcond Tcond,max
T Tmax
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Specific test conditions (1)
Polarity reversal test (PR) 24 hours load cycles

o
o
o
o
o
LC sequence and voltage as described previously

Starting with positive polarity
3 polarity reversals evenly distributed shall be performed during a
24 hours load cycle (therefore at least 8 h between reversals)
One reversal shall coincide with the cessation of heating current
Polarity reversal performed within 2 minutes. If, for practical
reasons, this cannot be achieved, the duration shall be agreed
between customer and supplier
Superimposed impulse voltage tests

o
o
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Prior to impulse tests, the temperature conditions defined in the

previous slide shall be achieved but the DC voltage U0 shall also
be applied for at least 10 h
This was selected to reflect the electric dynamics of extruded
insulations under HVDC
Page 24
Specific test conditions (2)
Check on insulation thickness of cable (IEC 60811-1-1)

o
o
Prior to all electrical tests

Consistency with IEC 60840 and IEC 62067 standards
Return cable voltage definitions

o
URC,AC
Maximum voltage a return cable can experience due to temporary
damped AC overvoltage (typically due to a commutation failure)
The nature of the overvoltage depends upon the configuration of the
HVDC link and needs to be calculated for each case
URC,DC
Maximum DC voltage in normal operation
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The prequalification test is intended to indicate the long-term

performance of the complete cable system and should
normally be carried out after the development tests have been
completed.
The prequalification test needs only be carried out once,
unless there is a substantial change in the cable system with
respect to materials, manufacturing processes, construction or
design parameters.
o
o
A substantial change is defined as that which might adversely

affect the performance of the cable system.
The supplier shall provide a detailed case including test evidence
if modifications are introduced, which are claimed not to constitute
a substantial change.
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Range of approval
o
o
o
o
o
o
The rated voltage U0 is not more than 10% higher than that of the tested cable
system.
The calculated average electrical stress in the insulation (given by U0 divided by the
nominal insulation thickness) is less than or equal to that of the tested system.
The calculated Laplace electrical stress at U0 (using nominal dimensions) at the
cable conductor and insulation screen is less than or equal to that of the tested
system.
The maximum conductor temperature Tcond,max is less than or equal to that of the
tested system.
The maximum temperature drop across the insulation layer Tmax (excluding the
semiconducting screens) is less than or equal to that of the tested system.
A cable system prequalified according to this recommendation for LCC is also
prequalified for VSC. A cable system prequalified according to this recommendation
for VSC is not prequalified for LCC.
An unarmoured cable prequalified according to this recommendation prequalifies an
armoured cable and vice versa
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Comments to the range of approval

Cigr TB 303 is a relevant document to assess the need for further PQ
testing but the concept of Extension of Qualification cannot be implemented
for HVDC extruded given the current state-of-the-art
o For the sake of clarity, no consideration of DC electrical stress involved in
this range of approval
o
Establishing the DC stress involves calculations based on material properties that

are established from non standardised measurements, e.g. conduction current as
a function of temperature and electrical stress
DC stress is a critical design criteria and each supplier must have detailed
knowledge of their cable system
The use of a large conductor cross-section is recommended to cover

thermo-mechanical aspects
o PQ tests performed according to TB 219 are valid
o The aim of the impulse test at the end of the PQ test sequence is to check
the integrity of the cable system. It does not qualify the system for a given
impulse level. Project-specific impulse levels should be qualified during the
type test
o
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General
o
o
o
Test arrangement
o
o
At least 100 m of cable including at least one complete accessory of

each type should be tested
Where appropriate mechanical preconditioning may be considered
before starting the PQ test
Minimum duration of voltage test is 360 days
Cable and accessories shall be assembled according to
manufacturer's instructions
The test loop should reflect the installation conditions
Sequence of tests
o
o
o
Long duration voltage test

Superimposed impulse voltage test
Examination
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Long duration voltage test, LCC sequence
Number of
cycles or days
Test Voltage
LC
LC
LC+PR
HL
HL
ZL
LC
LC
LC+PR
S/IMP
30
cycles
30
cycles
20
cycles
40
days
40
days
120
days
30
cycles
30
cycles
20
cycles
Not applicable
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP2
UTP2
UP2,O = 1.2 x U0
UP1 = 2.1 x U0*
Long duration voltage test, VSC sequence
Number of
cycles or days
Test Voltage
LC
LC
HL
HL
ZL
LC
LC
S/IMP
40
cycles
40
cycles
40
days
40
days
120
days
40
cycles
40
cycles
Not applicable
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UTP1
UP2,O = 1.2 x U0
UP1 = 2.1 x U0*
LC=Load Cycle, HL=High Load, PR=Polarity Reversal, ZL=Zero Load, S/IMP=Superimposed Impulse Test.
* If required
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Impulse test levels

o
o
o
UP2,O = 1.2 x U0
UP1 = 2.1 x U0 (agreement between customer and supplier)
Tests shall be performed on the complete assembly or on one or
more cable samples with a minimum total active length of 30 m cut
from the complete assembly
Note on success criteria - Interruptions

o
In case of interruption due to external factors the test may be

resumed
If the interruption is longer than 30 minutes the specific lost load cycle
shall be repeated
If the interruption happens during a constant load period and is longer
than 30 minutes, the day the interruption occurred shall be repeated
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Example: Prequalification Test VSC, U0 = 320 kV

VSC prequalification test schedule
600
Load Cycles :
400
Test Voltage (kV)
+ 1.45 x UO 40 cycles
200
8 h heating / 16 h cooling
(applied current leads to design temperature)
0
0
40
80
T120
Tmax 200
for at least
2280
h
max & 160
240
320
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 32

600
Test Voltage (kV)
400
Load Cycles :
- 1.45 x UO 40 cycles
200
0
0
40
80
120
160 & T
200
240
280
320
Tmax
max for at least 2 h
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 33

600
400
Test Voltage (kV)
High Load :
+ 1.45 x UO 40 days
200
Continuous Heating
0
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
Tmax & Tmax
280
320
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 34

600
High Load :
400
Test Voltage (kV)
- 1.45 x UO 40 days
Continuous Heating
200
0
0
40
80
120
160
Tmax & Tmax

200
240
280
320
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 35

600
Test Voltage (kV)
400
Zero Load :
200
- 1.45 x UO 120 days

No Heating
0
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 36

600
400
Test Voltage (kV)
Load Cycles :
200
+ 1.45 x UO 40 cycles
0
0
-200

40
80
160
200
120
Tmax & Tmax for at least 2 h
240
280
320
360
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 37

600
400
Test Voltage (kV)
Load Cycles :
- 1.45 x UO 40 cycles
200
0
0
40
80
160
200
240
Tmax
& T120
for
at
least
2
h
max
280
320
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 38

600
Impulse superimposed to DC Test :

after min. 360 days DC testing
400
Test Voltage (kV)
U0 applied for at least 10 hours

Tmax & Tmax for at least 10 hours
200
Waveform according to IEC 60230

0
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
-200
-400
-600
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Elapsed Time (days)
Page 39
Type Test
Range of approval (1)

o
o
o
o
o
The actual designs, materials, manufacturing processes and service

conditions for the cable system are in all essential aspects equal.
All service voltages, U0, UP1, UP2,S and UP2,O (URC,AC and URC,DC in case of
return cable), are less than or equal to those of the tested cable system.
The mechanical stresses to be applied during preconditioning are less than
or equal to those of the tested cable system.
The service maximum conductor temperature Tcond,max is less than or equal
to that of the tested cable system.
The maximum temperature drop across the insulation layer Tmax
(excluding the semiconducting screens) is less than or equal to that of the
tested cable system.
The actual conductor cross-section is not larger than that of the tested cable
system.
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Type Test
Range of approval (2)

The calculated average electrical stress in the insulation (given by U0
divided by the nominal insulation thickness) is less than or equal to that of
the tested system.
o The calculated Laplace electrical stress (using nominal dimensions) at the
cable conductor and insulation screen is less than or equal to that of the
tested system.
o A cable system qualified according to this recommendation for LCC is also
qualified for VSC provided the switching impulse withstand tests at UP2,S
voltage levels as specified in 4.4.3.3 are carried out. A cable system
qualified according to this recommendation for VSC is not qualified for LCC
o
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Type Test
Comments to the range of approval

o
For the sake of clarity, no consideration of DC electrical stress involved in

this range of approval
Establishing the DC stress involves calculations based on material properties that
are established from non standardised measurements, e.g. conduction current as
a function of temperature and electrical stress
DC stress is a critical design criteria and each supplier must have detailed
knowledge of their cable system
Non-electrical tests need not be carried out on samples from cables of

different voltage ratings and/or conductor cross-sections unless different
materials and/or different manufacturing processes are involved
o If the combination of materials applied over the screened core is different
from that of the cable on which type tests have been carried out previously,
repetition of ageing tests on pieces of complete cable for compatibility
purposes may be required
o Type tests successfully performed according to TB 219 are valid
o
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Type Test
Test objects
o
o
All components of the cable system shall be subjected to type test

Different parts of a system could be in different loops
Non-electrical type tests

o
o
o
o
The cable system shall be applied to non-electrical type testing as

specified in IEC 62067 Ed. 2
Land cable systems including water blocking featurs shall be
subjected to a water penetration test as specified in IEC 62067 Ed.
2
Submarine cable systems shall be subjected to a water integrity test
as specified in Electra 189, April 2000
Cables with metallic earthing connections through plastic sheath
shall be subjected to the relevant test in Electra 189, April 2000
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Type Test: Electrical Type Test

Submarine cables
Tensile bend test
Electra
Electra171
171[13]
[7]
Land cables
Bend test
IEC 62067 [4]
LCC Load Cycling

( 4.4.2.2)
VSC Load Cycling

( 4.4.2.3)
LCC Switching
( 4.4.3.2)
VSC Switching
( 4.4.3.3)
Mechanical preconditioning
Appropriate for land or submarine
cable application
o Aim: subject the test object to the
maximum mechanical stress
experienced during handling,
installation and recovery
o Land cable systems: IEC 62067 Ed. 2
o Submarine cable systems: Electra 171
o
Electrical tests sequence

o
Lightning
( 4.4.3.4)
o
o
o
Subsequent DC
( 4.4.3.5)
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Load cycles tests

Superimposed impulse tests
Subsequent DC test
Test of outer protection for joints
Examination
Page 44
Type Test
Note on success criteria - Interruptions

o
In case of interruption caused by external factors, the test may be

resumed
Interruption > 30 min: the specific lost load cycle shall be repeated
Interruption > 24 h: the actual test block shall be repeated (24
hours LC block, 24 hours LC block with polarity reversals, 48 hours
LC block)
Note on rest periods between test blocks

o
o
o
o
Minimum rest periods of 24 h are recommended between test

blocks of different polarities
No voltage, heating applied (at the discretion of the manufacturer)
The goal is to relax the electrical / eventually mechanical stresses
Rest periods do not apply to individual polarity reversals in the
polarity reversal blocks
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Page 45
Type Test VSC
VSC electrical test sequence

o
o
o
o
12 x 24 hours Load Cycles at -UT

12 x 24 hours Load Cycles at +UT
Superimposed switching impulse withstand test
Test loop at U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP2,S

Test loop at U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to -UP2,O
Test loop at -U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to -UP2,S
Test loop at -U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP2,O
Superimposed lightning impulse withstand test (if required)

Test loop at U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP1
Test loop at -U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP1
Subsequent DC test
2 h at UT , no heating
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Type Test LCC (1)
LCC electrical test sequence

o
o
o
o
o
8 x 24 hours Load Cycles at -UT

8 x 24 hours Load Cycles with polarity reversals at UTP1
Superimposed switching impulse withstand test
Test loop at U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to -UP2,O
Test loop at -U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP2,O
Additional superimposed switching impulse withstand test for LCC

systems intended to be qualified for VSC application
Test loop at U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP2,S
Test loop at -U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to -UP2,S
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Type Test LCC (2)
LCC electrical test sequence

o
Superimposed lightning impulse withstand test (if required)

Test loop at U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP1
Test loop at -U0 , 10 consecutive impulses to UP1
Subsequent DC test
2 h at UT , no heating
Cigr SCB1
Page 48
Type Test
Other tests
o
After both VSC and LCC test sequences, test of outer protection for
joints intended for burial on land shall be performed as specified in
IEC 62067 12.4
Cables with longitudinally applied metal tape or foil bonded to the
oversheath shall be subjected to tests specified in IEC 62067
Cigr SCB1
Page 49
Type Test
Return cable test sequence

o
o
Mechanical preconditioning
Thermo-mechanical preconditioning
24 daily cycles, i.e. 24 hours Load Cycles without any requirement
on Tmax
No voltage applied
AC voltage test at
1.15 x URC,AC at power frequency for 30 minutes
Ambient temperature
o
o
Lightning impulse withstand test at relevant test voltages

Cable with integrated return conductor
For such a design, the return path function should be tested together
with the power transmission cable in an integrated test program
The test program shall be agreed between customer and supplier
Cigr SCB1
Page 50
Example: Type Test Sequence VSC, U0 = 300 kV

VSC Type Test schedule
600
1/ 24 h Load Cycles -UT

-1.85 x UO 12 load cycles
400
Test Voltage (kV)
200
Tmax & Tmax
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
-200
-400
-600
Elapsed time (hours)
Cigr SCB1
Page 51

600
2/ 24 h Load Cycles +UT
Test Voltage (kV)
400
+1.85 x UO 12 load cycles

200
Tmax & Tmax
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
-200
-400
-600
Cigr SCB1
Page 52

600
3/ 48 h Load Cycles +UT
400
+ 1.85 x UO 3 load cycles
Test Voltage (kV)
200
Tmax & Tmax
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
-200
-400
-600
Cigr SCB1
Page 53

4/ Switching Impulse Withstand Test
Maximum temperature (applied current leads to design temperature)
Tmax & Tmax and U0 for 10 h minimum before testing
Test object under +U0
10 consecutive shots, same polarity as DC
Switching Impulse voltage : +UP2,S
Waveform in agreement with IEC 60230
10 consecutive shots, opposite polarity to DC
Switching Impulse level : -UP2,O
Test object under -U0

10 consecutive shots, same polarity as DC
Switching Impulse voltage : -UP2,S
Switching Impulse voltage : +UP2,O
Cigr SCB1
Page 54

5/ Lightning Impulse Test (if required)
Maximum temperature (applied current leads to design temperature)
Tmax & Tmax and U0 level for 10 h minimum before testing
Test object under +U0
Lightning Impulse voltage : - UP1
Test object under -U0

Lightning Impulse voltage : +UP1
6/ Conclusion : Subsequent DC Test

-1.85 x UO for 2 hours No heating
Cigr SCB1
Page 55
Routine Tests (1)
Routine test on transmission cables

o
o
o
Each delivery length shall be submitted to UT = 1.85 x U0 for 1 hour

AC voltage testing could be considered provided the insulation
system and the cable design allow AC testing
If AC testing is impractical due to the cable length, the voltage level,
the frequency, the voltage level, frequency and time of application
can be adjusted to perform the test (agreement between client and
supplier)
Routine tests on cable accessories

o
The experience of using DC voltages for routine testing of

accessories for DC extruded cables is limited, and the efficiency not
proven so far
Testing with AC could be a relevant alternative, provided that the
insulation system and the design allow AC testing
Cigr SCB1
Page 56
Routine Tests (2)
Routine tests on cable accessories

o
Tests on prefabricated joints and terminations

DC test voltage applied to the main insulation of each individual
prefabricated accessory shall be performed. Same requirement as for
the cable alone (UT = 1.85 x U0 for 1 hour )
AC voltage test, if applicable
PD measurement, if applicable
Test on factory joints of submarine cables
DC test (UT = 1.85 x U0 for 1 hour )

AC voltage test, if applicable
PD measurement, if applicable
X-ray inspection
Repair joint for submarine cables
Same procedure as for prefabricated joints and terminations

Agreement between client and supplier if the joint is not built of any prefabricated component
Cigr SCB1
Page 57
Routine Tests (3)
Return cables or conductors

o
o
o
o
Each delivery length shall be submitted to a voltage test

AC testing is preferred
Voltage level and time of application shall be agreed between
supplier and client
If the AC test is rendered impractical (long manufacturing lengths,
high voltage levels), a suitable DC voltage shall be applied instead
(agreement between client and supplier)
DC test voltage 2.5 x URC,DC or 25 kV
Voltage applied for 1 hour
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Page 58
Sample Tests (1)
Sample tests on transmission cables (refer to IEC 62067)

o
o
o
For materials not mentioned in IEC 60840 / 62067, the test program
shall be agreed between manufacturer and customer
Frequency of test: in agreement with IEC 62067
Tests
Cigr SCB1
Conductor examination
Electrical resistance of conductor
Capacitance
Thickness of insulation and non-metallic sheath
Thickness of metallic sheath
Diameters, if required
Density of HDPE insulation, if required
Impulse voltage test
Water penetration test, if applicable
Tests on components of cables with longitudinally applied metal tape or foil,
bonded to the oversheath, if applicable
Page 59
Sample Tests (2)
Sample tests on factory joints for submarine cables (1)

o
o
o
For a submarine cable system, the sample tests shall be performed

on one factory conductor joint only, prior to starting manufacture of
the joints
A sample of at least 10 m of cable and a factory joint shall be
prepared for the test
Tensile test
The tensile test of the conductor joint shall be performed according to
manufacturer specification
The tensile force applied to the conductor shall not be lower than the
design value
Test omitted if the factory joint is type tested under the contract
Cigr SCB1
Page 60
Sample Tests (3)
Sample tests on factory joints for submarine cables (2)

o
PD measurement and AC voltage

Test performed if applicable to the insulation system
Performed after restoring the outer semiconductive layer and the metallic
ground conductor or outer sheath
PD measurement and AC voltage test shall be performed according to
the manufacturer quality assurance procedures
o
o
Impulse voltage test

Hot set test for insulation where applicable
Refer to IEC 62067 10.9
Pass criteria
If a factory joint fails in any of the listed items above, 2 additional joints
shall be tested successfully
Cigr SCB1
Page 61
Sample Tests (4)
Sample tests on repair joints and terminations

o
o
Sample tests are not applicable for repair joints and terminations for
submarine cable systems
They shall be routine tested ( 5.2.1 and 5.2.3 of the present
technical brochure)
Sample tests on field moulded joints

o
o
o
o
These joints may be used for land cable systems

They cannot be routine tested and the sample test sequence as
requested in IEC 62067 is recommended
Frequency of tests and procedure as described in IEC 62067
Same tests as for factory joints of submarine cables of the present
technical brochure ( 5.2.2)
Cigr SCB1
Page 62
After installation Tests
High voltage test

o
o
o
Test on polymeric sheath

o
o
The installed cable system shall be subjected to a negative DC

voltage of UT = 1.45 x U0 for 1 hour
The return cable system shall be subjected to a negative DC voltage
that was agreed between supplier and client for 1 hour
Negative polarity is applied regardless the polarity of the pole
Used to be applied for underground cables
Shall be performed according to IEC 60229, if appropriate
TDR measurement (for engineering information)

o
Fingerprint of the wave propagation of the cable
Cigr SCB1
Page 63
Cigr SCB1
Page 64

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TUTORIAL B1.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TESTING

WG Scope of work (1)

TB 219 issued in February 2003 addresses HVDC extruded cable

Working Group duration: 3 years (2009-2011)

WG Scope of work (2)

Survey of laboratory and operational experience

Survey of laboratory and operational experience

At the time of preparing this recommendation

Laboratory experience at voltages up to and including 500 kV

Jerome Matallana (Secretary)

Bjrn Sanden (Convenor)

Revisions with respect to TB 219 (1)

Discussion on technical basis

Determination of voltage factors at V > 250 kV ?

Revisions with respect to TB 219 (2)

Voltage range extended to 500 kV

Scope of the recommendation

This document recommends a series of tests on extruded cables

Recommendation addresses 2 type of HVDC systems

Extruded cable systems

Overview of proposed tests (1)

Tests made during the development of the cable system

Overview of proposed tests (2)

Prequalification tests (PQ tests)

Tests made before supplying on a general commercial basis a type

A substantial change is defined as that which might adversely affect the

Overview of proposed tests (3)

Tests made before supplying on a general commercial basis a

Overview of proposed tests (4)

Made by the manufacturer on manufactured component, cable

After installation tests

Made to demonstrate the integrity of the cable system as installed

Technical basis (1)

Based on available V-t characteristics for DC operation

Inverse power law

Technical basis (2)

Test factors up to 500 kV DC

Design Life, t0 (years)

Test Duration, t1 (days)

Test Voltage Aging Factor, K1

Technical basis (3)

Determine the duration of test sequences (steady state aimed at)

Time for stability, 10

1015< < 5x1016

55<10 < 4300

2x10-11< < 3x10-11

0.06< 10 < 4.3

Time for stability, 10

0.5 m cable included in the

test object Cable. Minimum 10 m.

minimum 5 m cable between

Back to type test

DC tests voltages, examples

U0 (kV) UT (kV) = 1.85xU0

PQ test: Load cycle test

UTP1 (kV) = 1.45xU0

UTP2 (kV) = 1.25xU0

Impulse tests voltages

Lightning impulse (LI)

UP1 = 1.15 x max. absolute value

Switching Impulse (SI)

UP2,S = 1.15 x max. absolute