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CONTENTS

1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NTPC

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF COMBINE CYCLE
3. SAILENT FEATURES OF ANTA STATION
4. GAS TURBINE
5. WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER
6. STEAM TURBINE
7. COOLING TOWER
8.POWER PLANT CHEMISTRY
9.TRANSFORMER
10.SWITCHYARD
11.CONTROL & MONITERING MECHANISM

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BRIEF NTPC- AN INTEGRATED POWER MAJOR

A journey towards excellence established in 7nov.1975, NTPC limited, a
premier sector enterprise, is Indias largest power utility with an installed capacity
of 27,904MW through 26 power stations including stations operated under joint
exploration, power distribution trading and also plans to enter into nuclear power
development. NTPC plans to become a 50, 000 MW Company by 2012 and
75,000MW plus company by 2017. The company contributed 29.25% of the total
electricity generated in the country during 2006-07 with 20.71% share of the total
installed capacity of the nation including capacity and generation of joint venture
companies.

COMBINED CYCLE TECHNOLOGY

The year was 1985, government of India decided to effectively use the sweetened
natural gas, which was to be made available by GAIL through cross-country
HBJ gas pipe line NTPC was entrusted with a responsibility to set up gas based
power project in Gujarat, Rajasthan and utter Pradesh, NTPC submitted the
feasibility reports for 3 gas based projects at anta (Rajasthan), Auraiya (U.P.) and
kawas (Gujarat).
The feasibility report of anta was approved by government of India in
October, 1986. The land was simultaneously acquired, bhoomi poojan of the land
to star the work performed on 16.01.1987 by the then CMD shri M.L. shishoo, and
the charging of construction power was inaugurated

MILE STONE
Govt. approval of feasibility report
20.10.86
Bhoomi poojan
16.01.87
Award of main plant turnkey contract
24.08.87
Synchronization of GT-1
20.01.89
Synchronization of GT-2
04.03.89
Synchronization of GT-3
04.05.89
Synchronization of ST
09.03.90
Location
: anta in Baran district of Rajasthan
Total land
: 390.75 acres.
Fuel
: natural gas naphtha
Water source
; KOTA RIGHT MAIN CANAL
NET plant output
: 419.33MW

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GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF
COMBINED CYCLE
The 419.33MW anta combined cycle power plant consists of three gas
turbines generator sets of 89.20MW each and one steam turbine generator set of
153.20 MW.the gas turbine are equipped with a dual fuel burner for gaseous fuel
(natural) and liquid fuel (naphtha).the station can be operated in the open cycle
mode via their exhaust gas bypass stacks or as modules together with their waste
heat recovery boilers and STG in the combined cycle mode.
The WHRB `S is designed as dual pressure boilers with high
pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP) sections and condensate preheating at the tail
end. The condensate pumped from the condenser hot well is degasified in the
deairator at constant pressure and stored in the feed water tank. From feed water
tank, the boiler feed water is extracted by mean of separate boiler feed water
pumps for the HP and LP system serving the 3 WHRB`S in common HP and LP
main steam lines the turbojet is composed of a single flow HP turbine and one
double flow LP turbine. The Generator is directly coupled to the shaft of LP
cylinder. The exhaust steam of the STG is condensed in a surface condenser cooled
by fresh water of the right main Kota canal in the once through cycle. During the
shut down of canal, the condenser is cooled via a wet cooling tower in the closed
cycle alternatively.
For start up and shut down as well as trip of STG one common
HP and LP steam bypass station for all 3 modules are provided leading the steam
directly into the condenser. Additional steam charged air presenters are installed in
front of the GT-compressor inlet to preheat the intake air for the gas turbine,
improving the heat rate during part load operation.

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SALIENT FEATURES OF ANTA

1. GAS TURBINE
REACTION TURBINE
2. GT COMPRESSOR
3. COMBUSTION CHAMBER
4. AIR INTAKE FILTER
5. BYPASS STACK
6. WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
BOILER

7. STEAM TURBINE

8. CONDENSOR

9. GENERATOR

10. BLACK START FACILITY

11. COOLING SYSTEM FOR
CONDENSER
12. PT.PLANT
13. DM.WATER PLANT
14. NET PLANT OUT
15. FUEL

16. WATER SOURCE

17. RESERVIOUR
18. TOTAL LAND
19. Plant output

: 89.20MW, TYPE 13D-2, ABB MAKE, 5th STAGE

: 18th STAGE AXU\IAL FLOW, RECTION
BLADING
: SINGLE SILO TYPE, DUAL FUEL FIRED
BURNER
: SELF CLEANING, SYNTHATIC PAPER,
TOTAL 945 FILTERS IN THREE TIERS.
: VERTICAL 25M.HIGH.
: DUAL PRESSURE, DOUBLEDRUM, UNFIRED,
FORCED CIRCULATION.
PRESSURE
FLOW
TEMP
: HP 62.70BAR
163 T/Hr
4850C
: LP 5.5 BAR
39.1T/Hr
2070C
153.20MW, TANDEM COMPOUNDED,
DOUBLE EXHAUST, CONDENSING TYPE,
SINGLE FLOW HYORRIZONTAL 25 STAGE
HP TURBINES.
: DOUBLE PASS SURFACE CONDENSORWITH
STAINLESS STEEL TUBES, COOLING
13988M3.
: 3 PHASES, TWO POLE, AIR COOLED
OUT PUT
VOLTAGE SPEED
GTG. 135MVA
10.5 KV
3000 RPM
STG. 191MVA
15.75 KV 3000 RPM
: 2.4MW DIESEL GENNERATOR SET, V-6.6KV
: 3*50% COOLING WATER PP AND
2*50% COOLING TOWER PP, CAPACITY15000M3
EACH, 11 NOS ARIFLOCCUATORS, CAP.110M3/HR
:2NOS ARIFLOCCULATORS, CAP.110M3/HR
: TWO STREAM OF 35 M3/HR EACH
: 419.33MW,
: NATURAL GAS (MAIN FUEL), THROUGH
HBJ PIPE LINE, NAPHTHA, (ALTERNATER)
FUEL BY ROAD TANKER
: KOTA RIGHT MAIN CANAL
: 10 MILLION M3, FOR 1 MONTH
: 390.75 ACRES

: 419.33MW

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GAS TURBINE
General description
A gas turbine plant in its most simple form consists of following main part:1. Air intake system
2. Compressor
3. Combustion chamber
4. Turbine
5. Generator
6. Main bearing thrust bearing
7. Hydraulic oil lubrication oil
8. Oil pump:-main oil pump, auxiliary oil pump, hydraulic oil pump, recirculation
oil pump,Dc emergency oil pump, jack oil pump, barring oil pump (ac/dc supply)
9. Naphtha fuel pump.
10. Bleed valves 4nos.
1. Air intake system
The air flow radial inward through the filter elements then upward to clean air
duct. The air inlet connection has horizontal air inlet and situated axially in front of
the compressor. Three are three horizontal floors in filter house each floors carry
315 filters. (Total filters are made of synthetic and cellulose fibers, using resin
impregnated.
2. Compressor
It is 18 stages with additional inlet guide blade, axial flow, reaction
compressor. The blade of the 18 rotor and 19 fixed rows are made of high tensile
ferric chrome steel.
The compressor casing is horizontally split at axis, and is made of spherical
graphite cast iron. This material possesses high tensile strength and good
expansion quality. Upper and lower halves of the compressor casing are provided
with robust flanges and are held together by expansion studs with socket head. The
compressor casing has three circular ducts at 4TH, 7TH, 10TH row of fixed blades.
These ducts are closed to the out side by four bleed valves. Bleed valves are kept
open unto 2700rpm, so that certain amount of compressor air can be blown off.
These bleed valves reduces the external power input required running compressor
during start up.

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COMBUSTION CHAMBER
In combustion chamber, the air compressed and supplied by compressor is
brought to the required process temp. By combustion of liquid/gas fuel. The single
combustion chamber is fitted with only one duel fired burner and mounted
vertically on the compressor/turbine assembly.
The combustion chamber is all welded steel plate fabricated. The main parts
are jacket with cover, lower upper combustion chamber bodies, finned segment
body, burner and inner casing.
Combustion chamber jacket, which houses the components, is made of heat
resistant, low alloy ferrite steel. Finned segment body encloses the hottest zone of
the combustion chamber.
The air from the compressor enter the combustion chamber from below and
flow upward through the annular space between combustion chamber jacket and
inner section of the lower combustion chamber body. Approximately 30% air flow
enter the combustion chamber through eight mixing nozzles provided at the lower
body as secondary and approximately30% air flow enter the combustion chamber
through upper body via finned segment row (there are 5row,the remaining40%flow
as primary air for combustion, into the swirl insert and enter the combustion space
with turbulence. After the fuel has ignited these gases are thoroughly mixed with
secondary air from mixing nozzles and brought to the permissible turbine inlet
temp.
The inner casing guides the hot gases coming from combustion chamber to
the turbine balding. It is thin welled construction made of heat resistant chromenickel austenitic alloy.

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Turbine
Turbine is five stage reaction turbines. Due to high temp. Of incoming
gases, the first and second row of rotor and fixed blading are air cooled with air
from compressor discharge. The cooling air is fed to the frist&second row of fixed
blades through holes drilled in the blade carrier and to the frist&second row of
rotor blades through hole drilled in shaft. Cooling air passes along several holes
made in blades and finally blowing out through numbers of slits in the trailing
/leading edge of the blade. This method of cooling ensures that blades are
thoroughly cooled, there by avoiding cracks induced by thermal stresses. These
cooled blades are fixed rotor blades of other rows are made of cast in nickel based
alloy. The fourth and fifth row of rotor blades fifth row of fixed blades are drop
forged. Turbine outer casing is split into two halves like compressor casing. The
turbine and compressor casing are bolted together at radial flange with expansion
bolts, turbine casing is made of heat resisting ferrite steel in order to with stand
thermal stresses. The blade carrier for turbine fixed blades is made of ferrite steel
alloy casting and axially like turbine/compressor.
27C
0.9745BAR
60%RH
370Kg/S
Ai r intake

BURN
ER
CCH

92MW

GEN.

18STAGE
E
COMP.

5STAGE
TURB.

505oc
EXHAUST
PR.0.980

Schematic diagram of ABB 13D2 gas turbine is shown in fig. the special feature of
ABB 13D2 gas turbine is:

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FEATURES OF ABB 13D2 TYPE GAS TURBINE

1. A single shaft of welded construction.
2. Axial compressor of 18 stages with bleed valves after 3rd, 6th, 9th
stages for protection against surging and also to reduce power required for startup.
3. A single combustion chamber with a single burner. The combustion
chamber is mounted vertically on the turbine outer casing. The large size of the
combustion chamber provides easy access to inspection of its internals as well as
approach to the turbine inner casing and first stage blades of turbine.
4. The burner is of dual fuel design and either gas, naphtha (or any
liquid fuel) or both can be fired.
5. Five stage axial turbine with axial exhaust for easy connection to a waste heat
boiler. First two stages of turbine blades are coated.
6. First 5 stage of compressor blades are coated to protect against
corrosion due to humidity.
7. First 2 stages of turbine blades are coated against high temperature
corrosion.

ORTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS TURBINE:

1. The gas flow ducts must offer minimum hydraulic resistance.
2. The axial flow at exit from last stage of a gas turbine constitutes
150-200
mm/s and the kinetic energy of the gases attain 10% of the total useful energy. To
minimize losses an exhaust diffuser is provided.
3. If the ratio of mid diameter of stage to blade height is less than or equalto12
to14 twisted blades are decided.
4. There is no extraction like in steam turbines hence the flow path is simpler.
5. Liquid fuel usually contain impurities like VA, NA, S, etc. these
substances
destroy corrosion protective film on heat resistant steels.

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6. Along with use of high temp and heat resistant metals, various design techniques
are employed to reduce temperature levels and
remove heat from the hottest
elements in gas turbines. As much as 15% of compressor discharge air is used for
cooling of blades, rotors and blade carrier etc.
7. First rows of blades are made hollow or have longitudinal bore holes for
cooling. Non cooled blades are made solid and often have a
thinned portion at
the tip to minimize risk of damage on contact with the turbine casing.
8. Gas turbine rotors are usually disc type with intense cooling arrangement.
9.turbine blade carrier is horizontal split and is of strong and stiff design in order to
minimize radial blade clearances. Hence casing is made of symmetrical cross
section and with uniform wall thickness in order that temperature deformations
due to frequent and sharp changes in turbine operation could not distort the
cylindrical shape from inside. To lower casing wall temperature heat shields and
cooling is provided.
10. There is no governing stage in gas turbine. Partial admission is not permissible
and load control is only through control of TIT.

ADVANTAGES OF GAS TURBINE OVER STEAM TURBINE:

1. Gas turbine is more compact. There is no boiler or condenser.
Auxiliaries are very few.
2. They can be started and loaded very quickly (within 20 minute
form cold start to full load)
3. Gas turbines are simpler in maintenance and designs.
4. Gas turbine plants involve less metal and material.
5. They are lower in cost for installation capacity.
6. Gas turbines dont require enormous quantities of cooling water as in steam
turbines.

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DISADVANTAGES:
1. Gas turbines have lower specific power.
2. They have lower efficiency.
3. Gas turbines have shorter service life.
4. They are very sensitive to fuel quality.

3
T
2

4
1

ENTROPY KJ/KG K

BROYTON CYCLE
1-2

ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION

2-3

CONSTANT PRESSURE HEAT

ADDITION

3-4

ISENTROPIC EXPANSION

4-1

HEAT REJECTION

1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-1, REPRESENTS THE IDEAL CYCLE

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Generator
Generator is three phases, two pole air cooled machine. The generator and
turbine are placed on common and plain concrete foundation, with same center line
level for the turbine and generator rotor.
The mechanical energy generated by turbine is converted to electrical energy
by the generator and appear in the stator winding in the form of current and
voltage. The balances the torque of the gas turbine.
It lead the magnetic flux, and carries the field winding, the generator is self
excited. The power required for the excitation is taken from the generator term
finals and fed to the field winding through the excitation transformer and the
thruster- controlled rectifier units.

GAS TURBINE GENERATOR (MKA)

1. GENERATOR TYPE
:
2. No. of phases
:
3. No. of poles
:
4. Stator winding
:
5. Insulation class
:
6. Nominal apparent power
:
7. Nominal voltage
:
8. Nominal current
:
9. Reactances
A. direct axis synchronous reactance ad
B. direct axis transient reactance x`d
C. direct axis sub transient reactance
D. negative sequence reactance x2
E. zero sequence reactance x0
F. short circuit ratio kc
10. Full load efficiency
11. Stator winding resistance at 20oc
12. Rotor winding resistance at 20oc
13. Stator winding capacitance ph.to core
14. Weight, generator assembled
15. Rotor weight

wy 18 L-095LL
3
2
star
f
135MVA
10.5kv
7423a
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
;
:
:
:

191%
14.4%
10.2%
12.8%
5.8%
0.58%
98.38%
0.000607 ohm
0.2177 ohm
0.52 micro F
162 MT
31 MT

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Fuel system
GAS:
Gas comes from GRS at around 18 bars; manual isolation valve is to
be opened by operator. Motorized stop relief valve will be opened by GT program
when required. When this valve is depressurized. When valve opens, the relief port
is closed.
In the gas control block there is an emergency stop valve (ESV). This opens
with the help of power oil pressure against spring force. Whenever, turbine trip the
oil is drained (depressurized) and spray force closes the valve cutting off gas
supply to combustion chamber.
After the ESV is the gas CV. The opening of this valve controls the amount
of fuel going to the combustion chamber.

NAPHTHA:
Naphtha comes from naphtha station via the forwarding pumps at around
15bar. Manual isolation valve outside GT hall is to be opened by the operator
manual isolation valves before main fuel oil pump and also to be opened.
Motorized valve will be opened by GT program when FG liquid fuel is selected.
NAPHTHA then passes through duplex filter to the main fuel oil pump, which
raises the press to aproox.80 bar. There is release valve which opens when firing
speed is reached (600rpm).
There is an emergency stop valve similar to one in the gas scheme. Finally
there is the control valve directly coupled with the NAPHTHA nozzle. A minimum
opening of the nozzle is already pre-set. Once stable flame is formed, the nozzle
opening increases with the control valve opening.

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LUBRICATING OIL/ POWER:

The turbo generator set has four bearing which are continuously supplied
with lubricating oil form MOT which is located between the compressor&
generator. There are two bearings on either side of generator and one bearing at
turbine end one bearing at compressor end.
An auxiliary lube pump (AC motor driven) supplies lube oil during the start
up and during rotor turning operation. Incase of AC supply failure DC lube oil
pump will start automatically.
There are two high pressure AC motor driven jacking oil pumps there
function is lift the turbine/generator slightly, during startup, so that starting force is
reduced.
A vent fan mounted on the MOT keeps it under vacuum and removes the
fumes/vapors to atmosphere.
Barring gear pump-AC motor driven pump rotates the shaft in term intently
during rotor- turning operation to prevent sagging of rotor. In case of.
An auxiliary power oil pump (AC motor) driven) provides hydraulic oil for
operation of hydraulically operated valves A motor driven circulation pump keeps
oil in circulation through power oil system when the GT is under shut-down, to
avoid ingress of air.
During normal operation all the above pumps remain off. The lube and
power oil are provided by a shaft driven main oil pumps located inside the Gearbox on top of the MOT.
Lube oil is cooled in coolers outside GT hall. These are air cooled radiator
type coolers. Lube oil passes through tubes and air passes over these tubes induced
by 3 fans.
After cooler, the oil is passed through duplex type filters and goes to
bearings.

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AIR INTAKE SYSTEM

Air enters the suction of compressor after passing through fine filters. There
are 945 filters arranged in three levels. These are self cleaning type filters.
Compressed air from the instrument air compressors passes through diaphragm
valves and into the blowpipes. A pressure pulse is given to the filter elements in
the reverse direction (inside to outside) this impulse of air flow cleans the filters.
Make
:
FARR
Material of filter media
:
resin impregnated media
Consisting of synthetic and
cellulose fibers
Total number of filter cartridges
:
945
Initiation of pulse cleaning
:
6.4 m bar
Stop of pulse cleaning cycle
:
4.6 m bar
Compressed air for pulse clean
:
7 bar
Time interval between two pulses
:
30 sec.
Time of a pulse
:
0.1sec.
GENERATOR COOLING WATER SYSTEM
The generator is air cooled. The air in turn is cooled by air water coolers
inside the generator housing. This water is cooled in radiator type coolers outside
the GT hall the generator CW system is in closed cycle.
There are two pumps (one stand by)
Water to air cooler for GT generator
Type
Heat capacity
Medium
Temp. Inlet
Temp. Outlet
Medium flow rate

:EKV 84/18-5/2
:12KW
;water
: 67.8o c
; 59.5o c
: 34.5 kg/sec.

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GAS TURBINE PLANT OPERATION

The compressor sucks in air from the atmosphere through the filters
called air intake filters. The compresses air at approx. 9to11 bar passes into the
combustion chamber where it is used as primary air for combustion and secondary
air for cooling of very hot parts.
The gas turbine generates the necessary power to drive the
axial-flow compressor and the generator. The turbine and compressor are in
common casing.
Start-up of the GT is drives with the help of starting
equipment which runs the generator as a motor with speed increasing from 0to
600rpm. At this speed a pilot flame is ignited in the combustion chamber, fuel
(gas/naphtha) enters and combustion takes place.
The speed increases further both with the help of
generator motoring and the combustion of fuel up to about 2000 rpm. At this speed
starting equipment is switched off and only the generator is made ready for
synchronization with the grid. After synchronizations, the turbine load increases up
to base load with more and more fuel entering the combustion chamber.
The hot gases after combustion enter the gas
turbine at about 1000 c (at base load). The higher pressure and temperature gas
pass through the turbine rotating it and generator, this produces the electrical
power.
0

The exhaust gas coming out of the GT is at about

500 c.thiscan be utilized to produce steam in WHRB.
0

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION OF WHRB:

Wagner-biro supplied boilers for anta combined cycle power plant known as
waste heat recovery boilers (WHRB), which are of non fired, dual pressure, forced
circulation type. The boiler has two different water/steam cycles known as high
pressure system and low pressure system. Each system has its own boiler drum and
circulating pumps, and are feed byHP&LP feed water pumps from a common feed
water tank. The pressure and temperature of high pressure super heated steam is 64
bar and 490 c and that of LP 6 bar and206 c
The HP&LP steam from the three boiler from four common headers HP live
steam line, HP bypass line, LP live steam line and LP bypass line, the bypass line
dump steam in the condenser through the HP and LP bypass system.
The HP steam drives the HP steam turbine through stop valves and control
valves. The LP steam after passing through stop valves and control valves mixes
with the HP turbine exhaust and drivers the gas turbine. This dual system of
operating utilizes the waste heavy from the gas turbine with maximum efficiency.
From LP turbine steam enters the condenser where it get condensed to water with
the help of cooling water .condenser is shell and tube, water flow through the tubes
and steam flow out side. The condensate get collected in hot well, from hot well it
enters the feed water tank through condensate extraction pump (3*50%) via
condenser with the of (2*50%) vacuum pump.
Each of the WHRB is feed with waste heat flue gas from the
respective gas turbine (GT). The gas turbines are fired either with gas or naphtha.
The flue gas temp.at boiler inlet is about 500c depending on GT load and outside
temp. Conditions. The flue gas temp. At boiler outlet is about 110c-140c to avoid
cold end corrosion.
During WHRB operation the flue gas is led through a horizontal duct
with integrated silencer to diverter flap of the WHRB. There are two positions of
diverter flap one open to the boiler and another is open to bypass stack.

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The energy from waste heat flue gas is transferred to water/steam by

means of heating surfaces of super heaters, evaporators, economizers and
condensate preheater.
The heating surface of each boiler is about 96000sq.m. The heating
surfaces in staggered arrangement are manufactured as finned tubes arranged
horizontally and installed in vertical duct supported by tube plates.
The steam-water system consists of a high (HP) and low (LP) pressure
system and in addition there is a condenser preheated in order to obtain a higher
efficiency.

COMPONENTS OF WHRB
LP-BOILER PART:
ECONOMISER:
The LP feed water, which flows from the 3X50% LP feed water
pumps through the common feed water line to the # WHRBS in parallel, enters a
WHRB at economizer gate valve. This gate valve is equipped with a parallel
bypass valve, which is used for first filling of WHRB and for pressure
equalization.
In the economizer the feed water is heated up by the flue gas.
After the economizer the feed water enters the LP boiler drum through feed
regulating station (FRS), where the feed water control valve ensures the correct
supply of feed water to the boiler.
Anther part of feed water after economizer is branched to the
feed water tank, where it used for deairating purposes.

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LP-BOILER DRUM-EVAPORATOR:
The feed water in the LP- boiler drum is pumped through the evaporator by
means of 2x100% LP circulation pumps. In the evaporator the water is partially
steamed by the flue gas passing at the outside of the evaporator tubes. The steam
and water mixture again enters the drum, where steam is separated and this steam
flows to the LP super heaters and the water is circulated again. Low level and high
level protections are provided for the protection of one vent valve is mounted on
the drum which opens automatically during start and closes when the pressure in
the drum rises above 1bar.2 nos. of safety valve with silencers are also mounted
against the over pressure protection. The circulation pumps ensure the correct
water flow through the evaporator for which the differential pressure between
discharge and suction side of the pump is supervised by means of pressure
differential switch. When the pressure drops the stand by pump will starts
immediately.

LP-SUPER HEATER:
The steam leaving at the top of the LP-drum flows through the flue gas
heated super heater, where it reaches the end temp. Of about 206 c.
The outlet header is equipped with motorized drain valve which is
automatically operated during start-up and this valve closes automatically after
pressurization. At the outlet pipe a safely valve protects the super heater against
over pressure.

HP-BOILER PART:
The principal design of the HP- boiler part is the same as for the LP- part.
The basic difference is of operating pressure.

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ECONOMISER:
The HP fed water, which flows from the 3x50% HP feed water pumps through the
common the feed water line to the HP parts of 3 WHRB in parallel, enters a
WHRB at the gate valve of economizer. This gate valve is equipped with a parallel
bypass valve as in LP-economizer.The HP economizer coils are in two parts one
part is just below the LP economizer and other part is below LP super heater and
both the coils are connected in series. After the economizer the feed water enters
the HP boiler drum through high pressure feed regulating station (FRS), where the
feed water control valve ensures the correct supply of feed water to the boiler.
The HP/LP economizers are provided with safety valves against the
protection of over pressure.

HP-BOILER DRUM, EVAPORATOR:

The feed water in the HP- boiler drum is pumped through the evaporator by
means of 2x100% HP circulation pumps in the evaporator water is partially
steamed as in LP part, this partially steamed water enters in HP drum where steam
is separated, and water is circulated again. Theses steam is super heated in HP
super heater.
The HP circulation pumps ensure the correct water flow through evaporator
for which differential pressure switches are provided.
One vent valve and two nos. of safety valves with silencers are also mounted on
the HP drum just like the LP drum.

HP-SUPER HEATER:
The HP super heater consists of two parts with a spray attemperator between
them. This configuration allows the temp. Control of the super heated steam. The
spray water which is the cooling medium is branched from the feed water line at
the HP economizer inlet via a control valve to the attemperator if the temp. Of
super heater increases beyond the predetermined temp.
Then spray water control valve opens automatically and keeps down the
super heater temp at about 498 c. the outlet heater is equipped with mortised drain
valves. A safety valve is also given against the over pressure protection.

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CONDENSATE PREHEATER:
The main condensate is pumped by 3x50% condensate extraction pumps
(CEP) to the feed water tank. Before entering the feed water tank the condensate is
passed through the condensate preheaters which are situated at the tail end of the
WHRB and heated by the flue gas to achieve the highest cycle efficiency.
By means of the 3-way control valve the preheaters can be partially or
totally bypassed.
At certain load conditions and also depending on ambient temperatures, it is
necessary to increase the condensate temp. Before entering temperatures, it is
necessary to increase the condensate temp. Before entering the preheater. This is
to avoid drop of the flue gas temperature below the sulphuric dew point, which
would cause corrosion at the preheaters. For this purpose 2x100% condensate
circulation pumps are installed. These pumps take automatic start when the
condensate temperature falls below a certain limit.

Blow down tank:

One blow down tank is provided for each WHRB to collect drains e.g. CBD,
IBD and drum over flow water from hp and LP system of the WHRB. The water
level in this tank is maintained through an over flow pipe, which leads the water to
hot drain collecting system. The steam flows via a silencer to the atmosphere.

Faizan

faizaneca@gmail.com

STEAM TURBINE
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The steam turbine consists of two turbine sections, a single flow high
pressure turbine and double flow low pressure turbine arranged in same center line.
The shaft turning gear and the shaft turning gear is engaged and disengaged
automatically when turbine is turbine is started and shut down.
HP live steam is taken from the boiler HP system through the main
steam pipe to the combined main stop and control valves. From there it flow
through four opening in the outer casing into the interior of the HP turbine and
enters the reaction blading through exhaust connection at the top of the HP casing.
The cross over pipe between HP and LP turbines brings the steam to the reaction
blading in the LP turbine, where it expends down to condenser pressure.
The LP steam is taken from LP boiler system through the LP steam
main line to the combined stop and control valves. From there LP steam enters the
cross over piping, where it mixes with the HP exhaust before entering the reaction
blading of the LP turbine. In LP turbine expansion take place and finally steam get
condensed in the condenser.
The turbo generator set has four bearing which are continuously
supplied with lubricating oil from MOT like gas turbine. There are two bearings on
either side of generator and one bearing at HP turbine end one bearing in between
HP and LP turbine.

Faizan

faizaneca@gmail.com

HP FEED PUMPS SPECIFICATION

Medium

Feed water

Type

Five Stage Centrifugal Pump

Flow

307.3 m3/h

Temperature

111 C

Inlet Pressure

3 bar

Outlet Pressure

97.3 bar

Head

1010 m

Pump Power
Input

1019 kw

Rated Driver
Output

1250 kw

Pump Speed

2980

Current

127.6 Amp

VOltage

6600 V

Pressure Drop in
99.5 mwc
feed water piping

Faizan

faizaneca@gmail.com

LP FEED PUMPS SPECIFICATION

Medium

Feed Water

Flow

162.8 m3/h

Temperature

111 C

Inlet Pressure

2.85 bar

Outlet Pressure

16.2 bar

Diff. Pressure

13.8 bar

Head

143 m

Pump Power Input

91.5 kw

Rated Driver Out Put

119 kw

Pump Speed

2980 RPM

Current

185 Amp

Voltage

415 V

Pressure Drop in feed water piping

48.6 mwc

Faizan

faizaneca@gmail.com

COOLING TOWER
Cooling tower A tower- or building-like device in which atmospheric air (the heat
receiver) circulates in direct or indirect contact with warmer water (the heat source)
and the water is thereby cooled (see illustration). A cooling tower may serve as the
heat sink in a conventional thermodynamic process , such as refrigeration or steam
power generation, or it may be used in any process in which water is used as the
vehicle for heat removal, and when it is convenient or desirable to make final heat
rejection to atmospheric air. Water, acting as the heat-transfer fluid, gives up heat
to atmospheric air, and thus cooled, is recirculated through the system, affording
economical operation of the process. Two basic types of cooling towers are
commonly used. One transfers the heat from warmer water to cooler air mainly
by an evaporation heat-transfer process and is known as the evaporative or wet
cooling tower. Evaporative cooling towers are classified according to the means
employed for producing air circulation through them: atmospheric, natural draft,
and mechanical draft. The other transfers the heat from warmer water to cooler
air by a sensible heat-transfer process and is known as the non evaporative or dry
cooling tower. Non-evaporative cooling towers are classified as air-cooled
condensers and as air-cooled heat exchangers, and are further classified by the
means used for producing air circulation through them. These two basic types are
sometimes combined, with the two cooling processes generally used in parallel or
separately, and are then known as wet-dry cooling towers.
Evaluation of cooling tower performance is based on cooling of a specified
quantity of water through a given range and to a specified temperature approach to
the wet-bulb or dry-bulb temperature for which the tower is designed. Because
exact design conditions are rarely experienced in operation, estimated performance
curves are frequently prepared for a specific installation, and provide a means for
comparing the measured performance with design conditions.

Faizan

faizaneca@gmail.com

Faizan

faizaneca@gmail.com

POWER PLANT CHEMISTRY

WATER MANAGEMENT IN ANTA GAS POWER PROJECT

WATER UTILISATION PATTERN

AREA

APP. CONSUMP.
PER MONTH

PURPOSE

INDUSTRIAL
COOLING
WATER

450000 M3

Main condenser cooling

water & air conditioning
system, boiler feed water

DOMESTIC
PURPOSE

32000 M3

Potable water to main

plant & residential colony

PROCESS
CONTROL

7000 M3

PT & DM Plant effluent

treatment

WATER REQUIREMENTS IN POWER

PLANTS

CONDENSOR COOLING
AUXILLARY COOLING
FIRE FIGHTING
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
CLARIFIED WATER
DRINKING WATER
DM WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION