Paper 4 PDF

Historical Tripos - Part I: Paper 20 and Part II: Paper 4
THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

FROM c.1700 TO c.1890
Section A
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
Vico
Montesquieu
Hume
Rousseau
Smith
Burke
Wollstonecraft
Kant
Bentham
Constant
Hegel
Tocqueville
John Stuart Mill
Marx
Section B
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
B30
Human Nature and History in the Enlightenment

Commercial Society and the Ambiguities of Civilisation
Reform and Politics in Enlightened Europe
The Political Thought of the American Revolution
The Political Thought of the French Revolution
Dissent and the Politics of Rights in Late18th-century Britain
German Political Thought 1780-1810
19th-century British Social Criticism
Classical Political Economy and its Critics
Socialism before 1848
Left-Hegelianism and the Development of Marxist Thought
Social Science and Political Thought
Individualism, Democracy and Representative Government
British Historians on Liberty and the State
Gender and Political Thought in the 18th and 19th centuries
Peace, Empire and the Principle of Nationality
There is a convention that at least one question will be set on each of the above topics. At the
examination, candidates will be asked to answer three questions; two from Section A
and one from Section B. Overlap between answers must be avoided.
The aim of Section B is to allow students to consider the general context in political
thought within which the ideas of major political thinkers developed. The primary texts
suggested in Section B therefore have a different status from the set texts in Section A.
Candidates need not master every one of the Section B primary texts, but need to show
evidence of engagement with texts relating to each topic.
Note: Forthcoming publication

Those studying the paper from 2011-12 onwards should be aware of the publication,
scheduled for the summer of 2011, of the The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century
Political Thought, edited by Gareth Stedman Jones and Gregory Claeys, (Cambridge, 2011)
Contents: http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item5758754/?site_locale=en_GB
A1. VICO
Set Text:
The New Science, translated by T.G. Bergin & M. H. Fisch (Ithava & London, 1984); also (but
less satisfactory), ed by A. Grafton (Harmondsworth, 1999)
Suggested secondary reading:
J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760
(Cambridge, 2005), chapter 5, Vico after Bayle, pp. 201-255.
P. Burke, Vico (Oxford, 1985)
L. Pompa, Vico: A Study of the New Science, (2nd ed., Cambridge, 1990)
M. Lilla, G. B. Vico: The Making of an Anti-Modern, (Cambridge, MA, 1993)
A. Momigliano, Vicos Scienza Nuova: Roman Bestioni and Roman Eroi in A.
Momigliano, Essays in Ancient and Modern Historiography, (Oxford, 1977), pp. 259- 76
P. Rossi, The Dark Abyss of Time. The History of the earth and the History of Nations
from Hooke to Vico (Chicago & London, 1984)
D. R. Kelley, Vicos Road: From Philology to Jurisprudence and Back, in G. Tagliacozzo
and D. O. Verene eds., Giambattista Vicos Science of Humanity, Baltimore, 1976), 15-29
D. Faucci, Vico and Grotius: Jurisconsults of Mankind, in G. Tagliacozzo and H. V. White
eds., Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium, (Baltimore MD, 1969), pp. 61-76
C. t Hart, Hugo de Groot and Giambattista Vico, Netherlands International Law Review, 30
(1983), 5-41
G. Ricuperati, The Veteres against the Moderni: Paolo Mattia Doria (1662-1746) and
Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) in D. Carpanetto and G. Ricuperati eds., Italy in the Age of
Reason 1685-1789, (London, 1987), 96-105
K. Stapelbroek, Love, Self-Deceit and Money: Commerce and Morality in the Early
Neapolitan Enlightenment (Toronto, 2008), chapter 3: Doria and Vico: True Utility
against Pleasure, pp. 88-126
B. Croce, Machiavelli and Vico in Croce, Philosophy, Poetry, History: An Anthology
of Essays, trans. C. Sprigge, (London, 1966), pp. 655-70
J. C. Morrison, Vico and Machiavelli, in G. Tagliacozzo ed., Vico Past and Present, (Atlantic
Highlands NJ, 1981), Vol. 2, pp. 1-14
J. C. Morrison, Vicos Doctrine of the Natural Law of the Gentes, Journal of the History
of Philosophy, 16 (1978), 47-60
J. C. Morrison, How to Interpret the Idea of Divine Providence in Vicos New Science,
Philosophy and Rhetoric 12 (1979), 256-261
J. I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man
1670-1752 (Oxford, 2006), chapters 3, 6, 11, and especially chapter 20, Italy, the Two
Enlightenments, and Vicos New Science, pp. 513-542
M. P. Mooney, Vico in the Tradition of Rhetoric (Princeton, 1985)
C. Labio, Origins and the Enlightenment: Aesthetic Epistemology from Descartes to Kant
(Ithaca NY, 2004), chapter 2: Vicos Genetic Principle
J. Mali, The Poetics of Politics: Vicos Philosophy of Authority, History of Political
Thought, 10 (1989), 41-69
G. L. Lucente, Vicos Notion of Divine Providence and the Limits of Human Knowledge,
Freedom, and Will Modern Language Notes, 97 (1982), 183-191
A. Pons, Prudence and Providence in the Practica della Scienza Nuova and the Problem of
Theory and Practice in Vico in Vicos Science of Humanity, pp. 431-48
J. E. Sergio, The Leviathan in Naples: Vicos Response to Hobbes's Life and Works, Journal
for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 33 (2010), 227-244
B. Haddock, Vicos Political Thought, (Swansea, 1986)
A2. MONTESQUIEU
Set Text:
The Spirit of the Laws, eds. A. Cohler, B. Miller and H. Stone (Cambridge, 1989)

R. Shackleton, Montesquieu: A Critical Biography, (London, 1961)
M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins
of the French Revolution (Princeton, 2007), chapters 2-3.
N.O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment,
(Princeton NJ, 1980), Chapters 10-14
Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in Modern
Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch 2
P. A. Rahe, Montesquieu and the Logic of Liberty (New Haven CT, 2009)
D.W. Carrithers, M.A. Mosher and P.A. Rahe (eds), Montesquieus Science of Politics:
Essays on the Spirit of the Laws, (Lanham MD, 2001)
R. Kingston, Montesquieu and His Legacy (Albany NY, 2008)
I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge MA, 2005) Introduction, pp. 1-156.
A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its
Triumph (Princeton NJ, 1977)
J.N. Shklar, Montesquieu, (Oxford, 1987)
S. Krause, Liberalism with Honor (Cambridge MA, 2002)
S. Tomaselli, The Spirit of Nations, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge
History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 9-39
P. A. Rahe, The Book That Never Was: Montesquieu's Considerations on the Romans in
Historical Context, History of Political Thought, 26 (2005), 43-89.
S. Mason, Montesquieus Vision of Europe and its European Context, Studies on Voltaire and
the Eighteenth Century, 341 (1996), 61-87.
R. Shackleton, Montesquieu, Bolingbroke and the separation of powers, in Shackleton,
Essays on Montesquieu and the Enlightenment, D. Gilson and M. Smith (eds), (Oxford, 1988),
pp. 3-16.
E. Dziembowski, The English Political Model in 18th-Century France, Historical Research,
74 (2001), 151-71.
S. Mason, Montesquieu on English Constitutionalism Revisited: A Government of
Potentiality and Paradoxes, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 278 (1990),
105-46.
D. Desserud, Commerce and Political Participation in Montesquieus Letter to Domville
History of European Ideas, 25 (1999), 135-151.
S. Krause, The Uncertain Inevitability of Decline in Montesquieu, Political Theory 30
(2002), 702-27.
I. Hont, The Luxury Debate in the Early Enlightenment, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds),
The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), 379-418.
H.E. Ellis, Montesquieus Modern Politics: The Spirit of the Laws and the problem of
modern monarchy in Old Regime France, History of Political Thought, 10 (1989), 665-700.
M. Richter, Despotism, in P. Wiener (ed), Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of
Selected Pivotal Ideas, (New York, 1973), Volume II, pp. 1-18.
C.P. Courtney, Montesquieu and the Problem of la diversit, in G. Barber and C. P.
Courtney (eds), Enlightenment Essays in Memory of Robert Shackleton, (Oxford, 1988), pp.
61-81.
5
P. Cheney, Montesquieus Science of Commerce, in Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce:
Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge MA, 2010), chapter 2, pp. 52-86.
K. M. Baker, Public Opinion as Political Invention, in Baker, Inventing the French
Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1990),
pp. 167-99.
A3. HUME
Set Texts:
A Treatise of Human Nature, eds. D. F. Norton and M. J. Norton, (Oxford, 2000), Bk. III
An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. T. L. Beauchamp, (Oxford, 1998)
Essays Moral, Political and Literary, ed. E.F. Miller (Indianapolis, 1985), especially essays
Part I 2-8, 12, 14, 21; Part II 1-9, 11-13, 16.
N. Phillipson, Hume, (London, 1989, repr. Penguin, London, 2011)
D. Forbes, Humes Philosophical Politics, (Cambridge, 1975)
J.G.A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic
Republican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), chapters 12-14
I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), Introduction, pp. 1-156.
(Cambridge, 2005), chapter 6, Hpp. 256-324.
J. P. Wright, Humes Treatise of Human Nature: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2009)
A. C. Baier, A Progress of Sentiments: Reflection on Humes Treatise (Cambridge MA, 1991)
chapters 7-12.
S. Blackburn, How to Read Hume (London, 2008)
J. L. Mackie, Humes Moral Theory, (London, 1980)
J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (Cambridge
MA, 2007), Lectures on Hume, pp. 159-187.
R. Hardin, David Hume: Moral and Political Theorist (Oxford, 2007)
D.F. Norton and M. Kuehn, The Foundations of Morality, in K. Haakonssen (ed),
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986
D. F. Norton, Hume, Human Nature and the Foundations of Morality in Norton (ed),
Cambridge Companion to Hume, (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2009), pp. 270-310.
D. F. Norton, Hume and Hutcheson: The Question of Influence in D. Garber and S. Nadler
(eds), Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy, vol. 2 (Oxford, 2005), pp. 211-256.
J. Moore, Hume and Hutcheson, in M. A. Stewart and J. P. Wright (eds), Hume and Humes
Connexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 25-37
J. Moore, The Eclectic Stoic, the Mitigated Sceptic in E. Mazza and E. Ronchetti (eds),
New Essays on David Hume (Milan, 2007), pp. 133-170.
L. Turco, Hutcheson and Hume in a Recent Polemic in Mazza and Ronchetti (eds),
New Essays on David Hume, 171-198.
J. Harris, Answering Bayles Question: Religious Belief in the Moral Philosophy of the
Scottish Enlightenment, D. Garber and S. Nadler eds., Oxford Studies in Early Modern
Philosophy, vol. 1 (Oxford, 2003), 229-53.
J. Harris, The Epicurean in Hume, in N. Leddy and A. Lifchitz eds., Epicurus in the
Enlightenment, (Oxford, 2009), 161-81.
M. A. Stewart, Humes Intellectual Development, 1711-1752, in M. Frasca-Spada and P.
J. E. Kail (eds), Impressions of Hume (Oxford, 2005), 11-58.
R. L. Emerson, Humes Intellectual Development: Part II, in Emerson, Essays on David
Hume, Medical Men and the Scottish Enlightenment (Farnham, 2009), 103-126.
S. Darwall, Motive and Obligation in Humes Ethics Nous 27 (1993), 415-448.
R. Cohon, Artificial and Natural Virtues, in S. Traiger (ed), The Blackwell Guide to Humes
Treatise (Oxford, 2006), 256-275.
J. Moore, Humes Theory of Justice and Property, Political Studies, 24 (1976), 103-19.
7
Dees, Richard H. One of the Finest and Most Subtile Inventions: Hume on Government, in
E. Schmidt Radcliffe (ed), A Companion to Hume (Oxford, 2008), pp. 388405.
C. Wennerlind, The Link Between David Humes Treatise of Human Nature and His
Fiduciary Theory of Money, History of Political Economy 33 (2001), 139-160.
I. Hont, The Rich Country-Poor Country Debate in the Scottish Enlightenment, in
Jealousy of Trade, pp. 267-322.
I. Hont, The Rich Country-Poor Country Debate Revisited: The Irish Origins and French
Reception of the Hume Paradox, in M. Schabas and C. Wennerlind (eds), David Humes
Political Economy, (London, 2008), pp. 243-323.
J.G.A. Pocock, Hume and the American Revolution: The Dying Thoughts of a North
Briton, in Pocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History
(Cambridge, 1985), pp. 125-141.
I. Hont, The Rhapsody of Public Debt: David Hume and Voluntary Bankruptcy, in
Jealousy of Trade, pp. 325-353.
I. Hont, The Luxury Debate in the Early Enlightenment, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds),
The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379418.
A. S. Cunningham, David Humes Account of Luxury, Journal of the History of
Economic Thought 27 (2005), 231-250.
P. Cheney, Constitution and Economy in David Humes Enlightenment, in Schabas and
Wennerlind (eds), David Humes Political Economy, pp. 223-242.
J. Robertson, Universal Monarchy and the Liberties of Europe: David Humes Critique of
an English Whig Doctrine, in N. Phillipson and Q. Skinner (eds), Political Discourse in Early
Modern Britain, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 349-73.
D. Wootton, David Hume the Historian, in Cambridge Companion to Hume, 2nd edn,
pp. 447-480.
M. Barfoot, Hume and the Culture of Science in the Early Eighteenth Century, in M. A.
Stewart (ed), Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 15190.
A4. ROUSSEAU
Set Texts:
Discourse on Inequality, including Rousseau's notes, in The Discourses and Other Early
Political Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch, (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 111-246
Of the Social Contract, with the Geneva Manuscript, The State of War and Letter to
Mirabeau, in The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch,
(Cambridge, 1997), pp. 3-176, pp. 268-71.
L. Damrosch, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius (Boston MA, 2005)
C. Kelly and E. Grace eds., Rousseau on Women, Love and Family (Hanover NH, 2009)
N. J. H. Dent, Rousseau: an Introduction to his Psychological, Social and Political Theory
(Oxford, 1988)
N. J. H. Dent, A Rousseau Dictionary (Oxford, 1992)
T. OHagan, Rousseau (London, 2003)
J. Hope Mason, The Indispensable Rousseau, (London, 1979)
R. Wokler, Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2001)
A. M. Melzer, The Natural Goodness of Man: on the System of Rousseaus Thought, (Chicago IL,
1990)
M. Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution
(Princeton NJ, 2008) chapters 3, 6.
of the French Revolution (Princeton NJ, 2007), chapter 3.
J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman ed.,
(Cambridge MA, 2007), Lectures on Rousseau, pp. 191-248.
F. Neuhouser, Rousseaus Theodicy of Self-Love: Evil Rationality, and the Drive for
Recognition (Oxford, 2008)
D. Gauthier, Rousseau: The Sentiment of Existence (Cambridge, 2006)
C. Bertram, Rousseau and the Social Contract (London, 2004)
J. Cohen, Rousseau: A Free Community of Equals (Oxford, 2010)
R. D. Masters, The Political Philosophy of Rousseau, (Princeton NJ, 1968)
H. Rosenblatt, Rousseau and Geneva: From the First Discourse to the Social Contract, 1749
1762 (Cambridge, 1997)
J. Starobinski, Rousseau: Transparency and Obstruction, trans. A. Goldhammer (Chicago
IL, 1988)
N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance and the
Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), chapter 15.
R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace (Oxford, 1999), chapter 7.
B. Kapossy, Iselin contra Rousseau (Basle, 2006), chapter 3, pp. 173-245.
J. N. Shklar, Rousseaus Images of Authority, in M. Cranston and R.S. Peters (eds),
Hobbes and Rousseau (New York, 1972), pp. 333-365.
P. Riley, Rousseaus General Will, in Riley (ed), The Cambridge Companion to
Rousseau, (Cambridge, 2001), 124-53.
N. O. Keohane, The Masterpiece of Politics in Our Century: Rousseau on the Morality of
Enlightenment, Political Theory, 6 (1978), 457-84.
F. Neuhouser, Freedom, Dependence and the General Will, Philosophical Review, 102
(1993), 363-395.
J. Hope Mason, Individuals in Society: Rousseaus Republican Vision, History of Political
Thought, 10 (1989), 89-112.
J. Hope Mason, Forced to be Free, in R. Wokler (ed), Rousseau and Liberty
(Manchester, 1995), 121-38.
9
S. Affeldt, The Force of Freedom: Rousseau on Forcing to be Free, Political Theory 27
(1999), 299-333.
C. Kelly and R.D. Masters, Human Nature, Liberty and Progress: Rousseaus Dialogue
with the Critics of the Discours sur l'ingalit, in R. Wokler, Rousseau and Liberty, pp. 53-69.
S. H. Campbell and J.T. Scott, Rousseaus Politic Argument in the Discouse on the
Sciences and Arts, American Journal of Political Science 49 (2005), 818-828.
R. Wokler, Perfectible Apes in Decadent Cultures: Rousseaus Anthropology Revisited,
Daedalus, 107 (1978), 107-34.
C. Brooke, Rousseaus Second Discourse between Epicureanism and Stoicism", in S.
Hoffmann and C. MacDonald, (eds), Rousseau and Freedom, (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 44-57.
L. Kirk, Genevan Republicanism, in D. Wootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and
Commercial Society 1649-1776, (Stanford, CA, 1994), pp. 270-309.
H. Rosenblatt, Rousseau, the Anticosmopolitan? Daedalus 137 (2008), 59-67.
S. T. Engel, Rousseau and Imagined Communities, Review of Politics 67 (2005), 515-537.
C. Kelly, To Persuade without Convincing: The Language of Rousseaus Legislator,
American Journal of Political Science 31 (1987), 321-335.
A. Abizadeh, Banishing the Particular: Rousseau on Rhetoric, Patrie, and the Passions,
Political Theory 29 (), 556-582.
J. P. McCormick, Rousseaus Rome and the Repudiation of Populist Republicanism, Critical
Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 10 (2007), 3-27.
M. Schwartzberg, Rousseau on Fundamental Law, Political Studies 51 (2003), 387-403.
J. T. Scott, Rousseau and the Melodious Language of Freedom Journal of Politics 59 (1997),
803-829.
V. Gourevitch, Rousseau on Providence, Review of Metaphysics 53 (2000), 565-611.
R. Whatmore, Rousseau and the Representants: The Politics of the Lettres Ecrites de la
Montagne, Modern Intellectual History, 3 (2006), 385-413.
B. Kapossy, Neo-Roman Republicanism and Commercial Society: The Example of
Eighteenth-Century Berne, in M. van Gelderen and Q. Skinner (eds), Republicanism: A
Shared European Heritage 2 vols, (Cambridge, 2002), vol. 2, pp. 226-247.
H. Rosenblatt, On the Misogyny of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Letter to d'Alembert in
Historical Context, French Historical Studies 25 (2002), 91-114.
10
A5. SMITH
Set Texts:
The Theory of Moral Sentiments, eds. D.D. Raphael and A.L.Macfie, 2 vols (Indianapolis IN,
1982)
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, eds. T. Campbell, A. S.
Skinner and W. Todd, 2 vols (Indianapolis IN, 1981)
D. Stewart, An Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith L.L.D, in Smith, Essays on
Philosophical Subjects, ed. W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce, (Indianapolis IN, 1982)
N. Phillipson, Adam Smith: An Enlightened Life (London, 2010)
D. Winch, Adam Smiths Politics, (Cambridge, 1978)
I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, MA., 2005), Introduction, pp. 1-156, and Needs
and Justice in the Wealth of Nations, pp. 389-443.
I. Hont, Adam Smiths History of Law and Government as Political Theory, in R, Bourke
and R. Geuss (eds), Political Judgement: Essays for John Dunn (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 131171.
Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch 3
A.S. Skinner, A System of Social Science Papers: Papers Relating to Adam Smith, (2nd
edn., Oxford, 1995), chapters 4,8
A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its
Triumph (Princeton NJ, 1977)
P. Force, Self-Interest before Adam Smith: A Genealogy of Economic Science
(Cambridge, 2003)
C. Griswold, Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment, (Cambridge, 1999)
D. D. Raphael, The Impartial Spectator: Adam Smiths Moral Philosophy (Oxford, 2007)
E. Rothschild, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment, (Cambridge,
Mass, 2001), Chs. 4, 8
S. Fleischacker, On Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations: A Philosophical Companion (Princeton
NJ, 2004)
R. Hanley, Adam Smith and the Character of Virtue (Cambridge, 2009)
F. Forman-Barzilai, Adam Smith and the Circles of Sympathy: Cosmopolitanism and Moral
Theory (Cambridge, 2010)
J.G.A. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 3: The First Decline and Fall (Cambridge,
2003), chapter 16.
D. Forbes, Sceptical Whiggism, Commerce and Liberty, in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson
(eds), Essays on Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 179-201
A. Sen, Introduction, in Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. R. P. Hanley (London,
2010), pp. vii-xxvi.
J. Robertson, The Legacy of Adam Smith: Government and Economic Development in The
Wealth of Nations, in R. Bellamy (ed), Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century Political
Thought and Practice, (London, 1990), 15-41
D. Lieberman, Adam Smith on Justice, Right and Law, in K. Haakonnsen (ed),
Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 214-245
S. J. Pack and E. Schliesser, Smiths Humean Criticism of Humes Account of the Origin of
Justice, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 44 (2006), 47-63.
G.J. Stigler, Smiths Travels on the Ship of State, in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson (eds),
Essays on Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 237-46.
J. Viner, Adam Smith and Laissez Faire, in D. A. Irwin (ed), Essays on the Intellectual
History of Economics, (Princeton NJ, 1991), 85-113.
11
K. Tribe, Natural Liberty and Laissez Faire: How Adam Smith became a Free Trade
Ideologue, in S. Copley and K. Sutherland (eds), Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations: New
Interdisciplinary Essays, (Manchester, 1995), 23-44.
D. Winch, Science and the Legislator: Adam Smith and After, Economic Journal,
I. Hont, Adam Smith and the Political Economy of the Unnatural and Retrograde Order, in
Hont, Jealousy of Trade, pp. 354-388.93 (1983), 501-29.
P. Bowles, Adam Smith and the Natural Progress of Opulence, Economica, n.s. 53 (1986),
109.118.
S. Muthu, Adam Smiths Critique of International Trading Companies, Political Theory 36
(2008), 185-212.
A. Oncken, The Consistency of Adam Smith, Economic Journal 7 (1897), 443-450.
K. Tribe, Das Adam Smith Problem and the Origins of Modern Smith Scholarship, History
of European Ideas 344 (2008), 514-525.
J.-L. Peaucelle, Adam Smiths Use of Multiple References for His Pin Making Example,
European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 13 (2006), 489-512.
12
A6. BURKE
Set Text:
Pre-Revolutionary Writings, ed. I. Harris, (Cambridge, 1993)
Reflections on the Revolution in France, A Critical Edition, ed. J. C. D. Clark (Stanford
CA, 2001)
Further Reflections on the Revolution in France, ed. D. E. Ritchie, (Indianapolis, 1992)
F. P. Lock, Edmund Burke, Volume I: 1730-1784, Volume II: 1784-1797 (Oxford, 1999-2006)
C.C. OBrien, The Great Melody: A Thematic Biography and Commented Anthology of
Edmund Burke, (London, 1992)
F. OGorman, Edmund Burke: His Political Philosophy, (London, 1973)
B.T. Wilkins, The Problem of Burkes Political Philosophy, (Oxford, 1967)
M. Freeman, Edmund Burke and his Critique of Political Radicalism, (Oxford, 1980)
B. W. Young, Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century England: Theological
Debate from Locke to Burke (Oxford, 1998)
I. Hampsher-Monk, Edmund Burke, in Hampsher-Monk, A History of Modern Political
Thought (Oxford, 1992), pp. 261-304.
J.G.A. Pocock, Burke and the Ancient Constitution: A Problem in the History of Ideas, in
Pocock, Politics, Language and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History, (London,
1972), pp. 202-32.
J.G.A. Pocock, The Political Economy of Burkes Analysis of the Revolution, in Pocock,
Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, chiefly in the
Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 192-212.
J.G.A. Pocock, Introduction, to Pocock (ed), [Burke], Reflections on the Revolution in
France, (Indianapolis IN, 1987), pp. vii-lvi.
J.G.A. Pocock, Edmund Burke and the Redefinition of Enthusiasm: The Context as CounterRevolution, in F. Furet and M.Ozouf, (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of
Modern Political Culture: The Transformation of Political Culture, 17891848 (Oxford,
1989), pp. 1943
I. Hampshire-Monk, Burke and the Religious Sources of Skeptical Conservatism, in J. van
der Zande and R. H. Popkin, (eds), The Skeptical Tradition Around 1800 (Dordrecht, 1988),
pp. 23559.
J. Conniff, Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Coming Revolution in Ireland,
Journal of the History of Ideas, 47 (1986), 37-59.
J. R. Dinwiddy, Utility and Natural Law in Burkes Thought: A Reconsideration, Studies in
Burke and his Time, 16 (1974), 105-28
P. Lucas, On Edmund Burkes Doctrine of Prescription: or, an Appeal from the New to the
Old Lawyers, Historical Journal, 11 (1968), 35-63.
H. Mitchell, Edmund Burkes Language of Politics and his Audience, Studies on Voltaire
and the Eighteenth Century, 287 (1991), 335-60
H. Pitkin, Representing Unattached Interests: Edmund Burke, in Pitkin, The Concept of
Representation, (Berkeley, CA, 1967), pp. 168-89
G. Claeys, The Reflections Refracted: the Critical Reception of Burke's Reflections on the
Revolution in France During the Early 1790s, in J. Whale ed., Edmund Burke's
Reflections on the Revolution in France. New Interdisciplinary Essays (Manchester, 2000),
pp. 40-59.
T. Schofield, Conservative Political Thought in Britain in Response to the French
Revolution, Historical Journal, 29 (1986), 601-22
D. S. Kluge, Edmund Burke, Economical Reform, and the Board of Trade, 1777-1780,
Journal of Modern History, 51 (1979), 185-200.
13
D. Armitage, Edmund Burke and Reason of State Journal of the History of Ideas, 61 (2000),
617-634
I. Hampsher-Monk, Edmund Burkes Changing Justification for Intervention, Historical
Journal (2005), 65-100.
R. Bourke, Edmund Burke and the Politics of Conquest, Modern Intellectual History 4
(2007), 403-432.
R. Bourke, Liberty, Authority and Trust in Burkes Idea of Empire, Journal of the
History of Ideas 61 (2000), 45371.
14
A7. WOLLSTONECRAFT
Set Text:
A Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ed. S. Tomaselli,
(Cambridge, 1995)
B. Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004)
J. Todd, Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life, (London, 2000)
K. OBrien, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2009)
V. Sapiro, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of Mary
Wollstonecraft, (Chicago, 1992)
B. Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination (Cambridge, 2003)
H.N. Brailsford, Shelley, Godwin and their Circle, (2nd edn., London, 1951)
M. J. Falco ed., Feminist Interpretations of Mary Wollstonecraft, (Pennsylvania,
1996)
A. Browne, The Eighteenth Century Feminist Mind, (Brighton, 1987)
H. Guest, Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750-1810, (Chicago, 2000),
Introduction and Part IV
J.B. Landes, Women in the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution, (Ithaca,
NY, 1988)
S. Tomaselli, The Enlightenment Debate on Women, History Workshop, 20 (1985),
101-24.
S. Tomaselli, The Most Public Sphere of all: the Family, in E. Eger, C. Grant, C. Gallchoir
and P. Warburton (eds), Women, Writing and the Public Sphere 1700-1830, (Cambridge, 2001),
pp. 239-56.
D. Engster, Mary Wollstonecrafts Nurturing Liberalism: Between an Ethic of
Justice and Care, American Political Science Review 95 (2001), 577-588.
G J. Barker-Benfield, Mary Wollstonecraft: Eighteenth-Century
Commonwealthswoman, Journal of the History of Ideas, 50 (1989), 95-115.
M. Brody, Mary Wollstonecraft: Sexuality and Womens Rights, in D. Spender (ed), Feminist
Theorists: Three Centuries of Womens Intellectual Traditions, (London, 1983), 40-59
D. Bromwich, Wollstonecraft as a Critic of Burke, Political Theory, 23 (1995), 617- 632.
J. Conniff, Edmund Burke and His Critics: The Case of Mary Wollstonecraft, Journal of
the History of Ideas, 60 (1999), 299-318.
D. Guralnick, Radical Politics in Wollstonecrafts Vindication of the Rights of Women,
Studies in Burke and his Time, 18 (1977), 155-66.
R. M. Janes, On the Reception of Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of
Women, Journal of the History of Ideas, 39 (1978), 293-302.
T. OHagan, Rousseau and Wollstonecraft on Sexual Equality, in R. Bellamy and A. Ross
(eds), A Textual Introduction to Social and Political Theory, (Manchester, 1996), pp. 123-54.
M. Philp, Mary Wollstonecraft and Political Justice, in Philp, Godwins Political Justice,
(London, 1986), pp. 175-92.
K. OBrien, Catharine Macaulays Histories of England: A Female Perspective on the History
of Liberty in B. Taylor and S. Knott (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment, (Basingstoke,
2005), pp. 523-37.
15
A8. KANT
Set Texts:
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. M. Gregor (Cambridge, 1998)
Political Writings, ed. H. Reiss, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1991)
M. Kuehn, Kant: A Biography (Cambridge, 2001)
P. Guyer, Kant (London, 2006)
A. Wood, Kant (Oxford, 2005)
A. Wood, Kants Ethical Thought (Cambridge 1999)
R. J. Sullivan, An Introduction to Kants Ethics, (Cambridge, 1994)
J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman (ed), (Cambridge
MA, 2000),Kant, pp. 143-325.
S. Sedgwick, Kants Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: An Introduction
(Cambridge, 2008)
H. E. Allison, Kants Theory of Freedom, (Cambridge, 1990).
A. Ripstein, Force and Freedom: Kants Legal and Political Philosophy (Cambridge MA,
2009)
P. Riley, Kants Political Philosophy, (Totowa NJ, 1983)
E. Ellis, Kants Politics (New Haven, 2005), chs. 1-3
O. Hffe, Kants Cosmopolitan Theory of Law and Peace (Cambridge, 2006)
D. Henrich, The Moral Image of the World, in Heinrich (ed), Aesthetic Judgement and the
Moral Image of the World, (Stanford CA, 1992), 3-28
D. Henrich, The Deduction of the Moral Law: The Reasons for the Obscurity of the Final
Sections of Kants Groundwork on the Metaphysics of Morals, in P. Guyer (ed), Kants
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: Critical Essays, (New York, 1998), 303-41
R. Galvin, The Universal Law Formulas in T. E. Hill Jr. (ed), The Blackwell Guide to
Kants Ethics (Oxford, 2009), pp. 52-82.
O. Hffe, Kants Principle of Justice as Categorical Imperative of the Law, in Y. Yovel
(ed), Kants Practical Philosophy Re-evaluated, (Dordrecht, 1989), 149-67P. R.
A. Wood, Kants Practical Philosophy, in K. Ameriks (ed), The Cambridge
Companion to German Idealism (Cambridge, 2000), 57-75
A. Wood, Kant and the Problem of Human Nature, in B. Jacobs and P. Kain (eds), Essays on
Kants Anthropology (Cambridge, 2003), pp. 38-59.
P. Frierson, Kantian Moral Pessimism in S. Anderson-Cold and P. Muchnik (eds), Kants
Anatomy of Evil (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 33-56.
P. Guyer, The Crooked Timber of Mankind in A Oksenberg Rorty and J. Schmidt (eds),
Kants Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim: A Critical Guide (Cambridge,
2009), pp. 129-149.
R. B. Louden, Applying Kants Ethics: The Role of Anthropology in G. Bird (ed), A
Companion to Kant: Blackwell Companions to Philosophy (Oxford, 2010), pp. 350-363.
C. Taylor, Kants Theory of Freedom, in Taylor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences, 2
vols. (Cambridge, 1985), vol. 2, pp. 318-37
W. Kersting, Politics, Freedom and Order: Kants Political Philosophy, in P. Guyer (ed), The
Cambridge Companion to Kant, (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 342-66.
D. Henrich, On the Meaning of Rational Action in the State, in R. Beiner and W. J. Booth (eds),
Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy, (New Haven CT, 1993), pp. 97-116
R. B. Pippin, Mine and Thine: The Kantian State in P. Guyer (ed), The Cambridge
16
Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 416-446.
M. Gregor, Kants Theory of Property in S. Byrd and J. Hruschka (eds), Kant and Law
(Aldershot, 2006), pp. 109-139.
L. W. Beck, Kant and the Right to Revolution, Journal of the History of Ideas, 32 (1971),
411-22
T. E. Hill Jr, Questions about Kants Opposition to Revolution, Journal of Value Inquiry
36 (202), 283-298.
K. B. Westphal, Kant on the State, Law, and Obedience to Authority in the Alleged
Anti-Revolutionary Writings, Journal of Philosophical Research 17 (1992), 383-426.
C. M. Korsgaard, Taking the Law into Our Own Hands: Kant on the Right of Revolution, in,
A. Reath, B. Herman and C. Korsgaard, (eds), Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays for
John Rawls (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 297-328.
K. Flikschuh, Reason, Right, and Revolution: Kant and Locke, Philosophy and Public
Affairs, 36 (2008), 375-404.
P. P. Nicholson, Kant, Revolutions and History, in H. Williams (ed), Essays on Kants
Political Philosophy, (Cardiff, 1992), pp. 249-68.
W. Kersting, The Civil Constitution in Every State Shall Be a Republican One in K. Ameriks
and O. Hffe, Kants Moral and Legal Philosophy (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 246-264.
J. C. Laursen, The Subversive Kant: The Vocabulary of Public and Publicity, Political
Theory, 14 (1986), 584-603
J. Habermas, Kants Idea of Perpetual Peace, with the Benefit of Two Hundred Years
Hindsight in J. Bohman and M. Lutz-Bachmann, Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kants
Cosmopolitan Ideal (Cambridge, MA, 1997), pp. 113-154.
P. Kleingeld, Kantian Patriotism, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 29 (2000), 313-341.
17
A9. BENTHAM
Set Texts:
A Fragment on Government, ed. R. Harrison, (Cambridge, 1988)
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, eds. J. H. Burns and H. L. A.
Hart, (Oxford, 1996)
R. Harrison, Bentham, (London, 1983)
J. Dinwiddy, Bentham, (Oxford, 1989)
J. Waldron, Nonsense upon Stilts: Bentham, Burke and Marx on the Rights of Man, (London,
1987)
E. Halvy, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism, M. Morris ed., (London, 1928)
P. Schofield, Utility and Democracy: the Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham, (Oxford
2006)
F. Rosen, Jeremy Bentham and Representative Democracy: A Study of the
Constitutional Code, (Oxford, 1983)
L. J. Hume, Bentham and Bureaucracy, (Cambridge, 1981)
D. Lyons, In the Interest of the Governed: A Study in Benthams Philosophy of Law, (Oxford,
1973)
P. J. Kelly, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law,
(Oxford, 1990)
J.H. Burns, Bentham and Blackstone: A Lifetimes Dialectic, Utilitas, 1 (1989), 22-40
J. H. Burns, Benthams Critique of Political Fallacies, in B. Parekh (ed), Jeremy Bentham:
Ten Critical Essays, (London, 1974)
S. Darwall, Hume and the Invention of Utilitarianism in M. A. Stewart and J. P. Wright
(eds), Hume and Humes Connexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 58-82.
F. Rosen, The Origins of Liberal Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham and Liberty, in R.
Bellamy (ed), Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century Political Thought and Practice,
(London, 1990), pp. 58-70.
P. J. Kelly, Classical Utilitarianism and the Concept of Freedom: A Response to the
Republican Critique, Journal of Political Ideologies 6 (2001), 13-31.
J. A. W. Gunn, Jeremy Bentham and the Public Interest, in J. Lively and A. Reeve (eds),
Modern Political Theory from Hobbes to Marx: Key Debates, (London, 1989), pp. 199-219.
H. L. A. Hart, Natural Rights: Bentham and John Stuart Mill, in Hart, Essays on Bentham:
Jurisprudence and Political Theory, (Oxford, 1982), pp. 79-104.
R. Shackleton, The Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number: The History of Benthams
Phrase, in Shackleton, Essays on Montesquieu and on the Enlightenment, (eds) D. Gilson and
M. Smith, (Oxford, 1988), pp. 375-90.
W. Thomas, Bentham and His Circle, in Thomas, The Philosophic Radicals: Nine Studies in
Theory and Practice 1817-1841, (Oxford, 1979), 15-45.
R. Whatmore, Etienne Dumont, the British Constitution, and the French Revolution,
Historical Journal, 50 (2007), 23-47.
D. Lieberman, Economy and Polity in Benthams Science of Legislation, in S. Collini, R.
Whatmore and B. Young (eds), Economy, Polity and Society: British Intellectual History
1750-1950, (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 107-134.
D. Wootton, Introduction. The Republican Tradition: From Commonwealth to Common
Sense, in Wootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776,
(Stanford CA, 1994), pp. 1-41.
18
A10. CONSTANT
Set Text:
Political Writings, ed. B. Fontana, (Cambridge, 1988)
G. de Stal, Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution, ed. A. Craiutu
(Indianapolis IN, 2008)
A. Jainchill, Reimagining Politics After the Terror: The Republican Origins of French
Liberalism (Ithaca NY, 2008)
S. Holmes, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism, (New Haven CT, 1984)
G. A. Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism,
(Cambridge, 1992)
G. Dodge, Benjamin Constants Philosophy of Liberalism: A Study in Politics and Religion,
(Chapel Hill NC, 1980)
C. B. Welch, Liberty and Utility: The French Ideologues and the Transformation of
Liberalism, (New York, 1984)
B Fontana, Benjamin Constant and the Post-Revolutionary Mind (New Haven CT, 1991)
H. Rosenblatt, Liberal Values: Benjamin Constant and the Politics of Religion (Cambridge, 2008)
F. Furet, French Historians and the Reconstruction of the Republican Tradition, 18001848, in B. Fontana (ed), The Invention of the Modern Republic, (Cambridge, 1994), 173-91
S. Holmes, The Liberty to Denounce: Ancient and Modern, in H. Rosenblatt (ed), The
Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Constant, (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 47-68.
Jeremy Jennings, Constitutional Liberalism in France: from Benjamin Constant to Alexis
de Tocqueville, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of
Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011)
I. Berlin, Two Concepts of Liberty, in Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty, (London, 1969), 11872.
L. Siedentop, Two Liberal Traditions, in A. Ryan ed., The Idea of Freedom, (Oxford,
1979), 153-74.
G. Cubitt, Revolution, Reaction, Restoration: The Meanings and Uses of Seventeenth-Century
English History in the Political Thinking of Benjamin Constant, c.1797-1830, European
Review of History; 14 (2007), 21-47.
B. Garsten, Religion and the Case against Ancient Liberty: Benjamin Constants Other
Lectures Political Theory 38 (2010), 4-33.
B. Garsten, Constant on the Religious Spirit of Liberalism, in Rosenblatt (ed), Cambridge
Companion to Benjamin Constant, 286-312.
A. Pitt, The Religion of the Moderns: Freedom and Authenticity in Constants De la Religion,
History of Political Thought, 21 (2000), 67-87
K. S. Vincent, Benjamin Constant, the French Revolution, and the Origins of French
Romantic Liberalism French Historical Studies 23 (2000), 607-637
R. Whatmore, The Politics of Political Economy from Rousseau to Constant, in M. Bevir and
F. Trentman (eds), Markets in Historical Contexts. Ideas and Politics in the Modern World
(Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 46-69.
J. Pitts, Constants Thought on Slavery and Empire, in Rosenblatt (ed), Cambridge
Companion to Benjamin Constant, pp. 115-145.
19
A11. HEGEL
Set Texts:
Elements of the Philosophy of Right, ed. A. Wood (Cambridge, 1991)
Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction, Reason in History, ed. D. Forbes
(Cambridge, 1975)
Hegel: Political Writings, ed. L. Dickey (Cambridge, 1999)
T. Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography, (Cambridge, 2000)
C. Beiser, Hegel (London, 2005)
R. Plant, Hegel: An Introduction, (2nd edn., Oxford, 1983)
L. Dickey, Hegel: Religion, Economics and the Politics of Spirit 1770-1807,
(Cambridge, 1987)
A.W. Wood, Hegels Ethical Thought, (Cambridge, 1990)
R. R. Williams, Hegels Ethics of Recognition (Berkeley CA, 1997), Part 2: Recognition in the
Philosophy of Right, (Cambridge, MA, 2000)
F. Neuhouser, Foundations of Hegels Social Theory: Actualizing Freedom (Cambridge MA,
2000)
J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman ed., (Cambridge MA,
2000), Hegel, pp. 329-371.
D. Knowles, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel and the Philosophy of Right (London,
2002)
C .Taylor, Hegel and Modern Society, (Cambridge, 1979)
S. Avineri, Hegels Theory of the Modern State, (Cambridge, 1972)
E. Weil, Hegel and the State, trans. M.A. Cohen (Baltimore MD, 1998)
J. McCarney, Hegel on History, (London, 2000), Part 2: The Course of History.
M. Riedel, Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political
Philosophy (Cambridge, 1984)
R. Geuss, Art and Theodicy, in Geuss, Morality, Culture and History: Essays on German
Philosophy (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 78-115.
R. Geuss, Outside Ethics, in Geuss, Outside Ethics (Princeton NJ, 2005), pp. 40-66.
R. Pippin, Hegels Practical Philosophy: The Realization of Freedom, in K. Ameriks (ed.), The
Cambridge Companion to German Idealism (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 180-99
J. Shklar, Hegels Phenomenology: An Elegy for Hellas, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed),
Hegels Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 73-89
K.-H. Ilting, The Structure of Hegels Philosophy of Right, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed),
Hegels Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 90-110
K. Westphal, The Basic Context and Structure of Hegels Philosophy of Right, in F. C.
Beiser (ed),The Cambridge Companion to Hegel (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 234-69.
J. Waldron, Hegels Discussion of Property, in Waldron, The Right to Private Property,
(Oxford, 1988), pp. 343-89
G. Stedman Jones, Hegel and the Economics of Civil Society in S. Kaviraj and S. Khilnani
(eds), Civil Society: History and Possibilities, (Cambridge, 2001)
J. Habermas, Hegels Critique of the French Revolution and On Hegels Political Writings,
in Habermas, Theory and Practice, J. Viertel trans., (London, 1974) pp. 121-41 and 170-94
L. Siep, The Aufhebung of Morality in Ethical Life, in L. S. Stepelevich and D. Lamb
(eds), Hegels Philosophy of Action, (Atlantic Highlands NJ, 1983), pp. 137-56
M. J. Inwood, Hegel, Plato and Greek Sittlichkeit, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed), The State
20
and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 40-54
C.J. Nederman, Hegel on the Medieval Foundations of the Modern State, in
Nederman, Lineages of European Political Thought: Explorations along the
Medieval/Modern Divide from John of Salisbury to Hegel ((Washington D.C., 2009),
pp. 323-342.
Z.A. Pelczynski, Political Community and Individual Freedom in Hegels Philosophy
of State, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels Political
Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 55-76
D. Henrich, Logical Form and Real Totality: The Authentic Conceptual Form of Hegels
Concept of the State, in R. Pippin and O. Hffe (eds), Hegel on Ethics and Politics
(Cambridge, 2004), pp. 241-267.
L. Dickey, Hegel on Religion and Philosophy, in F. C. Beiser (ed), The Cambridge
Companion to Hegel, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 301-47
21
A12. TOCQUEVILLE
Set Text:
Democracy in America, eds. H. C. Mansfield and D. Winthrop (Chicago IL, 2000); or as
Democracy in America, De La Dmocracy en Amrique, Bilingual edition, Eduardo Nolla
(ed.), Translated by James T. Schleifer, 4 vols., Liberty Press, 2010), with a helpful
introduction by the editor.
L. Siedentop, Tocqueville, (Oxford, 1994)
C. Welch (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Tocqueville (Cambridge, 2006)
Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the Revolution, eds. F. Furet and F. Mlonio (Chicago IL,
1998)
Tocqueville on America after 1840: Letters and Other Writings, eds. A. Craiutu and J. Jennings
(Cambridge, 2009)
The Tocqueville Reader: A Life in Letters and Politics, eds. O. Zunz and A. S. Kahan (Oxford,
2002)
H. Brogan, Alexis de Tocqueville: Prophet of Democracy in the Age of Revolution, A Biography
(London, 2006)
L. Damrosch, Tocquevilles Discovery of America (New York, 2010).
C. B. Welch, De Tocqueville (Oxford, 2001)
P. Manent, Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy (Lanham MD, 1996).
R. Swedberg, Tocquevilles Political Economy (Princeton NJ, 2009)
J. Elster, Alexis de Tocqueville: The First Social Scientist (Cambridge, 2009)
S. Wolin, Tocqueville Between Two Worlds (Princeton NJ, 2001)
R. Boesche, The Strange Liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville, (Ithaca NY, 1987)
P. A. Rahe, Soft Despotism, Democracys Drift: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville and the
Modern Prospect (New Haven CT, 2009), Book 3 The Democratic Republic Reconsidered.
G. A. Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism,
(Cambridge, 1992)
Jeremy Jennings, Constitutional Liberalism in France: from Benjamin Constant to Alexis
de Tocqueville, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of
Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011)
J. Greenaway, Burke and Tocqueville on Conservatism, in R. Bellamy and A. Ross (eds), A
Textual Introduction to Social and Political Theory, (Manchester, 1996), 179- 204
H. Mitchell, The Changing Conditions of Freedom: Tocqueville in the Light of Rousseau,
History of Political Thought 9 (1988), 431-453.
H. Mitchell, Alexis de Tocqueville and the Legacy of the French Revolution, in F. Fehr
(ed), The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity, (Berkeley CA, 1990), 240-63.
A. Craiutu, Tocqueville and the Political Thought of the Doctrinaires, History of Political
Thought 20 (1999).
M. Richter, Tocqueville and Guizot on Democracy: from a Type of Society to a Political
Regime History of European Ideas, 30 (2004), 61-82.
R. Boesche, Why did Tocqueville think a successful revolution was impossible? in Liberty,
Equality, Democracy, ed. E. Nolla. (New York, 1992), pp. 1-20.
J. Elster, Consequences of Constitutional Choice: Reflections on Tocqueville, in J. Elster
and R. Slagstad (eds), Constitutionalism and Democracy, (Cambridge, 1988), 81-102.
S. Kessler, Tocqueville's Puritans: Christianity and the American Founding, 54(1992) Journal
22
of Politics, pp. 776-792
R. Boesche, Why Did Tocqueville Fear Abundance? Or the Tension Between Commerce and
Citizenship, History of European Ideas, 9 (1988), 25-45.
M. Drolet, Democracy and Political Economy: Tocqueville's Thoughts on J.-B. Say and T.R.
Malthus, History of European Ideas, 29 (2003), 159-181.
D. Bell, John Stuart Mill on Colonies, Political Theory, 38 (2010)
J. Pitts, Tocqueville and the Algeria Question, in Pitts, A Turn to Empire (Princeton NJ,
2005), ch. 7.
M. J. Mancini, Too Many Tocquevilles: The Fable of Tocqueville's American Reception
Journal of the History of Ideas, 69 (2008), 245-268.
23
A13. J. S. MILL
Set Texts:
On Liberty; with The Subjection of Women; and Chapters on Socialism, ed. S. Collini
(Cambridge, 1989)
Considerations on Representative Government, in Mill, Utilitarianism; On Liberty;
Considerations on Representative Government &c., ed. G. Williams., (London, 1993)
R. Reeves, John Stuart Mill: Victorian Firebrand (London, 2007)
J. Skorupski, John Stuart Mill, (London, 1991)
J. J. M. Robson, The Improvement of Mankind: The Social and Political Thought of John
Stuart Mill, (London, 1968)
F. Rosen, Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill (London, 2003)
F. Rosen, From Jeremy Bentham's radical philosophy to J. S. Mill's philosophic radicalism, in
G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political
Thought (Cambridge, forthcoming July 2011)
R. Harrison, John Stuart Mill, Mid-Victorian, in Stedman Jones & Claeys (eds), Cambridge
History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought.
Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch. 4
MA, 2007), Lectures on Mill, pp. 251-316.
R. Crisp, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism, (London, 1997)
J. Riley, Mill on Liberty, (London, 1998)
J. Gray and G. W. Smith, J. S. Mill on Liberty: In Focus, (London, 1991)
A. Pyle ed., Liberty: Contemporary Responses to John Stuart Mill, (Bristol, 1994)
D.F. Thompson, John Stuart Mill and Representative Government, (Princeton NJ, 1976)
N. Urbinati, Mill on Democracy: From the Athenian Polis to Representative Government
(Chicago, 2002)
N. Urbinati & A. Zakaras (eds.), J. S. Mills Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment
(Cambridge, 2007)
D. Winch, Wealth and Life: Essays on the Intellectual History of Political Economy in
Britain, 1848-1914 (Cambridge, 2009), Part 1 Mills Principles, pp. 27-88.
F. Hayek, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor: Their Correspondence and Subsequent
Marriage, (London, 1951)
A. P. Robson and J. M. Robson, Sexual Equality: Writings by John Stuart Mill, Harriet
Taylor Mill and Helen Taylor, (Toronto, 1994)
J.H. Burns, J. S. Mill and Democracy, 1829-61, in J. B. Schneewind (ed), Mill: A Collection of
Critical Essays, (Notre Dame IN, 1968), pp. 280-328.
J.H. Burns, The Light of Reason: Philosophical History in the Two Mills, in J. M. Robson
and M. Laine (eds), James and John Stuart Mill: Papers of the Centenary Conference,
(Toronto, 1976), pp. 3-20.
S. Collini, The Tendencies of Things: John Stuart Mill and the Philosophic Method, in
S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow (eds), That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in
Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983), 127-60.
H. L. A. Hart, Natural Rights: Bentham and John Stuart Mill, in Hart, Essays on Bentham:
Jurisprudence and Political Theory, (Oxford, 1982), pp. 79-104.
G.W. Smith, Freedom and Virtue in Politics: Some Aspects of Character, Circumstances
and Utility from Helvetius to J. S. Mill, Utilitas, 1 (1989), 112-34.
M. Mandelbaum, On Interpreting Mills Utilitariansm, Journal of the History of
Philosophy, 6 (1968), 35-46
24
D. Edwards, Toleration and Mills Liberty of Thought and Discussion, in S. Mendus (ed),
Justifying Toleration: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1988), 87-114.
S. Holmes, The Positive Constitutionalism of John Stuart Mill, in Holmes, Passion and
Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy, (Chicago, 1995), pp. 178-201.
A. Millar, Mill on Religion, in J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill,
(Cambridge, 1998), pp. 176-202.
J.M. Robson, Civilisation and Culture as Moral Concepts, in Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge
Companion to Mill, pp. 338-71.
A. Ryan, Two Concepts of Politics and Democracy: James and John Stuart Mill, in J.
Lively and A. Reeve (eds), Modern Political Theory from Hobbes to Marx: Key Debates,
(London, 1989), pp. 220-37.
L. Siedentop, Two Liberal Traditions, in A. Ryan (ed), The Idea of Freedom: Essays in
Honour of Isaiah Berlin, (Oxford, 1979), pp. 153-74.
W. Thomas, John Stuart Mill and the Crisis of Benthamism, in Thomas, The
Philosophic Radicals: Nine Studies in Theory and Practice 1817-1841, (Oxford, 1979), pp.
147-205.
R. Wollheim, Mill: The Ends of Life and the Preliminaries of Mortality, in T. Honderich
ed., Philosophy Through its Past, (Harmondsworth, 1984), pp. 335-355
A. Valls, Self-Development and the Liberal State: The Cases of John Stuart Mill and
Wilhelm von Humboldt, Review of Politics 61 (1999), 251-274.
S. Collini, Introduction, to John Stuart Mill, Essays on Equality, Law and Education,
J. M. Robson ed., (Toronto, 1984)
J. Riley, Mills Political Economy: Ricardian Science and Liberal Utilitarian Art, in Skorupski
(ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill, pp. 293-337.
J. Riley, J. S. Mills Liberal Utilitarian Assessment of Capitalism versus Socialism, Utilitas, 8
(1996), 39-71.
O. Kurer, J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism, Economic Record 68 (1992), 222-232.
D. E. Miller, Mills Socialism, Politics, Philosophy & Economics 2 (2003), 213-238.
J. Medearis, Labor, Democracy, Utility and Mills Critique of Private Property, American
Journal of Political Science 49 (2005), 135-149.
J. Annas, Mill and the Subjection of Women, Philosophy, 52 (1977), 179-94.
M.L. Shanley, The Subjection of Women, in Skorupski (ed), Cambridge Companion to
Mill, pp. 396-422.
M. L. Shanley, Marital Slavery and Friendship: John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women,
Political Theory, 9 (1981), 229-47
25
A14. MARX
Set Texts:
The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones, (London, 2002)
Marx: Early Political Writings, J. OMalley and R. A. Davis eds (Cambridge, 1994)
Marx: Later Political Writings, ed. T. Carver (Cambridge, 1996)
Capital; A Critique of Political Economy, Vol. I, ed. B. Fowkes (Harmondsworth, 1976)
Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation
Marx-Zasulich correspondence in T. Shanin ed., Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and
the Peripheries of Capitalism (London, 1983)
F. Wheen, Karl Marx: A Life (London, 1999)
T. Hunt, The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (London,
2009)
L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978)
MA, 2007), Lectures on Marx, pp. 319-372.
S. S. Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought,
expanded edn., (Princeton NJ, 2004), chapter 12 Marx: Theorist of the Political Economy of
the Proletariat or of Uncollapsed Capitalism?, pp. 406-453.
D. Leopold, The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human
Flourishing (Cambridge, 2007)
J. Elster, An Introduction to Karl Marx, (Cambridge, 1986)
G.A. Cohen, Karl Marxs Theory of History: A Defence, (London, 1979)
A. Heller, The Theory of Need in Marx, (London, 1976)
P. J. Kain, Marx and Ethics, (Oxford, 1988)
J. Maguire, Marxs Theory of Politics, (Cambridge, 1978)
R. Miller, Analyzing Marx: Morality, Power and History, (Princeton NJ, 1984)
M. Musto ed, Karl Marx's Grundrisse : Foundations of the Critique of Political
Economy 150 Years Later (London; 2008)
R. Bellofiore and R. Fineschi eds, Re-reading Marx : New Perspectives After the Critical
Edition (Basingstoke, 2009)
G. Stedman Jones, Introduction to The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones, (London,
2002)
D.R. Kelley, The Metaphysics of Law: An Essay on the Very Young Marx, American
Historical Review, 83 (1978), 350-67.
D.R. Kelley, The Science of Anthropology: An Essay on the Very Old Marx, Journal of
the History of Ideas, 45 (1984), 245-62.
S. Lukes, Marxism and Morality, (Oxford, 1987)
G.A. Cohen, Forces and Relations of Production and Marxism and Functional
Explanation in J. Roemer (ed), Analytical Marxism, (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 11-22 and 221234.
G.A. Cohen, A Reply to Elster, in A. Callinicos (ed), Marxist Theory, (Oxford, 1989),
pp. 88-104.
J. Elster, Further Thoughts on Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory, in Roemer (ed),
Analytical Marxism, (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 202-220.
J. Elster, Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory: The Case for Methodological
Individualism, in A. Callinicos (ed), Marxist Theory, (Oxford, 1989), pp. 48-87
W. J. Booth, Gone Fishing: Making Sense of Marxs Concept of Communism, Political
Theory, 17 (1989), 205-222.
26
T. Carver, Communism for Critical Critics? The German Ideology and the Problem
of Technology, History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), 129-136.
D. Gregory, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Knowledge of French Socialism in 1842-3,
Historical Reflections, 10 (1983), 143-193.
N. Levine, The German Historical School of Law and the Origins of Historical
Materialism, Journal of the History of Ideas, 48 (1987), 431-451.
J. Fracchia, Marx's Aufhebung of Philosophy and the Foundations of a Materialist Science of
History History and Theory, 30 (1991), 153-179.
Z. A. Pelczynski, Nation, Civil Society, State: Hegelian Sources of the Marxian
Non-Theory of Nationality, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels
Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), 262-278.
G. Wada, Marx and Revolutionary Russia, in T. Shanin (ed), Late Marx and the Russian
Road: Marx and the Peripheries of Capitalism, (London, 1983), 40-75.
G. Stedman Jones, Radicalism and the Extra-European World: the Case of Marx in D. Bell
ed., Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in Nineteenth
Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2008), pp. 186-214
G. Reuten, Karl Marx: His Work and the Major Changes of Interpretation, inW. J. Samuels,
J. E. Biddle and J.B. Davis (eds), A Companion to the History of Economic Thought (Oxford,
2007), pp. 148-166.
A. Roncaglia, Karl Marx, in Roncaglia, The Wealth of Ideas: A History of Economic Thought
(Cambridge, 2005), pp. 244-277.
27
B15. HUMAN NATURE AND HISTORY

IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Suggested primary reading:
I. Kant, Political Writings, ed. H. Reiss, trans. H. B. Nisbet, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1991), esp. pp. 41-60, 192-234.
J. G. Herder, Another Philosophy of History and Selected Political Writings, Ioannis D.
Evrigenis and Daniel Pellerin eds. (Indianapolis IN, 2004)
J. G. Herder, Ideas for a Philosophy of the History of Mankind (1784-91), in J. G. Herder on
Social and Political Culture, ed. F. M. Barnard (London, 1969), esp. pp. 253-271, 311-326.
J. Schmidt, ed., What is Enlightenment? Eighteenth-century answers and twentieth-century
questions (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), esp. essays by Jacobi (1782),
Mendelssohn, Kant, Reinhold, Hamann (all 1784)
J. H. Zammito, Kant, Herder and the Birth of Anthropology. (Chicago IL, 2002)
J. Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man, (London, 1970)
F. M. Barnard, Self-Direction and Political Legitimacy: Rousseau and Herder, (Oxford,
1988)
H. Brunschwig, Enlightenment and Romanticism in Eighteenth-Century Prussia, (Chicago,
1974)
F. C. Beiser, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte,
(Cambridge MA, 1987)
F. C. Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern German
Political Thought 1790-1800, (Cambridge MA, 1992)
C. W. J. Withers, Placing the Enlightenment: Thinking Geographically about the Age of
Reason (Chicago IL, 2007)
J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge,
2005), chapter 1 and Conclusion, pp. 1-51 and 377-405.
K. Epstein, The Genesis of German Conservatism, (Princeton NJ, 1966)
J. K. Wright, Historical Writing in the Enlightenment World, in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C.
Knellwolf and I. McCalman (eds.), The Enlightenment World, (London, 2004), pp. 207-216.
D. F. Norton and M. Kuehn, The Foundations of Morality, in K. Haakonssen (ed.) The
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986.
A. Meyer, The Experience of Human Diversity and the Search for Unity: Concepts of
Mankind in the Late Enlightenment Studi Settecenteschi 21 (2001), 244-64.
J. B. Schneewind, Toward Enlightenment: Kant and the Sources of Darkness, in D.
Rutherford (ed.), Cambridge Companion to Early Modern Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006),
pp. 328-351.
I. Berlin, The Counter-Enlightenment, in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of
Ideas, H. Hardy ed., (Oxford, 1981), pp. 1-24.
R. E. Norton, The Myth of the Counter-Enlightenment, Journal of the History of Ideas 68
(2007), 635-658.
W. Pross, Naturalism, Anthropology and Culture, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds.), The
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 218247.
H. Rosenblatt, The Christian Enlightenment, in S. J. Brown and T. Tackett eds., The
Cambridge History of Christianity, 16001815 (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 283301.
J. G. A. Pocock, The Re-Description of Enlightenment, Proceedings of the British Academy
125 (2005), 101-117.
J. G. A. Pocock, Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment, Revolution and Counter-
28
Revolution: A Eurosceptical Inquiry, History of Political Thought, 20 (1999), 12539.
J.G.A. Pocock, Historiography and Enlightenment: A View of Their History, Modern
Intellectual History 5(2008), 83-96.
Robertson, John The Enlightenments of J. G. A. Pocock, Storia della storiografia
History of Historiography, 39 (2001), 140-51.
The case for the Enlightenment: a Comparative Approach, in J. Mali and R. Wokler
eds., Isaiah Berlins Counter-Enlightenment Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, 93 (2003), part 5, 73-90.
J. Israel, Enlightenment! Which Enlightenment?, Journal of the History of Ideas, 67
(2006), 52345.
J. Schmidt, Inventing the Enlightenment: British Hegelians, Anti-Jacobins, and the
Oxford English Dictionary, Journal of the History of Ideas, 64 (2003), 42143.
J. Schmidt, What Enlightenment Project?, Political Theory, 734-757.
F. Meinecke, Herder, in Meinecke, Historism: The Rise of a New Historical Outlook, J.
E. Anderson ed., (London, 1972), pp. 295-372.
C. Taylor, The Importance of Herder, in Taylor, Philosophical Arguments,
(Cambridge MA, 1995), pp. 79-99.
S. Wiborg, Political and Cultural Nationalism in Education: The Ideas of Rousseau and
Herder concerning National Education, Comparative Education 36 (2000), 235-243.
T. P. Saine, Whos Afraid of Christian Wolff?, in A.C. Kors and P.J. Korshin (eds),
Anticipations of the Enlightenment in England, France and Germany, (Philadelphia, 1987),
pp. 102-33.
D. Denby, Herder: Culture, Anthropology and the Enlightenment, History of the Human
Sciences, 18 (2005), 55-76.
D. Linker, The Reluctant Pluralism of J. G. Herder, Review of Politics 62 (2000), 267S. Sikka, Enlightened Relativism: The Case of Herder, Philosophy and Social Criticism 31
(2005), 309-341.
S. Meld Shell, Kants Idea of History, in Meld Shell, The Embodiment of Reason: Kant on
Spirit, Generation and Community, (Chicago, 1996), pp. 161-89.
R. Velkley, The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilisation in Rousseau and
German Philosophy, in C. Orwin and N. Tarcov (eds), The Legacy of Rousseau, (Chicago,
1997), pp. 65-86.
29
B16. COMMERCIAL SOCIETY

AND THE AMBIGUITIES OF CIVILISATION
B. Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, 2 vols., F. B. Kaye ed., (Indianapolis, 1988) A.
Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society, ed. F. Oz-Salzberger (Cambridge,
1995)
J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic
Republican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), Chapters 12-14
A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism
before its Triumph, (Princeton NJ, 1977)
I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), Introduction pp. 1-156, and
chapters 1, 2, 5 and 6.
R. L. Meek, Social Science and the Ignoble Savage, (Cambridge, 1976)
D. Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain
1750-1834, (Cambridge, 1996), Part I, 57-89
T. A. Horne, The Social Thought of Bernard Mandeville: Virtue and Commerce in Early
Eighteenth Century England, (London, 1978), Chapter 3.
E, J, Hundert, The Enlightenment's Fable (Cambridge, 1994)
N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the
Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), Parts III and IV
H. C. Clark, Compass of Society: Commerce and Absolutism in Old Regime France
(Lanham MD, 2007), chapters 2-8.
J. Shovlin, The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins of
the French Revolution (Ithaca NY, 2006)
J.G.A. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 3: The First Decline and Fall (Cambridge,
2003), chapter 16, pp. 372-416.
J. Robertson, The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue (Edinburgh, 1985)
(Cambridge, 2005), chapter 7, The Advent of Enlightenment: Political Economy in Naples and
Scotland 1730-1760, pp. 325-376.
I. Hont, The Early Enlightenment Debate on Commerce and Luxury, in M. Goldie and R.
Wokler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought
(Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379-418.
I. Hont, Commercial Society and Political Theory in the Eighteenth Century: the Problem of
Authority in David Hume and Adam Smith, in W. Melching and W. Velema (eds), Main
Trends in Cultural History: Ten Essays, (Amsterdam, 1994), pp. 54- 94.
M. Sonenscher, Property, Community and Citizenship, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 465-496.
J. G. A. Pocock, Virtues, Rights and Manners: A Model for Historians of Political Thought, in
Pocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History chiefly in the
Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), 37-50
J. G. A. Pocock, Perceptions of Modernity in Early Modern Historical Thinking, Intellectual
History Review 17 (2007), 79-92.
A. O. Hirschman, Rival Views of Market Society, in Hirschman, Rival Views of Market
Society and other Recent Essays, (New York, 1986), 105-41
D. van Kley, Pierre Nicole, Jansenism, and the Morality of Enlightened Self Interest in A. C.
30
Kors and P. J. Korshin, (eds), Anticipations of the Enlightenment in England, France, and
Germany, (Philadelphia PA, 1987), pp. 69-85.
E. J. Hundert, Bernard Mandeville and the Enlightenments Maxims of Modernity, Journal of
the History of Ideas, 56 (1994), 57793.
J. Viner, The Intellectual History of Laissez Faire, in Viner, Essays on the Intellectual
History of Economics, D. A. Irwin ed., (Princeton NJ, 1991), pp. 200-25
J. Robertson, The Scottish Enlightenment at the Limits of the Civic Tradition in I. Hont and
M. Ignatieff (eds), Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish
Enlightenment, (Cambridge, 1983), pp. 137-78.
M. Sonenscher, Property, Community and Citizenship, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 465-496.
F.A Hayek, The Results of Human Actions But Not of Human Design, in Hayek, Studies in
Philosophy, Politics and Economics, (London, 1967).
E. Heath, Ferguson on the Unintended Emergence of Social Order, in E. Heath and V.
Merolle (eds), Adam Ferguson: Philosophy, Politics and Society (London, 2009), pp. 155168.
C. Finlay, Rhetoric and Citizenship in Adam Fergusons Essay on the History of Civil
Society, History of Political Thought, 27:1 (2006), 27-49
R. B. Sher, From Troglodytes to Americans: Montesquieu and the Scottish
Enlightenment on Liberty, Virtue, and Commerce, in David Wootton (ed), Republicanism,
Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776, (Stanford CA, 1994), 368-402.
G .L. McDowell, Commerce, Virtue and Politics: Adam Fergusons Constitutionalism,
Review of Politics, 45 (1983), 36-52.
I. McDaniel, Ferguson, Roman History and the Threat of Military Government in Modern
Europe, in E. Heath and V. Merolle (eds), Adam Ferguson: History, Progress and Human
Nature (London, 2007), pp. 115-130.
R. B. Sher, Adam Ferguson, Adam Smith, and the Problem of National Defense
Journal of Modern History 61 (1989), 240-68.
D. Kettler, History and Theory in Fergusons Essay on the History of Civil Society, Political
Theory, 5 (1977), 437-60
D. Raynor, Ferguson's Reflections Previous to the Establishment of a Militia', in E. Heath and
V. Merolle (eds.) Adam Ferguson: History, Progress and Human Nature, pp. 65-72.
J. D. Brewer, Adam Ferguson and the Theme of Exploitation, British Journal of Sociology,
37 (1986), 461-78.
R. Hamowy, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and the Division of Labour, Economica, n.s. 35
(1968), 244-259.
R. Hamowy, Scottish Thought and the American Revolution: Adam Fergusons Response
to Richard Price, in D. Womersley (ed), Liberty and the American Experience in the
Eighteenth Century (Indianapolis IN, 2006), pp. 348-387.
31
B17. ENLIGHTENED REFORM AND POLITICS IN EUROPE

Suggested Primary Reading:
Voltaire, Political Writings, ed. D. Williams (Cambridge, 1994)
Frederick of Prussia, Anti-Machiavel, ed. P. Sonnino, (Athens, OH, 1981)
D. Diderot, Political Writings, eds. J. Hope Mason and R. Wokler (Cambridge, 1992)
A. Lentin ed., Enlightened Absolutism (1760-1790): A Documentary Sourcebook,
(Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1985)
Suggested Secondary Reading:
F. Venturi, Utopia and Reform in the Enlightenment, (Cambridge, 1971)
F. Venturi, The End of the Old Regime in Europe 1776-1789, 3 vols., (Princeton NJ,
1989-1991)
R. Koselleck, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society,
(Oxford, 1988)
J. I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man
1670-1752 (Oxford, 2006), chapters 9-12.
M.A. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political
Thought (Cambridge 2006), especially Parts 1, 2 and 5.
E. H. Balzs, Hungary and the Hapsburgs 1765-1800: An Experiment in Enlightened
Absolutism, (Budapest, 1997)
D. Beales, Enlightenment and Reform in Eighteenth-Century Europe (London, 2005),
especially chapters 1-3, 11-12.
D. Beales, Joseph II, Volume I: In the Shadow of Maria Theresa 1714-1780,
(Cambridge, 1987)
D. Beales, Joseph II, Volume I: Against the World, 1780-1790 (Cambridge, 2009)
U. Adam, The Political Economy of J.H.G. Justi (Berne, 2006), chapters 3-5.
T. Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648-1815 (London, 2007), Parts 2 and 4.
H.M. Scott (ed), Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in Later Eighteenth-Century
Europe, (Basingstoke, 1990)
J. Gagliardo, Enlightened Despotism, (London, 1968)
W. Oppenheim, Europe and the Enlightened Despots, (London, 1990)
R. Wines ed., Enlightened Despotism: Reform or Reaction?, (Boston, 1967)
M. Cranston, Philosophers and Pamphleteers: Political Theorists of the
Enlightenment, (Oxford, 1986)
D H.C. Payne, The Philosophers and the People, (New Haven CT, 1976)
P. Gay, The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment, (2nd edn., New York,
1971)
N.O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance and the
Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980)
P. Gay, Voltaires Politics: The Poet as Realist, (2nd edn., New Haven CT, 1988)
H. Mason, Voltaire, (London, 1975)
A. Strugnell, Diderots Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderots Political Thought
after the Encyclopedie, (The Hague, 1973)
I.O. Wade, The Intellectual Origins of the French Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1971)
F. Venturi, The European Enlightenment, in Venturi, Italy and the Enlightenment: Studies in
a Cosmopolitan Century, S. Corsi trans., (London, 1972), pp. 1-32.
D. Wootton, Introduction. The Republican Tradition: From Commonwealth to Common
Sense, toWootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776,
32
(Stanford CA, 1994), pp. 1-41
R. Shackleton, Allies and Enemies: Voltaire and Montesquieu and When did the French
Philosophes become a Party? in Shackleton, Essays on Montesquieu and on the
Enlightenment, D. Gilson and M. Smith eds., (Oxford, 1988), pp. 53-70 and 447-60.
D. Beales, Philosophical Kingship and Enlightened Despotism, M. Goldie and R. Wokler
(eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006),
pp 497-524.
Steiner, Philippe Wealth and Power: Quesnays Political Economy of the Agricultural
Kingdom, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 24 (2002), 91-110.
P. Cheney, Physiocracy and the Politics of History, in Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce:
Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge MA, 2010), chapter 5, pp. 141-167.
G. Parry, Enlightened Government and its Critics in Eighteenth-Century Germany, Historical
Journal, 6, (1963), pp. 178-92
C. Ingrao, The Problem of "Enlightened Absolutism and the German States, Journal of
Modern History, 58 (1986), 16180.
Zurbuchen, Simone. Theorizing Enlightened Absolutism: The Swiss Republican Origins of
Prussian Monarchism in H. Blom, J. C. Laursen and L. Simonutti, (eds), Monarchisms in the
Age of Enlightenment, (Toronto, 2007), pp. 240-66.
33
B18. POLITICAL THOUGHT

OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
J. Madison, A. Hamilton and J. Jay, The Federalist, ed. J.R. Pole (Indianapolis, 2004)
H. J. Storing, The Complete Anti-Federalist, (Chicago, 1981)
T. Paine, Common Sense, ed. I. Kramnick (Harmondsworth, 1976)
T. Jefferson, Political Writings, J. Appleby and T. Ball eds., (Cambridge, 1999)
P. B. Kurland and R. Lerner eds., The Founders Constitution, Vol. 1 Major Themes, (5
vols., Chicago IL, 1987)
The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters
During the Struggle over Ratification, The Library of America, vols. 62-63, (2 vols., New
York, 1992)
C. Hyneman and D. Lutz eds., American Political Writing during the Founding Era 17601805, (2 vols., Indianapolis IN, 1983)
B. Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, (Cambridge MA, 1967)
J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic
Republican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), Chapter 15.
P. A. Rahe, Republics, Ancient and Modern. Volume III. Inventions of Prudence:
Constituting the American Regime, (3 vols., Chapel Hill NC, 1994)
B. Manin, The Principles of Representative Government, (Cambridge, 1997)
P. N. Miller, Defining the Common Good: Empire, Religion and Philosophy in Eighteenth
Century Britain, (Cambridge, 1994)
G. S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic 1776-1787, (Williamsburg VA, 1969)
G.S. Wood, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815, (Oxford, 2010)
S. Beer, To Make a Nation: The Rediscovery of American Federalism, (Cambridge MA, 1993)
D. F. Epstein, The Political Theory of The Federalist, (Chicago, 1984)
J. Storing, What the Anti-Federalists Were For (Chicago IL, 1981)
M. J. C. Vile, Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers, 2nd edn., (Indianapolis IN,
1998), chapter 6 The Doctrine of America, pp. 131-192.
L. Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty: James Madison and the Founding of the Federal
Republic, (Ithaca NY, 1995)
C. A. Sheehan, James Madison and the Spirit of Republican Self-Government (Cambridge,
2009)
E. Nelson, The Greek Tradition in Republican Thought (Cambridge, 2004), chapter 6 The
Greek Tradition and the American Founding, pp. 195-233.
L. Banning, The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology, (Ithaca NY, 1974)
P. S. Onuf, Jeffersons Empire: The Language of American Nationhood, (Charlottesville VA,
2000)
D. N. Mayer, The Constitutional Thought of Thomas Jefferson, (Charlottesville VA, 1994)
T. S. Engeman ed., Thomas Jefferson and the Politics of Nature, (Notre Dame IN, 2000)
G. L. McDowell and S. L. Noble, Reason and Republicanism: Thomas Jeffersons Legacy
of Liberty, (Lanham MD, 1997)
G. S. Wood, The American Enlightenment, in G. McDowell and J. ONeill (eds), America
and Enlightenment Constitutionalism, (Basinstoke, 2006), pp. 15975.
G. S. Wood, The American Revolution, in Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler (eds), The
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch.21.
34
J. G. A. Pocock, 1776: The Revolution against Parliament, in Pocock (ed), Three British
Revolutions: 1641, 1688 and 1776, (Princeton NJ, 1980), pp. 265-88.
J. G. A. Pocock, Empire, State and Confederation: the War of American Independence as
a Crisis in Multiple Monarchy, in J. Robertson (ed), A Union for Empire: Political Thought
and the Union of 1707, (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 318-48.
J. G. A. Pocock, Political Thought in the English-Speaking Atlantic 1760-1790, in J. G. A.
Pocock, G. Schochet and L. Schwoerer (eds), The Varieties of British Political Thought
1500-1800, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 246-317.
J. P. Greene, Negotiated Authorities: The Problem of Governance in the Extended Polities
of the Early Modern Atlantic World in Greene, Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial
Political and Constitutional History, (Charlottesville VA, 1994), pp. 1-24.
J. P. Greene, The Concept of Virtue in Late Colonial British America, in R. K. Matthews
(ed), Virtue, Corruption and Self-Interest: Political Values in the Eighteenth Century, (London,
1994), pp. 27-54.
D. Armitage, The Declaration of Independence and International Law, William and Mary
Quarterly, 59 (2002), 3964.
D. Adair, That Politics May Be Reduced to a Science: David Hume, James Madison, and the
Tenth Federalist, in T. Colbourn (ed), Fame and the Founding Fathers Essays of Douglass
Adair, with a Personal Memoir by Caroline Robbins and a Bibliographical Essay by Robert
Shalhope (Indiananapolis IN, 1998), pp. 132-51
P. S. Onuf, State Sovereignty and the Making of the Constitution, in T. Ball and J. G. A.
Pocock (eds), Conceptual Change and the Constitution, (Kansas, 1988), pp. 8-98
M. Forsyth, Alexander Hamilton, James Jay and James Madison: The Federalist, in
M. Forsyth, M. Keens-Soper and J. Hoffman (eds), The Political Classics: Hamilton to Mill,
(Oxford, 1993), pp. 9-43.
G. S. Wood, Is There a James Madison Problem?, in D. Womersley (ed), Liberty and the
American Experience in the Eighteenth Century (Indianapolis IN, 2006), pp. 425-447.
B. Manin, Checks, Balances and Boundaries: the Separation of Powers in the Constitutional
Debate of 1787, in B. Fontana (ed), The Invention of the Modern Republic, (Cambridge, 1994),
pp. 27-62.
D. Wootton, Liberty, Metaphor, and Mechanism: Checks and Balances and the Origins of
Modem Constitutionalism, in Womersley (ed), Liberty and the American Experience in the
Eighteenth Century, pp. 209-274.
L. Banning, Jeffersonian Ideology Revisited: Liberal and Classical Ideas in the New American
Republic, William and Mary Quarterly, 43 (1986), 2-19.
J. Appleby, What is Still American in the Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson?, William
and Mary Quarterly, 39 (1982), 287309.
L. Banning, Some Second Thoughts on Virtue and the Course of Revolutionary Thinking,
in T. Ball and J. G. A. Pocock (eds), Conceptual Change and the Constitution, pp. 194212.
S. Fleischacker, Adam Smiths Reception Among the American Founders, 1776-1790
William and Mary Quarterly 59 (2002),
35
B19. POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Sieys, Political Writings, ed. M. Sonenscher (Indianapolis IN, 2003)
Condorcet, Selected Writings, ed. K. M. Baker (Indianapolis IN, 1976)
K. M. Baker ed., The Old Regime and the French Revolution: Readings in Western
Civilisation, (Chicago, 1987)
G. Rud, Robespierre: Great Lives Observed, (n.p., 1976)
R. T. Bienvenu ed., The Ninth of Thermidor: The Fall of Robespierre, (New York, 1968), pp.
32-49
M. Walzer ed., Regicide and Revolution: Speeches at the trial of Louis XIV, (New York,
1992), especially Speech of Saint-Just.
G. de Stal, Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution, ed. A. Craiutu
(Indianapolis IN, 2008)
of the French Revolution (Princeton, 2007), chapters 3-4.
M. Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution
(Princeton NJ, 2008) chapters 4-6.
F. Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution, (Cambridge, 1981)
F. Furet, The French Revolution 1770-1814, A. Nevill trans., (Oxford, 1996), chapters 13.
B. Manin, The Principles of Representative Government, (Cambridge, 1997)
P. Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce: Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge
MA, 2010), chapters 6-7.
J. Shovlin, The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins of
the French Revolution (Ithaca NY, 2006), chapters 5-6.
H. C. Clark, Compass of Society: Commerce and Absolutism in Old Regime France
(Lanham MD, 2007), chapters 8-10.
Dale van Kley, The Religious Origins of the French Revolution (Yale University Press, 1999)
A. Jainchill, Reimagining Politics after the Terror: The Republican Origins of French
Liberalism (Ithaca NY, 2008)
T. C. M. Blanning, The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars, (London, 1986)
F. Furet, The French Revolution or Pure Democracy, in C. Lucas (ed), Rewriting the French
Revolution, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 33-45.
F. Furet, Rousseau and the French Revolution, in C. Orwin and N. Tarcov (eds), The
Legacy of Rousseau, (Chicago, 1997), pp. 168-82.
K. M. Baker, Fixing the French Constitution, in K. M. Baker, Inventing the French
Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge,
1990), pp. 252-305
K. M. Baker, The Idea of a Declaration of Rights, in D. van Kley (ed), The French Idea of
Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789, (Stanford CA, 1994), pp.
154-96
K. M. Baker, Political Languages of the French Revolution in Mark Goldie and Robert
Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge
2006), ch.22
L. Jaume, Citizen and State under the French Revolution, in Q. Skinner and B. Strath (eds),
States and Citizens (Cambridge, 2003), pp. 13144
I. Hont, The Permanent Crisis of a Divide Mankind: Nation-State and Nationalism in
36
Historical Perspective, in Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), pp. 447-528
M. Sonenscher, The Nations Debt and the Birth of the Modern Republic: The French
Fiscal Deficit and the Politics of the Revolution of 1789, History of Political Thought, 18 (1997),
64-103
M. Sonenscher, Republicanism, State Finances and the Emergence of Commercial Society
in Eighteenth-Century Franceor from Royal to Ancient Republicanism, and Back in M.
van Gelderen and Q. Skinner, (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, (2 vols.,
Cambridge, 2002); vol. 2, pp. 275-291
M. Forsyth, Emmanuel Siyes: What is the Third Estate?, in M. Forsyth, M. Keens-Soper
and J. Hoffman (eds), The Political Classics: Hamilton to Mill, (Oxford, 1993), 44-75
C. Jones, The Framework of Government, in Jones, The Longman Companion to the French
Revolution, (London, 1988), pp. 60-74
T. Skocpol and M. Kestenbaum, Mars Unshackled: The French Revolution in World-Historical
Perspective, in F. Fehr (ed), The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity, (Berkeley
CA, 1990), pp. 13-29.
37
B20. DISSENT AND THE POLITICS

OF RIGHTS IN LATE-18TH CENTURY BRITAIN
R. Price, Political Writings, ed. D. O. Thomas (Cambridge, 1991)
J. Priestley, Political Writings, ed. P. N. Miller (Cambridge, 1993)
W. Godwin, An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, ed. I. Kramnick (3rd ed.,
Harmondsworth, 1976)
T. Paine, The Rights of Man, ed. G. Claeys (Indianapolis IN, 1992)
The Politics of English Jacobinism: Writings of John Thelwall, ed. G. Claeys (Penn
Station PN, 1995)

K. Haakonssen ed., Enlightenment and Religion: Rational Dissent in Eighteenth-Century
Britain, (Cambridge, 1996)
A. Lincoln, Some Political and Social Ideas of English Dissent 1763-1800, (New York,
1971)
G. Claeys, The French Revolution Debate in Britain: The Origins of Modern Politics
(London, 2007)
J. C. D. Clark, English Society 1660-1832: Religion, Ideology and Politics during the Ancien
Regime, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 2000)
P. N. Miller, Defining the Common Good: Empire, Religion and Philosophy in Eighteenth
Century Britain, (Cambridge, 1994)
I. Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeois Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late EighteenthCentury England and America (Ithaca NY, 1990), Chapters 1-3, 6-7
R. Lund, The Margins of Orthodoxy: Heterodox Writing and Cultural Response, 16601750, (Cambridge, 1995)
E. Bradley, Religion, Revolution and English Radicalism: Non-Conformity in EighteenthCentury Politics and Society, (Cambridge, 1990)
D. O. Thomas, The Honest Mind: The Thought and Work of Richard Price, (Oxford, 1977)
G. Claeys, Thomas Paine: Social and Political Thought, (London, 1989)
M. Philp, Godwins Political Justice, (London, 1986)
J. Brewer, English Radicalism in the Age of George III, in J. G. A. Pocock (ed), Three
British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776, (Princeton NJ, 1980), pp. 323-67
M. Canovan, The Irony of History: Priestleys Rational Theology, Price-Priestley
Newsletter, 4 (1980), 16-25
Fitzpatrick, Reflections on a Footnote: Richard Price and Love of Country, Enlightenment
and Dissent, 6 (1987), 41-58
M. Fitzpatrick, Heretical Religion and Radical Political Ideas in Late-Eighteenth Century
England, in E. Hellmuth (ed), The Transformation of Political Culture: England and
Germany in the late Eighteenth Century, (Oxford, 1990), pp. 339-74
J. Fruchtman Jnr., The Apocalyptic Politics of Richard Price and Joseph Priestley: A Study in
Late-Eighteenth Century English Republican Millennialism, Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, 73 (1983), Part 4, 1-125
I. Hampsher-Monk British Radicalism and the Anti-Jacobins in M. Goldie and R. Wokler
eds., The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch. 23
G. Claeys William Godwins Critique of Democracy and Republicanism and Its Sources
History of European Ideas, 7 (1986), 253-269
38
C. Hay, The Making of a Radical: The Case of James Burgh, Journal of British Studies, 18
(1979), 90-117
I. Kramnick, Corruption in Eighteenth-Century English and American Political Discourse,
in R. K. Matthews (ed), Virtue, Corruption and Self-Interest: Political Values in the
Eighteenth Century, (Bethlehem PA, 1994), pp. 55-75
J. G. A. Pocock, Josiah Tucker on Burke, Locke and Price: A Study in the Varieties of
Eighteenth-Century Conservatism, in Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political
Thought and History, chiefly in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 157-92
J. G. A. Pocock, Political Thought in the English-speaking Atlantic, 1760-1790, in J. J. G. A.
Pocock, G. J. Schochet and L. G. Schwoerer (eds), The Varieties of British Political
Thought 1500-1800, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 246-317
M. Philp, Disconcerting Ideas: Explaining Popular Radicalism and Popular Loyalism in the
1790s' in G Burgess and M Festenstein (eds), English Radicalism 1550-1850 (Cambridge,
2007), pp. 157-189
M. Philp, English Republicanism in the 1790s, Journal of Political Philosophy 6 (1998),
235-262
M. Philp, Rational Religion and Political Radicalism, Enlightenment and Dissent, 4 (1985), 3546
J. C. D. Clark, Religion and the Origins of Radicalism in Nineteenth-century Britain, G
Burgess and M Festenstein (eds), English Radicalism 1550-1850 (Cambridge, 2007), pp.
241-284.
39
B21. GERMAN POLITICAL THOUGHT 1780-1810

F. Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man: in a Series of Letters, eds. E. M. Wilkinson
and L. A. Willoughby eds., (Oxford, 1967)
W. von Humboldt, The Limits of State Action, J. W. Burrow ed., (Indianapolis IN, 1993)
J. G. Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation, ed. G. Moore (Cambridge, 2009)
F. C. Beiser ed., The Early Political Writings of the German Romantics, (Cambridge, 1996),
especially 1-7, 59-81, 93-113, 123-41
H. C. Reiss (ed), The Political Thought of the German Romantics, 1793-1815, (Oxford, 1955)
K. Ameriks (ed), The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism, (Cambridge, 2000) F. C.
Beiser, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte, (Cambridge MA,
1987), Chapters 1-5
F. C. Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern German
Political Thought 1790-1800, (Cambridge MA, 1992)
F. C. Beiser, Schiller as Philosopher: A Re-Examination (Oxford, 2005)
F. C. Beiser, The Romantic Imperative: The Concept of Early German Romanticism
(Cambridge, MA, 2003)
G. N. Izenberg, Impossible Individuality: Romanticism, Revolution and the Origins of Modern
Selfhood, 1787-1802, (Princeton NJ, 1992), Parts I-II
G. A. Kelly, Idealism, Politics and History: Sources of Hegelian Thought, (London, 1969)
B. Yack, The Longing for Total Revolution: Philosophic Sources of Social Discontent from
Rousseau to Marx and Nietzche, (Princeton NJ, 1986), Chapters 3 and 4
G. Iggers, The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of Historical
Thought from Herder to the Present, (2nd edn., Middletown CT, 1983)
L. Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom: History of a Political Tradition, (Boston MA,
1957)
J. La Vopa, Fichte, The Self and the Calling of Philosophy, 1762-1799, (Cambridge,
2001)
F. Meinecke, The Age of German Liberation, 1795-1815, R. Paret ed., (Berkeley CA, 1977)
P. J. Kain, Schiller, Hegel and Marx: State, Society and the Aesthetic Model in Ancient Greece,
(Kingston Ont., 1982)
R. D. Miller, Schiller on the Ideal of Freedom: A Study of Schillers Philosophical Works
with Chapters on Kant, (Oxford, 1970)
J. Reed, Schiller, (Oxford, 1991)
J. Schmidt (ed), What is Enlightenment? Eighteenth-Century Answers and Twentieth-Century
Questions, (Berkeley CA, 1966)
I. Berlin, The Counter-Enlightenment, in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of
Ideas, (London, 1981), 1-24
R. E. Norton, The Myth of the Counter-Enlightenment, Journal of the History of Ideas 68
(2007), 635-658.
J. van der Zande, In the Image of Cicero: German Philosophy between Wolff and Kant,
Journal of the History of Ideas 56 (1995), 419-442.
J. La Vopa, The Revelatory Moment: Fichte and the French Revolution, Central European
History 22 (1989): 130-159.
J. Gauthier, Schillers Critique of Kants Moral Psychology, Canadian Journal of
40
Philosophy 27 (1977), 513-44
H. Reiss, The Concept of the Aesthetic State in the Work of Schiller and Novalis
Publications of the English Goethe Society 26 (1956), 26-51
Schmidt, A, The Liberty of the Ancients? Friedrich Schiller and Aesthetic Republicanism,
History of Political Thought, 30 (2009), 286-314
G. A. Craig, Friedrich Schiller and the Problems of Power, in L. Krieger and F. Stern (eds),
The Responsibility of Power, (London, 1968), pp. 125-44
D. Van Engelhardt, Romanticism in Germany, in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds),
Romanticism in National Context, (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 109-33.
U. Vogel, Liberty is Beautiful: von Humboldts Gift to Liberalism, History of Political
Thought, 3 (1982), 77-101.
41
B22. NINETEENTH CENTURY BRITISH SOCIAL CRITICISM

R. Southey, Sir Thomas More: Or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society, 2 vols.,
(London, 1829)
S. Coleridge, On the Constitution of the Church and State, J. Colmer ed., (London, 1976)
S. Coleridge, On Politics and Society, J. Morrow ed., (Basingstoke, 1990)
J. S. Mill, On Coleridge, in F. R. Leavis ed., Mill on Bentham and Coleridge, (London, 1962)
T. Carlyle, Past and Present, A. M. D. Hughes ed., (Oxford, 1918)
T. Carlyle, Latter-Day Pamphlets, M. K. Goldberg and J. P. Speigel eds., (Ottawa, 1983)
M. Arnold, Culture and Anarchy and other Writings, S. Collini ed., (Cambridge, 1993)
S. Collini, Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain 1850- 1930,
(Oxford, 1991)
M. Butler, Romantics, Rebels and Reactionaries: English Literature and its
Background, 1760-1830, (Oxford, 1981)
R. Williams, Culture and Society, 1780-1950, (New York, 1958)
D. Herzog, Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders (Princeton NJ, 1998)
N. Thompson, The Market and Its Critics: Socialist Political Economy in NineteenthCentury Britain (London, 1988)
N. Thompson, The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850
(London, 1998)
P. Connell, Romanticism, Economics and the Question of Culture, (Oxford, 2001)
M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature,
(New York, 1973)
D. Roberts, Paternalism in Early Victorian England (London, 1979) Parts I and III.
N. Leask, The Politics of Imagination in Coleridges Critical Thought, (Basingstoke, 1988)
J. Morrow, Coleridges Political Thought: Property, Morality and the Limits of Traditional
Discourse, (Basingstoke, 1990)
R. Holmes, Coleridge: Early Visions, (London, 1989)
R. Holmes, Coleridge: Darker Reflections, (London, 1998)
P. Edwards, The Statesmans Science: History, Nature and Law in the Political Thought of
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, New York, 2004)
C. Gallagher, The Industrial Reformation of English Fiction: Social Discourse and Narrative
Form 1832-1867, (Chicago, 1985)
W. F. Kennedy, Humanist versus Economist: The Economic Thought of Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, (n.p., 1958)
J. Morrow, Thomas Carlyle, (New Brunswick, NJ, 2006)
J. D. Rosenberg, Carlyle and the Burden of History, (Oxford, 1985)
C. Van den Bossche, Carlyle and the Search for Authority, (Columbus OH, 1991)
R. Holmes, Coleridge: Early Visions, (London, 1989)
R. Holmes, Coleridge: Darker Reflections, (London, 1998)
S. Collini, Arnold (Oxford, 1988)
J. Carroll, The Cultural Theory of Matthew Arnold (Berkeley CA, 1982)
P. Allen, S. T. Coleridges Church and State and the Idea of an Intellectual
Establishment, Journal of the History of Ideas, 46 (1985), 89-106
D. Eastwood, Robert Southey and the Intellectual Origins of Romantic Conservatism,
42
English Historical Review, 104 (1989), 308-31
A. S. Link, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the Economic and Social Crisis of Great Britain,
Journal of the History of Ideas, 9 (148), 323-36
J. Morrow, The National Church in Coleridges Church and State: A Response to Allen,
Journal of the History of Ideas, 47 (1986), 640-52
D. Winch, Mr Gradgrind and Jerusalem, in S. Collini, R. Whatmore and B. Young (eds),
Economy, Polity and Society: British Intellectual History 1750-1950, (Cambridge,
2000), pp. 243-66.
43
B23. CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ITS CRITICS

T. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, G. Gilbert ed., (Oxford, 1999)
J. Mill, Selected Economic Writings, D. Winch ed., (Edinburgh, 1966)
J.-B. Say, An Economist in Troubled Times, R. R. Palmer ed., (Princeton NJ, 1997)
J. B. Say, Selections from A Treatise of Political Economy, in P. Bridel ed., The
Foundations of Price Theory, 6 vols., (London, 2001)
J. C. L. Sismonde de Sismondi, Political Economy and the Philosophy of
Government, (London, 1847)
J. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis, E. B. Schumpeter ed., (London, 1955), Part III.
D. Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain
1750-1834, (Cambridge, 1996)
D. Winch, Wealth and Life: Essays on the Intellectual History of Political Economy in
Britain, 1848-1914 (Cambridge, 2009)
E. Rothschild, Political Economy, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge
History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011)
T. A. Horne, Property Rights and Poverty: Political Argument in Britain 1605-1834 (Chapel Hill
NC, 1990), chapters 4-6.
P. Mandler, Aristocratic Government in the Age of Reform: Whigs and Liberals 1830- 1852,
(Oxford, 1990)
S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow, That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth
Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983), chapter 2
B. Fontana, Rethinking the Politics of Commercial Society: The Edinburgh Review 18021832, (Cambridge, 1985)
D. P. OBrien, The Classical Economists (Oxford, 1975)
D. P. OBrien, The Classical Economists Revisited (Princeton NJ, 2004)
(London, 1998)
D. McNally, Against the Market: Political Economy, Market Socialism and the Marxist
Critique, (London, 1993), chapters 3 and 4
C. Coleman, Myth, History and the Industrial Revolution, (London, 1992)
K. Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time
(Boston MA, 2001)
G. Stedman Jones, An End to Poverty? A Historical Debate (London, 2004)
R. G. Cowherd, Political Economists and the English Poor Laws: A Historical Study of the
Influence of Classical Economics on the Formation of Social Welfare Policy, (Athens OH,
1977)
M. E. Rose, The English Poor Law, 1780-1930, (Newton Abbot, 1971)
G. Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty: England in the Industrial Age, (London, 1984), Chapters 4
and 5
B. Hilton, The Age of Atonement: The Influence of Evangelicalism on Social and Economic
Thought 1795-1865, (Oxford, 1988), especially chapter 2
A. M. C. Waterman, Revolution, Economics and Religion: Christian Political Economy,
44
1798-1833, (Cambridge, 1991)
M. Milgate and S. C. Stimson, Ricardian Politics, (Princeton NJ, 1991)
M. Milgate and S. C. Stimson, After Adam Smith: A Century of Transformation in Politics and
Political Economy (Princeton NJ, 2009), chapters 7-12.
E. Forget, The Social Economics of Jean-Baptiste Say: Market and Virtue, (London, 1999)
I. Hampsher-Monk John Thelwall and the Eighteenth-Century Radical Response to Political
Economy, Historical Journal, 34 (1991), 1-20
N. Churchman, Public Debt Policy and Public Extravagance: The Ricardo-Malthus Debate,
History of Political Economy 31 (1999), 653-673
F. C. Maclachlan, The Ricardo-Malthus Debate on Underconsumption: A Case Study in
Economic Conversation, History of Political Economy 31 (1999), 561-574
T. Peach, The Age of the Universal Consumer: A Reconsideration of Ricardos Politics,
European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 4 (1997), 217-236
P. Groenewegen, Thomas Carlyle, the Dismal Science and the Contemporary Political
Economy of Slavery, History of Economics Review, 34 (2001), 74-94.
45
B24. SOCIALISM BEFORE 1848

H. de Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, G. Ionescu ed., (Oxford, 1976)
H. de. Saint-Simon, Selected Writings on Science, Industry and Social Organisation, K.
Taylor ed., (London, 1975)
C. Fourier, The Utopian Vision of Charles Fourier: Selected Texts on Work, Love and Passionate
Attraction, J. Beecher and R. Bienvenu eds., (Boston MA, 1971)
C. Fourier, The Theory of the Four Movements, G. Stedman Jones and I. Patterson eds.,
(Cambridge, 1996)
P.-J. Proudhon, What is Property?, D. R. Kelley and B. G. Smith eds., (Cambridge, 1994)
P.-J. Proudhon, General Idea of Revolution in the Nineteenth Century, R. Graham ed.,
(London, 1989)
R. Owen, A New View of Society and other Writings, G. Claeys ed., (Harmondsworth, 1991)
F. Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Collected Works,
vol. 24, (London, 1988), pp. 281-325.
L. von Stein, The History of the Social Movement in France 1789-1850, K.
Mengelberg (ed), (Totowa NJ, 1964)
E. Durkheim, Socialism and Saint-Simon, A. W. Gouldner (ed), (London, 1959)
L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978), chapter 10.
F. E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon, (Cambridge, 1956)
F. E. Manuel, The Prophets of Paris, (Cambridge MA, 1962)
D. R. Kelley, Historians and the Law in Postrevolutionary France, (Princeton NJ, 1984)
J. Beecher, Victor Considerant and the Rise and Fall of French Romantic Socialism, (Berkeley
CA, 2001)
J. Beecher, Charles Fourier: The Visionary and his World, (London, 1986)
G. Glaeys, Non-Marxian Socialism 1815-1914, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The
Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July
2011)
G. Claeys, Citizens and Saints: Politics and Anti-Politics in Early British Socialism, (Cambridge,
1989)
J. C. Harrison, Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America: The Quest for the New
Moral World, (London, 1969)
A. Taylor, Visions of Harmony: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Millenarianism (Oxford, 1987)
B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century,
(London, 1983)
(London, 1998)
N. Thompson, The Peoples Science: The Popular Political Economy of Exploitation and
Crisis 1816-34 (Cambridge, 1984)
R. L. Hoffman, Revolutionary Justice: The Social and Political Theory of Pierre-Joseph
Proudhon, (Urbana IL, 1972)
S. Vincent, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Rise of French Republicanism, (Oxford,
1984)
M. Malia, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism 1812-1855, (London, 1961)
W. H. Oliver, Owen in 1817: the Millenialist Moment, in S. Pollard and J. Salt (eds),
Robert Owen: Prophet of the Poor, (London, 1971), pp. 166-88.
G. Stedman Jones, Rethinking Chartism, in Stedman Jones, Languages of Class: Studies in
46
English Working Class History 1832-1982, (Cambridge, 1983), 90-178
J. E. King, Utopian or scientific? A reconsideration of the Ricardian socialists History of
Political Economy 15 (1983), 345-373.
E. Berenson, A New Religion of the Left: Christianity and Social Radicalism in France
1815-1848, in F. Furet and M. Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of
Modern Political Culture, (3 vols.,Oxford, 1989), pp. 543-60.
K. M. Baker, Closing the French Revolution: Saint-Simon and Comte, in F. Furet and M.
Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture Volume
III: The Transformation of Political Culture 1789-1848, pp. 323-39.
R. Wokler, Saint-Simon and the Passage from Political to Social Science, in A. Pagden
(ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge, 1987), 323-38.
L. Dickey, Saint-Simonian Industrialism as the End of History: August Czieskowski on
the Teleology of Universal History, M. Bull (ed), Apocalypse Theory and the Ends of the
World (Oxford, 1995)
G. Stedman Jones, Saint Simon and the Liberal Origins of the Socialist Critique of
Political Economy in La France et lAngleterre au XIXe sicle. changes,
reprsentations, comparaisons, S. Aprile and F. Bensimon (eds), (Grne, 2006), pp. 2147.
L. F. Goldstein, Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The SaintSimonians
and Fourier, Journal of the History of Ideas, 43 (1982), 91-108.
D. Gregory, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Knowledge of French Socialism in 1842-3,
Historical Reflections, 10 (1983), 143-93
D. Leopold, The Structure of Marx and Engels Considered Account of Utopian Socialism,
History of Political Thought, 26 (2005), 443-466.
D. Leopold, Socialism and Utopia, Journal of Political Ideologies, 12 (2007), 219-237.
O. Kurer, J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism, Economic Record 68 (1992), 222-232.
P. Groenewegen, Thomas Carlyle, the Dismal Science and the Contemporary Political
Economy of Slavery, History of Economics Review, 34 (2001), 74-94.
M. Rubel, Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth Century, in M. Rubel and J. Crump
(eds), Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, (Basingstoke,
1987), pp. 10-34.
47
B25. LEFT HEGELIANISM AND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARXIAN THOUGHT
The Young Hegelians: An Anthology, S. Stepelevich ed., (Cambridge, 1982)
D. F. Strauss, The Life of Jesus Critically Examined, P. C. Hodgson ed., (London, 1973)
L. Feuerbach, Provisional Theses for the Reform of Philosophy, in Z. Hanfi ed., The Fiery
Brook: Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, (New York, 1972)
M. Hess, The Philosophy of the Act, in A. Fried and R. Sanders eds., Socialist Thought: A
Documentary History, (Edinburgh, 1964)
M. Stirner, The Ego and its Own, D. Leopold ed., (Cambridge, 1995)
K. Marx, Contribution to the Critique of Hegels Philosophy of Right, K. Marx and F. Engels,
Collected Works, vol. 3, (London, 1975), pp. 175-88
F. Engels, Outline of a Critique of Political Economy in K. Marx and F. Engels, Collected
Works, vol. 3, (London, 1975), pp. 418-44
G. Stedman Jones, The Young Hegelians, Marx and Engels, in G. Stedman Jones & G.
Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge:
forthcoming July 2011)
J. E. Toews, Hegelianism: The Path Toward Dialectical Humanism, 1805-1841,
(Cambridge, 1980)
W. Breckman, Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory,
(Cambridge, 2001)
L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978), chapters 2-5.
B. Yack, The Longing for Total Revolution: Philosophic Sources of Social Discontent from
Rousseau to Marx and Nietzche, (Princeton NJ, 1986), Chapters 5 and 6
D. McLellan, The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx, (London, 1969)
D. Moggach (ed.), The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School,
(Cambridge, 2006)
D. Moggach, The Philosophy and Politics of Bruno Bauer, (Cambridge, 2002)
R. Gascoigne, Religion, Rationality and Community: Sacred and Secular in the Thought of
Hegel and his Critics, (Dordrecht, 1985)
J. R. Gillis, The Prussian Bureaucracy in Crisis, 1840-1860: Origins of an
Administrative Ethos, (Stanford CA, 1981)
K. H. Ilting, Hegels Concept of the State and Marxs Early Critique, in Z. A. Pelczynski
(ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984),
93-114
K. Lwith, From Hegel to Nietzche: The Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Thought, (London,
1965)
J. Habermas, Marxs Metacritique of Hegel through Social Labour, in Habermas,
Knowledge and Human Interests, (London, 1972), 25-42
F. D. Marquardt, Pauperism in Germany during the Vormrz, Central European History,
11 (1969), 77-88
Z. A. Pelczynski, Nation, Civil Society, State: Hegelian Sources of the Marxian NonTheory of Nationality, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegels
Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), 262-78
L. Stepelevich, Max Stirner as a Hegelian, Journal of the History of Ideas, 46 (1985),
597-614.
48
B26. SOCIAL SCIENCE AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

H. Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, G. Ionescu ed., (Oxford, 1976)
A. Comte, The Crisis of Industrial Civilization: The Early Essays of Auguste Comte, R.
Fletcher ed., (London, 1974)
A. Comte, Introduction to Positive Philosophy, F. Ferr ed., (Indianapolis, IN, 1988); also
available in Comtes Early Political Writings, ed. H S Jones, Cambridge University Press.
J. S. Mill, Auguste Comte and Positivism, (Ann Arbor MI, 1968)
E. Durkheim, The Division of Labour in Society, L. A. Coser ed., (New York, 1997)
J. Burrow, The Crisis of Reason: European Thought, 1848-1914, (New Haven CT, 2000)
J. Burrow, Evolution and Society: A Study in Victorian Social Theory, (London, 1966)
S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow (eds), That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth
Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983)
C.B. Welch, Social Science from the Revolution to Positivism, in G. Stedman Jones &
G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought
(Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011)
F.A. Hayek, The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies in the Abuse of Reason, (London,
c.1955), Part I
R. Aron, Main Currents of Sociological Thought, 2 vols., (Harmondsworth, 1968-70)
J. Heilbron, The Rise of Social Theory, (Cambridge, 1995), Parts 2 and 3.
H. S. Hughes, Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought,
1890-1930, (London, 1959)
M. Mandelbaum, History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought,
(Baltimore, 1971)
F.E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon, (Cambridge, 1956)
A. Wernick, Auguste Comte and the Religion of Humanity: the Post-Theistic Programme of
French Social Theory, (Cambridge 2005)
M. Pickering, Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography. Vols. 1-3, (Cambridge, 19932010), especially Volume 2, chapters 6, 7, 9 and 10
E. Caird, The Social Philosophy and Religion of Comte, (Bristol, 1999)
D. G. Charleton, Positivist Thought in France during the Second Empire, 1852-70, (Oxford,
1959)
W.N. Simon, European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century: An Essay in Intellectual History,
(Ithaca NY, 1963)
E. Evans-Pritchard, The Sociology of Comte: An Appreciation, (Manchester, 1970)
L. Goldman, Science, Reform and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Social Science Association
1857-1885, (Cambridge, 2002)
K.M. Baker, Closing the French Revolution: Saint-Simon and Comte, in F. Furet and M.
Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture Volume
III: The Transformation of Political Culture 1789-1848, (Oxford, 1989), 323-39
G. Claeys, The Survival of the Fittest and the Origins of Social Darwinism, Journal of
the History of Ideas, 61 (2000), 223-40
S. Gordon, French Positivism and the Beginnings of Sociology, in Gordon, The History
and Philosophy of Social Science, (London, 1991), 271-304
M. Drolet, Tocquevilles Interest in the Social: or How Statistics Informed his "New Science
49
of Politics", History of European Ideas, 31 (2005), 451-471.
R.Wokler, Ideology and the Origins of Social Science in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The
Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch. 24
R. Wokler, Saint-Simon and the Passage from Political to Social Science, in A. Pagden
(ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge, 1987), 323-38
L.Raeder, John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity (Columbia: University of Missouri
Press, 2002).
R. Scharff, Comte after Positivism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
R. Vernon, Auguste Comte and the Withering-away of the State, Journal of the History of
Ideas, 45, 1984, 54966.
T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian
Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
50
51
B27. INDIVIDUALISM, DEMOCRACY

AND REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
W. Bagehot, Parliamentary Reform and The English Constitution, in The Collected
Works of Walter Bagehot, N. St J.- Stevas ed., (London, 1965-), Vols. 5-6
H. Maine, Popular Government. Four Essays, (London, 1885)
J. S. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government, in Utilitarianism, On Liberty;
Considerations on Representative Government &c., G. Williams ed., (London, 1993)
H. Spencer, Political Writings, ed. J. Offer (Cambridge, 1994); also available in various
editions of Proper Sphere of Government and Man versus the State
J. Fitzjames Stephen, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, in Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
and Three Brief Essays, ed. R. J. White (Chicago, 1991)
H. S. Jones, Victorian Political Thought (Basingstoke, 2000)
J. Burrow, Whigs and Liberals: Continuity and Change in Nineteenth Century English
Political Thought, (Oxford, 1988)
S. Collini, Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain 1850- 1930,
(Oxford, 1991)
M. Bentley, Politics without Democracy, 1815-1914: Perception and Preoccupation in
British Government, (London, 1984)
P. Mandler, ed. Liberty and Authority in Victorian Britain (Oxford, 2006)
F. D. Parsons, Thomas Hare and Political Representation in Victorian Britain (Basinstoke,
2009)
D. Weinstein, Utilitarianism and the New Liberalism, (Cambridge, 2007)
J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill (Cambridge, 1998)
W. Donner and R. Fumerton, Mill (Oxford, 2009), Part 1 Mills Moral and Political
Philosophy
C. Harvie, The Lights of Liberalism: University Liberals and the Challenge of
Democracy 1860-86, (London, 1976)
E. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone
1860-1880, (Cambridge, 1992)
Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty:Persons, Passions, and Judgement in Modern
Political Thought (Princeton, 2010), Chs 4, 5
D. Boucher and A. Vincent, British Idealism and Political Theory,(Edinburgh 2000),
chapters 1-4
A. Vincent and R. Plant, Philosophy, Politics and Citizenship: The Life and Thought of
British Idealists, (Oxford, 1984)
S. M. Den Otter, British Idealism and Social Explanation: A Study in Late Victorian Thought,
(Oxford, 1996)
M. Richter, The Politics of Conscience: T. H. Green and his Age, (London, 1964) M. W.
C. Tyler, Thomas Hill Green and the Philosophical Foundations of Politics, (Mellon 2006)
D. Kelly, Idealism and Revolution: T. H. Greens Four Lectures on the English
Commonwealth, History of Political Thought, 27 (2006), 505-542
W.J. Mander and M. Dimova-Cookson (eds.), T.H. Green: Ethics, Metaphysics and Political
Philosophy, (Oxford 2006)
52
D. Leighton, The Greenian Moment: TH Green, Religion and Political Argument in Victorian
Britain (Exeter, 2004)
M.W. Taylor ed., Herbert Spencer and the Limits of the State: The Late Nineteenth Century
Debate between Individualism and Collectivism, (Bristol, 1996)
M.W. Taylor ed., Herbert Spencer: Contemporary Assessments, (London, 1996)
D.Wiltshire, T.H. Green, Herbert Spencer, and Henry Sidgwick, Modern Intellectual History,
3 (2006), 1-32
M. Francis, Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life (Chesham, 2007)
R. Harrison, Government is Good for You, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, (19992000), 159-73
J.S. McClelland, Liberalism in Maturity and Decline: Spencer, Sumner and Green, in
McClelland, A History of Western Political Thought, (London, 1996), 481-516
D. Wiltshire, The Social and Political Thought of Herbert Spencer, (Oxford, 1978)
G. Jones, Social Darwinism and English Thought: The Interaction between Biological and
Social Theory (Brighton, 1980)
J. Lipkes, Politics, Religion, and Classical Political Economy in Britain: John Stuart Mill and His
Followers (New York: St., Martin's Press, 1999)
B28. BRITISH HISTORIANS ON LIBERTY AND THE STATE

T. B. Macaulay, The History of England: Selections, H. Trevor-Roper ed., (Harmondsworth,
1979)
T. B. Macaulay, Critical and Historical Essays, H. Trevor-Roper ed., (London, 1965)
E.A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest of England, J. Burrow ed., (Chicago,
1974)
W. Stubbs, The Constitutional History of England, J. Cornford ed., (Chicago, 1979)
J. A. Froude, Oceana, or England and Her Colonies, (London, 1886)
J.R. Seeley, The Expansion of England: Two Courses of Lectures (Cambridge, 1983)

Lord Acton, German Schools of History, English Historical Review, 1 (1886), 7-42
Lord Acton, Historical Essays and Studies, (London, 1907)
W. Bagehot, The English Constitution, in The Collected Works of Walter Bagehot. Volume 5,
N. St.J.-Stevas ed., (London, 1974), pp. 161-409
H. Butterfield, The Whig Interpretation of History (Harmondsworth, 1973)
K. C. Sewell, Herbert Butterfield and the Interpretation of History
(Basingstoke, 2005)
C. T. McIntire, Herbert Butterfield: Historian as Dissenter (New Haven CT, 2004)
J. Burrow, A Liberal Descent: Victorian Historians and the English Past, (Cambridge,
1981)
John Burrow, A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from
Herodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century (London, 2007), chapters 22-26.
J. W. Burrow, Whigs and Liberals: Continuity and Change in Nineteenth Century
English Political Thought, (Oxford, 1988)
J.W. Thompson and B. J. Holm, A History of Historical Writing, (2 vols., New York, 1942),
Vol. 2, Books 8-9.
D. R. Kelley, Fortunes of History: Historical Inquiry from Herder to Huizinga (Chicago,
2003), chapters 4 and 9.
M. Mandelbaum, History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought, (Baltimore
MD, 1971)
H. White, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth Century Europe, (Baltimore
MD, 1973), Part II
J.P. Kenyon, The History Men: The Historical Profession in England since the
Renaissance, (London, 1983)
C. Parker, The English Historical Tradition since 1850, (Edinburgh, 1990)
G.P. Gooch, History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century, (2nd edn., London, 1952)
D. Forbes, The Liberal Anglican Idea of History, (Cambridge, 1952)
J.F. Von Arx, Progress and Pessimism: Religion, Politics and History in Late-Nineteenth
Century Britain, (Cambridge MA, 1985)
J. Hamburger, Macaulay and the Whig Tradition, (Chicago IL, 1976)
R. E. Sullivan, Macaulay: The Tragedy of Power (Cambridge, M.A., 2009)
C. Harvie, The Lights of Liberalism: University Liberals and the Challenge of Democracy 186086, (London, 1976)
C. E. McClelland, The German Historians and England: A Study in Nineteenth-Century
Views, (Cambridge, 1971)
A. Pallister, Magna Carta: The Heritage of Liberty, (Oxford, 1971)
A.L. Rowse, Froude the Historian: Victorian Man of Letters, (Gloucester, 1987)
T.W. Thompson, James Anthony Froude on Nation and Empire: A Study in Victorian
Radicalism, (New York, 1987)

J. Markus, J. Anthony Froude: The Last Undiscovered Great Victorian (New York, 2005)
R. Jann, The Art and Science of Victorian History (Ohio, 1985), pp. 10540
P. Mandler, The English National Character: The History of an Idea from Edmund Burke to
Tony Blair (London, 2006), ch. 3
M. Bentley, Modernizing England's Past: English Historiography in the Age of Modernism,
18701970 (Cambridge, 2006)
K. C. Sewell The Herbert Butterfield Problem and its Resolution, Journal of the History of
Ideas, 64 (2003), 599-618.
J. G.A. Pocock, From Cobbetts History of the Reformation to Macaulays History of England,
in Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, chiefly in the
Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 295-310.
M. Francis and J. Morrow, After the Ancient Constitution: Political Theory and English
Constitutional Writings, 1765-1832, History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), 283-302.
A. Kriegel, Liberty and Whiggery in Early 19th century England, Journal of Modern History, 52
(1980), 253-78.
C. Hall, Macaulay's Nation, Victorian Studies, 51 (2009), 505-23.
H. M. Cam, Stubbs Seventy Years After, Cambridge Historical Journal, 9 (1947-8), 129-47.
W. Maitland, William Stubbs, in Maitland, Selected Historical Essays, H. M. Cam ed.,
(Cambridge, 1957)
J. Garnett, Protestant Histories: James Anthony Froude, Partisanship and National Identity, in
P. Ghosh and L. Goldman (eds), Politics and Culture in Victorian Britain, (Oxford, 2006), pp.
17192
I. Hesketh, Diagnosing Froudes Disease: Boundary Work and the Discipline of History in
Late-Victorian Britain, History and Theory 47 (2008), 373395
D. Bell, Republican Imperialism: J. A. Froude and the Virtue of Empire, History of Political
Thought, 30 (2009), 166-91
D. Bell, Unity and Difference: John Robert Seeley and the Political Theology of
International Relations, Review of International Studies, 31 (2005), 559-579
P. Burroughs, John Robert Seeley and British Imperial history, Journal of Imperial and
Commonwealth History, 1 (1973), 191-211
G. P. Gooch, The Cambridge Chair of Modern History, in Gooch, Maria Theresa and
Other Studies, (London, 1951), pp. 297-331
S. R. Kitson Clark, A Hundred Years of Teaching History at Cambridge 1873- 1973,
Historical Journal, 16 (1973), 535-53.
B29. GENDER AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES
M. Astell, Political Writings, ed. P. Springborg (Cambridge, 1996)
O. de Gouges, The Declaration of the Rights of Women, in D. G. Levy, H. B.
Applewhite, M. D. Johnson eds., Women in Revolutionary Paris: Selected Documents,
(Urbana IL, 1979), pp. 87-96.
W. Thompson and A. Wheeler, Appeal of One-Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the
Pretensions of the Other Half, Men &c., M. Foot and M. M. Roberts eds., (Bristol, 1994)
J. S. Mill, The Subjection of Women in Mill, On Liberty and other Writings, ed. S.
Collini (Cambridge, 1989)
A. Pyle ed., The Subjection of Women: Contemporary Responses to John Stuart Mill, (Bristol,
1995)
J. J. Bachofen, Myth, Religion and Mother Right: Selected Writings of J. J. Bachofen, ed. R.
Manheim (Princeton NJ, 1967)
F. Engels, The Origins of Family, Private Property and the State, ed. M. Barrett.,
(Harmondsworth, 1972)

W. Kolbrener and M.Michelson (eds) Mary Astell: Gender, Reason, Faith (Aldershot,
2006), chapters. 1, 3, 5, 13.
H. Guest, Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750-1810, (Chicago IL, 2000)
H. L. Smith ed., Women Writers and the Early Modern British Political Tradition,
(Cambridge, 1998)
J. Rendall, The Origins of Modern Feminism: Women in Britain, France and the United
States, 1780-1860, (London, 1985)
S. R. Letwin, On the History of the Idea of Law, ed. Noel B. Reynolds, (Cambridge, 2005),
ch.13.
S. Stuurman, Francois Poulain de la Barre and the Invention of Modern Equality
(Cambridge, MA, 2004)
K. OBrien, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2009)
B. Applewhite and D. Gay Levy, Women and Politics in the Age of Democratic Revolution,
(Ann Arbor MI, 1990)
R. Keller, Patriotism and the Female Sex: Abigail Adams and the American
Revolution, (Brooklyn NY, 1994)
S. Knott and B. Taylor (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment (Basingstoke,
2005), Part 2, Sections 6, 8, 9 and 10.
N. J. Hirschmann, Gender, Class & Freedom in Modern Political Theory
(Princeton, 2008).
B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century,
(London, 1983)
L. Delap, The Woman Question and the origins of feminism, in G. Stedman Jones & G.
Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge:
forthcoming July 2011)
C. G. Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century, (Albany NY, 1984)
C. G. Moses and L. W. Rabine eds., Feminism, Socialism and French Romanticism,
(Bloomington IN, 1993)

A. P. Robson and J. M. Robson (eds), Sexual Equality: Writings by John Stuart Mill,
Harriet Taylor Mill and Helen Taylor, (Toronto, 1994)
M. Pugh, The March of the Women: A Revisionist Analysis of the Campaign for Womens
Suffrage, 1866-1914, (Oxford, 2000)
P. Davies, Myth, Matriarchy and Modernity: Johann Jakob Bachofen in German Culture,
18601945 (Berlin, 2010)
T. Hunt, The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (London,
2009)
J. Sayers, M. Evans and N. Redclift eds., Engels Revisited: New Feminist Essays, (London, 1987)
S. Tomaselli, The Enlightenment Debate on Women, History Workshop, 20 (1985),
101-24
L. Jordanova, Sex and Gender, in C. Fox, R. Porter and R. Wokler eds., Inventing Human
Science: Eighteenth-Century Domains, (Berkeley CA, 1995), pp. 52-83
E. Chalus, That Epidemical Madness, in H. Barker and E. Chalus eds., Gender in EighteenthCentury England: Roles, Representations, Responsibilities, (Harlow, 1997), pp. 151-78
E. Chalus, My Minerva at My Elbow: The Political Roles of Women in Eighteenth-Century
England, in S. Taylor, R. Connors and C. Jones eds., Hanoverian Britain and Empire:
Essays in Memory of Philip Lawson, (Woodbridge, 1998), pp. 210-28
A. Vickery, Golden Age to Separate Spheres? A Review of the Categories and
Chronology of English Womens History, Historical Journal, 36 (1993), 383-414
M. Trouille, Eighteenth-Century Amazons of the Pen: Stphanie de Genlis and Olympe de
Gouges, in R. Bonnel and C. Rubinger eds., Femmes Savantes et Femmes dEsprit: Women
Intellectuals of the French Eighteenth Century, (New York, 1994), pp. 341-70
O. Hufton, Counter-Revolutionary Women, in P. Jones ed., The French Revolution in
Social and Political Perspective, (London, 1996), pp. 285-307
K. OBrien, The Feminist Critique of Enlightenment, in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C. Knellwolf
and I. McCalman eds., The Enlightenment World, (London, 2004), pp. 621-634
J. Annas, Mill and The Subjection of Women, Philosophy, 52 (1977), 179-94
M.L. Shanley, The Subjection of Women, in J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge
Companion to Mill, (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 396-422
M. L. Shanley, Marital Slavery and Friendship: John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women,
Political Theory, 9 (1981), 229-47
T. Ball, Utilitarianism, Feminism and the Franchise, in Ball, Reappraising Political Theory:
Revisionist Studies in the History of Political Thought, (Oxford, 1995), 178- 211
L. Gossmann, Basle, Bachofen and the Critique of Modernity in the Second Half of the
Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes; 47 (1984), 136185
P. Davies, Myth and Materialism in the Work of Johann Jakob Bachofen, German Studies
Review, 28 (2005), 501-518
A. T. Allen, Feminism, Social Science, and the Meanings of Modernity: the Debate on the
Origin of the Family in Europe and the United States, 1860-1914, American Historical Review
104 (1999), 1085-1113.
B30. PEACE, EMPIRE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF NATIONALITY

H. de Saint-Simon, Letters From an Inhabitant of Geneva to His Contemporaries, in
G. Ionescu, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, (Oxford, 1976)
B. Constant, The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation and their Relation to European
Civilization, in B. Fontana, Constant. Political Writings, (Cambridge, 1988)
G. Mazzini, A Cosmopolitanism of Nations: Giuseppe Mazzini's Writings on Democracy,
Nation Building, and International Relations, S. Recchia & N. Urbinati eds. (Princeton,
2009)
Lord Acton, Nationality, in The History of Freedom and other Essays, J. Figgis and
R. Laurence eds., (London, 1922)
J. C. Bluntschli, Nationality as a Principle of the Formation of States, in Bluntschi, The
Theory of the State, (3rd edn., Oxford, 1901)
E. Renan, What is a Nation?, in S. Woolf ed., Nationalism in Europe: 1815 to the Present: A
Reader, (London, 1996)
I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), 'Introduction', pp. 1-156.
H. Kohn, The Idea of Nationalism, (New York, 1944), Chapters 4-8.
E. Kedourie, Nationalism, (New York, 1960), chapters 5-7
J. Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, (2nd edn., Chicago, 1994), chapters 1-5.
E. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, (2nd edn.,
Cambridge, 1992)
B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of
Nationalism, (2nd edn., London, 1991)
L. Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, (Cambridge MA, 1992)
F. Meinecke, Cosmopolitanism and the National State, R. R. Kimber ed., (Princeton NJ, 1970),
Book I.
J. Hutchinson and A.D. Smith eds, Nationalism (Oxford, 1994)
M. Viroli, For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism, (Oxford, 1995)
C. A. Bayly and E. F. Biagini (eds.), Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of Democratic
Nationalism, 1830-1920 (Oxford, 2008)
H. Kissinger, Diplomacy, (New York, 1994), chapters 3-6.
M. Wright ed., Theory and Practice of the Balance of Power 1486-1914: Selected European
Writings, (London, 1975)
L. Sheehan, The Balance of Power: History and Theory, (London, 1996)
M. Teich and R. Porter eds., The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, (Cambridge,
1993)
R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from
Grotius to Kant, (Oxford, 1999)
A. Pagden, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c.
1500-c.1800, (New Haven CT, 1995)
D. Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cambridge, 2000)
S. Muthu, Enlightenment Against Empire, (Princeton 2003)
J. Pitts, A Turn to Empire: the Rise of Liberal Imperialism in Britain and France, (Princeton,
2005)
K. Mantena, Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (Princeton,
2010)
U. S. Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought
(Chicago, 1999)
D. Kelly (ed), Lineages of Empire: The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought (Oxford,
2009)
D. Bell, Empire and Imperialism, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge
History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011)
D. Bell, The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 1860-1900
(Princeton, 2007)
D. Bell (ed.), Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in
Nineteenth Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2007)
G. Claeys, Imperial Agnostics: British Critics of Empire, 18501920 (Cambridge, 2010)
J. H. Elliott, A Europe of Composite Monarchies, Past and Present, 137 (1992), 48-71;
now in his Spain, Europe and the Wider World 1500-1800 (New Haven & London,
2009).
D. Armitage, Empire and Liberty: A Republican Dilemma in M. van Gelderen and Q.
Skinner (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage (2 vols., Cambridge, 2002), Vol.
1, pp. 29-46.
I. Hont, The Permanent Crisis of a Divide Mankind: Nation-State and Nationalism in
Historical Perspective, in Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), pp. 447-528.
S. Recchia & N. Urbinati, Giuseppe Mazzini's International Political Thought in Recchia and
Urbinati (eds), A Cosmopolitanism of Nations, pp. 1-30
D. Bell, John Stuart Mill on Colonies, Political Theory, 38 (2010), 1-31
J. Pitts, Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism, Annual Review of Political Science, 13
(2010), 211-235
J. Pitts, Liberalism and Empire in a Nineteenth-Century Algerian Mirror, Modern Intellectual
History 6 (2009), 287-313.
Partially revised in April 2011

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Historical Tripos - Part I: Paper 20 and Part II: Paper 4

THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

Human Nature and History in the Enlightenment

Note: Forthcoming publication

Suggested secondary reading:

B15. HUMAN NATURE AND HISTORY

B16. COMMERCIAL SOCIETY

B17. ENLIGHTENED REFORM AND POLITICS IN EUROPE

B18. POLITICAL THOUGHT

B19. POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

B20. DISSENT AND THE POLITICS

Suggested secondary reading:

B21. GERMAN POLITICAL THOUGHT 1780-1810

B22. NINETEENTH CENTURY BRITISH SOCIAL CRITICISM

B23. CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ITS CRITICS

B24. SOCIALISM BEFORE 1848

B25. LEFT HEGELIANISM AND

B26. SOCIAL SCIENCE AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

B27. INDIVIDUALISM, DEMOCRACY

B28. BRITISH HISTORIANS ON LIBERTY AND THE STATE

Suggested secondary reading:

Radicalism, (New York, 1987)

B29. GENDER AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

Suggested secondary reading:

(Bloomington IN, 1993)

B30. PEACE, EMPIRE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF NATIONALITY

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