You are on page 1of 3

1

Name: ..

Class: 4 Einstein / 2013

Date: .

Chapter 2 The Structure of The Atom


(Laboratory Activity)
Title:

The melting and freezing points of naphthalene, C10H8

Aim:

To determine the melting and freezing points of naphthalene.

Apparatus:
.
.
Materials:
.
.
Procedure:
A. Heating of naphthalene

Naphthalene is highly flammable. Therefore, this substance cannot be heated directly with a Bunsen burner.

Figure 1

Figure 2

1.

Fill a boiling tube with naphthalene to a depth of 3 cm and put a thermometer into it.

2.

Suspend the boiling tube in a beaker half-filled with water using a retort stand and a clamp. Ensure that the
lever of naphthalene in the boiling tube is below the level of water in the beaker, as shown in figure 1.

3.

Heat the water and stir the naphthalene slowly with the thermometer. When the temperature of the
naphthalene reaches 60C, start the stopwatch.

4.

Record the temperature and state(s) of the naphthalene at half-minute intervals until the temperature of the
naphthalene reaches 90C.

2
B. Cooling of naphthalene
1.

Remove the boiling tube in activity A from the water bath. Dry the outer surface of the boiling tube and
immediately put it into a conical flask, as shown in the figure 2 above. Stir the naphthalene continuously.

2.

Record the temperature and state(s) of the naphthalene at half-minute intervals until the temperature drops
to about 60C.

Results:
A. Heating of naphthalene
Time / minute
Temperature

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.5

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.5

/ C
State
S=solid /L=liquid

B. Cooling of naphthalene
Time / minute
Temperature

0.0

0.5

1.0

/ C
State
S=solid /L=liquid

Graphs:
Use your own graph papers to plot graph temperature against time for
A.

Heating of naphthalene

B.

Cooling of naphthalene

Discussions:
1.

A water bath is used to heat the naphthalene. This is to ensure that the naphthalene is heated ..
Besides, naphthalene is ....

2.

During the cooling of naphthalene. The boiling tube must be placed in a conical flask. This is because the
. trapped in the conical flask is a poor . Of heat. It helps to the heat
loss to the .. which may affect the accuracy of the . point obtained.

3.

During the cooling of naphthalene, it must be stirred continuously. This is to ensure an even temperature
during the cooling of naphthalene in order to avoid ..

4.

From your graphs, the melting point of naphthalene is . and the freezing point of naphthalene is

5.

The temperature remains constant for some times in both heating and cooling curves. In the heating curve
of naphthalene, the heat is (or is taken in) by the particles of naphthalene to ..
the . of .. between them instead of being used to raise the temperature. In the
cooling curve of naphthalene, the heat lose to the is exactly by the heat
.. to form . between the particles of naphthalene.

Conclusion:

You might also like