V Tin Trnh Trng PTNK

BI TP S HC (Bi s 1)
PHP CHIA HT.

1.nh l. Cho a , b l cc s nguyn ty v b 0 , khi c hai s nguyn q, r

duy nht sao cho : a bq r vi 0 r b .
Ta ni a l s b chia, b l s chia, q l thng v r l s d, s d r c th nhn

b gi tr l 0,1,..., b 1 .
Khi r 0 th a bq , khi ta ni a chia ht cho b hay b l c ca a , k hiu

ab hay b | a .
2.Tnh cht.
a) Nu a b v bc th a c .
b) Nu a b v b a th a b hoc a b
c)Nu a c v bc th a bc
3.Cc v d.
a)V d 1. Chng minh rng trong n n 1 s nguyn lin tip ch c mt
v ch mt s chia ht cho n .
Gii.
Gi s n s nguyn lin tip l m 1, m 2,..., m n
Ly m chia cho n ta c m nq r vi 0 r n 1
Khi ta c : m r nq m n r nq n n vi 1 n r n .
Do c s trong n s nguyn lin tip chia ht cho n, ta cn chng minh s l
duy nht.
Tht vy gi s c hai s m i v m j cng chia ht cho n , vi 1 i, j n
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Khi : m i m j i j n i j 0 i j (v i j n )
Vy trong n s nguyn lin tip c duy nht mt s chia ht cho n.
b) V d 2. Chng minh rng trong hai s chn lin tip c mt v ch mt
s chia ht cho 4.
Gii.
Gi hai s chn lin tip l a, a 2 .
+Nu a 4 a 4k , khi a 2 4k 2 2 2k 1 4
+Nu a 4 m do a chn nn a 4k 2 a 2 4 k 1 4
c)V d 3. Cho a l mt s nguyn. Chng minh
a) a 3 11a 6

b) a a 1 2a 1 6

c) a5 a 30

d) 2a 16 a 4 30

Gii.
a) a3 11a a 2 a 12a a 1 a a 1 12a 6
v a 1, a, a 1 l 3 s nguyn lin tip nn tch a 1 a a 16
nn a 3 11a 6
b) a a 1 2a 1 a a 1 a 2 a 1 a 1 a a 1 a a 1 a 2
c) a5 a a a 4 1 a 1 a a 1 a 2 1
Ta cn chng minh a 1 a a 1 a 2 15
Xt a 5k ,5k 1,5k 2,5k 3, 5k 4 ta c iu phi chng minh.
d) 2a 16 a 4 30a 2 a a5

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4. Bi tp.
Bi 1. Chng minh rng trong hai s chn lin tip c mt v ch mt s chia ht
cho 4.
Bi 2. Cho a l mt s nguyn. Chng minh
a) a 3 11a 6

b) a a 1 2a 1 6

d) 2a 16 a 4 30

c) a5 a 30

Bi 3. Cho m l mt s nguyn ty . Chng minh

a) 3m 4 14m3 21m 2 10m 24

b) m5 5m 4 5m3 5m 2 6m120

Bi 4. Cho m l mt s nguyn l. Chng minh

a) m3 3m 2 m 3 48

b) m12 m8 m 4 1 512

Bi 5. Chng minh rng tng lp phng ca 3 s nguyn lin tip chia ht cho 9.
Bi 6. Cho m, n l hai s chnh phng l lin tip. Chng minh mn m n 1192
Bi 7. Cho a, b, n l cc s nguyn, n 0, a b . Chng minh
a) a n b n a b

b) a n b n a b vi n l

c) a n b n a b vi n chn.

(gi : dng phng php chng minh qui np)

Bi 8. Chng minh
a)1110 110

b) 22225555 55552222 7

Bi 9. a)Vi n l s t nhin chn, chng minh 20n 16n 3n 1133

b)Vi n 1 l s t nhin l, chng minh 46n 296.13n 1947
Bi 10. Chng minh 2903n 803n 464n 261n 1897 n
Bi 11. Chng minh rng vi n l s t nhin
a)11n 2 122 n1 133

b) 5n 2 26.5n 82 n 1 59

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c) 7.52n 12.6n 19

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Bi 12. Cho a l s nguyn khng chia ht cho 5 v khng chia ht cho 7. Chng
minh a4 1 a 4 15a 2 1 35
Bi 13. Chng minh rng ch s tn cng ca cc s t nhin n v n 5 l nh nhau.
Bi 14. a) Cho n 2 v n nguyn t cng nhau vi 6. Chng minh n2 1 24
b)Cho n l v nguyn t cng nhau vi 3. Chng minh n4 1 48
c)Cho n l v nguyn t cng nhau vi 5. Chng minh n4 180
Bi 15. a)Chng t rng s A 0,3 19831983 19171917 l mt s nguyn.
b) B 0.8 19941994 19921992 c l mt s nguyn hay khng ?
Bi 16. Chng minh rng vi s t nhin n 1 v k l mt s t nhin l ta c
1k 2k 3k ... n k 1 2 3 ... n

Bi 17. Cho an 22 n 1 2n 1 1; bn 22 n 1 2n 1 1
Chng minh rng vi mi s t nhin n c mt v ch mt s trong hai s an , bn
chia ht cho 5.
Bi 18. Chng minh rng vi n 1 , ta c
b) 2

n 2n 1

a) n 1 1 n 2

1 2n 1

Bi 19. Chng minh rng vi n 1 v k l mt s t nhin l, ta c

n

k 2 1 2n 2

Bi 20. a)Tm tt c s t nhin n sao cho 2n 1 chia ht cho 7.

b)Chng minh rng vi mi s t nhin n, 2n 1 khng chia ht cho 7.

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