Answers to Odd-Numbered

Exercises

Chapter 1

Appendix

1.4-5 Yes; 0.9 = 0.8 + 0.5 (0.8)(0.5).

1.4-7 (a) 0.29; (b) 0.44.
1.4-9 (a) 0.36; (b) 0.49; (c) 0.01.
1.4-11 (a) No, unless P(A) = 0 or P(B) = 0;
(b) Only if P(A) = 0 or P(B) = 1.
1.4-13 (2/3)3 (1/3)2 ; (2/3)3 (1/3)2 .
1.4-15 (a) 1/16, 1/8, 5/32, 5/32;
(b) 14/323, 35/323, 105/646, 60/323;
(c) Neither model is very good.
1.4-17 (a) 1 (11/12)12 ; (b) 1 (11/12)11 .
1.4-19 (b) 1 1/e.
1.5-1 (a) 21/32; (b) 16/21.
1.5-3 15.1%.
1.5-5 60/95 = 0.632.
1.5-7 0.8182.
1.5-9 (a) 495/30,480 = 0.016; (b) 29,985/30,480 = 0.984.
1.5-11 1/4.
1.5-13 0.54229.

1.1-1
1.1-3
1.1-5
1.1-7
1.1-9

0.68.
(a) 12/52; (b) 2/52; (c) 16/52; (d) 1; (e) 0.
(a) 1/6; (b) 5/6; (c) 1.
0.63.
(a) 3(1/3) 3(1/3)2 + (1/3)3 ;
(b) P(A1 A2 A3 ) = 1 [1 3(1/3) + 3(1/3)2
(1/3)3 ] = 1 (1 1/3)3 .
1.1-11 (a) S = {00, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , 36};
(b) P(A) = 2/38;
(c) P(B) = 4/38;
(d) P(D) = 18/38.
1.1-13 2/3.
1.2-1 4096.
1.2-3 (a) 6,760,000; (b) 17,576,000.
1.2-5 (a) 24; (b) 256.
1.2-7 (a) 0.0024; (b) 0.0012; (c) 0.0006; (d) 0.0004.
1.2-9 (a) 2; (b) 8; (c) 20; (d) 40.
1.2-11 (a) 362,880; (b) 84; (c) 512.
1.2-13 (a) 0.00539; (b) 0.00882; (c) 0.00539; (d) Yes.
1.2-17 (a) 0.00024; (b) 0.00144; (c) 0.02113; (d) 0.04754;
(e) 0.42257.
1.3-1 (a) 5000/1,000,000; (b) 78,515/1,000,000;
(c) 73,630/995,000; (d) 4,885/78,515.
1.3-3 (a) 5/35; (b) 26/35; (c) 5/19; (d) 9/23; (e) Left.
1.3-5 (a) S = {(R, R), (R, W), (W, R), (W, W)}; (b) 1/3.
1.3-7 1/5.
1.3-9 (f) 1 1/e.
1.3-11 (a) 365r ; (b) 365 Pr ; (c) 1 365 Pr /365r ; (d) 23.
1.3-13 (b) 8/36; (c) 5/11; (e) 8/36 + 2[(5/36)(5/11) +
(4/36)(4/10) + (3/36)(3/9)] = 0.49293.
1.3-15 11.
1.4-1 (a) 0.14; (b) 0.76; (c) 0.86.
1.4-3 (a) 1/6; (b) 1/12; (c) 1/4; (d) 1/4; (e) 1/2.

Chapter 2
2.1-3 (a) 10; (b) 1/55; (c) 3; (d) 1/30; (e) n(n + 1)/2; (f) 1.
2.1-5 (b)
Relative
x
Frequency
Frequency
f (x)
1
2
3
4

38
27
21
14

0.38
0.27
0.21
0.14

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10

13 2x
, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
36
6
12 2y
(b) g(0) =
, g(y) =
, y = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
36
36
2.1-11 0.416.
2.1-13 (a) 19/20; (b) 1/20; (c) 9/20.
2.1-7 (a) f (x) =

509

510 Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

2.1-15 (c)
x

Frequency

Relative
Frequency

0
1
2
3
4
5

13
16
9
2
0
0

0.325
0.400
0.225
0.050
0.000
0.000

f (x)
0.2532
0.4220
0.2509
0.0660
0.0076
0.0003

2.1-17 78.
2.2-1 (a) 3; (b) 7; (c) 4/3; (d) 7/3; (e) (2n + 1)/3; (f) E(X) =
+, so does not exist.
2.2-3 $360.
2.2-5 (a) h(z) = (4 z1/3 )/6, z = 1, 8, 27; (b) 23/3 of a
dollar; (c) 7/3 of a dollar.
2.2-7 E(X) = 17/216 = $0.0787.
2.2-9 (a) $1/19; (b) $1/37.
2.2-11 $0.01414.
2.3-1 (a) 15; 50; (b) 5; 0; (c) 5/3; 5/9.
2.3-3 (a) 16; (b) 6; (c) 16.
2.3-5 = 7.
2.3-7 m = 7.
2.3-9 $1809.80.
2.3-11 = 2, 2 = 4/5,

2/5,
f (x) = 1/5,

2/5,

x = 1,
x = 2,
x = 3.

2.3-13 (4/5)3 (1/5).

2.3-15 (a) 0.4604; (b) 0.5580; (c) 0.0184.
2.3-17 (a) f (x) = (x 1)/2x , x = 2, 3, . . .;
(c) = 4, 2 = 4;
(d) (i) 1/2, (ii) 5/16, (iii) 1/4.
2.3-19 (a) = 1, 2 = 1; (b) 19/30.
2.4-1 f (x) = (7/18)x (11/18)1x , x = 0, 1; = 7/18; 2 =
77/324.
2.4-3 (a) (1/5)2 (4/5)4 = 0.0164;
6!
(1/5)2 (4/5)4 = 0.2458.
(b)
2!4!
2.4-5 (a) 0.4207; (b) 0.5793; (c) 0.1633; (d) = 5, 2 = 4,
= 2.
2.4-7 (a) b(2000, /4); (b) 1570.796, 337.096, 18.360; (c) ;
(f) Vn = n/2 / (n/2 + 1) is the volume of a ball of
radius 1 in n-space.
2.4-9 (a) b(20, 0.80); (b) = 16, 2 = 3.2, = 1.789;
(c) (i) 0.1746, (ii) 0.6296, (iii) 0.3704.
2.4-11 0.1268.

2.4-13 (a) 0.6513; (b) 0.7941.

2.4-15 0.178.
2.4-17 (a) 0.0778; (b) 0.3456; (c) 0.9898.
2.4-19 (a) b(1, 2/3); (b) b(12, 0.75).
2.5-1 (a) 0.912 = 0.2824; (b) 0.0236.
2.5-3 (a) = 10/0.60, 2 = 4/0.36, = 2/0.60;
(b) 0.1240.
2.5-7 M(t) = e5t , < t < , f (5) = 1.
2.5-9 25/3.
2.6-1 (a) 0.693; (b) 0.762; (c) 0.433.
2.6-3 0.540.
2.6-5 0.558.
2.6-7 0.947.
2.6-9 (a) 2.681; (b) n = 6.
2.6-11 (a) 0.564 using binomial, 0.560 using Poisson approximation.
(b) $598.56 using binomial, $613.90 using Poisson
approximation.
2.6-13 21/16.

Chapter 3
3.1-3 (a) f (x) = 1/10, 0 < x < 10; (b) 0.2; (c) 0.6;
(d) = 5; (e) 2 = 25/3.
3.1-5 (a) G(w) = (w a)/(b a), a w b;
(b) U(a, b).
3.1-7 (a) (i) 3; (ii) F(x) = x4 , 0 x 1; (iv) = 4/5, 2 =
2/75;
(b) (i) 3/16; (ii) F(x) = (1/8)x3/2 , 0 x 4; (iv) =
12/5, 2 = 192/175;
(c) (i) 1/4; (ii) F(x) = x1/4 , 0 x 1; (iv) =
1/5, 2 = 16/225.
3.1-9 (b)

x < 0,
0,
F(x) = x(2 x),
0 x < 1,

1,
1 x.
(c) (i) 3/4, (ii) 1/2, (iii) 0, (iv) 1/16.
3.1-11 (a) d = 2; (b) E(Y) = 2; (c) E(Y 2 ) = +.
e2x
ex
ex
ex
3.1-13 f (x) =
=
=
=
x
2
x
2
2x
x
(1 + e )
(1 + e ) e
(e + 1)2
f (x).
3.1-15 (a) 1/e; (b) 1/e19/8 .
3.1-17 $740.74.
3.1-19 (a) = $28,571.43, = $15,971.91; (b) 0.6554.
k
k

3.1-21 (a)
i=1 ci fi (x) dx =
i=1 ci fi (x) dx =
k
i=1 ci = 1;


(b) = ki=1 ci i , 2 = ki=1 ci (i2 + 2i ) 2 .

Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 511

3.2-1 (a) f (x) = (1/3)ex/3 , 0 < x < ; = 3; 2 = 9;
(b) f (x) = 3e3x , 0 < x < ; = 1/3; 2 = 1/9.
3.2-3 P(X > x + y | X > x) =

P(X > x + y) e(x+y)/

=
=
P(X > x)
ex/

P(X > y).

3.2-5 (a) F(x) = 1 e(x)/ , x < ;
(b) + ; 2 .
1
x19 ex/7 , 0 x < ; = 140;
3.2-9 f (x) =
(20)720
2 = 980.
3.2-11 (a) 0.025; (b) 0.05; (c) 0.94; (d) 8.672; (e) 30.19.
3.2-13 (a) 0.80; (b) a = 11.69, b = 38.08; (c) = 23,
2 = 46; (d) 35.17, 13.09.

3.2-15 (a) r 2; (b) x = r 2 2r 4 , r 4.

3.2-17 0.9444.
3.2-19 1.96, or 1,960 units per day, yields an expected profit
of $3,304.96.
3.2-21 e1/2 .
3.2-23 M = 83.38.
3.3-1 (a) 0.2784; (b) 0.7209; (c) 0.9616; (d) 0.0019;
(e) 0.9500; (f) 0.6826; (g) 0.9544; (h) 0.9974.
3.3-3 (a) 1.96; (b) 1.96; (c) 1.645; (d) 1.645.
3.3-5 (a) 0.3849; (b) 0.5403; (c) 0.0603; (d) 0.0013;
(e) 0.6826; (f) 0.9544; (g) 0.9974; (h) 0.9869.
3.3-7 (a) 0.6326; (b) 50.
3.3-9 (a) Gamma ( = 1/2, = 8); (b) Gamma ( = 1/2,
= 2 2 ).
3.3-11 (a) 0.0401; (b) 0.8159.
3.3-13 0.1437.
3.3-15 (a) = 0.043; (b) = 12.116.
3.3-17 The three respective distributions are exponential
with = 4, 2 (4), and N(4, 1). Each has a mean of
4, so the slopes of the mgfs equal 4 at t = 0.
2
3.4-1 e(5/10) = e1/4 = 0.7788.
3.4-3 Weibull with parameters and /31/ .
3.4-5 (a) 0.5; (b) 0; (c) 0.25; (d) 0.75; (e) 0.625; (f) 0.75.
3.4-7 (b) = 31/24, 2 = 167/567; (c) 15/64; 1/4; 0; 11/16.
3.4-9 (a)

0,
x < 0,

0 x < 1,
x/2,

1/2,
1 x < 2,
F(x) =

4/6,
2 x < 4,

5/6,
4 x < 6,

1,
6 x.
(b) $2.25.

3.4-11 3 + 5 e3/5 = 5.744.

3.4-13 = $226.21, = $1,486.92.
3.4-15 = $345.54, = $780.97.
c
3.4-17 g(y) =
for e0.12 < y < e0.24 ; c = 26.54414.
3y4/3
3.4-19 0.4219.
3.4-21 (a) e(125/216) ; (b) 120 (4/3) = 107.1575.

Chapter 4
4.1-1 (a) 1/33; (b) 1/24; (c) 1/18; (d) 6.
4.1-3 (a) fX (x) = (2x + 5)/16, x = 1, 2;
(b) fY (y) = (2y + 3)/32, y = 1, 2, 3, 4;
(c) 3/32; (d) 9/32; (e) 3/16; (f) 1/4; (g) Dependent;
(h) X = 25/16; Y = 45/16; X2 = 63/256; Y2 =
295/256.
4.1-5 (b) f (x, y) = 1/16, x = 1, 2, 3, 4; y = x + 1, x + 2,
x + 3, x + 4;
(c) fX (x) = 1/4, x = 1, 2, 3, 4;
(d) fY (y) = (4 |y 5|)/16, y = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;
(e) Dependent because the space is not rectangular.
4.1-7 (b) b(6, 1/2), b(6, 1/2).
4.1-9 (a) f (x, y) =

4.2-1

4.2-3

4.2-5
4.2-7
4.2-9

 x  y  15xy
3
1
6
15!
,
x! y! (15 x y)! 10
10
10

0 x + y 15;
(b) No, because the space is not rectangular;
(c) 0.0735;
(d) X is b(15, 0.6);
(e) 0.9095.
X = 25/16; Y = 45/16; X2 = 63/256; Y2 =
295/256;

Cov(X, Y) = 5/256; = 2,065/1,239 = 0.0367.

(a) X = 5/2; Y = 5; X2 = 5/4; Y2 = 5/2;

Cov(X, Y) = 5/4; = 2/2;

(b) y = x + 5/2.
a = Y X b, b = Cov(X, Y)/X2 .
(a) No; (b) Cov(X, Y) = 0, = 0.
(a) c = 1/154;
(c) fX (0) = 6/77, fX (1) = 21/77, fX (2) = 30/77,
fX (3) = 20/77;
fY (0) = 30/77, fY (1) = 32/77, fY (2) = 15/77;
(d) No;
(e) X = 141/77, X2 = 4836/5929;
(f) Y = 62/77, Y2 = 3240/5929;
(g) Cov(X, Y) = 1422/5929;

(h) = 79 12090/24180;
(i) y = 215/806 + (237/806)x.

512 Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

4.3-1 (d) 9/14, 7/18, 5/9; (e) 20/7, 55/49.
50!
(0.02)x (0.90)y (0.08)50xy ,
x! y! (50 x y)!
0 x + y 50;

4.3-3 (a) f (x, y) =

(b) Y is b(50, 0.90);

(c) b(47, 0.90/0.98);
(d) 2115/49; (e) = 3/7.
4.3-5 (a) E(Y | x) = 2(2/3) (2/3)x, x = 1, 2; (b) Yes.
4.3-7 E(Y | x) = x + 5/2, x = 1, 2, 3, 4; yes.
4.3-9 (a) fX (x) = 1/8, x = 0, 1, . . . , 7;
(b) h(y | x) = 1/3, y = x, x + 1, x + 2, for x =
0, 1, . . . , 7;
(c) E(Y | x) = x + 1, x = 0, 1, . . . , 7;
(d) Y2 = 2/3;
(e)

y = 0, 9,
1/24,
fY (y) = 2/24,
y = 1, 8,

3/24,
y = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
4.3-11 fX (x) = 1/5 and h(y | x) = 1/[5(x + 1)], for x =
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and y = 0 . . . x; P(X + Y > 4) = 13/50.
4.4-1 (a) fX (x) = x/2, 0 x 2; fY (y) = 3y2 /8,
0 y 2;
(b) Yes, because fX (x)fY (y) = f (x, y);
(c) X = 4/3; Y = 3/2; X2 = 2/9; Y2 = 3/20;
(d) 3/5.
4.4-3 fX (x) = 2e2x , 0 < x < ; fY (y) = 2ey (1 ey ),
0 < y < ; no.
4.4-5 (a) c = 24; (b) c = 30/17; (c) c = 2/(e 2);
(d) c = 1/2.
4.4-7 (b) 1/3.
4.4-9 11/30.
4.4-11 (a) c = 8; (b) 29/93.
4.4-13 (a) fX (x) = 4x(1 x2 ), 0 x 1; fY (y) = 4y3 , 0
y 1;
(b) X = 8/15; Y = 4/5; X2 = 11/225; Y2 = 2/75;

Cov(X, Y) = 4/225; = 2 66/33;

(c) y = 20/33 + (4/11)x.
4.4-15 E(Y | x) = x and E(X) = 0.700; thus, $700.
4.4-17 (b) fX (x) = 1/10, 0 x 10;
(c) h(y | x) = 1/4, 10 x y 14 x for 0 x 10;
(d) E(Y | x) = 12 x.
4.4-19 (a) f (x, y) = 1/(2x2 ), 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < x2 ;

(b) fY (y) = (2 y )/(4 y ), 0 < y < 4;

(c) E(X | y) = [2 y ln(2/ y )]/[2 y ];

(d) E(Y | x) = x2 /2.
4.5-1 (a) 0.6006; (b) 0.7888; (c) 0.8185; (d) 0.9371.

4.5-3 (a) 0.5746; (b) 0.7357.

4.5-5 (a) N(86.4, 40.96); (b) 0.4192.
4.5-7 (a) 0.8248;
(b) E(Y | x) = 457.1735 0.2655x;
(c) Var(Y | x) = 645.9375;
(d) 0.8079.
4.5-9 a(x) = x 11, b(x) = x + 5.
4.5-11 (a) 0.2857; (b) Y |x = 0.2x + 4.7;
(c) Y2|x = 8.0784; (d) 0.4230.
4.5-13 (a) 0.3721; (b) 0.1084.

Chapter 5
g(y) = 2y, 0 < y < 1.
2
g(y) = (1/8)y5 ey /2 , 0 < y < .
Exponential distribution with mean 2.
(a) F(x) = (ln x ln c 0.03)/0.04 and f (x) =
1/(0.04x), ce0.03 x ce0.07 , where c = 50,000;
(b) The interest for each of n equal parts is R/n. The
amount at the end of the year is 50,000(1+R/n)n ;
the limit as n is 50,000 eR .
5.1-9 (a) G(y) = P(Y y) = P(X ln y) = 1 ey ,
0 < y < ;
(b) G(y) = 1 exp[e(ln y1 )/2 ], 0 < y < ;
g(y) = exp[e(ln y1 )/2 ][e(ln y1 )/2 ][1/2 y],
0 < y < ;
(c) A Weibull distribution with G(y) = 1

e(y/) , 0 < y < ;

g(y) = (y1 / )e(y/) , 0 < y < , where is

the shape parameter and is the scale parameter;
(d) exp(e2 ) = 0.873.
1 arctan 1
= 0.25;
5.1-11 (a)
2

1 arctan 5
(b)
= 0.0628;
2

1 arctan 10
(c)
= 0.0317.
2

5.1-13 (b) (i) exp( + 2 /2), (ii) exp(2 + 2 2 ),

(iii) exp(2 + 2 2 ) exp(2 + 2 ).
1
5.1-15 (a) g(y) = 
exp(y/2),
0 < y < ;
2 y
3
y,
0 < y < 1.
(b) g(y) =
2
y
/2
5.2-1 g(y1 , y2 ) = (1/4)e 2 , 0 < y1 < y2 < ;
5.1-1
5.1-3
5.1-5
5.1-7

g1 (y1 ) = (1/2)ey1 /2 , 0 < y1 < ;

g2 (y2 ) = (y2 /4)ey2 /2 , 0 < y2 < ; no.

Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 513

5.2-3 =
2 =

r2
, r > 2;
r2 2 2
2r22 (r1 + r2 2)
r1 (r2 2)2 (r2 4)

, r2 > 4.

5.2-5 (a) 14.80; (b) 1/7.01 = 0.1427; (c) 0.95.

5.2-9 840.
5.2-11 (a) 0.1792; (b) 0.1792.
5.2-13 (a)
 y1  y2
G(y1 , y2 ) =
2(1/10002 ) exp[(u + v)/1000] dv du
0

= 2 exp[(y1 + y2 )/1000] exp[y1 /500]

2 exp[y2 /1000] + 1, 0 < y1 < y2 < ;
(b) 2e6/5 e12/5 0.5117.
5.3-1 (a) 0.0182; (b) 0.0337.
5.3-3 (a) 36/125; (b) 2/7.
5.3-5

1/36,
y = 2,

4/36,
y = 3,

g(y) = 10/36,
y = 4,

12/36,
y
= 5,

9/36,
y = 6;
= 14/3, 2 = 10/9.
5.3-7 2/5.
5.3-9 (a) 729/4096; (b) = 3/2; 2 = 3/40.
5.3-11 (a) 0.0035; (b) 8; (c) Y = 6, Y2 = 4.
5.3-13 1 e3/100 0.03.
5.3-15 0.0384.
5.3-17 $21,816.
5.3-19 5.
5.3-21 (c) Using Maple, we obtain = 13,315,424/3,011,805 =
4.4211.
(d) E(Y) = 5.377 with 16 coins, E(Y) = 6.355 with
32 coins.
5.4-1 (a)

1/64,
y = 3, 12,

3/64,
y = 4, 11,

g(y) =
6/64,
y = 5, 10,

10/64,
y
= 6, 9,

12/64,
y = 7, 8.
5.4-3 (a) M(t) = e7(e 1) ; (b) Poisson, = 7; (c) 0.800.
5.4-5 0.925.
5.4-7 (a) M(t) = 1/(1 5t)21 , t < 1/5;
(b) gamma distribution, = 21, = 5.
t

5.4-11 (a) g(w) = 1/12, w = 0, 1, 2, . . . , 11; (b) h(w) = 1/36,

w = 0, 1, 2, . . . , 35.
5.4-13 (a)

1/36,
w1 = 0,

w1 = 1,
4/36,
h1 (w1 ) = 10/36,
w1 = 2,

12/36,
w1 = 3,

9/36,
w1 = 4;
(b) h2 (w) = h1 (w);
(c)

1/1296,

8/1296,

36/1296,

104/1296,

h(w) = 214/1296,

312/1296,

324/1296,

216/1296,

81/1296,

w=0
w = 1,
w = 2,
w = 3,
w = 4,
w = 5,
w = 6,
w = 7,
w = 8;

(d) With denominators equal to 68 = 1,679,616, the

respective numerators of 0, 1, . . . , 16 are 1, 16,
136, 784, 3,388, 11,536, 31,864, 72,592, 137,638,
217,776, 286,776, 311,472, 274,428, 190,512,
99,144, 34,992, 6,561;
(e) They are becoming more symmetrical as the
value of n increases.
5.4-15 (b) Y = 25/3, Y2 = 130/9;
(c)

96/1024,
y = 4,

144/1024,
y = 5,
P(Y = y) =
150/1024,
y = 6,

135/1024,
y = 7.
5.4-17 Y X + 25 is b(50, 1/2);
50   50

50 1
P(Y X 2) =
= 0.3359.
2
k
k=27

5.4-19 1 17/2e3 = 0.5768.

5.4-21 0.4207.
5.5-1 (a) 0.4772; (b) 0.8561.
5.5-3 (a) 46.58, 2.56; (b) 0.8447.
5.5-5 (b) 0.05466; 0.3102.
5.5-7 0.9830.
5.5-9 (a) 0.3085; (b) 0.2267.
5.5-11 0.8413 > 0.7734, select X.

514 Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

5.5-13 (a) t(2); (c) V = 0; (d) V = 1;
(e) In part (b), numerator and denominator are not
independent.
5.5-15 (a) 2.567; (b) 1.740; (c) 0.90.
5.6-1 0.4772.
5.6-3 0.8185.
5.6-5 (a) 2 (18); (b) 0.0756, 0.9974.
5.6-7 0.6247.
5.6-9 P(1.7 Y 3.2) = 0.6749; the normal approximation is 0.6796.
5.6-11 $444,338.13.
5.6-13 0.9522.
 25
1
y131 ey/2 dy = 0.4810;
5.6-15 (a)
0 (13)213
(b) 0.4448 using normal approximation.
5.7-1 (a) 0.2878, 0.2881; (b) 0.4428, 0.4435; (c) 0.1550,
0.1554.
5.7-3 0.9258 using normal approximation, 0.9258 using
binomial.
5.7-5 0.3085.
5.7-7 0.6247 using normal approximation, 0.6148 using
Poisson.
5.7-9 (a) 0.5548; (b) 0.3823.
5.7-11 0.6813 using normal approximation, 0.6788 using
binomial.
5.7-13 (a) 0.3802; (b) 0.7571.
5.7-15 0.4734 using normal approximation; 0.4749 using
Poisson approximation with = 50; 0.4769 using
b(5000, 0.01).
5.7-17 0.6455 using normal approximation, 0.6449 using
Poisson.
5.8-1 (a) 0.84; (b) 0.082.
5.8-3 k = 1.464; 8/15.
5.8-5 (a) 0.25; (b) 0.85; (c) 0.925.
5.8-7 (a) E(W) = 0; the variance does not exist.
5.9-1 (a) 0.9984; (b) 0.998.
#(n1)/2
"
2t 2
2
e t .
5.9-3 M(t) = 1
n1

Chapter 6
6.1-1 (a) x = 1.1; (b) s2 = 0.035; (c) s = 0.1871.
6.1-3 (a) x = 16.706, s = 1.852;
(b) Frequencies: [1, 1, 2, 14, 18, 16, 23, 10, 7, 2, 1, 1].
6.1-5 (a) x = 112.12; s = 231.3576;
(d) Half of the observations are less than 48.
6.1-7 (b) x = 7.275, s = 1.967; (c) 47, 61.
6.1-9 (a) With class boundaries 90.5, 108.5, 126.5, . . . , 306.5:
Frequencies: [8, 11, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 12, 12, 3];

(b) x = 201;
(c) With class boundaries 47.5, 52.5, . . . , 107.5:
Frequencies: [4, 4, 9, 4, 4, 0, 3, 9, 7, 5, 4, 1];
(d) x = 76.35.
6.1-11 (a) 0.261, 0.196;
(b) 0.327, 0.315;
(c) 0.270, 0.273;
(d) Example of Simpsons paradox.
6.2-1 (a)

Stems

Leaves

Frequency

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

9
3
67
11444678888999
001345566666788999
1111133556667789
01111122234446677888888
0001145899
0133478
28
5
1

1
1
2
14
18
16
23
10
7
2
1
1

(Multiply numbers by 101 .)

(b) 11.9, 15.5, 16.65, 17.8, 22.1;
(c) There are three suspected outliers: 11.9, 21.5,
22.1.
6.2-3 (a) Frequencies for males: [1, 1, 3, 4, 20, 23, 16, 10, 3,
0, 1],
Frequencies for females: [5, 14, 32, 36, 13];
(c) Five-number summary for males: 1.4, 3.5, 4.0,
4.525, 6.5;
Five-number summary for females: 0.5, 1.325, 1.7,
2.0, 2.7.
6.2-5 (b) Five-number summary: 5, 35/2, 48, 173/2, 1,815;
(d) Inner fence at 190, outer fence at 293.5;
(e) The median.
6.2-7 (a) Stems
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134

Leaves

Frequency

8
8
589
8
2344557
2778
79
8

1
1
3
1
7
4
2
1

(Multiply numbers by 101 .)

(b) 131.3, 7.0, 2.575, 131.45, 131.47, 3.034;
(c) Five-number summary: 127.8, 130.125, 131.45,
132.70, 134.8.

Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 515

6.2-9 (a) Stems
30f
30s
30
31
31t
31f
31s
31
32
32t
32f
32s
32
33
33t
33f

Leaves

Frequency

88
001
233
444
66777
88899
000001
22233
444455
677
88999
01

1
0
2
3
3
3
5
5
6
5
6
3
5
2
0
1

(b) Five-number summary: 305, 315.5, 320, 325, 335.

5 = 146, 5
6.3-1 (b) m
0.80 = 270;
(c) 5
q1 = 95,5
q3 = 225.
6.3-3 (a) g3 (y) = 10(1 ey/3 )2 ey , 0 < y < ;
(b) 5(1 e5/3 )4 e5/3 + (1 e5/3 )5 = 0.7599;
(c) e5/3 = 0.1889.
6.3-5 (a) 0.2553; (b) 0.7483.
1
6.3-7 (a) g1 (y) = 19(ey/ )18 ey/ , 0 < y < ;

(b) 1/20.
n!
6.3-9 (a) gr (y) =
(1ey )r1 (ey )nr ey ,
(r 1)!(n r)!
0 < y < ;
(b) A beta pdf with = n r + 1, = r.
n!
(yn y1 )(n2) , 0 < y1 <
6.3-11 (a) g(y1 , yn ) =
(n 2)!
yn < 1;
n2 , 0 < w <
(b) h(w1 , w2 ) = n(n1)wn1
1
2 (1w1 )
1, 0 < w2 < 1;
h1 (w1 ) = (n 1)(1 w1 )n2 , 0 < w1 < 1;
h2 (w2 ) = nwn1
2 , 0 < w2 < 1;
(c) Yes.
6.3-13 Both could be normal because of the linearity of the
qq plots.
6.4-3 (b) x = 89/40 = 2.225.
= X/3; (c) 6
equals the sample
6.4-5 (a) 6
= X/2; (b) 6
median.
6.4-7 (c) (i) 6
= 0.5493, 5
= 0.5975, (ii) 6
= 2.2101,
5
6
= 2.4004, (iii) = 0.9588, 5
= 0.8646.
6.4-9 (c) x = 3.48.

6.4-13 (a) 5
= X; (b) Yes; (c) 7.382; (d) 7.485.
= v/x = 0.0658, 5
= x2 /v =
6.4-15 x = , v = 2 so 5
102.4991.
6.4-17 (b) 5
= 2X; (c) 0.74646.
n
n
yi /x2i 7
)2
1  (yi 6
6.4-19 6
= i=1
; 2 =
.
n
2
n
x2i
i=1 1/xi
i=1
6.5-3 (a) 6
y = 86.8 + (842/829)(x 74.5);
7
(c) 2 = 17.9998.
6.5-5 (a) 6
y = 10.6 0.015x;
(c) 6
y = 5.47 + 0.0004x;
(e) Horsepower.
6.5-7 (a) 6
y = 0.819x + 2.575;
72 = 3.294.
6 = 0.819;
(c) 6
= 10.083;
6.5-9 (a) 6
y = 46.59 + 1.085x.
6.6-1 (b) 2 /n; (c) 2/n.
6.6-3 (a) 2 2 /n; (b) N(, 2 2 /n); (c) 2 (n).
 
n
n

72 = 1
6.7-1 (a)
Xi2 ; (b)
Xi2 ; (c) Yes.
n
i=1

i=1

6.7-7 (a) f (x; p) = exp{x ln(1 p) + ln[p/(1 p)]};

n

Xi is sufficient;
K(x) = x;
i=1

(b) X.
6.8-1 (a) k( | y) +y1 e(n+1/) .
Thus, the posterior pdf of is gamma with parameters + y and 1/(n + 1/);
(b) w(y) = E( | y) = ( + y)/(n + 1/);



 y 
n
1/
+ ()
.
(c) w(y) =
n n + 1/
n + 1/
6.8-3 (a) E[{w(Y) }2 ] = {E[w(Y) ]}2 + Var[w(Y)]
= (74 2 114 + 45)/500;
(b) = 0.569 to = 0.872.
6.8-5 The posterior median (or posterior mean), because
the posterior pdf is symmetric.
6.8-7 d = 2/n.

2
2 (2n)
1/2
(2n) /2
is the
,
6.9-5 (c) 2yz is 2 (2n);
2y
2y
interval

2y

for

z,

and the

interval

for

2y

.
,
2 (2n) 2
/2
(2n)
1/2

Chapter 7
7.1-1 [71.35, 76.25].
7.1-3 (a) x = 15.757; (b) s = 1.792; (c) [14.441, 17.073].
7.1-5 [48.467, 72.266] or [48.076, 72.657].

is

516 Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

7.1-7 [19.47, 22.33].
7.1-9 [21.373, ).
7.1-11 [22.74, 25.48].
7.1-13 (a) 29.49, 3.41; (b) [0, 31.259];
(c) Yes, because of the linearity of the qq plot of the
data and the corresponding normal quantiles.
7.1-15 (a) x = 25.475, s = 2.4935; (b) [24.059, ).
7.1-17 25.
7.2-1 [59.725, 43.275].
7.2-3 [5.845, 0.845].
7.2-5 (, 1.828].
7.2-7 (a) Yes, since a 95% confidence lower bound for X
is 25.511;
(b) [11.5, 13.7];
(c) Do not change since a 95% confidence lower
bound for Y is 12.238.
7.2-9 (a) [0.556, 1.450];
(b) [0.367, 1.863];
(c) No for men because the confidence interval contains 0; Yes for women because the confidence
interval does not contain 0.
7.2-11 [157.227, ).
7.2-13 [5.599, 1.373] assuming equal variances, otherwise, [5.577, 1.394].
7.3-1 (a) 0.0374; (b) [0.0227, 0.0521]; (c) [0.0252, 0.0550];
(d) [0.0251, 0.0554]; (e) [0, 0.0497].
7.3-3 (a) 0.5061; (b) [0.4608, 0.5513] or [0.4609, 0.5511] or
[0.4610, 0.5510]; (c) Not necessarily because there is
a danger of self-selection bias.
7.3-5 (a) 0.1800; (b) [0.0735, 0.2865]; (c) [0.0977, 0.3080];
(d) [0.0963, 0.3111].
7.3-7 [0.207, 0.253].
7.3-9 (a) 0.2115; (b) [0.1554, 0.2676].
7.3-11 [0.011, 0.089].
7.4-1 117.
7.4-3 (a) 1083; (b) [6.047, 6.049]; (c) $58,800; (d) 0.0145.
7.4-5 (a) 257; (b) Yes.
7.4-7 (a) 1068; (b) 2401; (c) 752.
7.4-9 2305.
7.4-11 (a) 38; (b) [0.621, 0.845].
7.4-13 235.
7.4-15 144.
7.5-1 (a) 0.7812; (b) 0.7844; (c) 0.4528.
7.5-3 (a) (6.31, 7.40); (b) (6.58, 7.22), 0.8204.
7.5-5 (15.40, 17.05).

7.5-7 (a)
Stems
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110

Leaves

Frequency

7
000

89
133667788
379
8
139
022

1
3
0
0
2
9
3
1
3
3

5 = 106.7, 5
(b) 5
0.25 = 106.0, m
0.75 = 108.95;
(c) (i) (102.0, 106.6), 89.66%; (ii) (106.3, 107.7),
89.22%; (iii) (107.3, 110.0), 89.66%;
(d) [106.3, 107.7], 89.22%; [105.87, 107.63], 90%.
5 = 0.92;
7.5-9 (a) 5
0.50 = m
(b) (y41 , y60 ) = (0.91, 0.93); 0.9426 using normal
approximation, 0.9431 using binomial;
(c) 5
0.25 = 0.89;
(d) (y17 , y34 ) = (0.88, 0.90); 0.9504 using normal
approximation, 0.9513 using binomial;
(e) 5
0.75 = 0.97;
(f) (y67 , y84 ) = (0.95, 0.98); 0.9504 using normal
approximation, 0.9513 using binomial.
7.5-11 y4 = 5.08 < 0.25 < y15 = 5.27, y14 = 5.27 < 0.5 <
y26 = 5.31, y24 = 5.30 < 0.75 < y35 = 5.35. The corresponding exact confidence coefficients are 0.9503,
0.9467, and 0.9602, respectively.
7.6-1 (a) Normal
with mean 1 and

 variance
2
1
x
+ n
2
;
2
n
i=1 (xi x)
(b) 6
1 ht /2 (n2), where
1
2

n 2
x2
31 + 
.
h=6

n
2
n2 n
i=1 (xi x)
7.6-3 (a) [75.283, 85.113], [83.838, 90.777], [89.107, 99.728];
(b) [68.206, 92.190], [75.833, 98.783], [82.258, 106.577].
7.6-5 (a) [4.897, 8.444], [9.464, 12.068], [12.718, 17.004];
(b) [1.899, 11.442], [6.149, 15.383], [9.940, 19.782].
7.6-7 (a) [19.669, 26.856], [22.122, 27.441], [24.048, 28.551],
[25.191, 30.445], [25.791, 32.882];
(b) [15.530, 30.996], [17.306, 32.256], [18.915, 33.684],
[20.351, 35.285], [21.618, 37.055].

Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 517

7.6-9 6
y = 1.1037 + 2.0327x 0.2974x2 + 0.6204x3 .
7.6-11 (a) r = 0.143;
(b) 6
y = 37.68 + 0.83x;
(d) No;
(e) 6
y = 12.845 + 22.566x 3.218x2 ;
(f) Yes.
7.6-17 [83.341, 90.259], [0.478, 1.553], [10.265, 82.578].
7.6-19 [29.987, 31.285], [0.923, 1.527], [0.428, 3.018].

Chapter 8
8.1-1 (a) 1.4 < 1.645, do not reject H0 ;
(b) 1.4 > 1.282, reject H0 .
(c) p-value = 0.0808.
8.1-3 (a) z = (x 170)/2, z 1.645;
(b) 1.260 < 1.645, do not reject H0 ;
(c) 0.1038.

8.1-5 (a) t = (x 3, 315)/(s/ 30) 1.699;

(b) 1.414 > 1.699, do not reject H0 ;
(c) 0.05 < p-value < 0.10 or p-value 0.08.

8.1-7 (a) t = (x 47)/(s/ 20) 1.729;

(b) 1.789 < 1.729, reject H0 ;
(c) 0.025 < p-value < 0.05, p-value 0.045.
8.1-9 (a) 4.60, p-value < 0.0001;
(b) Clearly, reject H0 ;
(c) [0, 14.573].
8.1-11 1.477 < 1.833, do not reject H0 .
8.1-13 (a) t 1.729;
(b) t = 1.994 < 1.729, so we reject H0 ;
(c) t = 1.994 > 2.539, so we would fail to
reject H0 ;
(d) 0.025 < p-value < 0.05. In fact, p-value = 0.0304.
8.1-15 (a) 2 28.87 or s2 48.117;
(b) 0.10.
8.2-1 (a) (a) t 1.734; (b) t = 2.221 < 1.734,
reject H0 .
8.2-3 (a) |t| = 0.374 < 2.086, do not reject H0 at = 0.05.
8.2-5 (a) t < 1.706; (b) 1.714 < 1.706, reject H0 ;
(c) 0.025 < p-value < 0.05.
8.2-7 (a) t < 2.552; (b) t = 3.638 < 2.552, reject H0 .
8.2-9 (a) t = 1.67, 0.05 < p-value < 0.10, p-value =
0.054, fail to reject H0 .
8.2-11 (a) z = 2.245 > 1.645, reject H0 ; (b) p-value =
0.0124.
8.2-13 (a) t = 3.440, p-value < 0.005, reject H0 .
8.2-15 (c) F0.01 (30, 30) = 2.39.
8.2-17 About n = 54 and c = 5.6.
8.3-1 (a) 0.3032 using b(100, 0.08), 0.313 using Poisson
approximation, 0.2902 using normal approximation and continuity correction;

(b) 0.1064 using b(100, 0.04), 0.111 using Poisson

approximation, 0.1010 using normal approximation and continuity correction.
8.3-3 (a) = 0.1056; (b) = 0.3524.
8.3-5 (a) z = 2.269 > 1.645, reject H0 ;
(b) z = 2.269 < 2.326, do not reject H0 ;
(c) p-value = 0.0116.
y/n 0.40
8.3-7 (a) z = 
1.645;
(0.40)(0.60)/n
(b) z = 2.215 > 1.645, reject H0 .
8.3-9 (a) H0 : p = 0.037, H1 : p > 0.037;
(b) z 2.326;
(c) z = 2.722 > 2.326, reject H0 .
|6
p1 6
p2 |
1.960;
8.3-11 (a) |z| =
6
p(16
p)(1/n1 +1/n2 )

(b) 1.726 < 1.960, do not reject H0 .

8.3-13 [0.007, 0.070]; yes, because z = 2.346 > 1.96.
8.3-15 (a) P(at least one match) = 1 P(no matches) =
47
52

= 0.259.
1
52
52
8.4-1 (a) 55 < 47.08, reject H0 ; (b) 0.0296;
(c) 9 < 10, do not reject H0 ; (d) p-value = 0.1334.
8.4-3 (a) y = 17, p-value = 0.0539;
(b) w = 171, p-value = 0.0111;
(c) t = 2.608, p-value = 0.0077.
8.4-5 w = 54, z = 1.533, p-value = 0.0626 for a one-sided
alternative, do not reject H0 .
8.4-7 (a) z 1.282;
(b) w = 66, reject H0 ;
(c) p-value = 0.0207, making a unit correction for
continuity.
8.4-9 (a) w = 145 > 130.9 or z = 3.024 > 1.96, reject H0 ;
p-value 0.0025.
8.4-11 (a) C = {w : w 79 or w 131}, 0.0539, w =
95, do not reject H0 .
8.4-13 (a) C = {w : w 79 or w 131}, 0.0539, w =
107.5, p-value = 0.8798, do not reject H0 .
8.4-15 C = {w : w 184 or w 280}, 0.0489, w = 241,
do not reject H0 .
8.4-17 (a) w = 71, reject H0 , p-value = 0.0057;
(b) w = 101, do not reject H0 , p-value = 0.7913;
(c) w = 108, do not reject H0 , p-value = 0.8501.
8.4-19 (b) w = 223.5 < 224.25, reject H0 ;
(c) p-value 0.01;
(d) Reject H0 ;
(e) The p-values are approximately equal.


22.5
; = 0.0478;
8.5-1 (a) K() =

3/2
(b) x = 24.1225 > 22.5, do not reject H0 ;
(c) 0.2793.

518 Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises


8.5-3 (a) K() =


510.77
;
15

72 =

(b) = 0.10;
(c) 0.5000;
(d) (i) 0.0655, (ii) 0.0150.
8.5-5 n = 25, c = 1.6.
8.5-7 n = 40, c = 678.38.
25  

25 y
p (1 p)25y , 0.40 p 1.0;
8.5-9 (a) K(p) =
y
y=14

72 =

i=1

n
6
=

i=1 xi +

m

n+m

i=1 yi ,

n

2
i=1 (xi x) +

m

2
i=1 (yi y) .

xy
;
m
2
2
i=1 (xi x) +
i=1 (yi y)

t = c 
n

(b) When H0 is true, 6

X = x, 6
Y = y,

n
m
2
y)2
72 = i=1 (xi x) + i=1 (yi 6

.
n+m
X = x, 6
Y = y,
When H1 is true, 6
n
m

1
1 
7
7
(xi x)2 , Y2 =
(yi y)2 .
X2 =
n
m

i=1

8.6-9 K( ) = P(Y 1) = (1 )5 + 5 (1 )4 =
(1 )4 (1 + 4), 0 < 1/2.
8.7-1 (a) |1.80| > 1.645, reject H0 ;
(b) |1.80| < 1.96, do not reject H0 ;
(c) p-value = 0.0718.

x 230
8.7-3 (a) x 230 + 10z / n or
z ;
10/ n
(b) Yes; (c) 1.04 < 1.282, do not reject H0 ; (d)
p-value = 0.1492.
8.7-5 (a) |2.10| < 2.306, do not reject H0 ; 0.05 < p-value
< 0.10.
8.7-7 2.20 > 1.282, reject H0 ; p-value = 0.0139.
8.7-9 (a) When X = Y = and X2 = Y2 = 2 ,

n+m

)2
i=1 (yi 6
.

which is a function of a t random variable with

n + m 2 degrees of freedom,

i=1

i=1

m

n+m
1
=
,


2 (n+m)/2
{1 + (x y)2 /[ ni=1 (xi x)2 + m
i=1 (yi y) ]}

x c;
(b) n = 43, c = 78.
n

L(3)
k if and only if
xi (15/2)[ln(k)
8.6-3 (a)
L(5)

ln(k) + n(0.05 )
= c;
ln(0.5/)
10

xi 9.
(b)

)2 +
i=1 (xi 6

When X  = Y and X2 = Y2 = 2 ,
Y = y,
6
X = x, 6

(b) = 0.0778;
(c) 0.1827, 0.3450, 0.7323, 0.9558, 0.9985, 1.0000;
(e) Yes;
(f) 0.0344.
8.5-11 With n = 130, c =
8.5, 0.055, 0.094.
n
6 
624n
L(80)
= exp
xi
8.6-1 (a)
k or
L(76)
128
128

ln(5/3)n ] = c;
(b) x 4.15;
(c) x 4.15;
(d) Yes.
L(50)
(72) ln(k)
8.6-5 (a)
k if and only if x
+
L(1 )
2n(1 50)
50 + 1
= c.
2
n

L(0.5)
xi
k if and only if
8.6-7 (a)
L()

n

i=1

(n + m)(n+m)/2
nn/2 mm/2

i=1

$

%
m (y y)2 / n (x x)2 m/2
i=1 i
i=1 i
.



n
2
2 (n+m)/2
1+ m
i=1 (yi y) / i=1 (xi x)

This is a function of an F random variable with

m 1 and n 1 degrees of freedom,
m
(yi y)2 /(m 1)
F = i=1
.
n
2
i=1 (xi x) /(n 1)
n
n
xi yi 72
1
6
6xi )2 ;
8.7-11 (a) = i=1
;

=
(yi
n
2
n
i=1 xi
i=1
#n/2
"
1
.
=


62 n x2 / n (yi
6xi )2
1+
i=1 i

i=1


n
2
6

i=1 xi
(b) is a function T = c 
,
n
6 2
i=1 (yi xi )
a t random variable with n 1 degrees of freedom.

Chapter 9
9.1-1 6.25 < 7.815, do not reject if = 0.05; p-value
0.10.
9.1-3 7.60 < 16.92, do not reject H0 .
9.1-5 (a) q3 7.815;
(b) q3 = 1.744 < 7.815, do not reject H0 .

Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 519

9.1-7 Grouping last two classes: 2.75 < 9.210, not grouping: 3.46 < 11.34; in either case, do not reject H0 .
9.1-9 Using 10 sets of equal probability, 4.44 < 14.07 =
2 (7), so do not reject H .
0.05
0
9.1-11 x = 320.10, s2 = 45.56; using class boundaries
2 (5),
303.5, 307.5, . . . , 335.5, q = 3.21 < 11.07 = 0.05
do not reject.
9.2-1 3.23 < 11.07, do not reject H0 .
9.2-3 2.40 < 5.991, do not reject H0 .
2 (2) = 5.991, do not reject the null
9.2-5 5.975 < 0.05
hypothesis; however, p-value 0.05.
2 (4) = 9.488, do not reject the null
9.2-7 8.449 < 0.05
hypothesis; 0.05 < p-value < 0.10; p-value = 0.076.
2 (1) = 3.841, reject the null hypothesis;
9.2-9 4.149 > 0.05
0.025 < p-value < 0.05; p-value 0.042.
9.2-11 23.78 > 21.03, reject hypothesis of independence.
9.2-13 (a) 39.591>9.488, reject hypothesis of independence;
(b) 7.117>5.991, reject hypothesis of independence;
(c) 11.399>9.488, reject hypothesis of independence.
(d) 0, 0.0285, 0.0224.
9.3-1 7.875 > 4.26, reject H0 .
9.3-3 13.773 > 4.07, reject H0 .

(b)
Source

SS

DF

Treatment 1.6092

MS

p-value

2 0.8046 6.3372 0.0062

Error

3.0470 24 0.1270

Total

4.6562 26

6.3372 > 5.61, reject H0 .

9.3-15 (a) F = 12.47, there seems to be a difference in feed
supplements;
(b) Yes, supplement B looks best and supplement C
the poorest.
9.4-1 18.00 > 5.14, reject HA .
9.4-3 (a) 7.624 > 4.46, reject HA ;
(b) 15.539 > 3.84, reject HB .
9.4-5 (a) 1.723 < 2.90, accept HAB ;
(b) 5.533 > 4.15, reject HA ;
(c) 28.645 > 2.90, reject HB .
9.4-7 (a) 1.727 < 2.36, do not reject HAB ;
(b) 2.238 < 3.26, do not reject HA ;
(c) 2.063 < 2.87, do not reject HB .
9.4-9 (a)

9.3-5 (a)
Source

SS

DF

Treatment 31.112

MS

2 15.556 22.33

Error

29.261 42

Total

60.372 44

Test

0.697

DF

MS

p-value

Treatment 3214.9

3 1071.6 4.1059 0.0489

Error

2088.0

Total

5302.9 11

261.0

4.1059 > 4.07, reject H0 ;

(c) 4.1059 < 5.42, do not reject H0 ;
(d) 0.025 < p-value < 0.05, p-value 0.05.
9.3-11 10.224 > 4.26, reject H0 .
9.3-13 (a) F 5.61;

DF

84.899

298.072

Interaction

9.3-7 14.757 > 2.87, reject H0 .

9.3-9 (a) F 4.07;
(b)
SS

SS

Smoking History

0.000

(b) The respective means are 23.114, 22.556, and

21.120, with the eggs of the shortest lengths in the
nests of the smallest bird.

Source

Source

p-value

2.815

MS

p-value

42.449 12.90

0.000

2 149.036 45.28

0.000

0.704

0.927

3.291

Error

59.247

18

Total

445.032

26

0.21

22 Design

9.5-1
Run

AB

Observations

X1

X2

X3

X4

(a)

[A] = (X1 + X2 X3 + X4 )/4,

[B] = (X1 X2 + X3 + X4 )/4,

[AB] = (X1 X2 X3 + X4 )/4;

(b) It is sufficient to compare the coefficients on
both sides of the equations of X12 , X1 X2 , X1 X3 ,
and X1 X4 , which are 3/4, 1/2, 1/2, and 1/2,
respectively;
(c) Each is 2 (1).

520 Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

9.5-3 [A] is N(0, 2 /2), so E[(X2 X1 )2 /4] = 2 /2 or
E[(X2 X1 )2 /2] = 2 .
9.5-5 (a) [A] = 4, [B] = 12, [C] = 1.125, [D] = 2.75,
[AB] = 0.5, [AC] = 0.375, [AD] = 0, [BC] =
0.625, [BD] = 2.25, [CD] = 0.125, [ABC] =
0.375, [ABD] = 0.25, [ACD] = 0.125,
[BCD] = 0.375, [ABCD] = 0.125;
(b) There is clearly a temperature (B) effect. There
is also a catalyst charge (A) effect and probably a concentration (D) and a temperature
concentration (BD) effect.
9.6-1 4.359 > 2.306, reject H0 .
9.6-3 0.45 < 0.3808, reject H0 .
9.6-5 [0.419, 0.802].

9.6-7 |r| = 0.252 < 0.6613, do not reject H0 .

9.6-11 n = 9.
9.7-1 (a) x = 158.97, s = 12.1525, R = 30.55; (f) Yes.
9.7-3 (a) x = 5.176 + 330 = 335.176, s = 0.5214, R = 1.294;
(f) No.

9.7-5 (b) E( Y ) =

n
2
2;

n1

2

Y
so E(S) =
(c) S =

n1

n
2
 .
2
n1
n 1
2

9.7-7 LCL = 0, UCL = 0.1024; (a) 0.0378; (b) 0.1752.

9.7-9 (a) LCL = 0, UCL = 13.99; (b) Yes.