Factors affecting Solubility

Jethro Exequiel A. Sibayan

Jeff Herson B. Vida
De La Salle University-Dasmarias
Dasmarias, Cavite Philippines

ABSTRACT
Knowing the % difference is needed in the experiment. It is divided to two parts Combined Gas Law and
Grahams Law. First, an Erlenmeyer flask was used with a rubber stopper and tubing. It was heated using
a Bunsen burner and different apparatus. As soon as the flask was heated, it was then placed in a basin.
The T1, T2, V1, P1 and P2 were then measured. The value of V 2 was calculated through the use of
Combined Gas Law Equation. In determining the V 2 observed it was done by subtracting V 1 to delta V2 observed.
Lastly, the % difference was calculated by a certain formula /V 2 calculated- V2 observed/ divided by V2 calculated
multiplied to 100. Next, a two 100ml graduated cylinder was used with a glass rod. Then a blue litmus
paper was inserted at the bottom in one cylinder. A concentrated HCl was placed in inside the opening of
the cylinder through the use of cotton plug in a stick. As soon as the cotton plug was inserted, the time of
movement of the acid was observed and recorded. The time required for HCl to travel the length of the
cylinder was also recorded. It rate of diffusion was calculated and the same procedure was also used in
NH3. The ratio of diffusion of the two substances was solved based on their molecular weight. Lastly, the
% difference between calculated and observed was solved through a certain formula.

INTRODUCTION
An ideal gas is a gas whose pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) in Kelvin are related
by the ideal gas law The relationship for these variables is PV=nRT, where n is the number of moles of
the gas and R is the ideal gas constant. Ideal gases are defined as having molecules with negligible size
with an average molar kinetic energy dependent only on temperature. At low temperature, most gases
behave enough like ideal gases that the ideal gas law can be applied to them. At a temperature much
higher than the critical temperature and at low pressures, however, the ideal gas law is a very good model
for gas behavior. The Combined Gas Law is a combination of Boyle's and Charles' Laws. The Combined
Gas Law describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature. Substituting in
variables, the formula is P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2. The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional to
each other, but directly proportional to the temperature of that gas. For example, if the pressure
increased, either the volume would decrease or the temperature would increase. The Combined Gas Law
can be used to solve any Boyle's or Charles' Law problem. If one of the variables remains constant,
disregard that variable by leaving it out of your equation or setting it to the same value on either side of
the equals sign. Grahams law states that the rates of effusion of two gases are inversely proportional to
the square roots of their molecular weight at the same temperature and pressure: Rate 1/Rate2 =
MW1/MW2. Graham's Law deals with the effusion of gases. This is not to be confused with diffusion
which declares that molecules will move from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower
concentration. The principle of effusion depends upon a movement or diffusion of gases but it relates to
the rate of travel of a gas through a predefined pathway and how the rate depends upon the molecular
mass of the gas. Specifically, the law states that the relative rates of effusion of two gases through a tube
or pathway of equal size is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular masses of the gases.
Effusion is the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated
chamber. The rate of effusion measures the speed at which the gas travels through the tiny hole into a
vacuum. Another term to remember for the test is diffusion. Diffusion is the term used to describe the
spread of a gas throughout a space or throughout a second substance.