Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Functions of NEs
eNodeB
Radio resource management, including radio bearer control, radio admission control,
connection mobility control, and scheduling
MME selection
Security control
Termination of user plane packets that are generated for paging reason
These base stations can be classified into single- and multi-mode base stations according to
provided services.
A single-mode base station (GBTS, NodeB, or eNodeB) can provide services for only one
mode (GSM, UMTS, or LTE), respectively.
A multi-mode base station (MBTS) can provide services of multiple modes. MBTSs are
classified into dual-mode and triple-mode base stations according to provided services.
A dual-mode base station, providing services of two modes, can work in GSM and
UMTS (GU), GSM and LTE (GL), or UMTS and LTE (UL) mode.
A triple-mode base station, providing services of three modes, can work in GSM, UMTS
and LTE (GUL) mode.
eNodeBs are designed based on a distributed architecture. Each eNodeB consists of two basic
types of component: baseband unit BBU3900 and Radio Frequency (RF) unit RRU or RFU.
Logical structure of an eNodeB is as following
Maximum throughput per eNodeB: uplink and downlink data rate at the MAC layer: 1500
Mbit/s (packet size: 550bytes)
Provides ports for data communication between the eNodeB and the MME/S-GW.
Provides CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) ports for communication between the
BBU3900 and the RRUs.
Provides USB ports, which facilitate eNodeB upgrade when a USB disk is inserted into
the LMPT/UMPT during software installation and data configuration.
LTE Main Processing and Transmission unit (LMPT) or Universal Main Processing and
Transmission Unit (UMPT)
Power module, that is, Universal Power and Environment interface Unit (UPEU)
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LMPT/UMPT
The LTE Main Processing and Transmission Unit (LMPT) or the Universal Main Processing and
Transmission Unit (UMPT) is the main control and transmission unit of the BBU3900. It
manages the entire eNodeB in terms of OM and signaling processing and provides clock
signals for the BBU3900.
The UMPT is classified into two types: UMPTa1 and UMPTa2 to support UMTS or LTE
separately.
LBBP
The LTE Baseband Processing Unit (LBBP) is the baseband processing unit of the BBU3900. It
processes baseband signals and CPRI signals.
FAN
The FAN module controls the fan speed and monitors the temperature of the module. It
dissipates heat for boards and modules of the BBU3900.
UPEU
The Universal Power and Environment interface Unit (UPEU) is the power module of the
BBU3900. It converts +24 V DC or -48 V DC power into the power required for boards and
modules of the BBU3900 and provides ports for transmission of external monitoring signals
and eight dry contact signals.
UTRP
Universal transmission processing unit expands transmission capabilities.
Control Subsystem : The functions of the control subsystem are implemented by the
LMPT/UMPT. This subsystem performs OM functions, processes signaling, and provides
the system clock. It manages the entire eNodeB
The signaling involves Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) signaling on the
Uu interface and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) signaling on the S1
and X2 interfaces.
The system clock can be one of the following types: Global Positioning System
(GPS), IEEE1588 V2, synchronous Ethernet, or Clock over IP
Transport Subsystem: The functions of the transport subsystem are implemented by the
LMPT/UMPT and UTRP
Provides ports for communication between the eNodeB and the EPC
Provides the OM channel between the eNodeB and the Local Maintenance
Terminal (LMT) or M2000
Provides ports for communication between the eNodeB and 2G/3G base stations
so that the E1/T1 transmission resources can be shared by the eNodeB and the
2G/3G base stations
System Reliability
Cold redundancy of main control boards In a BBU3900, two LMPT ( or two UMPT)
boards are configured and work in active/standby mode. If the active LMPT (or
UMPT) board experiences a major fault, an active/standby switchover is
automatically performed. An active/standby switchover can also be performed if a
user runs the switchover command.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) channel backup The M2000 detects channel
connectivity by employing the handshake mechanism at the application layer. If
detecting that the active channel is disconnected, the M2000 instructs the
eNodeB through the standby channel to perform a channel switchover. The
eNodeB automatically switches from the route for the active channel to the route
for the standby channel.
Connect Quan
or Type
tity
Function
FE/GE1
(optical port)
SFP
FE/GE0
(electrical
port)
RJ-45
USB(1)(2)
USB
(1)The USB port with the USB silkscreen is used for the
software upgrade of a base station using a Universal Serial
Bus (USB) storage device. This port also functions as a
commissioning Ethernet port.
(2)The USB port with the CLK silkscreen is used for
multiplexing TOD and test clock.
E1/T1 port
DB26
female
The port is used for four E1/T1 signal inputs and outputs
between the UMPT and the universal E1/T1 lightning
protection unit (UELP) or between base station controllers.
GPS
SMA
CI
SFP
RST
DIP Status
Description
ON
ON
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
DIP Status
Description
SW2
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Balanced
ON
ON
ON
ON
Unbalanced
Before accessing the base station through the ETH port, ensure that an OM port has been
opened and the user has obtained required authorities for accessing the base station
through the OM port.
The security of the USB port is ensured by encryption.
The TST port is used for commissioning the base station rather than importing or
exporting the base station configuration.
Indicator Color
RUN
Green
ALM
ACT
Status
Steady on
Steady off
Description
There is power supply, but the board is faulty.
There is no power supply.
Steady off
Steady on
Cell and Antenna Configuration means the maximum specification supported by the
LBBP. For example, the maximum specification supported by the LBBPc is 3 x 10 MHz,
4T4R channel, then the configurations of 3 x 1.4 MHz, 4T4R channel, of 3 x 3 MHz, 4T4R
channel, and of 3 x 5 MHz, 4T4R channel are supported by the LBBPc.
System Reliability
Hot redundancy: A remote radio unit (RRU) is connected to two CPRI ports
on different LBBP boards to form a ring topology. If a CPRI port is faulty,
the service interruption time does not exceed 500 ms. If the LBBP board
where the cell is established is faulty, the cell is reestablished on the other
LBBP board, with a service interruption time shorter than 20s.
Cold redundancy: RRUs are connected to two CPRI ports to form a ring
topology. The two CPRI ports are provided by either one or two LBBP
boards. If a CPRI port or LBBP board is faulty, the cell is reestablished, with
a service interruption time shorter than 20s.
STATE
Color
Green
Red
Status
Description
ON
Connect
or Type
Silkscreen
+24 V/-48V
(UPEUa, UPEUb)
7W2
Function
+24V/-48 V
(UPEUc, UPEUd)
3V3
EXT-ALM0
RJ-45
EXT-ALM1
RJ-45
MON0
RJ-45
MON1
RJ-45
Output Power
Backup Mode
The output power of a UPEUa is 300 W.
1+1 backup
The output power of a UPEUc is 360 W, and the output
1+1 backup
power of two UPEUc boards is 650 W.
The total output power of a UPEUa and a UPEUc is 360 W.
The output power of a UPEUd is 650 W.
1+1 backup
Connector Type
Function
EXT-ALM0
RJ-45
EXT-ALM1
RJ-45
MON0
RJ-45
MON1
RJ-45
Ports on UTRPb4
Silkscreen
Port
Quantity
Connector
E1/T1
E1/T1
DB26 connector
Port
Quantity
Connector
FE/GE0 to FE/GE1
SFP connector
FE/GE2 to FE/GE5
RJ45 connector
DIP Status
Description
SW1
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Balanced
ON
ON
ON
ON
Unbalanced
Others
Unavailable
DIP Status
Description
SW2
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Balanced
ON
ON
ON
ON
Unbalanced
Others
Unavailable
1
OFF
ON
ON
DIP Status
2
3
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
ON
Others
Description
4
ON
OFF
ON
T1
The E1 resistance is set to 120 ohm.
The E1 resistance is set to 75 ohm.
Unavailable
Connector
Description
GPS
SMA coaxial The GPS ports on the USCUb12 and USCUb21 receive GPS signals.
connector The GPS port on the USCUb11 is reserved. It cannot receive GPS signals.
RGPS port
PCB welded The RGPS port on the USCUb11 receives RGPS signals.
wiring terminal The RGPS ports on the USCUb12 and USCUb21 are reserved. They cannot
receive RGPS signals.
TOD0 port RJ45 connector Receiving or transmitting 1PPS+TOD signals
TOD1 port RJ45 connector Receiving or transmitting 1PPS+TOD signals, and receiving TOD signals
from the M1000
BITS port
SMA coaxial Receiving BITS clock signals, supporting adaptive input of 2.048 MHz and
connector 10 MHz clock reference source
M-1PPS port
Color
Description
Default Configuration
Green If the indicator is steady on, the TOD The green indicator of the TOD0 port is off, and
port is configured as an input port. the yellow indicator of the TOD0 port is on.
Yellow If the indicator is steady on, the TOD The yellow indicator of the TOD1 port is Off,
port is configured as an output port. and the green indicator of the TOD1 port is On.
With an E1/T1 line clock, a base station obtains frequency synchronization signals from
the physical layer of an E1/T1 link to achieve clock synchronization. An E1/T1 line clock
can be used when a base station uses the E1/T1 transmission scheme and clock signals
are available on the E1/T1 link.
IP Clock (Clock over IP) Synchronization
IEEE1588 V2 defines the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), which targets synchronization of
clocks in the Ethernet, with the precision to microseconds. With an IEEE1588 V2 clock,
both frequency synchronization and time synchronization are supported. An IEEE1588 V2
clock can be used when a base station works in IP over FE mode and an IP clock server is
configured in the network.
Synchronous Ethernet Clock Synchronization
With a synchronous Ethernet clock, a base station traces the upstream clock by
recovering clock signals from the serial data bit streams received at the physical layer to
achieve synchronization. In synchronous Ethernet, only frequency synchronization is
supported, with the synchronization tolerance 0.05 ppm. A synchronous Ethernet
clock can be used when a base station works in IP over FE mode and the transport
network supports the synchronous Ethernet clock.
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Receives downlink baseband data from the BBU and sends uplink baseband data
for the communication between the BBU and the RRU
Receives RF signals from the antenna system, down-converts the received signals
to IF signals, amplifies the IF signals, and performs analog-to-digital conversion.
The TX channel filters downlink signals, performs digital-to-analog conversion,
and up-converts RF signals to the TX band.
Radio frequency units (RFUs) are used in a macro base station to perform modulation,
demodulation, data processing and power amplification of RF and baseband signals, and conduct
voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
CRFUd, LRFUe, MRFUd and MRFUe modules must be used with the BTS3900 (Ver.C), BTS3900L
(Ver.C), BTS3900A (Ver.C), or BTS3900AL (Ver.A) cabinet.
CRFUd supports two carriers. The bandwidth per carrier is 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz; the total
bandwidth between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the spectrums for
two carriers does not exceed 40 MHz.
LFRU supports one carrier with a bandwidth of 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz in the 2600 MHz band.
LRFUe supports two carriers. The bandwidth per carrier is 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz; the total
bandwidth between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the spectrums for
two carriers does not exceed 30 MHz.
MRFU supports one carrier with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz in the 900MHz band, or
one carrier with bandwidth of 5/10/15/20 MHz in the 1800MHz band.
MRFUd supports two carriers with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz, the output power per
carrier is,
2 x 60W, When support one carrier with a bandwidth of 5/10/15/20 MHz
2 x 40W, When support one carrier with a bandwidth of 1.4/3 MHz
2 x 40W, When support two carriers with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz
MRFUe supports two carriers with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz, the output power per
carrier is,
with a bandwidth of 5/10/15/20 MHz: 1*60W
with a bandwidth of 1.4/3 MHz: 1*40W
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The RX channels down-convert the received signals into IF signals, amplify them,
and then perform analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion.
LRFU Ports
Silkscreen
Connector
Function
ANT_TX/RXB
DIN
ANT_TX/RXA
DIN
CPRI0
SFP female
CPRI1
SFP female
PWR
3V3 power
MON
RJ-45
MRFU Ports
Port
Silkscreen
Connector
Function
ANT_RXB
DIN
ANT_TX/
RXA
DIN
CPRI0
SFP female
CPRI1
SFP female
RX_INB
QMA female
RX_OUTA
QMA female
Power supply
socket
PWR
3V3 power
Monitoring
ports
MON
RJ-45
RF Port
CPRI interface
Inter-MRFU
RF signal port
Remote radio units (RRUs) are used in a distributed base station to perform modulation,
demodulation, data processing, and power amplification of baseband and radio
frequency (RF) signals, and conduct voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
AWSAdvanced wireless service 1.7G or 2.1G
RRU3201 supports one carrier with a bandwidth of:
The RX channels down-convert the received signals into IF signals, amplify them,
and then perform analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion.
RRU3201 Ports
No
Item
the
ANTC-TX/RX
bottom
RET/MON
TX RX CPRI0_E
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
TX RX CPRI_W
RTN0(+)
NEG0(-)
RTN1(+)
NEG1(-)
Description
ANTA-TX/RX
Ports at
1
Silkscreen
Indicators
RRU3220 Ports
No
Item
TX/RX port
the
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port
bottom
RET
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
Indicators
TX RX CPRI0
Optical/electrical port 0
TX RX CPRI1
Optical/electrical port 1
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
EXT_ALM
Description
ANTA-TX/RXA
Ports at
Silkscreen
RRU3222Ports
No.
Item
TX/RX port
the
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port
bottom
RET
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
Indicators
TX RX CPRI0
Optical/electrical port 0
TX RX CPRI1
Optical/electrical port 1
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
EXT_ALM
Description
ANTA-TX/RXA
Ports at
1
Silkscreen
RRU3808 Ports
No.
Item
TX/RX port
the
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port
bottom
RET
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
TX RX CPRI_W
RTN(+)0
NEG(-)0
NEG(-)1
Indicators
TX RX CPRI_E
RTN(+)1
Description
ANTA-TX/RXA
Ports at
1
Silkscreen
RRU3908 DC V1 Ports
No.
Item
Ports at
1
the
bottom
Silkscreen
ANTA-TX/RXA
TX/RX port A
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port B
RET
RX_IN/OUT
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
Indicators
Description
TX RX CPRI_E
TX RX CPRI_W
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
EXT_ALM
RST
RRU3908 DC V2 Ports
No.
Item
Ports at
1
the
bottom
Silkscreen
ANTA-TX/RXA
TX/RX port A
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port B
RET
RX_IN/OUT
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
Indicators
Description
TX RX CPRI_E
TX RX CPRI_W
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
EXT_ALM
RST
RRU3908 AC V1 Ports
No
Item
Ports at the
bottom
Silkscreen
ANTA-TX/RXA
TX/RX port A
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port B
RET
RX_IN/OUT
AC-in
DC-out
Ports in the
cabling
cavity
Indicators
Description
TX RX CPRI_E
TX RX CPRI_W
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
EXT_ALM
RST
RRU3908 AC V2 Ports
No.
Item
Ports at
1
the
bottom
Silkscreen
ANTA-TX/RXA
TX/RX port A
ANTC-TX/RXB
TX/RX port B
RET
RX_IN/OUT
AC-in
DC-out
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
Indicators
Description
TX RX CPRI_E
TX RX CPRI_W
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
EXT_ALM
RST
Silkscreen
Description
ANT_TX/RXA TX/RX port A, supporting RET signal transmission
ANT_RXC
RX port C
ANT_RXD Port RX port D
ANT_TX/RXB TX/RX port B
RX_IN/OUT
RET
Ports in
the
cabling
cavity
RTN(+)
NEG(-)
CPRI0
CPRI1
EXT_ALM
An RRU3240, which is a remote radio unit for LTE, supports a maximum of two carriers.
STMA (Smart Tower-mounted Amplifier) mode. In this mode, the distance between the
RRU and the RCU is longer than 20 m and the TMA is required for the eNodeB.
A command is sent to the BBU on the M2000 or the LMT, and then the BBU
transfers that command to the RRU. The RRU transfers the DC power and the
OOK (On-Off-Keying ) signals to the STMA from the connector on top of the
cabinet. The STMA demodulates the OOK signals to RS485 signals and then
supplies the RS485 signals and part of the DC power to the RCU.
SBT( Smart Bias-Tee ) mode. In this mode, the distance between the RRU and the RCU is
longer than 20 m and the TMA is not required for the eNodeB.
A command is sent to the BBU on the M2000 or the LMT, and then the BBU
transfers that command to the RRU. The RRU transfer the DC power and the OOK
signals to the SBT from the connector on top of the cabinet. The SBT
demodulates the OOK signals to RS485 signals and then supplies the RS485
signals and part of the DC power to the RCU.
Direct connection through multi-core cables. In this mode, the distance between the RRU
and the RCU( Remote Control Unit ) is shorter than 20 m.
A command is sent to the BBU on the M2000 or the LMT, and then the BBU
transfers that command to the RRU. The RRU modulates the command to RS485
signals, and then transfers the signals and the DC power to the RCU through
multi-core cables.
In the case, RCU of Huawei and the SBT of Kathrein are configured.
The RCU (Remote Control Unit) is the motor drive of the phase shifter inside the electrical
antenna. It receives and runs the control commands from the base station and drives the
stepper motor. The stepper motor drives the phase shifter inside the antenna device, and
the phase shifter adjusts the antenna tilt. Interface RS485 functions as the control
interface of the RCU.
The SBT (Smart Bias-Tee) provides DC power supply and control commands through the
feeder for the RCU. The SBT is installed on the RET antenna side. The SBT provides the
following functions:
The SBT converts the control commands that are modulated with OOK by the
feeder into the RS485 signals and transfers the signals to the RCU.
The SBT converts the RS485 signals from the RCU into OOK signals and transfers
the signals to the feeder.
The SBT divides and sends the RF signals and control signals from the feeder to
the antenna and the RCU.
The SBT transmits the direct current from the feeder to the RCU.
Module
Optional or
Mandatory
Max.Config
Per Cabinet
RFU
Optional
RFU filler
panel
Optional
Fan box
Mandatory
BBU3900
Optional
DCDU-01
Mandatory
Power
equipment
(DC/DC)
Mandatory
Power
equipment
(AC/DC)
Optional
Remarks
Weight
Power Supply
Specification
Cabinet dimensions
1600mm(H)*600mm(W)*450(D)
Base dimensions
40mm(H)*600mm(W)*450(D)
empty cabinet
75Kg
Assembly cabinet
110kg
235kg
-48VDC
-48V(-38.4~-57V)
Power Consumption
5860W
Heat Consumption
5010W
Temperature
long term
-20~50
Short term
5055
Humidity
5%95%RH
Installation Type
The advanced power module APM30 is a power backup system for outdoor applications.
It provides the DBS3900 with 48 V DC power and backup batteries. It also provides
space for the BBU3900 and customer equipment to facilitate rapid network deployment.
With -48V 24Ah build-in batteries:5U space
Without build-in batteries:7U space
The APM30 can provide the following functions:
DC power supply
Battery management
Power distribution
Surge protection
Temperature control
Power backup
1. Fan box
Optional or
Mandatory
Mandatory
Max.Config
Per Cabinet
Remarks
2. SLPU
Mandatory
3. PSU
(AC/DC)
Mandatory
4. EPS
subrack
Mandatory
Module
Optional or
Mandatory
Max. Config
Per Cabinet
1. Fan box
Mandatory
2. CMUA
Mandatory
Remarks
3. Power
distribution
box
Mandatory
4. Battery
Mandatory
Optional or
Mandatory
Max.Config
Per Cabinet
1. TEC
Mandatory
2.
CMUA
Mandatory
3. Power
Distribut
ion box
Mandatory
4.
Battery
Mandatory
Remarks
The TMC can be configured when more space is required for transmission
equipment. The cabinet, used outdoors, is small in size and easy to transport. The
TMC dissipates heat through a breathable film and fans. The BBU3900 can be
installed in the TMC.
A TMC can provide a maximum of 11 U space for customer equipment.
TMC11H providing space for the transmission equipment, as shown in A
TMC11H configured with the BBU3900 in the -48 V DC power supply scenario, as
shown in B
When long-term power backup is required, the battery cabinet (BBC) can be configured.
The cabinet, used outdoors, is small in size and easy to transport. The BBC dissipates heat
in direct-ventilation mode.
Configured with built-in battery groups, a BBC can provide a maximum of 48 V DC 184
Ah backup power.
Power cables shipped with RRUs cannot support long-distance power supply. Therefore,
when power supply is far from the equipment, cables with large core diameters are used,
and an OCB connects these cables and RRU power cables
Module
1. DCDU01
2. Fan box
3. RFU
Optional or
Mandatory
Mandatory
Mandatory
Mandatory
Max. Config/
Cabinet
Remarks
Different quality of RFUs or RRU will be configured according to the specific types of
RRUs or RRUs with different quality of antenna ports.
Different quality of RFUs or RRU will be configured according to the specific types with
different quality of antenna ports.
Topology Advantage
Star
Transmission reliability is
high. When an RRU or an
optical fiber is faulty, only
the related sector is
affected.
Installation and
maintenance are easy.
Chain
The chain topology
reduces the cost for
optical fibers.
Loadsharing
Disadvantage
Remarks
RRUs cannot be cascaded when RRUs can be connected to any
the star topology is used.
CPRI ports on the LBBPc or
LBBPd when the star topology
is used.
RRU3232s cannot be
cascaded.
A maximum of four RRU3251s
can be cascaded.
RRUs to be cascaded must
have the same CPRI data rate.
Transmission reliability
Two optical fibers must be
If the LBBPc is used, a 20 MHz
improves.
connected to one RRU.
8T8R cell is supported only
Wider transmission
The inter-board load-sharing when the load-sharing
bandwidth can be
topology requires two LBBPc or topology is used.
achieved with two optical LBBPd boards.
fibers.
RRUs cannot be cascaded
when the load-sharing topology
is used.
Star topology
Advantage: Each eNodeB is connected directly to the MME through the transport network.
Therefore, this simple topology features easy engineering, maintenance, and capacity
expansion; Each eNodeB exchanges data with the MME directly. Signals travel through only
a few nodes, and therefore network reliability is high
Disadvantage: Compared with the other two topologies, the star topology requires more
transmission resources
Chain topology & Tree topology
Advantage: The costs of transmission equipment, engineering, and transport line lease are
relatively low
Disadvantage: Signals travel through many nodes, and therefore network reliability is low.
Each lower-level eNodeB occupies some transmission bandwidth of its upper-level eNodeB.
Reliability of the upper-level eNodeB affects operation of the lower-level eNodeB.
System Reliability
Route backup
Route backup enhances transmission reliability by using a pair of primary and
secondary routes to the same destination. The routes are prioritized: A higher priority
is set for the primary route, and a lower priority for the secondary route.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) channel backup
The MBTS can achieve route backup by using common transmission with IP, which enables
backup between traffic channels.
When the MBTS supports route backup, each SiteUnit has two transmission channels, that is,
the main channel and the backup channel.
Main channel: When each SiteUnit connects to the transport network by using an
independent physical transmission port, this independent transmission link is the main
channel for each SiteUnit.
Backup channel: When the main control boards of two SiteUnits are interconnected
by using FE/GE ports, each SiteUnit's independent transmission link serves as a
backup channel for the other SiteUnit. FE stands for fast Ethernet and GE stands for
gigabit Ethernet.
Under normal circumstances, the GBTS and NodeB use their own independent transmission
links (main channels) to transmit data. No impact exists between the GBTS and NodeB in
terms of transmission. If the main channel of the NodeB is faulty, the backup channel will be
used and the NodeB's data is transferred to the GTMU board over the FE interconnection
cable. Moreover, the transmission link of the GBTS (the backup channel) will be used to
ensure that high-priority maintenance and service data will not be affected. After the main
channel of the NodeB is restored, the system automatically switches back to the main
channel to transmit data.
The UMTS traffic is transmitted on one path whereas the LTE traffic is transmitted on
different paths
Both UMTS traffic and LTE traffic are transmitted on different paths