MICROBIOLOGY

Endemic refers to a disease prevalent in,

and confined
to, a particular
population.
Epidemic an outbreak of and infectious
disease
spreading widely in
an area.
Epidemiology - study of the causes of the
disease in a
community.
Microbiology study of microorganisms
and their
activites.
I. FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS
Protista third kingdom of living organisms.
2 Categories
Higher Protista (Eukaryotes)
Have true nucleus.
Lower Protista (Prokaryotes)
No true nucleus.
GROUP OF MICROORGANISMS
1. Bacteria
2. Virus
3. Algae
4. Fungi
5. Protozoa
II.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Soil and Solid Waste Microbiology

Soil make up a very thin layer of

material on
the Earths surface.
Composting acceleration of organic
degradation.

Water and Wastewater

Microbiology and Indicator
Organisms
Atmospheric and Indoor Air
Micribiology
Air provides a mechanism of
transfer for microorganisms that is
much wider ranging than that of
water.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
A. PATHOGENS
Pathogens is an agent that causes
infection in a living host.
Infection a pathological condition
due to growth of microorganisms in a
host.
Virulence capacity of a
microorganism to cause disease.
B. PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS WITH
ITS AGENTS & VECTORS
o

Anthrax (Bacterial)

Endemic typhus (Ricketsial)

Hepatitis A (Viral)

Amebiasis (Protozoan)

Tapeworm dieseases
(Helminthic)

C. WATER QUALITY
It is a measure of the
condition of water relative to the
requirements of one or more biotic
species and or to any human need or
purpose.
WATERBORNE DISEASES
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Cholera
Infectious hepatitis
Amebiasis Giardasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Schistosomiasis

Model B - is typical of populations in

devepoled countries, with a relatively
old age structure and a life expectancy
of 70 years.
D. AIRBORNE DISEASES
- are those transmitted by the
pathogens carried by a small droplet
of nuclei, which become resupended,
circulated by air, carried by dust, or
recirculated through inadequate
ventilation systems.
Aerosol method is defined as a
colloidal system of solid or liquid particles in a
gas.

Pulmonary tubercolosis
Pulmonary mycosis
E. INSECT AND RODENT- BORNE
DISEASES
o
o
o

Yellow fever
Plague
Ricettsia

Two organsisms responsible for

typhus fever:
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi
F. NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
(NCDs)
- caused by factors such as
genetics, environment, and lifestyle,
and not by disease-causing organisms.
Non-infectious diseases do not pass on
from one person to another.
Two model populations from a
U.N. study :
Model A is typical of populations in
developing countries, with a young
age structure and an average life
expectancy of 50 years.

G. INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS TO
HUMANS
a.) Arsenic (arsenic poisoning)
b.)Asbestos (Cardiac failure and Lung
cancer)
c.) Cadmium (joint pain & lung
disease)
d.)Lead (Impairs nervous system)
e.) Mercury (numbness, deformity,
death)
H. ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS AND ITS
HARMFUL EFFECTS TO HUMANS

a.) Chloroform
- heart damage, liver failure
b.)Dioxin
- damage to nervous system
c.) Fenitrothion
- Reyes syndrome (in children)
d.)Mirex
- cancer, kidney damage
e.) PCBs (Polychlorinated
biphenyls)
- headaches, visual disturbances