Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Richard Cheng
7'
!.
\1
Thomas Telford
. .:I
Published by Tho!Tias Telford Publishing, Thomas Telford Services Ltd l Heron Quay, London E14 4JD
First published 1996
10017-2398
Japan: Maruzen Co. Ltd, Book Department, 3-10 Nihonbashi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tob:yo 103
Austrolia: DA Books and Journals, 648 Whitehorse Road, Mitcham 3132. Vicmria
8007~1987 Design
The design tables are intended to be used by experienced and qualified engineers, Proper consideration should be
taken of all design and constructional requirements to ensure sound engineering judgements are made.
Care has been taken to ensure that aH the data and information herein are factual and that numerical values are
accurate. The author and publisher assume no responsibility for errors Jn or misinterpretation of information
contained in this book or in its use.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Classification
Availability. Unrestncted
Content." Guidance
Status: Established kuowledge
User: Civil engineers and designers
All rights, including translation reserved. Except for fair copying, no part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Books Publisher, Thcmas Telford Publishing, Thomas
Telford Services Ltd, 1 Heron Quay, London El4 4JD.
This book is published on the understanding that the author is solely responsible for the statements made and
opinions expressed in it and that its publication does not necessarily imply that such statements and/or opinions are
or reflect the views or opinions of the publishers.
Typeset by R. Cheng and Techset Composition Ltd, Salisbury, Wiltshire.
Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire.
Contents
1
Introduction
2 Design summary
2.1
2.2
2.3
3
5
Design example
3.1
Design tables
Tables AI to A6: reiriforcements required for control of thermal and shrinkage cracks
Notes to Tables A I to A6
Table A I
Table A2
Table A3
Table A4
Table A5
Table A6
W 0.1,
W = 0.1,
W = 0.1,
W = 0.2,
W = 0.2,
W = 0.2,
Coeff.
Coeff.
Coef'f.
Coeff.
Coeff.
Coeff.
13
21
Table Bl
Table B2
Table B3
Table B4
Table B5
Table B6
W =0.1,
W=O.I,
W 0.1,
W =0.1,
W = 0.1,
W =0.1,
F==30, Cover=40
F==30, Cover 52
f,.=30, Cover 56
F,u 30, Cover,~60
F,. = 30, Cover= 65
F,.=30, Cover=72
22
23
24
25
26
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
F,u=35,
F,.=35,
Fm=35,
F,. 35,
Fou=35,
F,.=35,
Cover=40
Cover=52
Cover= 56
Cover=60
Cover=65
Cover=72
28
29
811
812
W=O.I,
W=O.I,
W=O.l,
W=O.l,
W=O.I,
W=O.l,
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Cover=40
Cover=52
Cover=56
Cover= 60
Cover=65
Cover=72
34
35
Table
Table
Table
Table
table
Table
Bl9
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
Cover=40
Cover=52
Cover= 56
Cover= 60
Cover= 65
Cover= 72
B7
B8
B9
B!O
W =0.2,
W =0.2,
W 0.2,
W = 0.2,
W = 0.2,
W = 0.2,
F,.=30,
f,u=30,
F'" 30,
F'" = 30,
Fcu = 30,
F'" = 30,
27
30
31
32
33
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
I4
15
16
17
18
19
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
B30
W=0.2,
W=0.2,
W = 0.2,
W=02,
W=02,
W=0.2,
F,u=35,
F,u=35,
F,u = 35,
Fcu=35,
fuu=35,
F,u 35,
Cover=40
Cover 52
Cover 56
Cover 60
Cover=65
Cover 72
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
B31
B32
B33
B34
B35
B36
W=0.2,
W =0.2,
W=0.2,
W=0.2,
W=0.2,
W=0.2,
feu 40,
fuu=40,
fuu=40,
F,u=40,
F,u 40,
F,u=40,
Cover= 40
Cover 52
Cover 56
Cover 60
Cover 65
Cover 72
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Introduction
I. 1
In the design of reinforced concrete structures, it is assumed that tensile capacity of concrete does
not contribute to the strength of the structure, and steel remforcement is provided to resist the
internal tensile forces which develop. Because steel reinforcement can only develop the resisting
tensile force by extension (i.e. steel needs to extend to develop stress), and hence cause cracks to
form in the surrounding concrete, cracks in reinforced concrete structures cannot be avoided.
1.2
Concrete expands and contracts wtth the increase in temperature during hydration of cement and
the subsequent fall in temperature. In continuous structures, if this movement is restrained. tensile
stresses will develop which can cause cracks to form. The effects of thermal contraction and drying
shrinkage may be controlled by the provision of reinforcements and movement joints.
1.3
Although it is accepted that cracks will be present in reinforced concrete structures, the degree and
magnitude of cracking should be controlled. In the design of liquid-retaining structures it is
essential to restrict the width of cracks in the structure. The maximum design surface crack widths
Win BS 8007 for direct tension and flexure or restrained temperature and moisture effects are as
follows
The above assumes that, if cracks do not exceed 0.2 mm, they can heal autogeneously.
1A
BS 8007 is based on the limit states approach. Generally, the ultimate limit states do not control the
design of the concrete section and reinforcement, and design should be carried out for the
serviceability limit state of cracking, followed by checking of the ultimate limit states and other
serviceability conditions.
1.5
Appendix A of BS 8007 provides calculations of minimum reinforcement, crack spacing and crack
widths in relation to temperature and moisture effects. Section 2.1 summarises the design formulae
and Tables A 1 to A6 provide the calculated reinl(ucements required for control of thermal and
shrinkage cracking.
I .6
Appendix B of BS 8007 provides calculations of crack widths in mature concrete under structural
loading. Section 2.2 summarises the design formulae and Tables Bl to 836 tabulate the service and
ultimate flexural capacity of a range of slab thicknesses and reinforcement arrangements under
differing conditions of crack width limitation, concrete strength and cover.
L7
The design calculations of both the serviceability limit state of cracking due to thermal and
moisture effects and flexural effects can be tedious and time consuming. In the preliminary design
stage, the design tables in this document should assist and short-cut the design precess, saving
valuable time. The most economical design solution can be selected by direct comparison of data
within the tables.
Design summary
2.1
2.1.1
Procedures swnmarised below are appropriate for long continuous slab and \Vall construction,
and cracking arising from temperature and moisture changes is controlled by providing adequate
amounts of reinforcement without contraction joints.
For design with contraction joints and partial restraint refer to BS 8007 Cl. 5.3.3.
2.1.2
Minimum reinforcement required to control the early thermal and shrinkage cracking (within
three days)
Peri< is the critical steel ratio which is the minimum ratio of steel to the gross area of the 'concrete
section' (concrete section being the surface zone as defined in Figs AI and A2 of Appendix A of
BS 8007). This critical reinforcement is required to transfer tensile force across the cracks and
to distribute cracking.
fct =direct tensile strength of immature concrete (usually taken at an age of three days)
/y = characteristic strength of reinforcement
Vi:J.lues of pcr;,
Estimated f.,
ct
ct
ct
2.1.3
(C30)
(C35)
(C40)
1.45
1.6
1.75
/y=460
/y=250
0.0032
0.0035
0.0038
0.006
0.0065
0.007
Reinforcement required to control crack width due to thermal and shrinkage effect:
Tl
S
[ b
<P
Aggregate type
Flint, quartzite
Granite, basalt
Limestone
12 x
w-"
10
8
JO-b
J0-6
bar diameter.
+ T2).
W=Se.
e is the effective strain= eshrinkage + e(TI,T2)
creep strain.
w=
sG)cn + T2)
(7:
(~)en+ T2)
Sm~ =
(i') (~)
= 1.0 for round bar and 0.67 for deformed type 2 bar)
Wm~ =
T2)
Re-arrange equation
P= [
2.2
~) ( 2
:mJJ(~)en +
Tz)
1
X
Neutral axis
h
(f,A,)
f,
Section
2.2.1
Strains
Stresses/forces
fc
Is
ecEc
ESES
Equilibrium of forces:
concrete compression= steel tension
0.5fcbx =!,A,
0.5ecEcbx
= EEA
5
~bx-2E'A
Es
Ec
Ec
Smce - = - - -
(d-x)
8,
X
(d _ x) bx = 2cx.A,
Re-arrange equation
bY = 2cx.A (d- x)
; d'
2
(x(d) =
2aG;)(l-~)
+ 2ap(S) -
p-
(A')
bd
~)
2ap = 0
quadratic equation
+ .j[(ap) 2 + 2ap]
{-ap + .j[(ap)2 + 2ap])d
x(d = -ap
x=
It should be noted from the above equation, that the neutral axis position is a function of the
modular ratio and area of reinforcement of a given section only-it is independent of the applied
moment.
2.2.2
Crack width.
d-x)
[,= ( h-x s,E,
In calculating crack width, BS 8007 gives allowance to the stiffening effect of concrete between
cracks
where ern is the average strain for calculation of crack width
s2 is the strain due to the stiffening effect of[, concrete between cracks.
Substitute
OJ= ern+
s, in the equation
d-x)
/, = ( h - x (Bro
+ s,)E,
b(h -x) 2
3E,A,(d- x)
1.5b(h - x) 2
cc=c-'--:-:-~'-c
3E,A,(d- x)
"d h
crac k wt t W=
c)
3aaem
(a
I +2 -'-'h -x
where a" is the distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
c is the minimum cover to the tension reinforcement.
Re-arrange equation
(~=;)<em+ e,)E,
-(d-x){w[I+2C~'-=-xc)]
-h3
+ e, }E,
f. -
-x
acr
M, = f.A,[d- (x/3)]
M, =
2.3
(~ =;) {
w[ 1 + zCc'- c) J }
3 ac~- x
+ e2
E,A,[d- (x/3)]
D.DD35
Neutral axis
-t rSFcu
0.405Fwbx
A,
0.87FyA,
Section
Strains
Stresses/forces
2.3.1
Equilibrium of forces:
steel tension= concrete compression
0.87F,A, = OA05Fruxb
0.87FyA, ,
= 0 405F,ub
M011 =
0.405P~.bxZ
Mull
= 0.405F,ubx(d- 0.45x)
BS 811 0 conditions
z < 0.95d
If Z > 0.95d then
M, 1, = 0.87FyAs0.95d
EXAMPLE
I
I
PROJECT:
SHEET No.
100
--4mwater
I.
''
''
''
''
''
'
Note::;:
1) Continuous construction (i. e. no contraction joints)
2)
Exposure~- severe
3) Concrete mix
(a) C 35A concrete
(b) 325 kg/m 3 cemert content
(c) max. water/c ratio= 0.55
4) Cover= 40 mm
6) fy=460
Type 2 deformed bar
Pu~ = 0.0035
f.tlf, = 0.67
7)
8)
.----------------------------------,
EXAMPLE
PROJECT:
SHEET No.
101
1 bQ.ADING
= 8.4kN/m 2
2
= 40 kN/m
=48.4 kN/ m2
= 67.8 kN/m2
Rt;IHFQKCEMENT REQUIRED.FO.RCOHJRO~ OF THERMAL AND
SHRINKA_Gf' Ct;AC_K_S
350
f-
Top
1=~~----=1
I
Bottom
W=02
Coeff. of thermal expansion = 10
Use Table A5
,A,,
(Tl2 -150 T)
(T16- 200 T)
(T20- 250T)
2
(T25-300 T)
(T32-300 T)
= 1466 mm
(TOP)
t
T
SURFACE ZONES
h/2 = 175 mm
100 mm
EXAMPLE
SHEET No.
Watec
Ho!di~g
=16 ,,.,m,
12 mm,
A0 = 402 m'""
0 =20mm,
/-,
A6
0=32 mm,
: Effect1ve
(T16- 300 B)
(T20- 300 B)
~:-25-
300 B)
(T32
~-
300 B)
= 1072 mm
spa~ i
4 m /4 = 1.0 m
= 4.0-2/3 x 0.6
I
I
(112- 275 B)
= 838 mm
QE;:BIGtJEQE f~f)(Ug!; -
(BO-rTCiv1)
= 670 mm
0=25 mm,
Tank
As 536 mm
102
3.6m
F0
I
I
(SERVICE LOAD)
F,[t
48.4
=774.4 kt~
4 X 67.8 = 1085 kN
M,,tf
Ms
----
0.071x F0 xI
19BkNm
, -
00"'5
. ...;
fs
I=-153 kNm
i
X J
0.071 X F", X !
=277 kNm
-0.055 X F"" K i
=-2'5 k,'Jm
I
I
i
w9
EXAMPLE
SHEET No.
103
PROJECT:
BS 8110, Table 3.20
Column strip
Middle strip
Span
moment
(kNm/m)
Mult
Support
moment
(kNm/m)
d2
d,
= 76 kNm
= -81 kNm
Mult
Allow
K20mm0bar
E
N
~-
f'
Middle strip
Jf-200T
I~
Column strip
E
N
Middle
strip
2m
I!
T20-200B
Column
strip
2m
rzo-z06'r
J!
~
"--------?
"'-----?
J~
T20-200T
~'
= -27 kNm
Mult
T16-200B
T20-200B
J!
~
T16-200T
>=
f'
Column
strip
2m
rT20-200T
= 62 kNm
Mult
Max. cover= 40 + 20 = 60 mm
40 mm cover
Column strip
"--------?
I~
N
T20-200T
Note: Two-thirds of reinforcement required to resist the support moment in the column strip should
be placed in a width equal to half that of the column strip and central with the column.
EXAMPLE
PROJECT:
SHEET No.
UJtJmAt:.( . J::;;hefor
IUi~J;y;ate
67.8 X (7t
350
1 d1
'
Id
I
40-10
300 mm ]
= 290 mm
= 350 - 60
I
Ii
10 = 280 rr.m
:; :~:~g
+2
15 X a)
=5880mm
'
vrft
I
I
= 1066 X [(1
1154 kN
3
A"
1571 mm ("20
1001'\lbd
0.54
ZOOT)
2
To T2C - 150T,
100A,Ibd = 0.72,
Use
A*= 2094
IEXAI\IIPLE
p_ROJECT :
____
N-o~-_'_:J5--~
--S-HE_E_T
iI
2.'.1 N/mm 2
! d 2 = 280 rmr
:
1
!
"'1A4
;: : : 1.44 X 0,9
~
26
33
../ OK
The tables
the area of reinforcemer.t in rm:1 2 required for control of thermal and shrinkage
cracking ln each surface of the concrete surface zone.
2.
3.
Coe!T. of thermal expansion is the coefficient of thermal expansion of mature concrete, usually
taken as 12 x I o~ 6 . BS 8110 recommends the following
Aggregate type
----+--
Flint, quartzite
Granite. basalt
Limestone
12 X
10 x
8 X
JO~E
w~
JO~S
4.
5.
6.
Surface zone depth is the surface concrete depth in mm as specified in Figs A 1 and A2 of
Appendix A BS 8007.
7.
In the calculation of the tables, bond strength of high yield deformed type 2 is used, i.e.fo,//b 0.67.
(In view of the very marginal cost difference between deformed high yield and mild steel bars, there
is no cost advantage in using mild steel bars.)
8.
9.
p""' = 0.0035.
W= 01
Sl
Bar Dia.
12
12
12
12
"20
112
125
137
362
405
540
452
496
25
482
60::
30
724
844 ...
40
50
55
12
1447
1008
12
70
15
16
16
" .
'216
.......... 1206
.......... 1327
65
16
150
175
200
225
250
1685
. 1899
1930
217
211
2442
2.,2
2 14
2322
2653
289-!
2885
3256
3317
3618
67
81C
..946
1080
ZONE
100
'351
1486
1009
1963
1686
1621
1 ?56
1!JB1
482
643
8U4
54C
72!J
900
603
804
661
881
11C
'1286
1441
1447
1621
1801
1G05
'24
965
844
1',26
12UC
96C
1085
1286 ... 1447
1608
1809
1206
1608
10
30
os .
1oce
1 roe
1!!B1
1608
1809
1162
1930
225
2573
2894
1983
21
2$33
3256
3216
3618
2010
22
2203
2423
12
2653
3095
2894
3216
3538
3618
39&c
4422
2814
402G
16 ..
65
2090
2341
2613
28134
3136
3658
4181
4703
==~"=i===it60==i=j1~930=+=~2Z1'~6~j2~41012~=~2~~4t=2~8~~=j~G~7=+=~3~9t=~4~M2=+=~4824
2251
2521
2814
3084
45(}2
5065
20
15
603
675
54
826
l?05
1055
1200
1357
1500
20
,.
1809
2()1
2026
2261
2513
2478
2754
27' 4
30'5
3166
3518
3618
4020
4070
2251
4523
4523
502tl-
4221
4422
4824
49l5
5528 -
20
20
20
-+ . . . . . .,:;c...-~22m.;,....+-~
24117~6t-2~7~&4;...-.J-~
302~9+3
:3'
60
2412
L/U1
oU1o
361~
2\Cd
3152
3266
35BD
3920
4573
5226
3518
3855
4221
4925
5628
5421
5879
>332
844
942
1033
131
1319
1508
'c696
O<ID4
55
2613
20
70
2814
25
.............. 1>
..
6030
6533
035
1884
2513
2513
282;
3W
3015
3392
3769
3518
3957
4397
4020
4523
5025
4:5;;;:;23~>.....;5:;008;:;.-8+-_.;:55:.;;553':'---l
5025
5653
6281
5528
6218
6900
6030 .......6784
538
6533
7349
8166
7035
7914
8794
~-2~'-1--~---t,1~.w~"+-~'1~m~,1~256~~~,,~-;~~~~4-~1~7s~s_+-~201~0~2~261.4
25
.......25
..
'
'
25
30
14Gf
1256
1500
1759
1570
1884
2198
1J
1721
2065
zro4
""""
3518
2s;,,
3098
3392
141
3455
2"".!.
1688
1970
2251
""""
2814
3095
337i
.>roo
zo
4l1
50
55
zo
25
3260
""""
4083
3442
3786
4131
4475
25
70
3518
4819
1441
1801
1200
608
2010
;;~~
J2
10
32
20
3l
25
"2Bf.
cEiJ8
~~
~~
'930
...
2198
2261
2638
2459
25
25
25
2<01
2013
2764
1884
5276
=
1JL
1>62
2203
144/
1930
2412
~:
1930
2573
3216
3377
--il~2-+~~~~~~t::!=.. ~3.6~i118~=~
3966~5==~
434t:j2~
;~
..
32
'"'
""""
43LL
32
70
""'
4502
4662
504C
32
::
3602
+. .
:
.
217'
2894
3618
2.,2
3216 ...
4020
7236
ffif . . m~
:~~
~~ ~~
~~;~
6~;
6512
;~~~
40L4
5226
5628
o2B!
6704
'316
7879
7718
8362
9005
8683
940
"( :30
9648
5728
6168
5iB9
:
,
6271
6754
0<52
11256
TABLE A2
--~~-------~~-~~----~--~
w-- 0 1
BarDia.
11
12
1Z
!l.:!:TI
112
125
15
350
392
438
5
6
l2
)3
"
)4
40
45
12
12
12
12
"
12
ZONE
137
150
175
480
s;
6
6'
1010
:131
!JOE
1106
1126
1256
1377
1238
1351
14M
1382
1515
1652
l,j\JI
1401
15
402
53
....
..,.
a;
so
16
15
,.
450
_503
55'
600
671
750
838
734
918
1101
""
10(2
1206
1340
1:301
501
16,
18<J1
19<
"
508
"
20
20
20
20_
15
20
25
30
:IS
20
50
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2'..
25
25
....
Z>
32
..
32
32
35
32
45
"'32
..
""
..
70
..
6';18
104
"""
1'.73
1407
;42
2mc
2345
2004
2722
2931
804
1072 ..
134C
Hl08
10/b
2144
241
269(
L"''
310
3484
3752
'""
1041
1.309
1570
)05
206
203
12
c'l87
b!W
818
14/
1377
1006
1836
LUtl:>
2285
2524
2754
2983
bt
1141
1434
...
/04
1005
1256
1508
1759
<UlU
2251
2513
2764
BOO
lOOt
1201
1501
18()1
L1C1
401
2101
3002
1340
1675
201C
1101
1468
1836
""""
.CWJ'l
4202
2203
Zl4t
LofO
268C
2JJ37
3304
30
335
"""
4UL
.. 4355
459C
3672
4UOB
4405
4173
5140
Kl5
2013
100
1340
lot
2U1
508
"'"
211'
2412
2714
30
Hill8
2010
241
;1814
3216
3619
4UU ..
442<:
4824
5226
5628
Z045
268()
3015
350
1508
885
4 D20.
""""
4000
1250
1675
"'""
2931
3010
~~~
3224
=o
339'2
3169
3685
4146
i606
=i
~~
i025
1413
2345
2045
=u
3518
""""
3664
4030
4337
4763
4188
4606
5444
140/
Hill8
5025
CJU1o
i=
""""
3fbB
424()
41
5182
5653
6124
4397
1200
. 'u"'
.
o<Eo
~~
20'0
2052
3769
3283
2764
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1466
1759
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045:
lUl
lZ'C
lbl
110Y
2010
2261
. 2513_
3518
1131
3""8
3769
4083
250
"""
1005
1340
1675
""""
'""1
3100
3442
372ll
4016
""'u
,,
"
"'""
125.6
1675
2094
2513
28/B
3141
3402
3664
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2D35
2261
2487
2714
216
..,.
"'""
3141
""'
2412
26BC
948
1466
1832
2198
2600
'""
lblb
2144
!l42
1Z,o6
157G
1884
2198
""'"
62,
2814
3049
'73
804
1072
134C
1608
""''
;!'
2000
8/8
loOB
1809
2010
221'
2412
2510 ....
2514
=i
"
11
14
'" '"
lbl
"'"
=
2513
..
'04
938
'lVI
1675
ltltl4
;1094
2303
25'3
2722
293'
<251
2439
603
!04
100!l
1800
146
""'"
,...,
"""
lLBO
1047
1256
16(6
"''
1400
1002
1836
J19
938
20ti4
"''
13bl
1583
508
1759
1658
193
1809
211
... 1>J(jU ..
111
re
636 ..
112
1313
'"
.~
1CMU
15'.!8
1675
1843
2010
2178
b<!b
{5()
225
8~
1173
14t)7
1042
1b/b
2111
"""
2626
047
125
148
15
20
25
30
"2
'"""
16{
1843
2010
2178
25
30
35
32
838 ..
1005
173
1040
838
55
60
25
"""
6W
'"20
50
25
25
25
25
25
l '""
,oo5
474
,,.....
Jb
1508
1633
JU
16
""'
8'J5
1208
200
188
101
12oo
70
20
,.
eu
..""
...
.. 12
32
32
32
""
126
"
32
.. ~
100
12
..
L!J,jl
33<)0
>444
5803
15
2094
2617
01141
3bb4
4188
4711
5234
5758
6281
.. 0000
'"""
=i=Hi
3283
3152
4221
<o>~~J
'"'"
56'l8
6097
6566
1809
2412
3015
""'"
2010
2680
""""'
4UZU
3152
88
48 24
4221
4824
542;
"' ou
oueu
b/UU
"
""""
536()
6030
""""
6968
1236
7839
..'""
804C
7504
12
8710
938C
"""'
.. 6432
'
W-01
-
T1+T2
100
112
125
137
150
175
200
225
250
12
15
350
350
402
482
563
643
724
804
884
965
392
392
450
540
630
720
810
900
991
438
438
503
603
704
804
905
480
480
551
661
771
881
991
525
525
603
724
844
965
613
613
704
844
985
700
788
788
905
875
875
1005
1206
1085
1126
1266
1005
1101
1206
1407
1106
1212
1081
1206
1322
1045
1126
1171
1261
1307
1407
1432
1542
1327
1447
1568
1688
1548
1688
1829
1970
350
392
429
480
536
600
--643- --720
750
840
858
961
965
1081
438
536
670
804
938
1072
480
587
734
881
525
643
804
965
613
750
938
1028
1126
1286
1072
1201
1179
1286
1394
1501
1321
1469
1616
1762
1561
1340
1474
1608
1742
1909
1930
2090
1681
1876
2056
402
536
670
804
938
450
600
750
900
503
670
838
551
734
918
1005
1101
1285
1469
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
r---12-- - 12
-- 12
12
16
16
16
---16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
70
-~30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
--
20
20
20
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
65
15
20
---20- -
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
15
- ,----
20
25
1072
1206
1340
1474
1608
1742
1876
30
35
40
45
1652
2251
603
804
704
938
1005
1407
1608
1809
2010
1173
1407
1642
1876
2111
2345
2211
2580
2680
2948
2412
2613
2814
2814
3049
3283
3216
3484
3752
1206
2064
2251
2513
2439
2626
2722
2345
1256
1508
1759
2010
2261
2513
2764
3015
3266
3518
643
858
720
961
804
1072
1340
1843
2010
2178
1072
1286
1501
1715
1930
2144
2358
60
65
2573
2787
3002
1201
1441
1681
1921
2161
2401
2641
2882
3122
3362
2931
1608
1876
2144
2412
2680
2948
3216
3484
3752
2524
2754
2983
3213
881
1175
1469
1762
2056
2350
2644
2937
3231
3525
3818
4112
1072
1286
2439
2626
1377
2065
2295
788
965
1206
2358
2573
2787
3002
1147
1606
1836
700
858
2064
1256
1466
1675
1884
2094
2303
1126
1313
1501
1688
1876
2613
1769
1047
838
563
750
938
2010
2178
2412
2352
2533
2144
754
1005
50
55
70
2171
2090
2251
1876
688
918
1340
1508
1675
15
1340
1508
1675
1843
1809
2010
2211
1447
1608
1608
628
838
503
-- 670
40
45
20
25
1173
1769
1930
1085
1266
1447
1628
1809
1990
1126
1286
1447
2345
1005
1173
60
65
70
1051
1201
1351
1501
1651
1801
1951
2101
1266
804
965
1126
1313
1501
1688
1836
2019
2203
2387
2570
30
35
50
55
1441
1175
1322
700.
965
1286
1608
1930
2251
2573
2894
3216
3538
3859
4181
4502
2251
1501
1715
1930
2412
268~-2948
3216
~~-~~
1340
1508
1608
1876
1809
2111
2412
2714-
1675
2010
2345
2680
3015
3350
3685
2144
2412
2345
2680
3015
3317
3618
3920
4221
3752
4020-4355
4690
3015
3350
3685
4020
1131
1508
1884
2261
2638
3015
3392
3769
4146
4523
4355
4690
4899
4606
5025
5444
5276
5863
1447
1608
2144
2680
1126
1501
1876
1286
1715
2144
2251
2573
3002
3430
3859
4288
4717
5146
5574
6003
4878
5253
1876
2144
1340
2052
2345
2638
2931
3224
4127
4502
1340
1608
905
1206
804
1340
1675
2010
3752
2894
875
1072
1072
1005
3002
3377
2653
--
3484--
879
2626
2814
3136
3377
1173
1466
1759
3518
3811
4104
1447
1688
1930
2171
2412
1407
1608
1930
2412
1256
1675
2094
2513
2931
3350
3769
4188
2894
3377
3216
3859
4342
4824
4288
4824
5360
5306
5896
5789
6271
6432
6968
7504
6754
3752
AL1
W=0.2
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
.. 16
16
""1s
. ,.
16
3o .
55
..
...
ro
20
30""
-,.
60
65
1S
ro
~: -
15
"lis
480
480
525
613
613
613
633 .
?OC
788
405
...438
438
.. 438
452
724
814
743
810
878
946
19
805
980
1oss
lOS
981
!074
1157
1266
161
1266
1372
14;c
1327
1447
1568
1a88
1492
1628
1764
1ees
""392
438
392
438
480
525
52$
700
?CO
450
540 ....
830
so3
ssf
so:
661
..
704
.. 771 ..
613
613
704
844
1081
1206
1307
12s
35e
350
392
392
350
392
362
653
724
784
844
452
.. 482
563 ..
965
104E
112s
12s'
14o1
35(
392
438"
DFPTH
150
"112
350
7l"lf\IF
137
ioo
15
zo
16
20
25
s25
525
480
496
.. 543
995
1085
1176
eo:
724 ..
844
~7
1322
1432
1542
1568
1688
525
48(
985
1688
1829
1sn
200
fOG
70C
225
250
788
788
87
.. 1126
788
788
905
.. 1085
1266
1930
2000
2251
.71
2352
2533
so4
965
513
7
788
f.-.... .-;~::-:--+-.~;~;c.-;+-.,;;;;
~;-~f-~~~-+---i::.;;..~~!-~
~!~+ ---:~;;;':"79,;.....- t--7'1'::,;~.--11-";13~.,- ..
906
1651
180
..
87
875
005
2412
2613
2af<
87
1~
004
. 900
4lf
05
1013
113'
. 1: jg
1---;;.-20 --1---~
--+-~20:6~-+--.;:
to
65
1307
1462
20
7o
1407
1s1a
1501
1633
1759
11
1700
1s2s
,..
1005.
422
41
J6
'809
1960
2 11
-51
1407
1583
16
21
2286
2482
2412
2613
2s14
"
2010
2281
2714
2940
3166
301:
3266
3s1a
848
942
1~
54
zs
25
s79
"1005
985
126
1099
1256
1:mr
.. .
1~77
1s1s
"1508
1539
175!i"
1759
2010
1a1e
. 261
100
2513
25
..
1508
1688
1884
2065
226'
2638
3015
3392
3769
56
724
844
108!
14471809
1200
1soil
201(
35
'*"
:12
15
482
540
603
-,,
2o
643
720
604
as.
32
25
804.
900
"1005
111)1
1206
14(
1286
1608
144',
162
1608
1809
2010
""221
2412
2613
2814
762
1983
193C
211
-2203
24T2
2423
2653
2694
3136
3317
22(
2533
2814
3095
3377
3658
3940
2573
2894
3216
3$38
3859
4181
4502"
32
32
32
32
.
32
32
-.0
-..
so
... 55
""
_....
70
1286
1447
1ooa
1769
.,930
2090 ..
2251
98
16
3f
2521
2644
2864
3084
965-
'26
2894
3256
3618
3980
4342
... 4703
505
3216
3618
4ozo
4422
.. 4824.
5226
..5628
TABLE AS
--;:;;--:;~---------:;;c--:::;--;:-;-;;--~-~~
W- 0 2
'~-- ~
= 1OE-6
ZONE' DEPTH
Bar Dia.
T1+T2
100
112
125
137
150
175
200
225
250
12
12
15
350
392
438
480
825
613
700
788
8~
4UO!
452
503
ooo
ouo
400
507
563
619
"'"
503
565
628
551
620
688
'12'
..
45
.,
so
603
676
754
lot ........szs
104
791
379
as;
804
005
1005
1100
005
131
1256
1382
104
12
653
732
s,;
826
895
sa<f
70
704
788
879
964
1055 .......1231
130?
1407
905
1018
1131
1244
1357
147
1583
4:>0
438
438
503
520
525
525
603
704
61
586
4&J
480
480
551
643
700
700
00
604
938
1072
12os
1340
1474
1608
1742
788
, 88
788
905
1055
120,1357
1508
1658
1609
1960
87
87
875
1005
1173
1340
1508__
1675
1843
2010
2178
1759
2052
2345
525
e2e
785
613
733
00
s3e
1047
1256
1466
167:
12
12
12
12
12
16
"""
20
3bU
25
30
35(
402
"""
392
392
450
16 . .
16
35
469
525
40
536
16
..
"'"
or
ro4 ....
"""
50
..
"
670
737
804
871
7&0
825
900
836
921
1005 ..
918
1010
101
1313
1466
350
392
4'
469
586
438
sz3
654
16
16
16
20
1143
61
704
821
938
sos
1oS5
ODE
1173
06
1290
1206~
1407.
1206
,.
25
"
,
.,
"
838
0;<1
938
"1"
,o41
1004
147
1099
1256
1099
1282
1466
25
25
25
25
50
""
1102
1256
1361
121'0
1407
1524
143\l
15
170
15/B
1721
1664
1f2f
1884
2041
2198
2015
2198
2382
2565
2303
2513
1206
1407
1407
1642
1608
18!6
--;!;;c32..~-+---:~c;--:-1---i~
1-
w""
25
25
25
Z5
Z5
25
s:
48()
905
574
17
s1e
27'22.
788
s4z
875
1047
ra
1309
1413
1649
1884
1570
1532
2094
2591
2879
~~~27-+...;3~141C"".
""
3402
3664
..J
32
40
1BO!l
18'6
2144
32
32
32
..
50
"
21
2345
258D
2412
1340
1809
2010
ll11
2948
32
32
32
65
70
2412
2613
2814
2814
3049
3283
3216
3484
3618
3920
35
1759
2931
1809
2111
2412
2714
3()15
3317
3<1
32
1508
150,
1651
1575
1843
2...0.10.
2345
1836
2019
ll03
.
201
2345
2680
3015
335C
....
3685
4020
4355
TABLE AS
-------~----~-c--~-----~--~~-
w-- o 2
- -
B~rDia~
T1+T2
100
ff
12
15
20
12
12
25
30
35
12
12
12
12
12
12
-,2
12
..
40
,.
20
1if
1if
30
..,..
16
16
40
45
1if
1so
175
350
392
rOC
'350
4$C
48:'
613
392
438
438
525
3SJ
525
613
392
613
392
400
4BC
525
350
525
613
70C
35(
35C
362
392
392
438
438
438
438
700
70C
48C
4:
525'
405
-,5o
452
503'
4:
495
54G
553
603
585
653
"'"'
630
704
482
s23
-563
39:f
''429
392
392
392
42!l
-486
438
436
438
469'
536
482
540
603 ..
350
25
..
,.
.. ...-,.
"
...
.
.,.,.
137
442 ...
-65
7if
15
125
402
55
60 ...
16
16
112
350
350
375
sao
536
590
fill
643
65
....
20
20
20
20
To
To
20
20
so
65
60
to
---
976
938
105:
1089
173
1101
1193
1281
392
392-
438'
439
4&
25
25
25
-32
15
32
-;n
32
32
32
..
..
32
32
32
32
32
32
25
30
35
.......
50
......ss
67t
.. 844
838
938
92
'005
-059
1032
126
0219
350
... 429
392
400
536
643
750
858
965
600
no
640
9
1081
"523
.... 628
733
838
942
1047
'52
12$6
136-
438
536'"
61(
80<
938
1072
1206
..
603
704
804
905"
1005
1105
1206
704
'82'
... 938
lost
700
750
858
70C
70C
700
sc4
938
1072
1206
1340
788
7M
...
844
865 ..
1085
1206
1327
1441
875
905
1005
-1106
1206
1307
87
875
875
875
938
1681
1072
1200
134ll.
1474
1600
1742
1876
788
875
788
875
87
1005
1173
134c
1508
156~
788
905
105<
... 1'206
1600
1742
1876
1357
1508
1658
1809
1960
2111
525
613
?ot
188
875
525
613
733
879
'88
87C
1047
1256
1307
628
'54
..
1045
1125
875
173
129C
140
1524
1642
--
----- 700
83<
1005
1173
942
1131
1319
1508
1696
1884
2073
1675
1843
2010
217B
2345
'"879
1026
1005
1131
125E
1382
1508
1533
173
1319
146
1612
1759
1
i}
52E
t\43
813
...750
7()(
BSB
788 ..
965
804
938
1072
1206
965
12(
1286
144
1126
150'
1715
1930
2144
2358
2573
2787
3002
1688
193(
2171
B7
1072
1340
1608
1876
2144
2'12
2412
2680
265: ...
2894
3136
2948
... 193(
131C
1501
1688
1876
2064
2251
209[
2439
C572
1201
:340
1469
'1600
179
1286
132
1474
161E
1769
1441
156'
!608
742
1762
1905
1531
1876
2ti5B
1394
613
1407
48(
88
1028
1175
1322
613
513
-525-
=!
734
""
525
480
574
688
.. 803
918
1033
1147
1262
587
..
965
1010
'''jjj()5
469
804
884
826
...s18
-900
657
750.
55
50
s5
643 ..
734 ....
8b4
87
586
25
25
10'12
1179
1286
1394
1501
386
.......
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45
50
938
1032
1126
1219
7?.4
525
20
25
96E
643
6',
734
469
563
25
844
587
48C
419 ...
1085
1176
563
138
503
25
96E
788
525
392
45C
20
.. 995
70C
525
48C
514
525
25
sos
804
884
70(
48C
35c
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788
48C
48C
35t
81<
roc
438
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724
613
613
438
15
20
633
704
613
1045
12
25
25
25
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525
955
1025
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70(
525
8Jj
'50
825
13
!3
480
864
70
B?e
875
788
788
188
480
871
754
838
921
788
985
780
Goo
87
87
844
8C6 ...
... 675
/88
'88
77'
7'24
716
392
392
536
603
670 ...
737
250
-784
66'
670
737
503
225
74
844
9i5
l5C
35C
30
.... 35
603
63
000
... 720
16
20
To
525
200
2626
1843
2010
2178
~~
144
'1466
1675
1884
2094
2303
2513
2722
293'
3216 ..
3484
3752
'
The tables give the service and ultimate moment capacity in lu'\fm.
2.
Slab
3.
Reinforcement.
5.
Crack "idth is the permissible crack width in mm under flexural load. For severe or very severe
exposure crack width= 0.2 mm. For critical aesthetic appearance crack width= 0.1 mm.
6.
Cover is the concrete cover to reinforcement in mm. Minimum cover specification in BS 8007 is
40mm.
7.
8.
Reinforcement is high yield type 2 deformed bar with Fy=460 Njmm2 (In view of the very
marginal cost difference between high yield and mild steel bars, there is no cost advantage in using
mild steel bars.)
9.
The tinted areas indicate areas of reinforcement below the minimum level of (a) Peri< 0.0035 to
each surface zone (assume half of slab thickness or 250 mm} or (b) 0.0013 of the gross concrete
section as specified by BS 81 J 0.
!0. For summary of design formulae refer to sections 2.2 and 2.3.
TABLE B1
~~~M00:-!~9
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10
fit
;.~
125
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1 200
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19
624
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width
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1
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102
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492
400
229
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TABLE B5
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Design of concrete
structures for
retaining
aqueous liquids
BS 8007 provides recommendations for the
design and construction of liquid retaining
concrete structures. The design method is
based on limit state philosophy.
..
>
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